Upload
andy-fahreza-alam
View
238
Download
0
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
8/20/2019 3-Cara Kerja Herbisida Paling Lengkap
1/72
Herbicide Modes and Action
and Symptoms on Plants
Richard Smith, Farm Advisor
University of California Cooperative Extension
8/20/2019 3-Cara Kerja Herbisida Paling Lengkap
2/72
Herbicide Modes and Action
and Symptoms on Plants•
their modes of action• Show exam les of the t es of s m toms
that various herbicides cause on plants
From excess rate or inappropriate rate to certainsoil types
From mistakes in application to the wrong crop
rom carryover rom pr or app ca ons, or
inadequate soil preparation, etc.
From drift
8/20/2019 3-Cara Kerja Herbisida Paling Lengkap
3/72
Herbicide Modes and Action
and Symptoms•
2,4D – hay, turf
dicamba (Banvel) - hay
triclopyr (Garlon) – turf, woody plant control
8/20/2019 3-Cara Kerja Herbisida Paling Lengkap
4/72
Herbicide Modes and Action
and Symptoms•
sethoxdim (Poast) – grass selective, does notaffect broadleaf plants
cycloate (RoNeet) - spinach
EPTC (Eptam) – beans (effective on yellow
bensulide (Prefar) – lettuce, cole crops, onions,
cilantro, etc.
glyphosate (Roundup)
rimsulfuron (Matrix) - tomatoes
8/20/2019 3-Cara Kerja Herbisida Paling Lengkap
5/72
Herbicide Modes and Action
and Symptoms•
Pronamide (Kerb) – head lettuce
DCPA (Dacthal) – broccoli, onions
trif luralin (Treflan) – tomatoes, rapinni
s-metolachlor (Dual Magnum) – spinach, beans Dimethenamid (Outlook) – onions (controls yellow
nutsedge)
8/20/2019 3-Cara Kerja Herbisida Paling Lengkap
6/72
Herbicide Modes and Action
and Symptoms•
inhibitors Oxyfluorfen (Goal) – cole crops
Paraquat (Gramaxone) – burn down, prior to
planting nuron orox – ce ery
prometryn (Caparol) – celery
–
8/20/2019 3-Cara Kerja Herbisida Paling Lengkap
7/72
Plant growth regulators• 2,4D
• –
• triclopyr (Garlon) – turf, woody plants
ommon y use n ur o con ro
broadleaf weeds (e.g. clover)
Issues in agriculture not seen much in this
totally incompatible with lettuce
roduction occasionall in Hollister – ha
growing area)
8/20/2019 3-Cara Kerja Herbisida Paling Lengkap
8/72
Plant growth regulators• 2,4D
• –
• triclopyr (Garlon) – turf, woody plants
ymp oms o en nc u e:
exaggerated growth
deformity
stra ed sha ed leaves
8/20/2019 3-Cara Kerja Herbisida Paling Lengkap
9/72
Plant Growth Regulator Symptoms on Lettuce
DicambaDrift from hayTransline symptoms
Carryover in compost
8/20/2019 3-Cara Kerja Herbisida Paling Lengkap
10/72
Probable Phenoxy Symptoms
on Peppers
8/20/2019 3-Cara Kerja Herbisida Paling Lengkap
11/72
Plant Growth Regulatorcarryover in potting soil
8/20/2019 3-Cara Kerja Herbisida Paling Lengkap
12/72
Plant Growth Regulatorcarryover in potting soil
8/20/2019 3-Cara Kerja Herbisida Paling Lengkap
13/72
Lipid and amino acid synthesis
inhibitors•
sethoxdim (Poast) – grass selective cycloate (RoNeet) - spinach
EPTC (Eptam) – beans (effective on yellow
nutsedge ensu e re ar – ettuce, co e crops
Glyphosate (Roundup)
-
8/20/2019 3-Cara Kerja Herbisida Paling Lengkap
14/72
Lipid and amino acid synthesis
inhibitors•
A wide variety of symptoms including deformityof leaves
stunting
shiny leaves (removal of cuticle)• Amino acid inhibition symptoms:
Yellowing
e orm y s rap s ape eaves
8/20/2019 3-Cara Kerja Herbisida Paling Lengkap
15/72
8/20/2019 3-Cara Kerja Herbisida Paling Lengkap
16/72
Prefar symptoms in winter are more severe than the summer
Burn on one side of root deformed leaf
Thickening of leaf deformed leaf
8/20/2019 3-Cara Kerja Herbisida Paling Lengkap
17/72
RoNeet Overdose on Spinachtoo high a rate for soil type
8/20/2019 3-Cara Kerja Herbisida Paling Lengkap
18/72
Note deformity of cotyledons, stunting and death
8/20/2019 3-Cara Kerja Herbisida Paling Lengkap
19/72
RoNeet carryover from an aborted spinach crop on
lettuce, li ht soil the lettuce rew out of thesesymptoms very well later in the season)
8/20/2019 3-Cara Kerja Herbisida Paling Lengkap
20/72
RoNeet Damage on Broccolinote the lack of waxy cuticle
RoNeet Untreated Untreated RoNeet
8/20/2019 3-Cara Kerja Herbisida Paling Lengkap
21/72
8/20/2019 3-Cara Kerja Herbisida Paling Lengkap
22/72
Yellowing symptoms occur on the growing point of the plant
Glyphosate
8/20/2019 3-Cara Kerja Herbisida Paling Lengkap
23/72
Roundupymptoms on rocco an art c o e
8/20/2019 3-Cara Kerja Herbisida Paling Lengkap
24/72
8/20/2019 3-Cara Kerja Herbisida Paling Lengkap
25/72
Roundup Symptoms on Onionnote thickening of base of plant
8/20/2019 3-Cara Kerja Herbisida Paling Lengkap
26/72
Matrix on Lettuce ,
Round up
8/20/2019 3-Cara Kerja Herbisida Paling Lengkap
27/72
Cell division and cell wall
inhibitors•
Pronamide (Kerb) – head lettuce DCPA (Dacthal) – broccoli, onions
s-metolachor (Dual Magnum) – spinach, beans
Dimethenamid (Outlook) – onions (controls yellownutse ge
trif luralin (Treflan) - tomatoes
8/20/2019 3-Cara Kerja Herbisida Paling Lengkap
28/72
Cell division and cell wall
inhibitors•
affect the roots or are absorbed by the shootas the plant emerges through the soil
• Common symptoms include:
Poor root growth “ clubbing of the root”
Stunting
Poor stand of plants
Can also cause deformity of the tops of the plants
8/20/2019 3-Cara Kerja Herbisida Paling Lengkap
29/72
Poor root development with Kerb Untreated
8/20/2019 3-Cara Kerja Herbisida Paling Lengkap
30/72
Classic haloing of cotyledons
usually seen in the early spring
8/20/2019 3-Cara Kerja Herbisida Paling Lengkap
31/72
Kerb affect on the roots of
Spinach
Broccoli
8/20/2019 3-Cara Kerja Herbisida Paling Lengkap
32/72
Accidental application of Dacthal on
8/20/2019 3-Cara Kerja Herbisida Paling Lengkap
33/72
Dual carryover on romaine
8/20/2019 3-Cara Kerja Herbisida Paling Lengkap
34/72
Dual Magnum overdose on
Celery
8/20/2019 3-Cara Kerja Herbisida Paling Lengkap
35/72
Dual PPI on Celernote poor emergence of the roots from the plug in the treated zone
8/20/2019 3-Cara Kerja Herbisida Paling Lengkap
36/72
Dual PPI on Celery
8/20/2019 3-Cara Kerja Herbisida Paling Lengkap
37/72
- -
8/20/2019 3-Cara Kerja Herbisida Paling Lengkap
38/72
Outlook on carrot seedlin ssevere stunting and poor growth
Standard weed program Outlook
8/20/2019 3-Cara Kerja Herbisida Paling Lengkap
39/72
Herbicide Modes and Action
and Symptoms•
inhibitors Oxyfluorfen (Goal) – cole crops
Paraquat (Gramaxone) – burn down, prior to
planting
nuron orox – ce ery
prometryn (Caparol) – celery
–
8/20/2019 3-Cara Kerja Herbisida Paling Lengkap
40/72
Herbicide Modes and Action
and Symptoms•
inhibitors• S m toms can be dramatic
Burned areas or spots on the plant
Yellowing
D ti E l f
8/20/2019 3-Cara Kerja Herbisida Paling Lengkap
41/72
Dramatic Examples of
o osyn e c n orsCommand on Squash and Beets
G l i l d ift
8/20/2019 3-Cara Kerja Herbisida Paling Lengkap
42/72
Goal aerial drift
8/20/2019 3-Cara Kerja Herbisida Paling Lengkap
43/72
Paraquat aerial drift
8/20/2019 3-Cara Kerja Herbisida Paling Lengkap
44/72
Residues of goal in the soil and
8/20/2019 3-Cara Kerja Herbisida Paling Lengkap
45/72
o amageo amage
8/20/2019 3-Cara Kerja Herbisida Paling Lengkap
46/72
o amageo amage
8/20/2019 3-Cara Kerja Herbisida Paling Lengkap
47/72
8/20/2019 3-Cara Kerja Herbisida Paling Lengkap
48/72
8/20/2019 3-Cara Kerja Herbisida Paling Lengkap
49/72
8/20/2019 3-Cara Kerja Herbisida Paling Lengkap
50/72
8/20/2019 3-Cara Kerja Herbisida Paling Lengkap
51/72
8/20/2019 3-Cara Kerja Herbisida Paling Lengkap
52/72
surface to the undersideof the leaf
Splash from the soil
8/20/2019 3-Cara Kerja Herbisida Paling Lengkap
53/72
p
surface to the undersideRusty color on vein
of the leaf
Bleaching/bronzing of the lower epidermis
Puckered and deformed
8/20/2019 3-Cara Kerja Herbisida Paling Lengkap
54/72
Puckered and deformed
lower leaves with some
necrosis
8/20/2019 3-Cara Kerja Herbisida Paling Lengkap
55/72
Affected seedlin s can be stunted and set back
8/20/2019 3-Cara Kerja Herbisida Paling Lengkap
56/72
Typical sign of Goal residues
winter applications of Goal
cannot be worked at
thoroughly as 40 inch wide
beds and therefore the residues
are not inactivated and cancause thinning out of the stand,
of the bed
8/20/2019 3-Cara Kerja Herbisida Paling Lengkap
57/72
looks good
aggressively
Middle of the bed is
more difficult to
thoroughly workand has
more Issues with
carryover
8/20/2019 3-Cara Kerja Herbisida Paling Lengkap
58/72
Classic burning at soil lineClassic burning at soil line
Affected leaves often form a loopAffected leaves often form a loop
8/20/2019 3-Cara Kerja Herbisida Paling Lengkap
59/72
Affected leaves often form a loop Affected leaves often form a loop
8/20/2019 3-Cara Kerja Herbisida Paling Lengkap
60/72
RoNeet Damage Goal Damage
8/20/2019 3-Cara Kerja Herbisida Paling Lengkap
61/72
c e s ape an
burned off at tips
no burn at soil line
Can look similar to RoNeet
but with burn at the soil line
Goal residues in the Soil and Symptoms on Spinach Plants
8/20/2019 3-Cara Kerja Herbisida Paling Lengkap
62/72
Scatterplot by Level Code
1.11
Oxyfluorfen Concentrations in Soil 0Oxyfluorfen Concentrations in Soil 0--2 Inch Depth2 Inch Depth
0.91 p p m
p p m
. ppm. ppm
0.71
C o l_
f
l u o r f e n
f
l u o r f e n
0.31
0.51 o x o x
..
Col_1B G Affected Unaffected
8/20/2019 3-Cara Kerja Herbisida Paling Lengkap
63/72
Substantial Damage Observed in thisInstance at:
0.16 to 0.35 ppm
(0.10 to 0.23 lbs a.i./A)
8/20/2019 3-Cara Kerja Herbisida Paling Lengkap
64/72
At application, 0.50 lb
a.i./A of Goal is
concentrated in the
top 1/8 to ¼ inch
8/20/2019 3-Cara Kerja Herbisida Paling Lengkap
65/72
Incorporating Goal to
2 inches dilutes it by a
factor of 8-16
8/20/2019 3-Cara Kerja Herbisida Paling Lengkap
66/72
Incorporating Goal to
factor of 16 - 30
Impact of Organic Matter/Carbon
8/20/2019 3-Cara Kerja Herbisida Paling Lengkap
67/72
With
Charcoal
Without
Use of Goal on Onions and Broccoli
8/20/2019 3-Cara Kerja Herbisida Paling Lengkap
68/72
,
they shed the herbicide and are lessdamaged than the weeds
8/20/2019 3-Cara Kerja Herbisida Paling Lengkap
69/72
st nd
Goal burn on onions
8/20/2019 3-Cara Kerja Herbisida Paling Lengkap
70/72
oa oa en er
1
st
true leaf
8/20/2019 3-Cara Kerja Herbisida Paling Lengkap
71/72
Goal Applied to Broccoli
8/20/2019 3-Cara Kerja Herbisida Paling Lengkap
72/72
ppNote burned areas on leaf