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ISSN 1987-6890
saerTaSoriso samecniero-analitikuri JurnaliInternational Scientific-Analytical Journal
32 0 1 5
J. “ekonomisti”, #3, 2015
3
UDC33E e-49ivane javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo universiteti
paata guguSvilis ekonomikis instituti
ekonomistisaerTaSoriso samecniero-analitikuri Jurnali
gamodis 2009 wlis ianvridan
ivlisi
seqtemberiagvisto 2015
mTavari redaqtori ramaz abesaZe
samecniero-saredaqcio kolegia:
akademikosebi:
vladimer papava, avTandil silagaZe.saq. mec. erovnuli akademiis wevr-korespondenti
leo Ciqava.
ekonomikur mecnierebaTa doqtorebi:iuri ananiaSvili, rozeta asaTiani, givi bedianaSvili, Temur beriZe, giorgi berula-va, vaxtang burduli, revaz gvelesiani, revaz gogoxia, revaz kakulia, Temurkandelaki, murman kvaracxelia, alfred kurataSvili, iakob mesxia, elgujameqvabiSvili, solomon pavliaSvili, uSangi samadaSvili, roland sarCimelia,avTandil sulaberiZe, Temur Sengelia, Tina CxeiZe, nodar WiTanava, eTer xaraiSvili,mixeil jibuti.
ekonomikis doqtorebi:nanuli arevaZe, Tamila arnania-kepulaZe, nana bibilaSvili, badri geCbaia, merabgvelesiani, Salva gogiaSvili, lina daTunaSvili, gulnaz erqomaiSvili, eTerkakulia, nazira kakulia, anzor kurataSvili, Tea lazaraSvili (mTavariredaqtoris moadgile), iza naTelauri, dali soloRaSvili, nodar xaduri, mamukaxuskivaZe (mTavari redaqtoris moadgile), revaz javaxiSvili.
ucxoeli wevrebi:ana axvlediani (didi britaneTi, pasuxismgebeli mdivani ucxoeTSi), larisabelinskaia (litva), eldar ismailovi (azerbaijani), gindra kasnauskiene (litva),daviT kurtaniZe (aSS, mTavari redaqtoris moadgile), vladimer menSikovi (latvia),mixeil roketliSvili (aSS), galina savina (ukraina), slavomir particki (poloneTi),dimitri sorokini (ruseTi).
Tamar dadiani (pasuxismgebeli mdivani)
Jurnali xelmZRvanelobs Tavisufali presis principiT. redaqciis SexedulebaSesaZloa ar emTxveodes avtoris azrs da igi pasuxs ar agebs informaciissizusteze.
Tbilisi
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Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University Paata GugushviliInstitute of Economics
EKONOMISTIInternational Scientific-Analytical Journal
Published from January 2009
July
SeptemberAugust 2015
Editor-in-Chief Ramaz AbesadzeSCIENTIFIC-EDITORIAL BOARD:
ACADEMICIAN OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF GEORGIA:Vladimer Papava, Avtandil SilagadzeCORRESPONDING MEMBER OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF GEORGIA:Leo Chikava,
DOCTORS OF ECONOMIC SCIENCES:Iuri Ananiashvili, Roseta Asatiani, Givi Bedianashvili, Temur Beridze, Giorgi Berulava, VakhtangBurduli, Nodar Chitanava, Tina Chkheidze, Revaz Gvelesiani, Revaz Gogokhia, Mikhail Jibuti,Revaz Kakulia, Temur Kandelaki, Eter Kharaishvili, Murman Kvaratskhelia, Alfred Kuratashvili,Jakob Meskhia, Elguja Mekvabishvili, Solomon Pavliashvili, Ushangi Samadashvili, RolandSarchimelia, Temur Shengelia, Avtandil Sulaberidze.
DOCTORS OF ECONOMICS:Nanuli Arevadze, Tamila Arnania-Kepuladze, Nana Bibilashvili, Lina Datunashvili, GulnazErkomaishvili, Badri Gechbaia, Shalva Gogiashvili, Merab Gvelesiani, Revaz Javakhishvili, NaziraKakulia, Eteri Kakulia, Anzor Kuratashvili, Tea Lazarashvili (deputy editor-in-chief), IzaNatelauri, Nodar Khaduri, Mamuka Khuskivadze (deputy editor-in-chief), Dali Sologhashvili.
FOREIGN MEMSERS:Larisa Belinskaja (Lithuania), Eldar Ismailov (Azerbaijan), Gindra Kasnauskiene (Lithuania),David Kurtanidze (USA, deputy editor-in-chief abroad), Vladimir Menshikov (Latvia), SlawomirPartycki (Poland), Mikhail Roketlishvili (USA), Galina Savina (Ukraine), Dmitri Sorokin (Russia).
Tamar Dadiani (executive secretary)
The journal follows the principles of free press. The views of editorial board do not necessarily reflectauthor's option and it accepts no responsibility for the accuracy of information.
Tbilisi
J. “ekonomisti”, #3, 2015
eZRvneba
akademikosebis
paata guguSvilisa
da
vasil CantlaZis
dabadebidan 110-e
wlisTavs
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akademikosi
paata guguSvili(1905-1987)
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qarTuli ekonomikuri skolis fuZemdebeli
akademikos paata guguSvilis damsaxureba qarTuli ekono-mikuri skolis instituciur dafuZnebaSi, ekonomistebis TaobaTaaRzrdaSi ganuzomelia. marTalia b-ni paata istoriulad aryofila pirveli qarTveli mecier-ekonomisti, Tumca swored man,didi ivane javaxiSvilis erTgulma mowafem, Cauyara safuZveliqarTuli ekonomikuri skolis instituciur safuZvlebs da, racmTavaria, sakuTari cxovrebis wesiTa da samecniero-organi-zaciuli saqmianobiT aamaRla ekonomistis profesiis avtoriteti.
sabWoTa saqarTveloSi SeuZlebeli iyo yofiliyavi sazo-gadoebr mecnierebaTa nebismieri dargis mkvlevari da ar yofi-liyavi marqsizm-leninizmis ideologiuri mimdevari. b-ni paatasamecniero saqmianobaSi kvlevis obieqtad yovelTvis yvelazeufro patriotul mimarTulebas irCevda. am mxriv gansakuTre-buli aRniSvnis Rirsia saqarTvelosa da amierkavkasiis ekonomi-kuri istoria. ekonomikuri mecnierebis am dargs man araerTimsxviltaniani tomi miuZRvna.
calke aRniSvnis Rirsia is faqti, rom misi didi Zalis-xmevis Sedegad daiwyo samecniero kvleviTi saqmianoba kidev erTiuaResad patriotuli samecniero mimarTulebiT. kerZod, akade-mikosma paata guguSvilma safuZveli Cauyara saqarTveloSi de-mografiul kvlevebs.
samwuxard, b-n paatas TiTqmis mTeli cxovrebis ganmavlo-baSi uxdeboda brZola Suriani kolegebis winaaRmdeg. marTalia,gasuli saukunis samocdaaTian wlebSi misma mtrebma miaRwiesimas, rom b-ni paata moaxsnevines mis mier daarsebuli institutisdireqtoris Tanamdebobidan, Tumca es namdvilad ar unda iqnesaRqmuli, rogorc akademikos guguSvilis marcxi – is direqtorisTanamadebobis gareSec darCa Zalian did pirovnebad, qarTveliekonomistebis patriarqad.
me vamayob imiT, rom Cemi iniciativiT 1992 wels b-ni paatasmier daarsebul saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa akademiis ekonomikisinstituts daerqva misi damaarseblis – paata guguSvilis saxeli.dRes es instituti warmatebiT agrZelebs b-ni paatas mierdamkvidrebul samcniero tradiciebs.
akademikosi vladimer (lado) papava
ivane javaxiSvilis Tbilisis saxelmwifouniversitetis reqtori, paata guguSvilissaxelobis ekonomikis institutis mTavarimecieri TanamSromeli
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akdemikospaata
guguSviliscxovreba damoRvaweoba
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didi adamianebi mxolod sicocxleSi gakeTebuli kargisaqmeebis gamo rodi arian sazogadoebisaTvis sasargebloni.isini gardacvalebis Semdegac TavianTi namoRvawariT sxvebsgzas unaTeben da STaagoneben keTil saqmeTa keTebas. swo-red aseT adamianTa ricxvs miekuTvneba akademikosi paataguguSvili - gamoCenili qarTveli mecnieri, pedagogi, pub-licisti da sazogado moRvawe1.
akademikosi paata besarionis Ze guguSvili daibada 1905wlis 28 seqtembers abaSis raionis sofel kodorSi (amJamadkeTilari).
mama – besarion nikolozis Ze guguSvili soflis mama-
saxlisi გaxldaT. maSin es Tanamdeboba arCeviTi iyo dasoflis mosaxleoba wlebis ganmavlobaSi swored mas endo-boda.
deda – mariam gitos asuli kiziria diasaxlisi iyo.swored man Seaswavla Svilebs skolaSi Sesvlamde wera-kiT-xva. aseve xSirad ukiTxavda igi maT sxvadasxva nawarmoebs,gansakuTrebiT, leqsebs, romelTa Soris, umetesoba xalxu-ri iyo. mas qonda sakmaod mozrdili albomi, sadac ZliersufTa xeliT iyo Cawerili leqsebi, romelTac bavSvebs um-Reroda kidevac. batoni paata 11 wlis iyo, deda rom garda-ecvala da ojaxis mTeli simZime mamam sicocxlis bolomdepirnaTlad itvirTa.
kodoris erTklasiani da abaSis orklasiani saswavleb-lebis damTavrebis Semdeg batoni paata swavlas agrZelebsabaSis oTxklasian, foTis eqvsklasian saqalaqo saswavleb-lebSi da foTis gimnaziaSi. Semdeg saSualo ganaTlebiskurss gadis quTaisSi (aRsaniSnavia, rom erT weliwadSiori klasis sagnebs abarebs) da Sedis teqnikumSi, romelsac1922 wels amTavrebs. 1923 wels batoni paata Cairicxa Tbi-lisis saxelmwifo universitetSi maTematikis fakultetze,magram, ekonomikuri gaWirvebis gamo, samsaxurSi dadioda,amitomac igi gadadis socialur-ekonomikur fakultetze,romelzec leqciebi saRamos saaTebSi ikiTxeboda.… igi leq-ciebs ismenda agreTve samarTlisa da saqarTvelos istori-is dargebSi, monawileobda saqarTvelos ekonomikuri isto-riis, numizmatika-metrologiis seminarebSi, romelTac
1 statiis momzadebisas gamoyenebulia masalebi wignebidan: paata guguSvili 100(redaqtori: leo Ciqava, Semdgeneli: izolda abaSiZe, Tbilisi, 2005) da“akademikos paata guguSvilis dRiurebi da mogonebebi”
(Tbilisi, paata guguSvilis ekonomikis institutisgamomcemloba, 2015)
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akademikosi ivane javaxiSvili xelmZRvanelobda. 1922-1930wlebSi Tbilissa da moskovSi sxvadasxva dawesebulebasada organizaciaSi batoni paata muSaobda montioris, moanga-riSis, koreqtoris, asoTamwyobis, statistikosis, buRalt-ris, safinanso ganyofilebis gamgis Tanamdebobebze. am gziTmisi finansuri mdgomareoba sakmaod gaumjobesda, ise rom,cotaoden mamasac exmareboda.
mecnierisaTvis damaxasiaTebeliniWiereba, nebisyofa,problemis safuZvliani da yovelmxrivi Seswavlis unari manjer kidev studentobis wlebSi gamoavlina. igi 1927 wlidanmoyolebuli, Jurnal-gazeTebSi aqveynebda statiebs, recen-ziebs, kritikul SeniSvnebs, narkvevebs ekonomikuri mecni-erebisa da saqarTvelos kulturul-ekonomikuri ganviTare-bis sxvadasxva sakiTxze. 1929 wels Sesrulebuli misi pir-veli naSromis –`qarTuli wigni 1629-1929 ww.~, romelic qar-Tuli Jurnalistikis istorias mieZRvna, winasityvaobaSiprof. filipe gogiCaiSvili wers:"...avtors imdenad didiliteratura, wyaroebi da masala aqvs gamoyenebuli qarTu-li wignis samaswlianiistoriis gadmosacemad, rom misiSroma ueWvelia, yuradRebis Rirsia da Tavisi SinaarsiT sa-Tanado dargis gamdidrebas warmoadgens qarTul mwerlo-baSi".
ekonomikur mecnierebas saqarTveloSi saukuneTa siR-rmeSi aqvs fesvebi gadgmuli. qarTul istoriul, litera-turul, filosofiur Tu Teologiur wyroebSi mocemuliasaintereso mosazrebebi ekonomikuri mecnierebis sxvadasxvasferodan. am TvalsazrisiT yuradRebas imsaxurebs: “vefxistyaosani”; beqasa da aRbuRas “samarTlis wigni”; giorgibrwyinvales “xelmwifis karis garigeba”; vaxuSti bagra-tionis “ aRwera samefosa saqarTvelosa”; vaxtang meeqvsis“samarTali”; ioane batoniSvilis “kalmasoba”; sulxan-sabaorbelianis Sexedulebebi; aleqsandre amilaxvaris, iliaWavWavaZis, niko nikolaZisa da sxvaTa Sexedulebebi. magram,unda iTqvas, rom saqarTveloSi ekonomikurma kvlevebma mec-nieruli xasiaTi ivane javaxiSvilisa da filipe gogiCai-
Svilis naSromebSi miiRo. akadenikos paata guguSvils wi-lad xvda swored maTi mowafe yofiliyo, magram arc igidarCenia mis did maswavleblebs valSi. swored akademikospaata guguSvils miuZRvis gadamwyveti wvlili saqarTve-loSi ekonomikuri samecniero skolis Camoyalibebasa daganviTarebaSi.
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gansakuTrebuliaaseve akademikos paata guguSvilisdamsaxureba saqarTveloSi pirveli ekonomikuri samecnierokeris _ ekonomikis samecniero-kvleviTi institutis daarse-baSi, romlis ucvleli direqtori iyo 32 wlis ganmavlo-baSi. rasakvirvelia, batoni paata isedac ar daaklebda Za-lisxmevas saqarTveloSi ekonomikuri mecnierebis ganvi-Tarebis did saqmes, magram institutis daarsebam da misxelmZRvanelad, wlebis ganmavlobaSi, unariani, didi poten-cialis mqone pirovnebis yofnam saqarTveloSi ekonomikurimecnierebis ganviTarebas didi impulsi misca da procesebimniSvnelovnad daaCqara.
akademikos paata guguSvilis mecnieruli Tvalsawierimetad farToa. misi naSromebi eZRvneba politikuri ekono-miis, saqarTvelosa da amierkavkasiis ekonomikuri ganvi-Tarebis, sociologiis, demografiis, Jurnalistikis, ekono-mikuri azris istoriis, ekonomikuri terminologiis da sxv.problemebs. Mmisi avtorobiT gamoqveynebulia 500-ze metisamecniero naSromi, romelTagan 50-ze meti calke wignadaagamocemuli. gansakuTrebiT aRsaniSnavia monografiebisSvidtomeuli _ “saqarTvelosa da amierkavkasiis ekonomiku-ri ganviTareba XIX-XXss.”, romelSic, garda imisa, romwarmodgenilia umdidresi masala saqarTvelosa da amier-kavkasiis ekonomikuri ganviTarebis Sesaxeb, aseve gamovle-nilia ekonomikuri urTierTobebis araerTi manamde mecnie-rebisaTvis SeumCneveli mxare da mocemulia maTi siRrmise-uli analizi. man saTanado argumentebis motanis safuZ-velze saqarTvelosa da, saerTod, amierkavkasiaSi dasavleTevropis renesansisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli ekonomikuri mov-lenebis analogiuri procesebi aRmoaCina. miwaTsargeblobissabWoTamdeli periodis ekonomikuri problemebis kvlevisasis midis daskvnamde, rom Sua saukuneebis saqarTveloSi,wyliT racionaluri sargeblobis safuZvelze, soflebiamqrebs qmnidnen, romlebic, Tavis mxriv, Tavisebur garda-maval safexurs warmoadgenda soflis Temidan qalaqur xe-losanTa amqruli korporaciisaken. kvlevis aseTi gziT manqarTuli sofeli da misi samiwaTmoqmedo kultura samarT-lianad daayena kacobriobis uZvelesi civilizebuli qvey-nebis soflebis gverdiT.
aRsaniSnavia, rom am naSroms ekonomikur mecnierebaTadargSi Jurnal `makro mikro ekonomikis~ mier gamocxade-bul konkursSi, avtoritetuli Jiuris gadawyvetilebiT
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`meoce saukunis saukeTeso monografiis~ statusi da pir-veli premia mieniWa.
akademikosi paata guguSvili rom farTo diapazonismecnieri iyo, amaze metyvelebs im naSromTa arasruli Ca-monaTvali, romelic exeba istoriis, Jurnalistikis, demog-rafiisa da sociologiis aqtualur problemebs. ai isinic:“qarTuli wigni 1629-1929 ww.”; “qarTuli Jurnalistika”; “so-ciologiuri etiudebi”; “saqarTvelos mosaxleoba 160 wlis(1800-1960) manZilze”; “saqarTvelos mosaxleobis aRwarmoebissakiTxebi”, “mosaxleoba, ojaxi, Svilianoba”; “demografiisnarkvevebi” da sxv., romelTac, ise, rogorc misma yvela naS-romma, specialistTa farTo gamoxmaureba da maRali Sefa-seba daimsaxura.
p. guguSvils gamoqveynebuli didmniSvnelovani origi-naluri naSromebisaTvis profesorebis filipe gogiCaiSvi-lis, grigol naTaZisa da m. polievqtovis SuamdgomlobiT,1938 wels sajaro dacvis gareSe (Honoris Causa) erTxmad mie-niWa ekonomikur mecnierebaTa kandidatis samecniero xa-risxi. 1940 wels paata guguSvilma, sruliad axalgazrdamkvlevarma, brwyinvaled daicva disertacia ekonomikur mec-nierebaTa doqtoris samecniero xarisxis mosapoveblad. missadisertacio naSroms _ `saqarTvelosa da amierkavkasiiskolonizacia XIX s.~ _ maRali Sefaseba misces uaRresadprincipulma da momTxovnma mecnierebma: ivane javaxiSvilma,niko berZeniSvilma da filipe gogiCaiSvilma, rogorcoficialurma recenzent-oponentebma. maT maZieblis sadiser-tacio naSromi Seafases rogorc qarTuli humanitarulimecnierebis didi miRweva da axali mniSvnelovani wvlilisaerTod mecnierebaSi. akademikosma niko berZeniSvilma sa-jaro paeqrobaze ganacxada: `dasaxuli amocanebis gadasaw-yvetad avtors dabeWdil wyaroebs garda didZali axali daaqamdis ucnobi saarqivo masala moupovebia... amitomac mismier miRebuli daskvnebic friad mniSvnelovani da mecnie-rulad damajerebelia. warmodgenili naSromi saqarTvelosme-19 saukunis istoriisaTvis didi SenaZenia~. es ekonomikisspecialobiT saqarTveloSi daculi pirveli sadoqtotodisertacia iyo.
meore msoflio omamde arc erT ekonomikur discipli-naSi qarTulad ara Tu saxelmZRvanelo, saerTod, studen-tebisaTvis sakiTxavi literaturac ar iyo. am mxriv didia p.guguSvilis damsaxureba. 1931 wlidan moyolebuli, zedizedqveyndeba mis mier momzadebuli: `saxalxo meurneobis is-
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toria~ 10 nakveTad; `teqnikis istoria~ 5 nakveTad da 2 wig-nad; naSromi `ekonomikuri formaciebisaTvis~ da qresto-maTia _ `saxalxo meurneobis warmoSoba da ganviTareba~ _ 3tomad. garda amisa, ekonomikur disciplinebSi mis mier anmisi redaqciiT rusulidan iTargmna da gamoqveynda kidevoTxi damxmare saxelmZRvanelo.
1957 wels gamoica monografiebis Semoklebuli rusuliTargmani – «Развитие промышленности в Грузии и закавказье в XIX-XX вв.»' am naSromis farTo rezonanssa da did mecnierulmniSvnelobaze miuTiTebs is faqti, rom masze dadebiTi re-cenziebi gamoqveynda qarTul, rusul, somxur, Cexur, ung-rul, germanul, inglisur da amerikul presaSi. akademikosin. druJinini am naSromis maRal mecnierul SefasebasTanerTad svams sakiTxs paata guguSvilis sxva monografiebisrusul enaze gamocemis Taobaze.
mniSvnelovani Zvrebi, rac 70-iani wlebis Semdeg gan-xorcielda saqarTveloSi demografiis kvlevis dargSi, ba-toni p. guguSvilis erT-erTi didi damsaxurebaa. mosaxleo-bis bunebrivi moZraoba man socialur-ekonomikuri faqto-rebiT axsna. am problemasTan dakavSirebiT gamoaqveyna me-tad mniSvnelovani naSromebi _ saqarTvelos mosaxleoba 160wlis manZilze (1800-1959ww.), saqarTvelos ssr mosaxleobisaRwarmoebis sakiTxebi'da sxv. am Temas miuZRvna man ori to-
mi “sociologiuri etiudebis“' saxelwodebiT.Tbilisis, quTaisis, baTumis, soxumis, baqos, erevnis,
moskovis, leningradis, kievis, minskis, gomelis, odesis sa-xelmwifo arqivebSi mis mier gamovlenili iqna axali ma-salebi, rac gamoqveynda Tematikurad Seqmnili sqeltanianitomebis saxiT. saarqivo wyaroebis am krebuls erTvis ana-logiuri masalebis variantebi, vrceli arqeogeografiulimimoxilvebi, sadac mocemulia gamoqveynebuli dokumentebiskritikuli Sefaseba, epoqis damaxasiaTebeli gamokvlevebi,agreTve sagnobrivi, geografiuli da personaluri regist-rebi.
amierkavkasiis samoqalaqo da meurneobis istoriiswyaroebis krebulTa gamocema pirvelad p.guguSvilma gana-xorciela, riTac man fasdaudebeli samsaxuri gauwia qar-Tul arqeografiasa da wyaroTmcodneobas.
akademikosi p. guguSvilis redaqtorobiT da Tanaavto-robiT 1946-1972 wlebSi gamoica saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa
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akademiis ekonomikisa da samarTlis institutis Sromebis 15
tomi da samecniero Sromebis krebul `ekonomikის~ 7 tomi.akademikosi p.guguSvili sistematurad monawileobda
ekonomistTa da sociologTa msoflio kongresebSi, agreTvesimpoziumebsa da konferenciebSi. misi moxsenebebi gamoqvey-nebulia qarTul, rusul, germanul, inglisur da sxva eneb-ze.
akademikos p.guguSvils didi damsaxureba aqvs qarTuliekonomikuri terminologiis SemuSavebaSi. naxevar saukunezemeti imuSava am mimarTulebiT. man am metad rTuli da Sro-matevadi samuSaos Sesruleba SeZlo didi ganswavlulobis,farTo erudiciis, mSobliuri enis safuZvliani codnis,mravali ucxo enis struqturaSi Rrmad garkvevisa da racmTavaria, terminebis SinaarsSi wvdomisa da qarTuli Sesat-yvisebis zustad asaxvis miseuli unariT. am problemebze
man jer kidev studentobis wlebSi daiწyo muSaoba, rode-sac Jurnal `saqarTvelos ekonomikaSi~ (1928, #6) gamoaqveynastatia aRricxvisa da komerciuli terminologiis Sesaxeb.oci wlis Semdeg _ 1947 wels, saqarTvelos mecnierebaTaakademiis ekonomikisa da enaTmecnierebis institutebis gri-fiT gamocemuli `ekonomikis terminologia~ (rusul-qar-Tuli da qarTul-rusuli) Sedgenilia p. guguSvilis mierSemuSavebuli meTodologiuri principebis safuZvelze.
mis mdidar mecnierul memkvidreobas sxvadasxva drosrecenzirebiT, bibliografiebiT, eseebiT da sxva formebiTdadebiTad gamoexmaurnen cnobili mecnierebi da sazogadomoRvaweebi: k. ostrovitianovi (ruseTi), n. druJinini (ruse-Ti), n. cagolovi (ruseTi), g. hainingeri (germania), j. kola-ja (aSS), p. maslovi (ruseTi), p. podkolzini (ruseTi), b. ur-lanisi (ruseTi), t. fioldi (ungreTi), k. salia (safrange-Ti), z. urbanova (CexeTi), a. sumbaTzade (azerbaijani), t. aza-tiani (somxeTi), iv. javaxiSvili, f. gogiCaiSvili, k. gamsa-xurdia, g. leoniZe, n. berZeniSvili, S. nucubiZe, m. polievq-tovi, v. CantlaZe, a. gunia, l. gorgilaZe, S. mesxia, a. surgu-laZe, s. jorbenaZe, m. kaxeTeliZe, n. iaSvili, i. kaWarava, iv.balanCivaZe, a. kakabaZe, i. bajaZe, v. baxtaZe, a. ioseliani, g.WanuyvaZe, b. xasia, d. qoriZe, gr. Todua, r. gogoxia.
akademikos paata guguSvils mWidro saqmiani urTierTo-bebi hqonda im drois iseT cnobil moRvaweebTan, rogorebiciyvnen: petre Saria, niko musxeliSvili, ilia vekua, evgenixaraZe, simon yauxCiSvili, sergi danelia, viqtor CxikvaZe,
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simon Ciqovani, aleqsandre frangiSvili, kandid Carkviani,viqtor kupraZe, niko kecxoveli, andria afaqiZe, roin metre-veli, rafiel dvali, sergi durmiSiZe, irakli abaSiZe, gri-gol abaSiZe, ioseb noneSvili, arTaSes araqeliani da sxv.
konstantine gamsaxurdia paata guguSvilis Semoqmede-baSi gansakuTrebiT gamoyofs mis mier kvlevis obieqtismignebisa da SerCevis saocar unars. rogorc igi aRniSnavs,paata guguSvils Tavisi kvleva-Ziebis Temebi Cveni xalxisnamdvili cxovrebis siRrmiseuli procesebidan da sakuTarifarTo erudiciis wiaRidan aqvs aRebuli.B
batoni paata 1960 wels arCeul iqna saqarTvelos mecni-erebaTa akademiis SemadgenlobaSi wevr-korespondentad, xo-lo 1974 wels _ namdvil wevrad. 1962 wels mieniWa saqarT-velos mecnierebis damsaxurebuli moRvawis wodeba.
ekonomikis institutSi xangrZlivi moRvaweobis period-Si baton paatas wesad hqonda SemoRebuli saqarTvelossxvadasxva regionSi eqspediciebis mowyoba. mas movlilihqonda qveynis yoveli kuTxe-kunWuli da unikalur informa-cias flobda TiToeulis Sesaxeb. am mxriv metad mniSvne-lovania misi xelmZRvanelobiT mopovebuli da gaanalizebu-li eqspediciis (fSav-xevsureTis,mTa-TuSeTis, saingilos,samcxe-javaxeTis, kaxeTis, raWa-leCxumis, svaneTisa da sxv.)masalebi.
paata guguSvilma aqtiuri monawileoba miiRo 1951 wlisnoembris cnobil diskusiaSi (q. moskovi), romelic moawyoskkp centralurma komitetma politikuri ekonomiis saxelmZ-Rvanelos maketis ganxilvasTan dakavSirebiT. aq man TavisgamosvlaSi, rogorc saredaqcio komisiis wevrma da seqciiserT-erTma TanaTavmjdomarem, saxelmZRvanelos teqstissrulyofisaTvis gaakeTa rigi SeniSvnebi da waradgina konk-retuli winadadebebi da rekomendaciebi (formulirebaTasaxiT), rac saxelmZRvanelos saboloo teqstSi aisaxa.
1976-dan sicocxlis bolomde saqarTvelos ssr mecnie-rebaTa akademiis ekonomikisa da samarTlis institutis de-mografiisa da sociologiis problemaTa ganyofilebis gam-ge da misi iniciativiT Seiqmnili saqarTvelos mecnierebaTaakademiis pezidiumTan arsebuli saqarTvelos xalxTmosax-leobis (demografiis) socialur-ekonomikur problemaTa sa-
mecniero sabWos Tavmjdomareა.p. guguSvili 30-iani wlebidan iyo qarTuli Jurnalis
`ekonomistis~ redkolegiis wevri, xolo 1958 wlidan 15
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wlis ganmavlobaSi misi iniciativiT aRdgenili Jurnal`saqarTvelos ekonomistis~ mTavari redaqtori.
akad. p. guguSvili mravalmxriv mecnierul moRvaweo-basTan SesaniSnavad aTavsebda nayofier pedagogiur saqmia-nobas. igi Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetSi kiTxulobdaleqciebis kurss: 1930-1962 wlebSi _ saxalxo meurneobisistoriasa da teqnikis istoriaSi, 1942-1966 wlebSi _ poli-tikur ekonomiaSi. 1967 wlidan mihyavda leqciebis kursi so-ciologiaSi.
p.guguSvils udidesi Rvawli miuZRvis ekonomistTa
erovnuli kadrebis momzadebisa da aRzrdis saqmeSi, ro-gorc wlebis ganmavlobaSi (1948-1974) ekonomikis institut-Tan Seqmnili sadoqtoro da sakandidato disertaciebisdacvis specializebuli samecniero sabWos Tavmjdomaresada mecniersa da pedagogs. misi xelmZRvanelobiT momzaddada dacul iqna 120-ze meti sadoqtoro Tu sakandidatodisertacia. B
ბatoni paata did szogadoebriv saqmianobas eweoda.igi iyo ssrk sagegmo komitetis, saqarTvelos mecnierebaTaakademiis sazogadoebrivi ganyofilebis biuros, saqarTve-los sazogadoeba “codnis’” gamgeobis, ucxoeTTan megobro-bisa da kulturuli kavSiris saqarTvelos sazogadoebisgamgeobis wevri da humanitarul mecnierebaTa seqciis Tavm-jdomare, sabWoTa sociologiuri asociaciis prezidiumis(moskovi), sabWoTa samecniero ekonomikur dawesebulebaTaasociaciis (moskovi) prezidiumis, msoflio sociologiuriasociaciis sabWosa da aRmaskomis da sxva adgilobrivi,sakavSiro Tu saerTaSoriso organizaciebis wevri.
dajildoebulia Sromis wiTeli droSis, „sapato niS-nis“ ordenebiTa da medlebiT.
calke aRniSvnis Rirsia batoni paatas adamianuri Tvi-sebebi - obieqturoba da principuloba, Sromismoyvareobada mizanswrafuloba, keTilSobileba da erTguleba da sxv.igi iyo SesaniSnavi meuRle, mama da babua. gansakuTrebiTaRsaniSnavia aseve misi Seupovroba mowinaaRmdegisadmi, igiiyo TiTqmis ukompromiso polemikaSi, ris saSualebasac masaZlevda samarTlianobis grZnoba, didi erudicia da goneba-maxviluri iumoris unary.
ბaton paatas rTuli cxovreba hqonda: igi bavSvobisasakidan moyolebuli mZimed iyო avad muclis tifiT, mal-ariiT, ciebiT, filtvebis anTebiT, plevritiT, filtvebis
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daCrdilviT, dizenteriiT, ciebiT, susunatiT, qronikulisurdoTi, nevralgiiT, qronikuli revmatizmiT, gulis gaga-nierebiT, miokarditiT, qronikuli poliarTritiT.axal-gazrda asakSi gardaecvala deda, da (nawlavebis tuperku-lioziT), meore da (filtvebis tuperkulioziT), mama (filt-vebis anTebiT), vaJi pirvel colTan – giorgi (sami Tvis,dezinteriiT), pirveli coli – Tamar TodaZe (filtvebistuperkulioziT). batoni paatas gardacvalebidan 3 wlisSemdeg, samwuxarod, gardaicvala Svili – gulbaaT guguS-vili, xolo 5 wlis Semdeg meuRle – nino miqaberiZe.
daundoblad ebrZodnen arakeTilsindisierad ganwyobi-li adamianebi, romlebmac araerTi tkivili miayenes mas.magram man yvelafers gauZlo, yvela daavadebisagan gani-kurna, STamamavlobas dautova maRali Rirebulebis samec-niero nawarmoebebi, Seqmna qarTuli ojaxi SesaniSnav qal-batonTan, nino niqabaZesTan erTad, maT samSoblos aRuzar-des ori maRali inteleqtualuri Rirebulebebis matare-beli Svili – besarion guguSvili da gulbaaT guguSvili.yvelasTvis cnobilia, romBbatoni besarioni, saqarTvelosdamoukideblobis gamocxadebis pirvel wlebSi iyo saqarT-velos premier-ministri. batoni paatas sicocxle maT Svi-liSvilebSi da SvilTaSvilebSi grZeldeba.
Bbaton paatas, miuxedavad mis winaaRmdeg mdgomi Zli-eri Zalisa, arasodes mouxdia qedi, arasodes dauwyia pir-feroba. mas Hhyavda erTguli megobrebi, romelTac araso-des miutovebia igi, maT Soris unda dasaxeldes akademikosivasil CantlaZe, saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa erovnuli aka-demiis wevr-korespondenti leo Ciqava, profesorebi: beqirbixasia, mixeil kaxeTeliZe, revaz gogoxia, avTandil sula-beriZe, institutis ganyofilebis gamge izolda abaSiZe dasxv.
gansakuTrebulia akademikosebis paata guguSvilisa davasil CantlaZis megobroba. maT erTmaneTi akademikos ivanejavaxiSvilis pirvel leqciaze gaicnes da mas Semdeg 64wlis ganmavlobaSi mxarSi edgnen erTmaneTs. maTi urTier-Toba adamianTa Soris keTili da saqmiani damokidebulebisbrwyinvale nimuSia.
gansakuTrebiT aRsaniSnavia aseve batoni paatasadabatoni leo Ciqavas urTierTdamokidebuleba. batoni leosakuTari interesebis sawinaaRmdegod yovelTvis batoni paa-tas mxareze iyo da misi erTguli darCa. Mman pirnaTlad Se-asrula batoni paatasa Txovna, rom mas daemTavrebina ter-
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minologiuri leqsikoni, romlis dasrulebac man batonvasil CantlaZesTan erTad ver moaswro. batonma leom didiSromis fasad Txovna Rirseulad Seasrula. Ees leqsikoniamJamad yvela mecnieri ekonomistis samagido wignia.
mec minda gamovxato didi madliereba batoni paatas mi-marT. Maxsendeba, Tu rogori keTili, uangaro da obieqturidamokidebuleba gamoiCina Cem mimarT, rodesac universite-tis axali kursdamTavrebuli institutSi mimiRo. Cems mexsi-erebaSi batoni paata darCeba sada, yovelgvar Tanamdebob-riv qedmaRlobas moklebuli da, amave dros, inteligen-turi, maRali Rirsebebis matarebeli didi mecnieri. dResacigive mokrZalebiTa da ridiT var ganmsWvaluli misadmi,rogorc maSin, rodesac pirvelad masTan kabinetSi Sevedi.
madlieri Taoba ar iviwyebs batoni paatas Rvawls. amisdadasturebaa is, rom akademikos vladimer papavas Taosno-biT, mis mier daarsebul instituts paata guguSvilis sa-xeli ewoda, xolo ivane javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisissaxelmwifo universitetSi _ “paata guguSvilis saxelobisauditoria” gaixsna. mSobliuri koleqtivic ar iviwyebs missaxels. institutSi moewyo da gaixsna paata guguSvilissaxelobis kabineti, Rirseulad aRiniSna akademikos paataguguSvilis dabadebidan 105-e da 110-e wlisTavi. orive Ta-riRs mieZRvna saerTaSoriso samecniero-praqtikuli konfe-rencia da saiubileo sxdoma, Jurnal “ekonomistis” specia-luri nomrebi, momzadda da gamoica batoni paatas “dRi-urebi da mogonebebi” da sxva.
dRes misi saxelobis institutis TanamSromlebs Seg-viZlia baton paatas vupatakoT, rom ekonomikis instituti,miuxedavad xelovnurad Seqmnili winaaRmdegobebisa, warma-tebiT agrZelebs saqmianobas, rogorc damoukidebeli samec-niero-kvleviTi instituti ivane javaxiSvilis saxelobissaxelmwifo universitetSi, iq, sadac man daiwyo samecnierosaqmianoba da sadac amJamad warmatebuli reqtori, Cveni in-stitutis aRzrdili saerTaSoriso aRiarebis mqone mecnierekonomistia.
Cven did madlobas vuxdiT saqarTvelos mecnierebaTaerovnul akademias, mis prezidents, aseve, akademiis vice-prezidents, baton roin metrevels, imis gamo, rom akademi-kosebis - paata guguSvilisa da vasil CantlaZis dabadebi-dan 110-e wlisTavi saiubileo sxdomiT aRiniSneba. mas CvenaRviqvamT rogorc akademikos paata guguSvilisa da akade-
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mikos vasil CantlaZis Rvawlis maRal Sefasebad, aseveekonomikuri mecnierebis Semdgomi ganviTarebis mxardaWerad.
Bbatoni paata Tavis dRiurebSi wers: “did adamians,did mamuliSvils SeuZlia mTeli Tavisi samSoblos, mTeliqveynis Wiri da lxini, damarcxeba da gamarjveba, dacema daamaRleba, sibnele da sinaTle TavissakuTar sulsa dagulSi gaataros, mTeli arsebiT aenTos da daiwvas imis-Tvis, rom Tavisi mamulis sidiade da sibrZne gamoaCinos,raTa Tanamedroveobas da momavals gadasces yovelive si-keTe da bedniereba, rac misi qveynis yvelaze mowinave ada-mianebs odesme SeuqmniaT saerTod adamianebisa da, kerZod,samSoblosaTvis. didi adamianebi mxolod modian da samu-damod rCebian adamianTa Soris.”
aseT adamianebs miekuTvneba batoni paatac. Aamitom missaxels daviwyeba ar uweria, misi saxeli Taobidan Taobasgadaecema.
ramaz abesaZe
Tsu paata guguSvilis saxelobis ekonomikisinstitutis direqtori, emd, profesori
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paata guguSvili - sociologiuri
demografiis fuZemdebeli saqarTveloSi
me-20 saukunis 50-iani wlebis bolodan yofil sabWoTakavSirSi akrZalvis moxsnam 30-ian wlebSi genetikis, socio-logiis, demografiis burJuaziul mecnierebad Seracxul dar-gebze, dRis wesrigSi daayena mecnieruli kvlevebis gagrZele-bisa da im vakuumis Sevsebis aucilebloba, romelic am dar-gebSi Seiqmna.
batonma paata guguSvilma Tavis Tavze itvirTa am vakuumisSevsebis valdebuleba da simZime. mis mier gamoTqmuli gulis-
tkivili ki, rom „saqarTvelos mosaxleobis sakiTxebi arse-biTad dRemde ar gamxdara specialuri kvleva-Ziebis sagnad.dRemde ar gvyavs arc erTi mecnieri, romlis sistematurikvleva-Ziebis sagans Seadgens qarTvelologiis iseTi sakiTxi,rogoricaa saqarTvelos mosaxleobis statistika, saqarTve-
los demografia...“2 realobasTan erTad WeSmaritad didimecnierisTvis damaxasiaTebeli Tavmdablobaa. radganac misT-
vis „qarTveluri mosaxleobis bunebrivi matebis sakiTxi... didixnis dakvirvebis obieqtisa da sakirkito sagans“3 warmoadgen-da. mis monografiebSi „saqarTvelos da amierkavkasiis ekono-mikuri ganviTareba XIX-XX ss.“ uxvad aris cnobebi saqarTve-los mosaxleobis da misi dinamikis ganmapirobebeli faqto-rebis Sesaxeb.4 es aris masalebi ara marto istoriuli demog-rafiis, aramed ojaxis sociologiis, sociologiuri demog-rafiis mkvlevarTaTvis, rogorc wyaro da safuZveli mosax-leobis demografiuliganviTarebis makroanalizisTvis.
baton paatas mier 1960-ian wlebidan Seqmnilma naSromebmaganapirobes saqarTveloSi demografiis, rogorc zogadsaka-cobrio mecnierebis dafuZneba da qarTuli demografiuliistoriisTvis safuZvlebis Seqmna. igi miCneulia qarTulidemografiul moZRvrebaTa klasikuri naSromebis avtorad.5
2 p. guguSvili. sociologiuri etiudebi. Tb.1971 w. gv.345-3463 p. guguSvili, saqarTvelos ssr mosaxleobis aRwarmoebis sakiTxebi. Tb. 1973 w. gv.484 p.guguSvili. saqarTvelosa da amierkavkasiis ekonomikuri ganviTareba XIX-XX ss.monografiebi. t.1. gv.258-351; 659-7005 a. sulaberiZe. p.guguSvili-demografi(demologi). wignSi „paata guguSvili-dabadebidan 100 wlisTavi“. Tb. 2006 w. gv 12222
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aseve ojaxis sociologiisa da sociologiuri demografiisfuZemdeblad saqarTveloSi, rasac erTxmad aRiareben qarT-veli sociologebic da demografebic, maT Soris b. lutiZe, a.sulaberiZe, e. menabdiSvilida sxv.6
wina wlebSi Cven ganvixileT ojaxis sociologiis sakiT-xebi paata guguSvilis naSromebSi.7 axla Cveni mizania warmova-CinoT am didi mecnieris, rogorc saqarTveloSi sociolo-giuri demografiisfuZemdeblisRvawli.
sociologiuri (socialuri) demografia ori mecnierebisd demografiisa da sociologiis mijnaze warmoqmnili dargia,romlis Seswavlis mizans warmoadgens demografiuli dasocialuri procesebis urTierTgavlenis, socialuri norme-bis, demografiuli qcevis sxvadsxva saxeobebis da maTi Sesa-bamisi ganwyobebisa da faqtorebis kvleva. demografiuliprocesebis TaviseburebaTa da maTi ganmapirobebeli meqaniz-mebis srulyofili axsnisas is eyrdnoba socialuri demog-rafiis meTodebsa da Teoriul bazas, sociologiur da socia-lur-fsiqologiurmeTodebs.8
batoni paata Tavis ekonomikur, sociologiur, demogra-fiul naSromebSi warmatebiT iyenebda disciplinaTaSorisikvlevis meTodebs. sazogadoebaSi mimdinare procesebs gani-xilavda sistemuri midgomis principebze dayrdnobiT. mud-mivad cdilobda gamoevlina mTelis (sazogadoebis) da masTandakavSirebuli mikroorganizmebis (institutebis, m.S. ojaxis)urTierTkavSirebisda urTierTzemoqmedebis meqanizmebi.
amJamad, ar SevexebiT ra paata guguSvilis 50-ze met naS-roms demografiaSi, SemovifarglebiT mxolod misi 1973 wels
gamocemuli monografiis ganxilviT „saqarTvelos ssr mosax-leobis aRwarmoebis sakiTxebi“, romelic exmaureboda gaerosmier 1974 wlis demografiis msoflio wlad gamocxadebas.aRniSnul naSromSi b-nma paatam mosaxleobis aRwarmoebissakiTxebi gaaSuqa mravali mimarTulebiT, m.S. sociologiuridemografiis kuTxiTac.
monigrafiaSi gaSuqebul sakiTxTa CamonaTvali, kerZod,mosaxleobis, rogorc ZiriTadi mwarmoebluri Zalis aRwar-
6 p.guguSvili, dabadebidan 100 wlisTavi, Tb. 2006 w. gv.114, 120, 130.7 a. sulaberiZe, c. gvritiSvili, vl. sulaberiZe. ojaxis sociologiis sakiTxebipaata guguSvilis naSromebSi. J.ekonomisti. Tb. 2010 w. z38 g. wulaZe. demografiis mokle enciklopediuri leqsikoni. Tb. 2005 w. gv. 60-61
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moebis procesi, Sobadobisa da mokvdaobis, bunebrivi matebistempebi, erovnuli Semadgenloba, urbanizacia, saqorwinoasaki, qorwineba da ganqorwineba, ojaxi da sazogadoeba,mosaxleobis aRwarmoebis prognozi da SromiTi resursebi,uflebas gvaZlevs aRvniSnoT, rom am periodidan iwyeba demog-rafiuli mecnierebis aRorZineba da evolucia saqarTveloSi.
monografiis erT-erT Rirsebas warmoadgens, rom masSi iqsadac SesaZlebeli iyo SedarebiTi meTodis gamoyenebiTgaanalizebulia msoflioSi, yofil sabWoTa kavSirSi, amier-kavkasiasa da uSualod saqarTveloSi arsebuli demografiu-li viTareba, mosaxleobis aRwarmoebisa da ojaxis problemebi,qorwinebis, ganqorwinebis sakiTxebi da ojaxis formirebisaxali tendenciebi.
batoni paatasTvis mosaxleobaSi mimdinare demografiulimovlenebi mxolod statistikuri dakvirvebisa da maTemati-kuri gaTvlebis safuZveli ar iyo. xazs usvamda ra oficia-luri statistikis SezRuduli SesaZleblobebs mosaxleobisaRwarmoebis mTeli arsis, sazogadoebaSi arsebuli garkveulisocialuri normebis gamovlenis TvalsazrisiT, aucilebladmiaCnda anketuri gamokiTxvis gziT sazogadoebrivi azrisSeswavla nacionaluri ojaxis erTobliobis SvilianobisgasaTvaliswineblad. 1969 wels paata guguSvili TviTonCaudga saTaveSi saqarTveloSi Sobadobis sociologiurigamokvlevis pirvel mcdelobas, romelic sakavSiro kvlevisnawils warmoadgenda da romelic SemdgomSi saqarTvelossxvadasxva regionSi lokaluri gamokvlevebiT gagrZelda.9
SemdgomSi igi araerTxel mibrunebia aseT gamokiTxvebs.
ojaxSi bavSvTa raodenobis garkvevas isaxavda miznadTsu-s da poloteqnikuri institutis III da IV kursis studen-tebSi Catarebuli anketuri gamokiTxva, romlis masalebicasaxulia Cvens mier ganxilul monografiaSi.
es gamokiTxvebi iyo wanamZRvari ara marto saqarTveloSisociologiuri demografiis, aramed ojaxSi SvilTa yolismoTxovnilebebis SeswavliT mosaxleobis reproduqciuliqcevis kvlevebis dawyebisac, rac d. uznaZis ganwyobis fsiqo-logiaze dayrdnobiT ganaxorcieles misma mowafeebma g.wulaZem da sxvebma.
9 g.wulaZe. Sobadobis sociologiis sakiTxebi. Tb. 1984 w. gv.5
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p. guguSvili sociologiuri demografiis fuZemdebladimitomac aris miCneuli, rom demografiul procesTa Tavisebu-rebebisa da maTi ganmapirobebeli meqanizmebis axsnisa igi
eyrdnoboda im debulebas, „ ... rom demografiuli procesebimravalfaqtoriani socialuri fenomenia“ da faqtebis konsta-taciis gverdiT aucilebelia „sazogadoebriv-ekonomikuriurTierTobebis da politikuri mdgomareobis siRrmiseuliprocesebis gaTvaliswineba, istoriul wiaRsvlani, zogjerSoreuli fesvebis Ziebac, ramdenadac aq, ama Tu im zomiT,moqmedeben ara Tu didi xnis winaT Camoyalibebuli da axlaTiTqmis miviwyebuli zneCveulebebi, yofierebiTi momentebi dasxva. aramed saerTod nacionaluri, religiuri da TviT
rasobrivi warmomavlobisfaqtorebic“.10
demografiul procesTa Taviseburebebisa da maTi ganmapi-robebeli meqanizmebis axsna p. guguSvilis yvela demogra-fiuli naSromis qvakuTxeds warmoadgens. am TvalsazrisiT
„saqarTvelos ssr mosaxleobis aRwarmoebis sakiTxebi“ sain-teresoa imiT, rom masSi mocemulia im periodis (1973 wlamde)demografiuli, sociologiur-demografiuli problemebisTeoriul-meTodologiuri aspeqtebi, kerZod:
sazogadoebrivi ganviTarebis yovl etapze demografiuliprocesebis, kerZod bunebrivi matebis, mosaxleobis aRwar-moebis tempebis, rogorc mravalfaqtoriani socialuri feno-menis kanonzomierebaTa gamovlenisaTvis, paata guguSvuls
aucileblad miaCnda imis gaTvaliswineba, rom „ .... wina planzeaadamianis da TviT sazogadoebis, naciis pirveli bunebrivimiswrafeba - iyolios da dastovos STamomavloba da adamianismeore bunebrivi miswrafeba - maqsimalurad daikmayofilosTavisi moTxovnilebebi. es moTxovnilebebi erToblivi moq-medebis faqtorebia, xolo maTi sruli dakmayofileba urTi-erTSepirobebul process qmnian. am procesSi CaerTvebian kidevmoraluri, eTikuri, fsiqologiuri, kulturuli, religiurida sxva faqtorebi, romlebic, sabolood sazogadoebrivicxovrebis ekonomikuri da serTod materialuri pirobebiT
ganisazRvreba“.11
swored aseTi viTarebis gamo wina planze gamodis socia-luri faqtorebis gavlena mosaxleobis bunebriv moZraobaze.
10 p. guguSvili. saqarTvelos ssr mosaxleobis aRwarmoebis sakiTxebi. Tb. 1973 w. gv. 711 p. guguSvili. saqarTvelos ssr mosaxleobis aRwarmoebis sakiTxebi. Tb. 1973 w. gv. 11
25
J. “ekonomisti”, #3, 2015
b-ni paata aRniSnavda, rom „demografiuli faqtebis, rogorcmTavari obieqtis SeswavlasTan erTad aucilebelia yurad-Rebis gamaxvileba sakuTrad adamianis, pirovnebis, rogorc
demografiuli qcevis subieqtze“, radganac „realur demogra-fiul faqtebs (qorwinebas, Sobadobas, gayras) gansazRvravsdemografiuli qceva, rac Sepirobebeulia rogorc individua-luri, aseve sazogadoebrivi yofierebiT, sazogadoebis socia-lur struqturaSi misi pirovnebis jgufis statusiT, romelicadamians uyalibebs ojaxis idealis, qorwinebis, Svilia-
nobisadmi damokidebulebebisfaseulobaTa sistemas“.12
paata guguSvilma msofliosa da saqarTvelos demogra-fiuli situaciis cvlileba im movlenebis analiziT moaxdina,romlebsac adgili hqondaT me-20 saukunis me-2 naxevridanaxali industriuli revoluciiT gamowveuli msoflio sa-zogadoebriobis materialuri da sulieri warmoebis yvelasferoSi swrafi aRmavlobis fonze.
rogorc cnobilia im periodSi daiwyo mosaxleobis gada-nawileba warmoebisa da momsaxurebis axal dargebSi, Zveliojaxuri, naTesaobrivi kavSirebis rRveva, mwarmoebluri oja-xis momxmareblurze gadasvlis procesi. rasac ekonomikurizrdis kvalobaze daemata mokvdaobis donis Semcireba da Se-degmac ar daayovna - sazogadoebaSi Tavi iCina axali demog-rafiuli ganwyobebis Sesabamisi qcevebis Camoyalibebam.
industriul sazogadoebaSi mimdinare cvlilebaTa Sorispaata guguSvili gansakuTrebul yuradsaReb movlenad miiC-nevda siaxleebs Sromis danawilebis sistemaSi, ris SedegaacnaTesauri ujredebisa da ojaxis mravali mniSvnelovani funq-cia gadavida ojaxs miRma specializirebul dawesebulebaTakompetenciaSi. ojaxuri kavSirebis simyare Seasusta sazoga-doebriv warmoebaSi qalebis masobrivma CarTvam. aseT viTare-baSi minimumze met Svils SeuZlia xeli SeuSalos qalebsprofesiul saqmianobasa da karierul winsvlaSi. amasTan Svi-lebi umravles SemTxvevaSi araviTar rols ar TamaSoben imsaqmianobaSi (sawarmoebSi), romlebSic dasaqmebuli arianmSoblebi. ojaxi marTalia SenarCundeba rogorc ekonomikurierTeuli, magram rogorc warmoebrivi erTeuli kargavs Tavisfunqciebs. es procesi gansakuTrebiT Tavs iCens qalaqad. amasemateba agreTve nivTieri keTildReobis amaRleba, ganaTlebis
12 p. guguSvili. saqarTvelos ssr mosaxleobis aRwarmoebis sakiTxebi. Tb. 1973 w. gv.13
26
J. “ekonomisti”, #3, 2015
garTuleba da gaxangrZlivebac. izrdeba mosaxleobis kultu-ruli done, xdeba qorwinebaTa gadavadeba. mimdinareobs mSo-belTa moraluri pasuxismgeblobis zrda da Zlierdeba Svil-Ta raodenobis Sigaojaxuri dagegmvis SesaZlebloba. ganaT-lebul wreebSi sul ufro izrdeba kontraceptivebis gamo-yeneba.
ganxilul monografiaSi kidev erT aspeqts avRniSnavT.fertilobis (Svilianobis) donis daqveiTebis axsnisas, calkeparagrafi aqvs daTmobili urbanizaciis gavlenas mosaxleo-bis bunebrivi matebis tempebze. batoni paata aRniSnavda, rom
„marTalia urbanizacia industriuli da saerTod ekonomikurizrdis yvelaze ekonomikuri gzaa, magram ganvlili civili-zaciis istoria metyvelebs, rom mosaxleobis bunebrivi gamrav-
lebis tempebiT qalaqi SesamCnevad CamorCeba sofels“.13
qalaqis mosaxleobaSi Camoyalibebuli reproduqciuliganwyobebi SemdgomSi gadaecema soflis mosaxleobasac, racsoflad Sobadobis donis klebas gamoiwvevs. cnobilia, rom
„qalaqebSi migrantebis (soflidan) Sobadobis done ramdenadmemetia, vidre mkvidri qalaqelebisa. amasTan es gansxvaveba ukveSemdgomi TaobisaTvis qreba. qalaqis mosaxleobaSi soflis
mosaxleobasTan SedarebiT metia ganqorwinebis done da sxv.“.14amrigad qalaqad dawyebuli ojaxis transformaciis procesebisoflad iCens Tavs.
daskvnis saxiT gvinda aRvniSnoT, rom akritikebda ra 1920-ian wlebSi imdroindel sabWoTa kavSirSi sqesobrivi mora-lisa da ojaxis sakiTxebze diskusiebze gamoTqmul ZiriTadadvulgarul-materialistur Sexedulebebs, romlebic ojaxisgaqrobasac winaswarmetyvelebdnen, batoni paata aRniSnavda,
rom „.... saerTod sazogadoebrivi materialuri da sulieriwarmoebis mTeli progresi, rac Tavis ganviTarebis zogierTsafexurze revoluciis xasiaTs Rebulobs da maSasadamesafuZvlianad cvlis socialur-ekonomikuri cxovrebisa dakerZod TviT ojaxis struqturas.... Soreuli momavlis socia-luri cxovrebis konkretuli suraTebis xatva, met-naklebi zo-miT, Tu yovelTvis utopiuri araa, SeiZleba viviaraudoT, romwyvilis kavSiri - ojaxi, romelic Caisaxa da Camoyalibdamcire avtarkiuli jgufis saxiT, dausrulebeli formacva-
13 p. guguSvili. saqarTvelos ssr mosaxleobis aRwarmoebis sakiTxebi. Tb. 1973 w. gv.4614 g. wulaZe. demografiis mokle enciklopediuri leqsikoni. Tb. 2005 w. gv. 259
27
J. “ekonomisti”, #3, 2015
lebadobis gziT wava, magram kacobriobis ganviTarebis yvelasafexurze darCeba, rogorc adamianTa modgmis maradiuli
aRwarmoebis socialurida biologiuri aucilebloba“.15
avTandil sulaberiZe
ilias saxelmwifo universitetis demogra-fiisa da sociologiis institutis direq-tori ekonomikur mecnierebaTa doqtori,profesori
cicino gvritiSvili
ilias saxelmwifo universitetis demogra-fiisa da sociologiis institutismkvlevari
vladimer sulaberiZe
ilias saxelmwifo universitetis demogra-fiisa da sociologiis institutismkvlevari, ekonomikis doqtori
15p. guguSvili. saqarTvelos ssr mosaxleobis aRwarmoebis sakiTxebi. Tb. 1973 w.gv.71
28
J. “ekonomisti”, #3, 2015
sityva
akademikos paata guguSvilis dakrZalvis dReze
Zalze samwuxaroa, rodesac sikvdili arTmevs sazoga-doebas saqveyno saqmisaTvis uangarod Tavdadebuli adamia-
nis sicocxles.arminda davijero, rom marTla davkargeT Zal-Rones-
ruli, vaJkaci-mecnieri, akademikosi paata besarionis Ze
guguSvili.ver davijereb, rom paataguguSvili saqmem daRala,
Sromas gaerida da amitom guls xeli daikrifa.mas uyvarda sicocxle, uyvarda Sroma da garja, uyvarda
TeTrad gaTenebuli Rameebi; guliT swyuroda Tavisi si-
cocxle zvarakad mietana Cveni qveynis, Cveni mecnierebis
samsxverploze da miitana kidevac.amitomac akademikos paata guguSvilis saxels amkobs
ara zariTa da SexmobiT moTqma-godeba, aramed misi spetakicxovrebis, misi umwikvlo moRvaweobis, misi kacobis dideba.
mravalmxrivi da mravalferovania akademikos guguSvi-
lis mecnieruli, saswavlo da sazogado moRvaweoba. misimecnieruli kvleva exeba ekonomikas, istorias, saxalxomeurneobis istorias, ekonomikuri azris ganviTarebis isto-rias, XIX da XX saukunis dasawyisis saqarTvelosa da amier-kavkasiis ekonomikuri ganviTarebis umniSvnelovanes sakiT-
xebs. exeba sociologias, statistikas, kerZod demografias,finansebsa da kredits, Jurnalistikas, qarTul ekonomikur
terminologias da saerTod, saqarTvelos ekonomikis prob-
lemebs. mas mocemuli aqvs ekonomikuri wyaroebis farTomecnieruli publikacia, gaweuli aqvs nayofieri muSaobamarqsizmis klasikosebis qarTuli Targmanebis redaqtire-
baSi.akad. paata guguSvili friad nayofieri mecnieri mwe-
ralia, mis kalams ekuTvnis aseuli Sroma, aTeuli monog-
29
J. “ekonomisti”, #3, 2015
rafia, wigni da saxelmZRvaneloebi. masTan misi mecnieruliSemoqmedeba sayuradReboa ara marto raodenobis da mocu-
lobis mxriv, ara marto literaturuli gaformebisa da
gamarTulobis mxriv, aramed misi Sinaarsisa da Tvisebis
mxriv. misi Sromebis udidesi nawili exeba sakiTxebs, rom-lebic yamiris viTarebaSi Tvlemdnen da exeba imdenad
siRrmiseulad, fundamenturad, rom am sakiTxebiT dainte-
resebuli mkvlevari maT gverds ver auvlis.paata guguSvili Tavis gamokvlevebSi mudam axlis
ZiebaSi iyo. is yovelTvis axerxebda sagans Sexeboda far-Tod da Rrmad da arsebiT momentebs iWerda iq, sadac erTiSexedviT TiTqos es mosalodneli ar iyo; axerxebda didixniT cnobil ukve gamoyenebul wyaroebSi epova iseTi,romelic manmade SeumCneveli iyo. is werda da laparakobdagamarTulad, mis gadmocemas yovelTvis axasiaTebda Sesas-wavli saganis cxoveli interesi.
paata guguSvilma sasaxelod miiRo monawileoba saer-
TaSoriso kongresebze, rasac adasturebs mravali dadebiTirecenzia sxvadasxva enebze dawerili misi moxsenebebisa da
Sromebis Sesaxeb. amasve metyveleben Cveni gamoCenili
poetebisa da mwerlebis – gogla leoniZisa da konstantinegamsaxurdias maRali Sefasebani.
paata guguSvilma gaamarTla misi maswavleblebis WeS-
mariti korifeebis i. javaxiSvilis, S. gogiCaiSvilis, n.nikolaZis imedebi.
paata guguSvilma Tavisi samecniero pedagogiuri moRva-
weoba daiwyo Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetSi. man
xangrZlivi muSaobis periodSi mravali aseuli maRalkvali-
ficiuri pirovneba moumzada Cvens qveyanas, Cvens saxalxo
meurneobas, umaRles saswavleblebs, moumzada mravali mec-nierebis doqtori da kandidati, profesori.
sruliad gansakuTrebulia da daufasebeli akad. guguS-vilis Rvawli saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa akademiis siste-
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J. “ekonomisti”, #3, 2015
maSi ekonomikis institutis organizacia-daarsebis saqmeSi.gamosaTqmelad metad Znelsa da rTul pirobebSi, sama-
mulo omis dros, rodesac mterma TbilisSi yumbarac Camo-agdo, rodesac mZime ekonomikur viTarebaSi myofi xalxi
soflisaken garboda, Cveni Zvirfasi paata gancxadebebiT
xelSi wlebis manZilze mTavrobis dawesebulebebSi
dadioda da asabuTebda ekonomikis institutis organizmebis
mizanSewonilobas. maSin mas mxaris damWeri ekonomistebi
oriode kaci Tu hyavda, umravlesoba gverdze idga, zogi-erTs kidev sasacilod ar hyofnida im pirobebSi institu-
tis daarsebaze laparaki. magram paata guguSvils aman guliver gautexa. mas amxnevebda ideuroba, misi miznis progre-sulobis Rrma rwmena. man vaJkacurad ibrZola, yvela dabr-koleba gadalaxa da institute daarsda.
institutis direqtorma paata guguSvilma da swavlul-
ma mdivanma akaki kakabaZem institutis muSaobis dawyebis
pirvel dRes qaRaldebi da melani saxlidan moitanes. esinstitute male did organizaciad daerT-erT wamyvan
dawesebulebad gadaiqca akademiis sistemaSi. am institutmamoumzada qveyanas aTeuli doqtori da profesori, aseulikandidati da docenti, aTeuli SromaTa tomi, aseuli sa-Jurnalo statia. man ganaaxla Jurnali "saqarTvelos eko-nomistis" gamocema, institutma danerga mravali winadadebasaxalxo meurneobaSi.
am institutis bazaze Seiqmna sagegmo komitetTan ar-
sebuli saxalxo meurneobis dagegmvis instituti, romelsacgadaeca ekonomikis institutSi kvalficirebuli da gamo-
wvrTnili kadrebis naxevari.S emdeg institute kvlav Seivso
da daemata samarTlis seqtori.paata guguSvili ocdaaT welze met xans xelmZRva-
nelobda ekonomikisa da samarTlis instituts. dReRames iqaTenebda. es institute Zalzed uyvarda, misi winsvlisaTvisarafers iSurebda, guguSvili am instituts arasdros gan-
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J. “ekonomisti”, #3, 2015
Sorebia da Tavisi sicocxlec am insititutSi daamTavra. a/w26 Tebervalis naSuadRevsinfaqtiT gul gaglejili
wamoiyvanes institutidan da amisSemdeg mas arc Tavis
saxli unaxavsda aRarc Tavisi instituti. me da paatamsamocdaoTxi wlis winaT gavicaniT erTmaneT iuniversi-
tetSi. erTad movismineT batoni iv. javaxiSvilis pirvelileqcia da Sin erTad wavediT. gzaSi erTmaneTs vuziarebdiTSTabeWdilebebs, macnobda sakuTar gegmebs, Zalzed aRfrTo-vanebuli, vardis ferebSi, axalgazrduli gatacebiT xatav-
di cxovrebis momavals. magram sinamdvile sxvaa.Zvirfaso paata, ulmobelma cxovrebis Carxis trialma
bevri mware dReebi gagancdevina, sworad savali gzebi bi-
likebad gadagiqcia, eklebiT Semosa, magram Sen vaJkacuradmainc sworad iare, mainc bevri gaakeTe da gegmebis didi
nawili ganaxorciele. am xnis manZilze Cveni megobroba arSewyvetila, ramdenjer Ramis or saaTze dagirekia telefo-niT, xval apireb Tu ara ama da am RonisZiebebze daswrebas
da Tu getyodi ver vaxerxeb, Sen giTqvams: maSin arc me wa-val an girCevia rogorme moaxerxe da wavideTo.
dRes Sen Cveni megobruli piroba daarRvie. pirobis Ta-naxmad XXI saukunis dasawyiss unda Segejamebia XX saukunisviTareba saqarTveloSi, ratom aCqardi paatav, iqamde Tor-metnaxevari weliwadi rCeba. Sen daarRvie meore megobrulipirobac - Cven xom universitetis kursdamTavrebulni yove-li xuTi wlis Tavze suraTs viRebdiT, ukanasknelad aseTisuraTi gadaviReT xuTi wlis winaT da orasi kacidan iq
mxolod xuTia gamosaxuli. wels ivnisSi morigi xuTwledia.ar vici im suraTSi ramdeni iqneboda, magram is vici, romuSenod is suraTic aRar minda da me iq aRarc waval
gadasaRebad, im dRes aq moval da gauwyeb am TariRs.mSvidobiT Cemo dauviwyaro Zmao paatav!
vasil CantlaZe
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J. “ekonomisti”, #3, 2015
P p a a t a g u g u S v i l i
aziuri warmoebis wesi
sazogadoebriv-ekonomiuri formaciebis Sesaxeb ukanas-
kneli wlebis ganmavlobaSi warmoebulma diskusiam ukve
erTgvari gamoxmaureba hpova CvenSiac. sjobia gvian, vinem
arasodes.miT umetes, rom arc ise gvianaa. es sakiTxebi
dRemde wamoadgenen daucxromeli kamaTis sagans, rac imiT
aixsneba, rom Tema ara marto Teoriuli da istoriuli in-
teresis Semcvelia, aramed imave dros metad aqtualur
praqtikul-politikur xasiaTs atarebs, _sxvarigad warmo-
udgenelic aris.
rogorc es cnobilia, sakiTxis pirveli kvanZebi daix-
larTa aRmosavluri qveynebis istoriuli ganviTarebis
problemaTa Seswavlis garSemo, rac gamowveuli iyo safuZ-
velze im revolucionur moZraobaTa mizezebis da pers-
peqtivebis mecnierulad gamokvlevisa, romelic kargaxania
daenTo da romelmac grandiozuli xasiaTi miiRo saerTod
aRmosavleTSi da gansakuTrebiT ki CineTSi, erTis mxriv,
ultra-imperialistur mtacebluri zraxvebis warmomadge-
nel burJuaziuli evropis, amerikis da iaponiis kapitalisa
da, meores mxriv, CineTis mravalmilioniani mSromeli
masebis ekonomikuri da erovnuli Cagvrisagan ganTavisufle-
bisaken ltolvis urTierTTan gadamwyveti Sejaxebis nia-
dagze, romelic mas Semdeg metnaklebis simwvaviT da inten-
sevobiT dRemdec grZeldeba da gagrZeldeba sanam CineTis
proletariati da misi xelmZRvanelobiT amoZravebuli re-
volucionuri glexoba sabolood ar gadaigdebs Tavidan
monobis im uRels, romelic mas imperialistur-burJuazi-
uli dafedalur-saSualo saukuneebrivi eqsploataciis
aTasgvari pirdapiri Tu arapirdapiri, aSkara Tu faruli
formebis saxiT rom awevs.
dRes CineTis revolucionuri proletariati, romelsac
saTaveSi udgas CineTis komunisturi partia, ukve darwmu-
nebulia, rom is saboloo gamarjvebas ver miaRwevs im reaq-
cionur xalxosnuri Teoriis safuZvelze, romelic `CineTis
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J. “ekonomisti”, #3, 2015
revoluciis mamad~ wodebul revolucionur demokrat s u n
- i a t – s e n m a Tavis droze dasaxa misi partiis mTavar
problemad: nacionalizmi, demokratia, sociallizmi da
xuTsafexuriani konstitucia.1) s u n - i a t – s e n s eyofa
damsaxurebad, rom TiTqmis naxevarmiliardiani Cineli
xalxis massa gaanTavisufla 2000 wlis winad f u – g u e x
i s mier ganmtkicebuli `sibrZnis~ monobidan, rom: moqme-
deba _ Znelia, xolo codna ki _ advili. s u n m a Tavisi
moRvaweobiT, romelic gaJRenTili iyo gmiruli, gulwrfe-
li da revolucionuri demokratizmiT, gaacamtvera es dro-
gasuli da sqolastikuri Tqmuleba, romelsac ase didxans
SeeboWa CineTi, _ misi `gegma CineTis gadaxalisebisa~ 2).
dRes CineTis proletariati aSkarad xedavs, rom gza socia-
lizmisaken SeiZleba gakaful iqnas mxolod komunisturi
partiis xelmZRvanelobiT, mxolod da mxolod im meTode-
bisa da principebis safuZvelze, romelic SeimuSaves marqs-
engels-lenin-stalinma.
rogorc ukve vsTqviT, amgvar praqtikul-politikur nia-
dagze formaciebis Sesaxeb warmoSobilma diskusiam imTa-
viTve gacxovelebuli xasiaTi miiRo da TavisTavad cxadia,
rom Tanmimdevari progresiuli formaciebs Soris yvelaze
aqtualuri Seiqna sakiTxi `aziuri warmoebis wesis~ Sesaxeb.
Ddiskusiis pirvel wlebSi Camoyalibda ori mTavari
Sexeduleba. erTni amtkicebdnen, rom `aziuri formacia~ es
sxva araferia, rogorc pirvelyofili formaciao da made-
nad mas aigivebdnen uklaso sazogadoebasTan. meore Sexedu-
leba, romelmac Tavisigamoxatuleba hpova kontr-revo-
lucionur trockizmSi da, agreTve, amx. l. m a d a r i s a
da kidev zogierT sxva sabWoTa istorikosebis SromebSi,
amtkicebda, rom `warmoebis aziuri wesi~ aris savsebiT
damoukidebeli, Taviseburi da sxvebisagan ganxvavebuli
formaciao.
QqvemoT Cven SevecdebiT garkvevas sakiTxisa, Tu rogor
unda iqnas gagebuli marqsizm-leninizmis sazogadoebriv-
ekonomiur formaciebze moZRvrebaSi, e. w. `aziuri warmoebis
wesi~ anu `aziuri formacia~.
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J. “ekonomisti”, #3, 2015
sanam uSualod sakiTxs SevexebodeT, saWiroa winaswar
ramodenime sityva iTqvas formaciebze marqsizmis moZRvre-
bis ganviTarebis Sesaxeb.
dawyebuli 1843-1844 wlebidan vidre 1858-1859 wlamde k. m
a r q s i arsad ar ixsenebs `warmoebis aziur wess~. am
xanebSi m a r q s i s mier daweril TxzulebebSi _ `ger-
manuli ideologia~, `werili anenkovs~, `filosofiis siRa-
take~, `daqiravebuli Sroma da kapitali~, `manifesti~ da
mraval sxvaSi _ Cven saqme gvaqvs umTavresad, Tu mxedvelo-
baSi ar miviRebT `germanul ideologiaSi~ moxsenebul `sa-
kuTrebis pirvandel formas~, romelsac m a r q s i da en-
gelsi uwodebdnen `sagvareulo sakuTrebas, 3) sam forma-
ciasTan. esenia: antikuri, feodaluri da burJuaziuli
sazogadoebriv-ekonomiuri urTierTobani.
am periodis nawerTa Soris k. m a r q s s es Sexeduleba
gansakuTrebiT popularulad aqvs gamoTqmuli `daqiravebul
Sromasa da kapitalSi~: `sazogadoebrivi urTierTobani,
romlebSiac adamianebi warmoebas ewevian, sazogadoebrivi
sawarmoo urTierTobani icvlebian, gardaiqmnebian nivTier
sawarmoo saSualebaTa sawarmoo ZalTa cvlilebasa da gan-
viTarebasTan. sawarmoo urTierTobani erToblivad Sead-
genen imas, rasac sazogadoebriv urTierTobaT, sazogado-
ebas uwodeben; mxolod ganviTarebis gansazRvrul isto-
riul safexurze myof sazogadoebas, Taviseburi, gansxvave-
buli xasiaTis mqone sazogadoebas. aseT sawarmoo urTier-
TobaTa erTobliobas warmoadgens a n t i u r i sazoga-
doeba, f e o d a l u r i sazogadoeba, b u r J u a z i u
l i sazogadoeba, da TiToeuli es sazogadoeba warmoad-
gens amasTanave ganviTarebis gansakuTrebul safexurs ka-
cobriobis istoriaSi~.
zemoT me aRvniSne, rom 1859 wlamde m a r q s i ar ixse-
niebda `aziuri warmoebis wess~. Aaxla ki aq unda davsZinoT,
rom ufro adre, saxeldobr, 1853 wlis 1 ivniss e n g e l s
i s a d m i gagzavnili misi kerZo werilidan sCans, rom m
35
J. “ekonomisti”, #3, 2015
a r q s i misTvis Cveuli energiiT swavlobs aRmosavleTis
xalxTa, gansakuTrebiT, indoeTisa da CineTis sazogadoeb-
rivi ganviTarebis istorias. xsenebul werilSi m a r q s i
swers:
`aRmosavleTis qalaqTa aRorZinebis Sesaxeb yvelaze
brwyinvale SesaniSnav da aSkarad dasanax daxasiaTebas iZ-
leva moxuci f r a n s u a b e r n i e, romelic cxra we-
liwadi iyo eqimad aurengzebesTan. (f r a n s u a b e r n i
e _ `mogzauroba, romelic Seicavs aRweras saxelmwifosi
didi mogolisa da sxv.~). igi Zalian kargad agviwers, Tu
rogor ewyoboda am uzarmazari jarebis momarageba da saer-
Tod ra mdgomareobaSi iyo samxedro saqme, is sxvaTa Soris
ambobs: `laSqris guls Seadgens cxenosnoba, qveiTi jari
ise mravalricxovani araa,rogorc amboben, Tu namdvil
molaSqreT ar SeurevT mosamsaxureebsa da vaWrebs, romle-
bic Tan dayvebian xolme jars, yvelas Tu CavTvliT, maSin
saerTo jamSi, romelic mTavarTan erTad iZvris xolme,
SeiZleba iqnes 200.000-dan 300.000 kacamde; xandisxan metic
iqneba, es im SemTxvevaSi, Tu gadawyvetilia, rom mTavari
didi xniT stovebs deda qalaqs. Ees SeuZleblad ar moeCve-
neba imas, vinc icis es uangariSo, ulevi karavi, samzareu-
lo, jogi, sxvadasxva qoneba, xSirad qalebic, maSasadame,
spiloebi, aqlemebi, xarebi, cxenebi, muSebi, moijadrageni da
mosamsaxureni, movaWreni, romelnic Tan misdeven ukan jars:
es ar gaukvirdeba imas, vinc icnobs qveynis Tavisebur
wyobilebas da mis mTavrobas, vinc icis, rom mTavari
erTad-erTi mesakuTrea saxelmwifos mTeli bernieqalaqi,
mag. Ddeli anu agara gansakuTrebiT jariT cxovrobs da
iZulebulia gayves mTavars, roca igi mogzaurobs xolme
Tavis qveyanaSi~.
Dda Semdeg m a r q s i am werilis dasasruls dasZens:
`yvela saadgilmamulo urTierTobis safuZvels aRmosav-
leTSi is (bernie, hgulisxmobs osmaleTs, sparseTs, indo-
eTs) sruliad samarTlianad xedavs imaSi, rom iq ar aris
miwaze kerZo sakuTreba. ai namdvili gasaRebi aRmosavleTis
cisaTvis~ (kursivi Cvenia _ p. g.).
36
J. “ekonomisti”, #3, 2015
fr. e n g e l s i ki Tavis sapasuxo werilSi, 6 ivniss
imave 1835 w. swers:
`miwaze kerZo sakuTrebis ar arseboba marTlac gasa-
Rebia mTeli aRmosavleTisaTvis. amaSi mdgomareobs mTeli
politikuri da sarwmunoebrivi istoria. magram riTi avxs-
naT, rom aRmosavleTis xalxni ver mividnen kerZo sakuTre-
bamdis, ver miaRwies feodalur sakuTrebamdec-ki?~ da Tvi-
Tonve iZleva pasuxs: `me mgonia umTavresi mizezia hava da
niadagis Tviseba, gansakuTrebiT Tu miviRebT mxedvelobaSi
udabnoTa did zols, romelicgrZeldeba saxaridan
moyolebuli arabeTiT, sparseTiT, indoeTiT da saTaTreTiT
aziis udides mTa-zeganamde. aq miwaTmoqmedebismTavari
pirobaa xelovnuri morwyva. es ki an Temis saqmea, an
saolqo mmarTvelobisa, an kidev centraluri mTavrobisa...
Tavisufalma metoqeobam iq sruliad Seircxvina Tavi. miwa
iq xelovnurad noyierdeba. amitom im SemTxvevaSi, Tu
wyalsadeni fuWdeba, miwaTmoqmedebac iRupeba, amiT aixsneba
is sayuradRebo faqti, rom mTeli olqebi, winad SesaniS-
navad damuSavebulni, dRes gaveranebuli da gapartaxebulia
(mag., palmira, petra, himenis nangrevni, egviptis adgilebi,
sparseTi da indoeTi). amiT aixsneba is movlenac, rom sak-
maoa erTi ganmanadgurebeli omi, raTa mTeli qveyana daca-
lierdes da saukuneebiT gavelurdes. Cemis azriT, amave mov-
lenaTa ricxvs ekuTvnis agreTve samxreT arabeTis vaWrobis
mospobac mahmadamde, rasac Sen sruliad samarTlianad sTv-
li mahmadianuri revoluciis umTavres momentad~.
amgvarad, rogorc sCans, m a r q s i s a da e n g e l s
i s mier erTmaneTisaTvis miwerili k e r Z o xasiaTis
werilebi naTelyofen im muSaobas, romelic maT am mxriv
uwarmoebiaT, da agreTve maTi, am sakiTxze, Sexedulebis
Camoyalibebis gzebsac. umTavresi ram, TiTqmis ukve Tqmulia
am werilebSi. xolo aqedan dawyebuli, ramodenime wlis Sem-
deg k. m a r q s i ukve sajaroT aqveynebs Tavis Sexedule-
bebs aRmosavleTze. aziuri qveynebis ganvitarebis Tavisebu-
rebaze, garda Cven mier moyvanili adgilebisa, marq-engelsis
nawerebidan kidev mravali adgilebis aRniSvna da dasaxe-
37
J. “ekonomisti”, #3, 2015
leba SeiZleba am sakiTxze, sadac isini aRiareben, xazs
usvamen da aRniSnaven aziis qveynebis TaviseburebaT 4).
rogorc cnobilia, k. m a r q s m a pirvelad es sakiTxi
naTlad da yvelasTvis gasagebad wamoayena ukve mxolod
1859 wels, Tavis TxzulebaSi `politikuri ekonomiis kriti-
kisaTvis~, romlis winasityvaobaSi vkiTxulobT: farTo
moxazulobiT SesaZlebelia aziur, antikur, feodalur da
Tanamedrove burJuaziul warmoebis wess ekonomiuri
sazogadoebrivi formaciis progresiuli epoqebi ewodos~.
Semdeg ukve igive azrebi ganviTarebulia `kapitalis~
yvela tomebSi: `yoveli winakapitalisturi warmoebis dros
mevaxSe TamaSobs revolucionur rols, mxolod imdenad
ramdenadac is angrevs da anadgurebs formebs sakuTrebisa,
romelTa myar bazisze da erTsa da imave formaSi Seuwyve-
tel xelaxla warmoebaze damyarebulia qveynis politikuri
wyobileba. a z i u r i formebis dros mevaxSeobas SeuZ-
lia iarsebos Zlier didxans, ar gamoiwvevs ra sxva raimes,
garda ekonomiuri dacemisa da politikuri korupciisa~ 5).
`monaTmflobelur urTierTobaSi, batonymur urTierTo-
baSi, moxarkeobis urTierTobaSi (e. i. aziur urTierTobaSi
_ p. g.) ( ramdenadac primitiul Temebs miviRebT mxedvelo-
baSi) produqtis mimTvisebeli da, maSasadame, gamyidveli
aris monaTmflobeli, feodaluri mebatone, xarkis mimRebi
saxelmwifo~; Semdeg: `aRniSnul warmoebis wesTa arsebobis
dros zedmeti produqtis mTavari mflobelni, romlebTanac
vaWars saqme aqvs, _ monaTmflobeli, feodaluri mebatone,
saxelmwifo (magal., aRmosavleTis despoti), _ momxmarebel
simdidres warmoadgenen~ 6).
indoeTis da saerTod aziuri xalxebis istoriuli gan-
viTarebis TaviseburebaTa pirobebisa da mizezebis daxasia-
TebaTagan, romelsac iZlevian m a r q s i da e n g e l s i
SeiZleba kidev moyvanil iqnas Semdegi adgilebi:
`wylis miwodebis mowesrigeba erT-erTi nivTieri safuZ-
veli iyo saxelmwifoebrivi xelisuflebis, romelic vrcel-
deboda indoeTis wvril da urTierTSoris kavSirs mokle-
bul sawarmoo organizmebze. indoeTis mahmadian mbrZaneb-
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J. “ekonomisti”, #3, 2015
lebs es ufro kargad esmodaT, vidre maT `inglisel mem-
kvidreebs~, xolo amave gverdze `kapitalisa~ m a r q s i
akeTebs SeniSvnas, romelsac Semdeg ukuRmarTuli daskvne-
bis gamoyvanis dros araerTxel ubrundeba p l e x a n o v
i c: `im aucileblobam rom unda gamoeangariSnaT nilosis
wyaldidobis periodebi, Sehqmna egvipturi astronomia da
masTanave mogvca qurumTa kastis, rogorc miwaTmoqmedebis
xelmZRvanelis batonoba 7).
fr. e n g e l s i `antidiuringSi~ swerda: `mTel
aRmosavleTSi, sadac miwis mesakuTre an Temia an saxelm-
wifo, enas aklia TviT sityva memamule, amis Sesaxeb baton
d i u r i n g s SeuZlia cnoba miiRos ingliseli iuriste-
bisagan, romelnic indoeTSi... amaod itexdnen Tavs kiTxvis
gamosarkvevad _ vin aris mamulis mesakuTreo... aRmosav-
leTSi pirvelad Turqebma SemoiRes maT mier dapyrobil
qveynebSi erTgvari miwaTmflobeluri feodalizmi~ 8).
vfiqrob meti amonawerebis moyvana saWiro ar aris, rom
CvenTvis naTeli gaxdes is garkveuli Sexeduleba, romelic
am mxriv m a r q s m a da engelsma gamoimuSaves _ maSin-
deli istoriografiaSi aRmosavleTis mcodneobis safuZve-
lze.
zedmeti ar iqneba aqve aRiniSnos, rom g. p l e x a n o
v m a dogmatiurad gamoiyena Sexeduleba `warmoebis aziur
wesze~, ramac mas Tavis ganTqmul SromaSi _ `marqsizmis
ZiriTadi sakiTxebi~ _ `saSualeba misca~, e. w. geografiuli
materializmis safuZvlebze Semdgariyo da r a t c e l i
s Teoria gaemarTlebia. plexanovs moyavs ra citati `po-
lit. ekonom. kritikis~ winasityvaobidan, swers:
`aq Cvens winaSea namdvili, _ da amave dros w m i n d a
m a t e r i a l i s t u r i, _ `algebra~ sazogadoebrivi
ganviTarebisa. am algebraSi aris adgili, rogorc `naxto-
mebisaTvis~, _ socialur revoluciaTa epoqebisaTvis, _ ase-
ve TandaTani cvlilebaTaTvia. nivTTa mocemuli wesis Tvi-
sebebSi TandaTani raodenobiTi cvlilebebs mivyavarT, da-
39
J. “ekonomisti”, #3, 2015
sasrul Tvisobriv cvlilebebisaken, e. i. warmoebis Zveli
wesis, _ anda rogorc aq m a r q s i gamosTqvams _ Zveli
sazogadoebrivi formaciis dacemisaken da misi axaliT
Secvlisaken. Tanaxmad m a r q s i s SeniSvnisa aRmosavle-
Tis, antikuri, feodaluri da Cveni Tanamedrove burJuaziu-
li wesebi warmoebisa, SeiZleba ganxilul iqnan, farTo
moxazulobiT, rogorc Tanmimdevari (`progresiuli~) epoqe-
bi sazogadoebis ekonomiuri ganviTarebisa; magram unda vi-
fiqroT, rom rodesac m a r q s i SemdegSi gaecno m o r g
a n i s wigns pirvelyofil sazogadoebaze, maSin man, al-
baT, Seicvala Tavisi Sexeduleba antikuri warmoebis wesis
aRmosavleTuri warmoebis wesisadmi mimarTebaSi; da namdvi-
ladac, feodaluri warmoebis wesis ekonomiuri ganviTa-
rebis logikam migviyvana socialur revoluciamde, rome-
lic dagvirgvinda kapitalizmis zeimiT, magram CineTis anu
Zveli egviptis ekonomiuri ganviTarebis logikas savsebiTac
ar mivyevarT antikuri warmoebis wesiswarmoSobisaken.
pirvel SemTxvevaSi laparakia ganviTarebis or fazaze,
romelSiac erTi mosdevs meores da iqmneba misgan, meore
SemTxvevaSi ki Cven gvaqvs ori paralelurad arsebuli
tipebi ekonomiuri ganviTarebisa.
antikur sazogadoebam Sescvala sazogadoebis sagvareu-
lo organizacia da igive organizacia iyo winamsrboli
aRmosavleTuri sazogadoebrivi wyobis warmoSobisa.
ekonomiuri wyobis TiToeuli am ori tipTagani Sedegi iyo
sawarmoo ZalTa im ganviTarebisa, romelic warmoebda sagva-
reulo organizaciis wiaRSi da romelsac, bolos da bo-
los aucileblobiT unda gamoewvia misi gaxrwna, da Tu es
ori tipi metad mniSvnelovnad gansxvavdebodnen erTmaneTi-
sagan, maTi mTavari ganmasxvavebeli niSnebi Camoyalibdnen
geografiuli garemos gavlenis qveS, romelic sawarmoo
ZalTa zrdis garkveul safexuramde miRweul sazogadoebas
erT SemTxvevaSi windawin karnaxobs sawarmoo urTierTo-
baTa erT erToblivobas, xolo meoreSi _ meores, romelic
metad gansxvavdeba pirvelisagan~.
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J. “ekonomisti”, #3, 2015
rogorc vxedavT p l e x a n o v s `warmoebis aziuri
wesi~, `aRmosavleTuri sazogadoebrivi wyoba~ anu `aziuri
formacia~ miaCnia gansakuTrebul sawarmoo urTierTobaT,
romelic rogorc antikuri formacia warmoiSva sagvareulo
sazogadoebis wiaRidan, e. i. pirvelyofili formaciis ganvi-
Tarebis Sedegad da amasTanave p l e x a n o v i s Sexe-
dulebiT sawarmoo urTierTobis es ori tipi, e. i. antikuri
da aziuri formaciebi Tu didaT gansxvavdebian erTmaneTi-
sagan, es aris mizezi im geografiul garemos gavlenisa,
romelSiac viTardeboda TiToeuli maTgani, radgan pirvel
SemTxvevaSi geografiuli garemo `windawin karnaxobs sawar-
moo urTierTobaTa erT erToblivobas, xolo meoreSi _
meores, (e. i. antikurs) romelic metad gansxvavdeba pirve-
lisagan~ (e. i. aziuri urTierTobisagan~9).
amgvarad, sawarmoo urTierTobis CamoyalibebaSi p l e x
a n o v i primats geografiul faqtorebs aniWebs. cnobis
moyvareobis aRmZvrelia, rom h e g e l i s `leqciebs
istoriis filosofiaze~, rodesac ukanaskneli specialurad
Cerdeba `msoflioistoriis geWografiul safuZvelze~
(`Geographishe Grundlage der Weltgechichte~),v. l e n i n i
SeniSnavs,rom es `damaxasiaTebeli saTauriao~; iq, sadac
imave Tavis pirvel gverdze h e g e l i swers _ `bunebas ar
SeiZleba mivsceT arc metad maRali da arc metad dabali
Sefaseba; ioniis uxvi ca, ueWvelia bevr rameSi xels uw-
yobda h o m e r o s i s poeziis simSvenieres, Tumca mxo-
lod marto mas ar SeeZlo warmoeSva homerosebi, igive ca
maT warmoSobs agreTve ara yovelTvis. osmalTa batonobis
qveS ar Cndebian mgosnebi~, _ swored aq l e n i n i
ixsenebs p l e x a n o v s, 10), romelsac notabeneTi aRniS-
navs, da adarebs h e g e l s, romelsac, am mxriv, aSkarad
Sors gauswro r a t c e l i s gavlenis qveS moyolil p
l e x a n o v m a.
rac Seexeba Tanamedrove social-faSizmis Teoretikoss
k. k a u c k i s `warmoebis aziuri wesi~ mas 1878 w. miaCnda
urTierTobis gansakuTrebul formad, xolo 1912 wels g. s
a l v i o l i s cnobili wignis _ `kapitalizmi antiur
41
J. “ekonomisti”, #3, 2015
qveyanaSi~ _ frangulidan, misi Svilis karlos mier
Sesrulebuli germanuli Targmanis gamocemas mama karl k a
u c k i m waurTo winasityvaoba sazogadoebrivi formacie-
bis, ukeT vsTqvaT istoriuli ganviTarebis kanonzomierebis
Sesaxeb.
Aam werilSi k. kaucki iZleva Semdegnair periodizacias:
`yvelaze ufro adrindel wesad warmoebisa marqss miaCnia
pirvelyofili komunizmi~.. am formaciis p Semdgom, maRal
safexurs ganviTarebisa, misi dacemis Semdeg istoria TiT-
qmis xelaxla Tavidan, isev primitiuli mdgomareobidan iw-
yeba, Semdeg am formaciebs, k a u c k i s periodizaciiT
mosdevs axali meurneuli elementi, romelic gvevlineba
mxolod samxreT evropaSi mexuTmete saukunis dasawyisidan,
rodesac ukanasknelisaTvis dadga epoqa pirvandeli dagro-
vebisa; am niadagze ki samxreTis saxelmwifoebi, atlantikis
sanapiroebos gaswvriv, Sesafer garemoebaTa xelsayreli
Tanxvdomis wyalobiT, mividnen iqamde, rom mosaxleobis
umravlesoba proletarizaciidan da did simdidreTa mci-
reodenTa xelSi koncentraciidan, msoflio kavSiris (mimos-
vlis) erTdrouli ganviTarebasTan erTad, ganaviTares
axali wesi warmoebisa _ kapitalizmi 11).
Aamgvarad, am werilSi naxsenebic ar aris `aziuri wesi
warmoebisa~; meores mxriv, aqve unda aRiniSnos, rom k a u c
k i jer kidev am werilis daweris drosac `akritikebs~ ra k
a r l b i u x e r i s `herostratesebur-ganTqmul~ sqemas
meurneuli cxovrebis ganviTarebisa, 12), reveransebs akeTebs
k. b i u x e r i s winaSe; xolo zedmetia laparaki imaze,
rom Tavis ukanasknel sensaciur ortomian naSromSi13), k. k a
u c k i ukve aSkarad savsebiT ayalbebs da amaxinjebs
marqsizmis moZRvrebas istoriuli ganviTarebis kanonzomie-
rebaze da ekonomiur formaciebze. k a u c k i axla aRia-
rebs `aziur formacias~, rogorc iseT wess warmoebisa,
romlis msgavsi ar axsovs evropis xalxebis istoriul
ganviTarebas da amgvaradmisi pozicia Sexmatkbilebulia
evropis imperializmis kolonalur politikasTan aRmosav-
leTSi, romlis Teoretikosi _ m a k d o n a l d i s
42
J. “ekonomisti”, #3, 2015
`gagrZeleba~ _ g a n d i, am politikas asabuTebs aRmosav-
leTis xalxTa (indoeTi, CineTi) Taviseburi, evropis xal-
xTa sazogadoebrivi ganviTarebisagan gansxvavebuli, mdgoma-
reobiT; es is poziciaa, ramac k a u c k i evropis da ame-
rikis imperializmis mtacebluri politikis gasamarTleb-
lad mogonili rasobrivi Teoriis aRiarebamde miyvana.
rogorc cnobilia, dRevandeli saxiT, rasobrivi Teo-
riis, biufoni, peSeli, martoni, krafordi, graf gobino da
sxv. _ Sinaarsi imaSi mdgomareobs, TiTqos: 1) rasiul (fizi-
kur) Tvisebebs gadamwyveti mniSvneloba aqvs adamianTa jgu-
febis kulturul ganviTarebaSi; 2) ganasxvaveben `maRal~
bunebrivad ufro dajildoebul gonebrivi ganviTarebis
unarian rasebs da `dabal~ rasebs, romlebsac an savsebiT
ar aqvT gonebrivi ganviTarebis unari, anda _ umniSvnelo
xarisxiT; 3) rasis ZiriTadi Tvisebani ar icvlebian da ar
arian damokidebulni arc socialur-ekonomiur pirobebTan
da arc geografiul garemosagan. rasobriv TeoriasTan
dakavSirebulia agreTve, e.w. `migraciis Teoriac~ (r a t c e
l i da sxvebi), romlis Tanaxmad, Tanamedrove adamianis wi-
naparTa naSTebi, romlebic dRes rekonstruirebulia
pikantropusis, Cinantropusis, haidelbergelis, neanderta-
lelis da kormanoneli adamianebis saxiT da, romlebic
adamianTa modgmis Tanmimdevruli ganviTarebis sxvadasxva
safexuris warmomadgenlebia, ganixileba, rogorc sxva-
dasxva rasebi, romelTa migraciebis dros erTimeoris dapy-
robiT da ganadgurebiT miiReba zemoxsenebuli `ganviTa-
reba~. Aam Teoriebis reaqcionuri da imperialisturi xasia-
Ti imdenad aSkaraa, rom ganmartebasac ar saWiroebs.
axla saWiroa SevCerdeT amx. l. m a d i a r i s da sxva
misi mombaZveli meqanistebis koncepciaze `aziuri warmoebis
wesis~ sakiTxis Sesaxeb. l. m a d i a r i ukanasknel xanebSi
warmoebuli diskusiebis procesSi aSkarad gamoeyo, rogorc
erTgvari meTauri da `Teoretikosi~ warmoebis `aziuri we-
sis~, rogorc gansakuTrebuli formaciis damcvelTa Soris.
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J. “ekonomisti”, #3, 2015
amx. l. m a d i a r m a Tavis mTel rig SromebSi
CineTis ekonomikis ganviTarebis Sesaxeb da agreTve sazo-
gadoebriv ekonomiur formaciebze daweril gamokvlevebSi,
saboloo angariSiT, Camoayaliba Tavisi koncepcia `aziuri
formaciis~ dasacavad, romelic mis mier agrarul sakiTxze
momuSave marqsistTa konferenciaze wakiTxuli moxsenebis
mixedviT Semdegnairad warmogvidgeba:
aziuri warmoebis wesi, e. i. aziuri formacia warmoiSoba
da viTardeba iq, 1) sadac miwaTmoqmedebisaTvis pirvel
aucilebel pirobas warmoadgens xelovnuri morwyva, ase
rom geografiuli faqtoris gadamwyveti mniSvneloba udaoa;
2) klasobrivi sazogadoebis warmoSoba dakavSirebulia
xelovnuri morwyvis organizaciis aucileblobasTan. Temis
msaxurni _ sagvareulo iyo is, sasoflo, Tu religiozuri
_ romlebic asrulebdnen morwyvis organizaciis funqciebs,
ganviTarebaTa msvlelobaSi yalibdebian gabatonebul
klasad, romelic Cagravs da yvlefs Tems an gvars, iTvisebs
ra uSualo mwarmoebelTa zedmet Sromas; 3) miwaze kerZo
sakuTrebis ar arseboba warmoadgens aziuri warmoebis we-
sis umniSvnelovanes damaxasiaTebel niSans. saxelmwifo
aris uzenaesi mesakuTre miwisa; suvereniteti aq _ samiwo
sakuTrebaa, romelic koncentraciaqmnilia nacionaluri
masStabiT. ar arsebobs miwis kerZo sakuTreba. Tumca arse-
bobs, rogorc kerZo, ise Temuri mflobeloba da sargeb-
loba miwisa; 4) zedmeti Sromis miTviseba xdeba renta-xar-
kis saxiT. renta da xarki gaTqvefilia erTmaneTSi; 5) aziu-
ri warmoebis wesis dros saxelmwifo formas warmoadgens
aRmosavluri despotia.
aseve an TiTqmis savsebiT aseve svams sakiTxs `aziuri
formaciis~ meore damcveli b e r i n i c, rodesac igi
laparakobs rom `mTeli saqme emyareba bunebriv pirobebs,
ufro sworad imas, rom miwaTmoqmedeba morwyvis gareSe azi-
is umravles qveynebSi SeuZlebelia~. saerTo xazebSi asset-
save Sexedulebas icaven m a d i a r i s mowafeebi k o k i n
i, p a p a i a n i da sxvebic, ris gamoc maT amoweras Cven aq
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J. “ekonomisti”, #3, 2015
ar SevudgebiT; mxolod davsZenT rom yvela isini erTxmad,
l. madiaris piriT, acxadeben:
`Нет никакого сомнения в том, что, по мнению М а р к с а, в Китаеколониальная политика разрушила именно экономическую основуазиатского производства. Нет никакого сомнения в том, что такиегиганты марксистской мысли, как Л е н и н и П л е х а н о в, не толькопризнавали существование азиатского способа производства но, как мыувидим ниже, развили Марксово учение о нем~.`qvemod~ ki Cven vxedavT yovelgvari faqtiuri, konkre-
tuli istoriuli masalebis gareSe, _ Tu mxedvelobaSi ar
miviRebT k o k i n i s wigns (`czin-tian~), romelsac xSirad
TviT m a d i a r i c ar eTanxmeba, _ Cven mier zemod moyva-
nil sqemas aRmosavleTis sazogadoebisaTvis damaxasiaTebe-
li niSnebisa, romelic amx. m a d i a r m a `Camoayaliba~ m
a r q s i s a da e n g e l s i s TxzulebaTagan dogmatiu-
rad da amdenadve damaxinjebulad amoglejili citatebis
safuZvelze.
rogorc vxedavT aziuri formaciis damcvelebi cdilo-
ben es azri Tavze moaxvion p le x a n o v s a da l e n i n
s. Cven zemod vnaxeT, rom plexanovi marTlac idga am Tval-
sazrisze; xolo axla aq unda vaCvenoT, rom lenins arsad
da arasodes ar gauziarebia is azri, rom CineTSi da indo-
eTSi Cven saqme gvaqvs aziur formaciasTan, _ urTierTo-
basTan, romelic ucnobia evropis xalxTa istoriaSi.
unda aRiniSnos, rom `aziuri formaciis~ damcvelebi
erTxmad miuTiTeben l e n i n i s sityvaze, romelic war-
moTqmul iqna stokholmis yrilobaze ruseTis s.-d. m. par-
tiisa. aq p l e x a n o v m a gailaSqra l e n i n i s mier
warmodgenili miwis nacionalizaciis proeqtis winaaRmdeg.
p l e x a n o v i amtkicebda, rom l e n i n i s proeqtis
ganxorcieleba es iqneboda petres-winadroindeli ruseTis
mdgomareobis aRdgena, rodesac iyo gabatonebuli aziuri
warmoebis wesi (rogorc cnobilia p l e x a n o v i Tavis
cnobil TxzulebaSic _ `rusuli sazogadoebrivi azris
ganviTareba~ _ amtkicebs, rom ruseTSi iyo aziuri warmoe-
bis wesi).
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J. “ekonomisti”, #3, 2015
imave yrilobaze p l e x a n o v i s winaaRmdeg gamo-
suli l e n i n i laparakobda: `dauSvaT erTi wuTiT, rom
moskovis petres-winadroindel ruseTSi, me-XVII saukuneSi
namdvilad arsebobda miwis nacionalizacia, ra gamomdina-
reobs aqedan? g. p l e x a n o v i s logikiT aqedan
gamomdinareobs, rom nacionalizaciis gatareba niSnavs xe-
lis Sewyobas moskovis droindeli ruseTis restavracii-
saTvis, magram aseTi logika _ saxeldobr sofizmia da ara
logika, anu sityvebis TamaSia, movlenaTa ekonomiuri safuZ-
vlis anu cnebis ekonomiuri Sinaarsis gareSe. ramdenadac
moskovis ruseTSi iyo (anu: Tu moskovis ruseTSi iyo) miwis
nacionalizacia, imdenadac misi ekonomiuri s a f u Z v e l
i i y o a z i u r i w a r m o e b i s w e s i. amave
dros, ruseTSi me-XIX saukunis meore naxevridan ganmtkicda,
xolo me-XX saukuneSi ukve udaod gabatonebuli Seiqna war-
moebis kapitalisturi wesi. raRa darCa plexanovis mtkice-
bidan? nacionalizacia, romelic dafuZnebulia warmoebis
aziur wesze, man auria nacionalizaciaSi, romelic dafuZ-
nebulia warmoebis kapitalistur wesze: sityvaTa igiveobis
gamo man mxedvelobidan gauSva ekonomiuri, saxeldobr sa-
warmoo urTierTobaTa gansxvaveba~ 14).
ra gamomdinareobs aqedan, romelsac ase Caacivden `aziu-
ri formaciis~ damcveli meqanistebi da kontrrevolu-
cionuri trockistebi? l e n i n i aq, rogorc sCans, mxo-
lod imas amtkicebs rom p l e x a n o v m a zemoxsenebul
sakiTxSi dauSva metad uxeSi Secdoma. l e n i n i s sity-
vis zemod moyvanili adgilis mTeli Sinaarsi, Tavidan bo-
lomde mxolod uaryofaa p l e x a n o v i s absurduli
debulebisa da meti araferi. aqedan araviTar SemTxvevaSi
ar SeiZleba im azris gamoyvana, rom TiTqos Ll e n i n i
icavda `aziuri warmoebis wesis~ arsebobas da isicru-
seTSi, romlis feodaluri ganviTarebis Sesaxeb mas ara
erTgan aqvs gamoTqmuli Tavisi mtkice azri. amisaTvis sakma-
risia Tundac zerele gadaTvaliereba leninis romelime
Txzulebisa, mag., `kapitalizmis ganviTareba ruseTSi~, sa-
dac naTladaa damtkicebuli, konkretuli masalebis
46
J. “ekonomisti”, #3, 2015
analizze, rom ruseTSi kapitalizmi ganviTarda feodaliz-
mis, e. i. batonymobis niadagze, xolo ukanaskneli warmoiSva
patriarqaluri (pirvelyofili) urTierTobidan. amitom `ru-
seTSi am mxriT kapitalizmis progrsiuloba gansakuTrebiT
aSkaraa, radgan CvenSi mwarmoeblis piradi damokidebuleba
(e. i. batonymoba _ p. g.) arsebobda (ramodenimed dResac
arsebobs) ara marto miwaTmoqmedebaSi, aramed gadammuSave-
bel mrewvelobaSiac (batonymur Sromaze damyarebuli `fab-
rikebi~), samTo-saqarxno mrewvelobaSiac da Tevzis mrewve-
lobaSiac da sxv; _ swers lenini Tavis am TxzulebaSi 15).
magram miuxedavad amisa l e n i n i Tu mainc lapa-
rakobs `aziuri warmoebis wesze~ ruseTSi es mxolod imas
niSnavs, rom mis terminologiaSi aziuri warmoebis wesi
gaigivebulia feodalur formaciasTan; da rom es asea Cven
amaSi axlave davrwmundebiT. Cven qvemod davinaxavT, rom l
e n i n i xSirad xmarobs cnebas `aziuri warmoebis wesi~,
`aziuri sazogadoeba~, `aziuri eqsploatacia~ da misTanebs,
magram yovelTvis, rogorc wesi igi mis mier ganixileba
rogorc batonymuri, feodaluri urTierTobis sinonimi.
ase magaliTad, 1911 wels l e o n t o l s t o i s
Sesaxeb v. lenini swerda, rom tolstois msoflmxedveloba
es aris `aRmosavluri wyobilebis, aziuri wyobilebis
ideologia, rom is aris `mxolod ideologiuri gadmona-
Suqi Zveli (`gadatrialebuli~) wyobilebisa, batonymuri
wyobilebisa, aRmosavleTis xalxTa cxovrebis wyobilebisa~16).
kidev ufro gvian, 1913 wels daweril werilSi _ `Tana-
medrove xelisuflebis agrarul politikis Sesaxeb~ _ l e
n i n i swerda: `es ar aris kapitalizmi, es araa evropuli
wesi meurneobisa...ara, es savsebiT ar aris evropiulad. es
arisNZvel-Cinuri. es aris TaTruli, es aris batonymuri~.Aaq
ukve ase naTladaa Tqmuli, rom `evropuli wesi~ es aris ka-
pitalisturi, xolo is gadmonaSTebi, rac batonobda maSin-
del ruseTSi _ es aris Cinuri, TaTruli, e. i. aziuri, e. i.
batonymuri anu feodaluri17. ise rogorc zemodac, t o l s
t o i s Sesaxeb werilSi, l e n i n i laparakobs or
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J. “ekonomisti”, #3, 2015
ekonomiur urTierTobaze: kapitalisturze, e. i. evropulze
da feodalurze, e. i. aRmosavlurze anu aziurze _ rac
gamoxatavda maSindel msoflios: kapitalistur evropas da
feodalur azias.
magram axla sainteresoa vikiTxoT, Tu ra azris iyo l e
n i n i, kerZod TviT CineTis xalxis mier Tavis istoriuli
ganviTarebis procesSi ganvlili sawarmoo urTierTobis
Sesaxeb.
1912 wlis ivliss l e n i n i Tavis werilSi, `demok-
ratia da xalxosnoba CineTSi~, swerda: `o b i e q t u r i
pirobebi, CineTisa, CamorCenili, miwaTmoqmeduri, naxevrad-
feodaluri qveynisa, dRis wesrigze svamen am TiTqmis na-
xevarmiliardiani xalxis cxovrebaSi mxolod erT garkve-
ul, istoriulad Tavisebur saxeobas am Cagvrisa da
eqsploataciisa, saxeldobr feodalizmisa. feodalizmi
emyareboda miwaTmoqmeduri yofierebisa da naturaluri
meurneobis batonobaze: Cineli glexis feodaluri
eqsploataciis wyaro iyo misi ama Tu im formiT miwaze
mimagreba. am eqsploataciis politikuri gamomxatvelni
iyvnen feodalebi, yvelani erTad da yoveli cal-calke
bogdixanTan, rogorc sistemis meTaurTan, erTad~.
imave werilSi, s u n – i a t – s e n i s agraruli
politikis Sesaxeb, l e n i n i swers: `rogor ekonomiur
aucileblobam gamoiwvia aziis erT-erT yvelaze CamorCenil
glexur qveyanaSi gavrceleba yvelaze mowinave burJuaziul-
demokratiuli programisa miwis mimarT?~ da iqve upasuxebs:
`aucileblobam feodalizmis dangrevisa yvela mis saxeebSi
da gamovlinebebSi~18).
gana amis Semdeg naTeli ar aris, rom l e n i n i `azi-
ur sazogadoebas~, `aziur warmoebis wess~, `Cinur meurneo-
bas~ ganixilavs rogorc daxasiaTebas CamorCenili feoda-
luri urTierTobisa? l e n i n i pirdapir swrs, rom CineT-
Si gabatonebuli iyo batonymuri eqsploatacia, raic damya-
rebuli iyo glexebis miwaze mimagrebaze; es xom feodaluri
eqsploataciis specifikuri damaxasiaTebeli movlenaa, rome-
lic ganviTarebis garkveul periodSi gabatonebuli iyo
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J. “ekonomisti”, #3, 2015
rogorc safrangeTSi, ise germaniaSi, rogorc inglisSi, ise
ruseTSi, rogorc iaponiaSi, ise CineTSi da romelic evro-
paSi ufro adre moispo, vinem aziaSi, sadac is kidev did-
xans rCeba. swored amitom l e n i n i xSirad kapitalis-
turi warmoebis wesis sinonimad xmarobs evropiuls, dasav-
leTurs, xolo feodalurisaTvis – ki aziurs, Cinurs, TaT-
ruls. magaliTad: `aRmosavleTi sabolood Sesdga dasav-
leTis gzazeo~, _ swers lenini, CineTis kapitalisturi
ganviTarebisa da aqedan gamomdinare CineTis muSaTa klasis
amoZravebis Sesaxeb. anda kidev: `ruseTi friad mraval da
metad arsebiT urTierTobaSi, ueWvelad warmoadgens erT-
erT aziur saxelmwifos da amasTanave, erT-erT yvelaze ve-
lur, saSualo saukuneebriv (e. i. feodalur _ p. g.)
samarcxvinoT CamorCenil aziur saxelmwifoTagans~ 19).
da Tu yovelive amis Semdeg kokini da papaiani da meores
mxriv, kontrrevolucionuri trockizmi cdilobs da mainc
ar iSlis, rom aqedan gamoiyvanon `aziuri formaciis~ aRia-
reba, Cven isini sxvas aras mogvagoneben, rogorc im cxo-
vels, romelsac cxenidan jori `gamoyavs~. Tumca, rogorc
erTgan mWermetyvelurad SeniSnavs m a r q s i, saWiro araa
indoeli iyos kaci, rom Tayvani sces Zroxa-sabalas da
iupiteri iyos, rom xarad gadaiqces~.
imis Sesaxeb, rom CineTSi adgili hqonda feodalur
urTierTobas da, maSasadame, dRes iq adgili aqvs gadmo-
naSTebs batonymuri urTierTobisa, mravali iTqva agreTve,
e. w. `Cinuri diskusiis~ periodSi sk. p. (b) cekaSi da
kominternis aRmaskomSiac, sadac t r o c k i da misi momx-
reni savsebiT uaryofdnen CinetSi feodaluri epoqis naS-
Tebis mniSvnelobas. amx. k. r a d e k i maSin amtkicebda,
rom CineTis sofelSi batonobs savaWro kapitali da ara
feodaluri yofierebis naSTebio.
istoriul materializmSi leninuri etapis Semdgomi
ganmaviTarebeli amx. s t a l i n i yovelTvis energiulad
ilaSqrebda amgvari umgvano, antiistoriuli da antimarqsis-
49
J. “ekonomisti”, #3, 2015
tuli gamosvlebis winaaRmdeg. 1927 w. 24 maiss kominternis
aRmaskomis sxdomaze is laparakobda: `kominterni gamodis
iqidan, rom naSTebi feodalizmisa CineTis sofelSi da
mTeli militaristul-biurokratiuli zednaSeni am naSTeb-
ze, yovelgvari ZiuZiunebiT, gubernatorebiT, generlebiT,
Can-ZolinebiT dasxv. warmoadgenen im bazas, romelTa
safuZvelze warmoiSva da gaiSala Tanamedrove agraruli
revolucia. Tu 70 % glexobis Semosavlisa mTel rig pro-
vinciebSi ekuTvnis memamules da Jentris, Tu memamuleebi,
SeiaraRebulni Tu uiaraRoni, warmoadgenen ara
mxolod ekonomiur, aramed administraciul da
sasamarTloxeli- suflebaT, Tu dRemde kidev mTel rig
provinciebSi praq- tikaSia saSualo saukuneebrivi
yidva-gayidva qalebisa da bavSvebisa, maSin ar SeiZleba ar
vicnoT, rom feodaluri yofierebis naSTebi mTeli
maTi militaristul-biu- rokratiuli zednaSeniT,
warmoadgenen Cagvris ZiriTad formas CineTSi~.
Semdeg amx. s t a l i n i ganagrZobs, rom CineTSi
arsebul feodaluri yofierebis gadmonaSTebs
zurgs umagrebs imperializmimTeli misi finansiuri da
samxedro ZlierebiT; da amitom `SeuZlebelia CineTSi feo-
daluri naSTebis likvidacia, Tu amasTanave erTad ar
vawarmoebT revolucionur brZolas imperializmis
winaaRmdeg CineTSi~.
amx. s t a l i n i exeba ra k. r a d e k i s Secdomas
am sakiTxSi swers: `amx. k. radekis Secdoma imaSia, rom man
ver gaigo es Tavisebureba, es gadajvaredineba feodaluri
gadmonaSTebis savaWro kapitalis arsebobasTan erTad
batonoba CineTis sofelSi,feodalur-saSualo-saukuneeb-
rivi eqsploataciis da glexobis Cagvris meTodebis
dacviT~. 20
amave azrs anviTarebs amx. s t a l i n i kominternis
aRmaskomis CineTis komisiaSi 1926 w. 30 noembers warmoTqmul
sityvaSiac: `CineTis revoluciis mesame Tavisebureba... imaSi
gamoixateba, rom mis gverdiT arsebobs sabWoTa kavSiri,
romlis revolucionuri gamocdilebas da daxmarebas ar
SeuZlia ar gaadvilos CineTis proletariatis brZola
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J. “ekonomisti”, #3, 2015
imperializmisa da feodalur-saSualo saukuneebis naSTebis
winaaRmdeg CineTSi~ 21. Aamave azrs anviTarebda is agreTve
agrarul sakiTxze momuSave marqsistTa konferenciaSi war-
moTqmul sityvaSiac.
dasasrul, unda moviyvanoT TviT CineTis kompartiis me-
VI yrilobis rezoluciidan erTi nawyveti am sakiTxze:
`egreTwodebul sazogadoebrivi miwebidan renta
garegnulad gveCveneba sazogadoebrivi dawesebulebis
Semosavlad, faqtiurad ki is warmoadgens jentris Se-
mosavals~; magram axla Cven vikiTxoT Tu vin aris jentri?
_ jentrebi, uWiravT ra sazogadoebrivi miwebi da Rebulo-
ben ra rentas meijaradreebidan, ekonomiurad warmoadgenen
memamuleebs. jentri aris Zveli Cinuri `Si-s, `da-fu-s~ (e. i.
aristokratiis) klasis saxelwodeba; axla saxelmwifo mo-
xeleebi, oficrebi, mdidari vaWrebic ki, yvelani iwodebian
`jentri-vaWrebad~. uwinares yovlisa CineTSi memamuleTa
klasi _ es aris jentris klasi...jentri memamuleTa klasi
aris gabatonebuli klasi Cinur feodalizmSi, es aris
klasi, romelic anxorcielebs politikur Cagvras Cineli
glexebisa~ (citirebulia amx. CJu-u-Sanis mixedviT).
Aamgvarad sakiTxi ukve sabolood garkveulia CineTSi,
iseve rogorc indoeTSi da saerTod aziaSi Cven gvaqvs da
gvqonda istoriuli ganviTarebis Sesafer periodebSi ara
raRac gansakuTrebuli formacia, romelic ucnobia evropis
xalxTa istoriaSi, aramed igive feodaluri, e. i. batonymu-
ri urTierToba, rac gaiara evropis yvela xalxebma. ma-
Sasadame. maSasadame, rogorc ufro naTlad amas Cven qve-
modac davinaxavT marqsizmis klasikosebis (marqsi, engelsi,
lenini) mier gamoyenebulia cnebebi `aziuri warmoebis wesi~,
`aziuri sazogadoeba~, `aRmosavluri urTierToba~ da sxv.
misTanani warmoadgenen sxvas arafers, rogorc feodalurs,
batonymurs, _ sawarmoo urTierTobis formas, romelic
msgavsad evropis xalxebisa, gaiares aziis xalxebmac, Tumca
Taviseburi xasiaTis matarebeli formoT, da rogorc Cven
zemod davinaxeT, mTel Tanamedrove marqsistul istoriog-
rafiasTan erTad, l e n i n i c aRniSnavs am Taviseburebas,
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J. “ekonomisti”, #3, 2015
romelic axasiaTebda aziis xalxebis, kerZoT CineTis feo-
daluri ganviTarebis Taviseburebas, rodesac swers, rom
CineTis TiTqmis naxevarmiliardiani xalxi ganicdis `isto-
riulad Tavisebur saxeobas am Cagvrisa da eqsploataciisa,
saxeldobr feodalizmisa~.
Uudaoa, rom aziis xalxebma gaiares feodaluri urTier-
Toba da amasTanave isic udaoa, rom es feodalizmi xasiaT-
deba garkveuli TaviseburebiT evropiul, mag., frangul
feodalizmTan SedarebiT; isic udaoa, rogorc amas
samarTlianad amtkiceben amx. s a f a r o v i Tavis naSro-
mebSi _ `klasebi da klasobrivi brZola CineTis istoria-
Si~, `CineTis problemebi~, _ da amx. e. i o l k i Tavis
saintereso gamokvlevebSi _ `Zveli CineTis sazogadoebrivi
wyobis safuZvlebisaTvis~ da sxv. _ rom pirvelyofili
urTierTobis safuZvlebidan warmoSobili da ganviTarebu-
li feodalizmi CineTSi, xasiaTdeba mniSvnelovani Tavisebu-
rebebiT, mag., frangul da sxv. feodalizmTan SedarebiT; da
isic udaoa, rom es Tavisebureba aRmosavluri feodaliz-
misa gamomdinareobda im geografiuli pirobebisagan, rom-
lis wiaRSic igi viTardeboda.
aRsaniSnavia, rom s u n-i a t-s e n i c ki udides
mniSvnelobas awers CineTis ganviTarebaSi am garemoebas,
Tavis saintereso naSromSi _ `CineTis saerTaSoriso ganvi-
Tarebis gegma~ _ is aRniSnavs didi mdinareebisa (xuan-xe _
yviTeli mdinare, ian-czi _ tredisferi mdinare, si-czian _
dasavleTis mdinare) da arxebis arsebuli sistemis grandi-
ozul mniSvnelobas qveynis morwyvis saqmeSi,22 da, maSasa-
dame, miwaTmoqmedebis, e. i. yvela winakapitalisturi for-
maciebisaTvis meurneobis yvelaze umniSvnelovanesi dargis
ganviTarebaSi. Mmagram CvenTvis cxadze ucxadesia, rom TviT
am xelovnuri morwyvis sistemis organizacia, maSasadame, im
udidesi mdinareebis Cvens droisaTvisac gansacvifrebeli,
grandiozuli, arxebis safuZvelze gamoyeneba im TaviTve
gansazRvruli iyo arsebobisaTvis brZolis procesSi Seqm-
nili da dagrovili sawarmoo ZalebiT, raSiac unda veZioT,
rogorc TviT xelovnuri morwyvis sistemis Camoyalibebis
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J. “ekonomisti”, #3, 2015
saxeebi, iseve sawyisebic TviT sazogadoebrivi organizaci-
isa, am sistemis regularuli eqsploataciis safuZvelze
rom unda Seqmniliyo.
Mm a r q s i rodi uaryofs geografiuli faqtoris gav-
lenas sazogadoebis ganviTarebaze. Mmagram marqsisaTvis
yovlad miuRebelia Cven mier zemod amowerili p l e x a n
o v i s debuleba, rom TiTqosgeografiuli faqtori
gansazRvravdes, karnaxobdes sazogadoebrivi urTierTobis
formebs. geografiuli faqtorebi ekonomiuri TvalsazrisiT
ganiyofeba or did jgufad: saarsebo saSualebisa (noyieri
niadagi, nadiriT mdidari tye) da Sromis saSualebis
(CanCqerebi, madneuliT mdidari niadagi) mixedviT. rac ufro
dabalia kultura, miT ufro gadamwyveti mniSvneloba aqvs
pirvels, xolo racufro maRalia igi, es mdgomareoba
eniWeba meores. amasTanave erTad, rodesac Cven vixilavT
sazogadoebrivi mdgomareobis sakiTxs, erTiwuTiTac ar
unda iqnas gaSvebulimxedvelobidan klasobrivi moment.
amasTanave `xelsayreli bunebrivi pirobebi mxolod zedmeti
Sromis SesaZleblobas iZleva, magram arasodes ar qmnis
TavisTavad zedmet Sromas~; meores mxriv, vidre Sromis
nayofiereba gansazRvrul safexurs ar miaRwevs, muSas ar
moepoeba zedmeti dro, uromlisod ar arsebobs zedmeti
Sroma da, maSasadame, SeuZlebelia arsebobdes eqsploa-
taciis esa Tu is formac.
k. m a r q s i swers, rom `dedamiwa adamianis sazrdos
Tavdapirveli sakuWnaoc aris da Sromis saSualebaTa Tav-
dapirveli arsenalico~, 23; magram amasTanave erTad mxedve-
lobidan rodi uSvebs im garemoebas, rom warmoebis saSua-
lebaTa mepatronis(monaTmflobelis, feodalis, kapita-
listis) uSualo urTierToba uSualo mwarmoeblisadmi (mo-
nisadmi, ymisadmi, proletariatsadmi), urTierToba, romlis
yoveli mocemuli forma (monoba, batonymoba, kapitalizmi)
yovelTvis bunebrivad Seesabameba Sromis saSualebaTa
ganviTarebis gansazRvrulsafexurs da amitomac Sromis
sazogadoebriv sawarmoo Zalasac _ aris is qvakuTxedi,
romlis mixedviTac unda axsnil iqnas mTeli sazo-
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J. “ekonomisti”, #3, 2015
gadoebrivi wyobilebis saidumloeba; amasTanave erTad ro-
gorc m a r q s i swers es ar ewinaaRmdegeba imas, rom
`erTsadaimave ekonomiur baziss _ erTsadaimaves mTavar
pirobaTa mxriv _ dausrulebliv sxvadasxvagvar empiriul
garemoebaTa, bunebriv pirobaTa, rasiul urTierTobaTa.
garedan momqmed istoriul gavlenaTa da sxv. wyalobiT _
Tavis gamovlinebaSi SeuZlia gamoaaSkaravos dausrulebeli
variaciebi da gradaciebi, romelTa gageba SeiZleba
mxolod am empiriulad mocemul garemoebaTa analizis
wyalobiT~ 24.
Aai, is udidesi mniSvnelobis mqone marqsizmis meTodo-
logiuri debuleba, romelic zepirad unda icodes yovel
marqsist mkvlevarma istoriisa da kerZoT aRmosavleTis
xalxTa istoriisa, romelSiac bunebriv pirobebma udaod
didi roli iTamaSes, magram mTavar pirobaTa mxriv, erTda-
igive ekonomiuri bazisi, marTalia sxvadasxvagvar empiriul
garemoebaTa gavleniT aSkaravdeba dausrulebel varia-
ciebSi da gradaciebSi, magram saboloo angariSiT, yvelgan
da yovelTvis, ZiriTad xazebSi, erT da imave sazogadoebriv
urTierTobas warmoSobs da ganaviTarebs.
Aaxla Cven SegviZlia SevCerdeT kidev erT saintereso
sakiTxze saxeldobr im pirobebze, romlebmac gamoiwvies
`aziuri warmoebis wesis~ Sesaxeb m a r q s i s a da e n g e
l s i s mier mocemuli Sexeduleba da sakiTxze, Tu marq-
sizm-leninizmis moZRvrebiT kacobriobis istoriuli ganvi-
Tarebis sqemad miRebul winakapitalistur_pirvelyofil,
antikur, feodalur _ formaciebSi, Tu romels unda mie-
kuTvnos is daxasiaTebani, romelic moceulia marqsisa da
engelsis TxzulebebSi `aziuri formaciis~, `aRmosavluri
sazogadoebis~, `pirvelyofili induri Temis~, `warmoebis
aziuri wesis~ specifikurobaTa daxasiaTebis saxiT.
l. m a d i a r i da `aziuri formaciis~ sxva damcve-
lebi xSirad aRniSnaven, rom viTom, m a r q s i s mier azi-
ur sazogadoebaze Tavisi Sexedulebis CamoyalibebaSi
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J. “ekonomisti”, #3, 2015
erTgvari gavlena iqonia h e g e l m a, romelic Tavis
`istoriis filosofiaSi~ kacobriobis istoriuli ganviTa-
rebis periodebad dayofis Sedegad asaxelebs `aRmosavle-
Tur msoflios~, romelSiac Sedian CineTi, indoeTi, spar-
seTi, egvipteda sxv., rogorc pirvel periods. hegelis
istoriosofiis Sesaxeb Cven Tavis adgilas gvqonda msje-
loba 25 da aq ar SevCerdebiT. Mmxolod madiaris am ukanask-
neli mosazrebis Sesaxeb unda iTqvas, rom is aSkarad Semc-
daria; rac Tundac iqidan sCans, rom m a r q s i da arc
e n g e l s i im droidan dawyebuli, rodesac maT angariSi
gaaswores `Zvel filosofiur sindisTan~, vidre 1859 wlam-
de arsad, erTi sityviTac ki, ar ixsenebs `aziur forma-
cias~, xolo ufro adre ki, rodesac igi nawilobriv kidev
hegelianeli iyo, saxeldobr 1843 wels ixsenebs sazogadoeb-
rivi ganviTarebis `aziuri despotiis tips~, romelsac upi-
rispirebs antikuri urTierTobis formas 26. Aaqedan: marqsi
da engelsi rom am periodSi (1845-1859w.w.) am sakiTxis
garSemo hegelis gavlenis qveS yofiliyvnen, TavisTavad
cxadia, ar daiviwyebden saTanado adgilebSi `aziuri forma-
ciis~ Sesaxeb TavianTi azrebis gamutqmas, xolo, Tuki, samo-
ciani wlebidan dawyebuli m a r q s i da e n g e l s i
ukve ayalibeben Sexedulebas `aziuri warmoebis wesze~. es
cxadia aixsneba ara h e g e l i s gavleniT, aramed
istoriografiis imdroindeli mdgomareobiT.
Aaxla ki ganvixiloT, Tu ra `bedi~ ewvia istoriogra-
fiis Semdgomi ganviTarebis wyalobiT TviT m a r q s i s a
da e n g e l s i s xelSi `aziuri warmoebis wesis~ sa-
kiTxs (Cven ukve zemod davinaxeT, Tu rogor anviTareben am
sakiTxSi marqsizms l e n i n i da s t a l i n i).
`warmoebis aziuri wesi~ m a r q s i s a da e n g e l s
i s TxzulebebSi ganixileboda rogorc yvelaze adrindeli
tipi Tanamimdevar progresiul formaciebs Soris. magali-
Tad, m a r q s i swers: `farTo moxazulobiT SesaZlebe-
lia a z i u r, a n t i u r, f e o d a l u r da Taname-
drove b u r J u a z i u l warmoebis wess sazogadoebriv-
ekonomiuri formaciis progresiuli epoqebi ewodos~, _
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J. “ekonomisti”, #3, 2015
rodesac formaciebis CamoTvla xdeba warsulidan Tanamed-
roveobisaken; xolo maSin, rodesac marqsi maT CamoTvlis
Tanamedroveobidan warsulisaken mimavali xaziT, igi swers:
b u r J u a z i u l m a ekonomiam mxolod maSin miaRwia
feodaluri, antiuri da aRmosavleTuri sazogadoebis
gagebas, rogorc ki burJuaziuli sazogadoebis TviTkritika
daiwyo~ da sxv. 27.
Aamgvarad, m a r q s i s mier `aziuri warmoebis wesi~
ganixileba, rogorc yvelaze adrindeli sazogadoeba. Aaxla
kidev sayuradReboa is garemoeba, rom am sazogadoebas m a
r q s i da e n g e l s i axasiaTeben rogorc pirvelyo-
fil Temur urTierTobas. magaliTad, marqsi s w e r s:
`muSaTa da warmoebis saSualebaTa Tavdapirvel erTianobas
_ aq Cven gverds uvliT urTierTobas monobis dros,
rodesac muSa TviTon ekuTvnis Sromis obieqtur pirobebs,
_ aqvs ori mTavari forma: aziuri Temuri (pirvelyofili
Temi) da wvrili sagvareulo sasoflo meurneobis~28. Aanda
kidev: `indoeTis pirvelyofili mcire Temebi, romlebic
nawilobriv dResac ganagrZoben arsebobas, damyarebuli
arian saTemo miwaTmflobelobaze, miwaTmoqmedebis uSualo
kavSirze xelosnobasTan da Sromis mtkice danawilebaze,
romelic axali Temebis daarsebis dros warmoadgens mza
gegmas da sqemas~. xolo `SesavalSi politikuri ekonomiis
kritikisaTvis~, romelsac udidesi mniSvneloba aqvs winaka-
pitalisturi formaciebis Sesaswavlad da romelic erTg-
var prototips warmoadgens `polit. Eek. kritikisaTvis~-is
winasityvaobisa, m a r q s i swers: `istoria...…gviCvenebs,
rom pirvelyofili forma saTemo sakuTreba iyo (mag., in-
doelebsa, slavianebsa, Zvel keltebSi da sxv.), es Temuri
sakuTreba didxans TamaSobs mniSvnelovan rols~.
amasTanave erTad, es pirvelyofili saTemo (induri,
aziuri) sakuTreba m a r q s s a da e n g e l s s mica-
niaT, rogorc amosavali punqti antikuri (e. i. romauli) da
feodaluri (e. i. germanuli) sakuTrebisaTvis. 1859 w. m a r q
s i swerda, rom `am bolo dros gavrcelda sasacilo cru
Sexeduleba, viTom b u n e b r i v a d a R m o c e n e b u
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J. “ekonomisti”, #3, 2015
l i saTemo saTemo sakuTrebis forma specifikurad slavu-
ri an mxolod da mxolod rusuli forma iyos. Nnamdvilad
igi sakuTrebis pirvelyofili formaa, romelsac Cven vxvde-
biT romaelebsa, germanelebsa da keltebs Soris; indoeTSi
ki dResac moipoeba amis mravalgvari nimuSebi, Tumca nawi-
lobriv ukve daSlili saxiT. saTemo sakuTrebis aziuri,
gansakuTrebiT induri formebis zedmiwevniTi Seswavla Cven
dagvanaxebda, Tu bunebrivad aRmocenebuli saTemo sakuT-
rebis sxvadasxva formebidan rogor warmosdgeba maTi
rRvevis sxvadasxva formebi. Aase, magaliTad, romauli da
germanuli kerZo sakuTrebis sxvadasxva pirvandeli tipebi
SeiZleba induri sakuTrebis sxvadasxva formebidan iqnes
gamoyvanili~.
im droisTvis, rodesac es striqonebi iwereboda, jer
kidev ar iyo konkretulad Seswavlili pirvelyofili komu-
nisturi formacia. Mmeores mxriv, yovlad SeuZlebeli iyo
ganviTarebis pirvandeli warmonaqmnis saxiT warmoedginaT
antikuri da, miT umetes, feodaluriformaciis esoden
ganviTarebuli kultura. amasTanave erTad kacobriobis
istoriuli ganviTarebis iseT kolosalur mencars da moaz-
rovnes, rogoric iyo m a r q s i ar SeeZlo ar eZia sawyi-
sebi am formaciebisa; da, ai mis Tanamedrove istoriogra-
fiam is miiyvana daskvnamde, rom rogorc antiuri, ise feo-
daluri formacia warmoiSobian aziuri, e. i. induri sakuT-
rebis rRvevis sxvadasxva formebidan, xolo es induri Te-
muri sakuTreba, rogorc ukve davinaxeT, ganixileboda
rogorc sakuTrebis pirvelyofili forma.
Aam SemTxvevaSi moxda is, rom m a r q s m a `aziuri
sazogadoeba~ nawilobriv, vimeorebT mxolod nawilobriv,
gaaigiva Semdeg aRmoCenil pirvelyofil formaciasTan, ro-
melic namdviladac aris amosavali punqti rogorc anti-
kuri formaciisTvis (saberZneTi, romi), ise feodaluri
formaciisaTvisac. (CineTi, iaponia, ruseTi, germanuli sa-
xelmwifoebi, frankTa monarqia, inglisi, egvipte, sparseTi,
osmaleTi, saqarTvelo); da rom es asea sCans m a r q s i s a
da e n g e l s i s rogorc 1859 wlamde, ise mas Semdegi
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J. “ekonomisti”, #3, 2015
droindeli, da gansakuTrebiT pirvelyofili sazogadoebis
aRmoCenis mermindeli nawerebidan.
Aamis sabolood dasamtkiceblad moviyvanoT kidev
ramodenime sabuTi m a r q s i s a da e n g e l s i s
nawerebidan.
1843 wels m a r q s i swerda kerZo sakuTrebis insti-
tutis warmoSobaze romaul da germanul qveyanaSi `metisme-
tad Wkuis maswavlebeli iqneba, rom aq gaviyvanoT erTi da
imave institutis ganviTarebis paraleli am or poluss So-
ris... winaaRmdeg germanuli maioratisa da sxv. romSi a n d
e r Z i s T a v i s u f l e b a warmoadgens Sedegs ker-
Zo sakuTrebisa. Aam ukanasknel winaaRmdegobaSi mdgomare-
obs m T e l i gansxvaveba kerZo sakuTrebis ganviTarebis
romaul da germanul tips Soris~ 29.
1845 wels m a r q s i da e n g e l s i sweren:
`sakuTrebis pirveli forma, rogorc antikur msoflioSi,
ise saSualo saukuneebSi (e. i. feodalur urTierTobaSi _ p.
g.) e s a r i s t o m u r i (e. i. pirvelyofili sasoflo
Temuri) sakuTreba, romelic gamowveuli iyo romaelebSi
umTavresad omiT, xolo germanelebSi _ mejogeobiT~ 30.
1858 wels m a r q s i swers, rom `romauli da germane-
li kerZo sakuTrebis sxvadasxva pirvandeli tipebi SeiZle-
ba induri sakuTrebis sxvadasxva formebidan iqnes gamoyva-
nili~ 31.
1867 wels damTavrebul `kapitalSi~ vkiTxulobT: `wvri-
li glexuri meurneoba da damoukidebeli xelosnuri war-
moeba nawilobrivad feodaluri warmoebis wesis safuZvels
Seadgens, nawilobrivad misi daSlis Semdeg kapitalistur
warmoebasTan ganagrZobs arsebobas. amave dros isini kla-
sikuri sazogadoebis safuZvels Seadgenen misi ayvavebis xa-
naSi, rodesac ukve daSlili iyo aRmosavleTis pirvandeli
saTemo mflobeloba, xolo monobas jer kidev mniSvnelov-
nad ar daepyro warmoeba~ 32.
Aaxla ukve pirvelyofili sazogadoebis aRmoCenis mer-
mindeli nawerebidan (l. m o r g a n i s wigni gamoica 1877
wels).
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1881 wels v e r a z a s u l i C i s a d m i miwerili
werilis pirvel TavSi m a r q s i swerda: `sasoflo Temi
germaniaSi warmoiqmna (amoxeTqa) ufro arqaiuli tipis
Temidan. is masSi warmosdga rogorc produqti damoukide-
beli ganviTarebisa, da srulebiTac ar iyo mza saxiT mota-
nili aziidan. iq _ aRmosavl indoeTSi _ mas vxvdebiT ag-
reTve, da yovelTvis rogorc formas ukanaskneli etapisa
anu arqaiuli formaciis (e. i. pirvelyofili formaciis _ p.
g.) ukanaskneli periodisa~ 33; kidev sxva adgilas, m a r q s
i swers: sasoflo Temi aris ra sazogadoebis pirveladi
warmonaqmnis ukanaskneli fazisi, imave dros aris gardama-
vali fazisi meoredi warmonaqmnisaken, e. i. gardamavali
fazisi sazogadoebidan, romelic damyarebulia saerTo
sakuTrebaze sazogadoebisaken, romelic damyarebulia ker-
Zo sakuTrebaze. meoredi warmonaqmni, igulisxmeba Semoicavs
rigs sazogadoebaTa, romelnic damyarebulni arian
monobaze da batonymobaze. magram niSnavs Tu ara es, rom
sasoflo Temis istoriul gzam fatalurad (aucileblad _
p. g.) unda migviyvanos am gamosavalze? srulebiTac ara. Mm i
s i T a n d a y o l i l i d u a l i z m i (oradoba p.
g.) S e s a Z l e b e l s x d i s a l t e r n a t i v a s
(orSi erTis arCevis aucileblobas _p. g.): an sakuTrebis
sawyisi imarjvebs masSi koleqtiur sawyisze, anda ukanaskne-
li imarjvebs pirvelze. Yyovelive damokidebulia istori-
ul garemoze, romelSic igi imyofeba~.
ras niSnavs yovelive es? mxolod imas, rom rogorc mo-
nobaze damyarebuli, aseve ymis Sromaze damyarebuli sazo-
gadoeba, e. i. rogorc antikuri ise feodaluri formacia
warmoadgenen `meored warmonaqmnebs~, e. i. rogorc pirveli,
ise meore warmoiSoba pirvelyofili formaciis rRvevis
sxvadasxva formebidan, sxvadasxva qveyanaSi da sxvadasxva
pirobebSi; radgan pirvelyofili formaciis ukanasknel
patriarqalur stadias (sasoflo Tems) axasiaTebs Tandayo-
lili dualizmi.
Aam sakiTxSi m a r q s i s a da e n g e l s i s
sxvarigad gageba ewinaaRmdegeba mTel safuZvlebs maTi moZ-
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Rvrebisa. saqme imaSia, rom antikuri formacia gaiares mxo-
lod xmelTaSua zRvis sanapiroebze mdebare Zvel kultu-
rul qveynebma `magaliTad, Zvel saberZneTma da romma,
romlebic, rogorc swers lenini, mTlianad damyarebulni
iyvnen monobaze~ 34; Tumca monoba (patriarqaluri formiT)
gaiares TiTqmis yvela xalxebma, magram rogorc meurneobis
yvela dargebSi gabatonebuli wesi warmoebisa, is ucnobia
aRmosavleTSi, sadac iyo ganviTarebuli saojaxo monoba,
rac rogorc m a r q s i da e n g e l s i sweren arc ki
miiReba mxedvelobaSi, rodesac laparakia sazogadoebriv-
ekonomiur formaciebze. amgvarad, im qveynebSi, romlebsac
ar gauvliaT monuri formacia, rogorc meoredi war-
monaqmni, Cven gvaqvs feodaluri formacia, rogorc meoredi
warmonaqmni, e. i. rogorc urTierToba, romelic war-
moiSveba pirvelyofili formaciidan.
Yyovelive es xazgasmiT unda aRiniSnos, radgan Cvens
sinamdvileSi moipovebian `kritikulad~ moazrovne `istori-
kosebi~, romlebsac es WeSmariteba dRemde ver gaugiaT da,
romlebic, amgvarad arapirdapir icaven aziuri formaciis
gansakuTrebulobas. Ees is xalxia, romlebsac _ daos C J a
n – c z i s msgavsad, romelic sizmarsa da sinamdviles
Soris ver erkveoda,35 _ Tavisi ubadruki umecreba da laye
tviniT nabodvari marqsizm-leninizmi hgonia. aseT `istori-
koss~ Cven SegviZlia pirdapir vuTxraT is sityvebi, rom-
lebic Tavis droze fr. Ee n g e l s m a k. m a r q s i s
`kritikos~ l u i o b r e n t a n o s msgavsi
moqmedebisaTvis gaumeora: `Asinus manebis in secula seculorum!~ase magaliTad, unda aRiniSnos, rom a. v. Smidti Tavis
SromaSi _ `pirvelyofil sazogadoebaze marqsis Sexedule-
baTa ganviTarebis Sesaxeb~ _ daaskvnis, rom morganis wignis
gamosvlis Semdeg, saxeldobr 1881 wels vera zasuliCisadmi
miwerili werilebis SavebSi marqsi TiTqos icavs `aziuri
formaciis~ rogorc gansakuTrebuli sazogadoebrivi urTi-
erTobis formas. am Tavis `kvleva-ZiebaSi~ Smidti iqamdec ki
midis, rom `TanagrZnobiT~ amxels engelsis `Secdomebs~. igi
swers: `engelsi ramodenimed scdeboda~, rodesac `ko-
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munisturi partiis manifestis~ debulebas, rom `istoria
dRemde arsebuli mTeli sazogadoebisa aris klasTa
brZolis istoria~, ukeTebda cnobil SeniSvnas imis Sesaxeb,
rom igi Seexeba mxolod werilobiT gadmocemul istorias.
Smidtis azriT, pirvelyofili sazogadoebrivi forma
marqssa da engelss Tavdapirvelad (e. i. `manifestis~ Sed-
genis periodSi) warmoedginaT, rogorc kerZo sakuTrebaze
damyarebuli sazogadoebis klasobrivi istoria. maSasadame,
TiTqos maTi warmodgeniT klasebi da kerZo sakuTreba yo-
velTvis arsebobda.
maSin, rodesac imave wels engelsis mier daweril
`komunizmis principebSi~, romelic erTgvari prototipia
`komunisturi manifestisa~, naTqvamia: `yovelgvari cvlileba
sazogadoebriv wyobilebaSi, yoveli gadatrialeba sakuT-
rebis pirobebSi warmoadgenen aucilebel Sedegs axal
sawarmoo ZalTa ganviTarebisa, romlebic ar Seesabamebian
sakuTrebis Zvel urTierTobaT. amgvarad warmoiSva kerZo
sakuTrebac, romelic agreTve yovelTvis ar arsebobda~ (ix.
`Cor.~ V, 473). amasTanave erTad, marqsis mier samociani
wlebis dasawyisSi (1853) daweril werilebSi indoeTis
Sesaxeb mravaljeraa mocemuli miwis saerTo sakuTrebaze
damyarebuli pirvelyofili Temebis daxasiaTeba. xolo
imave wels imave gazeTSi (nev-iorkis tribuna) dabeWdil
werilSi inglisis Sesaxeb k. marqsi swerda: `klanSi (e.i.
sagvareulo TemSi _ p. g.) yovel SemTxvevaSi miwa warmoa-
dgens sakuTrebas gvarisa, romlis SigniT, sisxliT naTesa-
obis mixedviT, arseboben iseTi gansxvavebani sazogadoebriv
mdgomareobaSi, rogorc yvela Zvel aziur sagvareulo
sazogadoebriv organizaciebSi” aq garda imisa, rom marqsi
pirdapir laparakobs miwis sazogadoebriv e.i. Temur (kla-
nur) da ara kerZo sakuTrebaze, amasTanave erTad aRniSnavs,
rom klanuri (e.i. Sotlanduri gvaris) sistema isevea
organizebuli, rogorc Zveli aziuri sagvareulo sazoga-
doebani. maSasadame, aqedan ase aSkarad sCans agreTve feo-
dalizmisa da e.w. `aziuri sazogadoebis” igiveobac. amaSi
mkiTxveli miT ufro darwmundeba, rodesac igi imav weril-
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Si gaecnoba, Tu rogor agviwers qvemod marqsi Sotlanduri
klanebis safuZvelze, e.i. pirvelyofili sagvareulo wyobi-
lebis safuZvelze feodaluri urTierTobis ganviTarebas.
Semdeg samociani wlebis miwuruls (1858) Tavis `polit.
ekonomiis kritikisaTvis~-Si marqsi swerda: `dasasrul, Te-
muri Sroma misi bunebrivad aRmocenebuli formiT, rogorc
Cven mas yvela kulturul xalxTa istoriis bWeze vpou-
lobT. aq Sromis sazogadoebrivi xasiaTi, cxadia, warmos-
dgeba ara im gziT, rom calke individumis Sroma sayovel-
Taobis abstraqtul formas, anu misi produqti sayovelTao
ekvivalentis formas iRebs. aq warmoebis winamZRvaria
Temuri wyobileba, rac xels uSlis, rom calke pirovnebis
Sroma kerZo Sromad da misi produqti kerZo produqti
iyos, da ris gamo calke Sroma, ufro, gvevlineba uSualod
rogorc sazogadoebrivi organizmis wevris funqcia”. ras
niSnavs yovelive es mxolod amas, rom am SemTxvevaSi k.
marqsi Cven agviwers koleqtiur sawyisebzedamyarebuli
sazogadoebriv urTierTobas.
magram jer kidev `germanul ideologiaSi” (1845) marqsi
da engelsi swerdnen: `kerZo samarTali viTardeba para-
lelurad kerZo sakuTrebisa, bunebrivad ganviTarebuli
koleqtiurobis daSlis procesidan, romlebSic kerZo
sakuTrebis da kerZo samarTlis ganviTarebas ar qonda Sem-
dgomi samrewvelo da savaWro Sedegebi radgan maTi wesi
warmoebisa ucvleli rCeba. Tanamedrove xalxebSi, romleb-
Sic feodaluri sawogadoebrivoba gaxrwnes mrewvelobam da
vaWrobam, kerZo sakuTrebisa da kerZo samarTlis warmoSo-
biT daiwyo axali faza, romelic Semdgomi ganviTarebis
unariani aRmoCnda. Semdeg aqve marqsi da engelsi ara erT-
xel laparakoben Temur da tomur sakuTrebaze, magaliTad:
`pirveli forma sakuTrebisa, rogorc antiur qveynebSi, ise
saSualo saukuneebSi, es aris _ tomuri sakuTreba”, e.i.
Temuri sakuTreba, koleqtiuri sakuTreba, raic damaxasia-
Tebelia pirvelyofili komunisturi formaciisa.
amgvarad, aqedan is azri gamomdinareobs, rom engelsis
sityvebi: `1847 wels TiTqmis sruliad ucnobi iyo pirvel-
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yofili sazogadoebis istoria”, rodi niSnavs imas, rom igi
savsebiT ucnobi iyo. morganis Sromam (1877), rogorc RvniS-
ne, auarebeli faqtiuri masalebis TavmoyriT xeli Seuwyo
marqssa da engelss mxolod sabolood CamoeyalibebinaT,
meti konkretizacia SeetanaT, maT mier kerZo sakuTrebisa
da klasebis warmoSobis Sesaxeb, ukve didi xnis winaT
ganviTarebuli SexedulebisaTvis.
magram Smidti kidev Sors midis is marqssa da engelss
samocian wlebamde biologistebadac ki acxadebs, romlebic
cxovelTa da adamianTa sazogadoebas erTmaneTSi ureven!
Cvenma `kritikosma” aq yovelgvar molodins gadaaWarba.
marTlac rom `saWiro araa indoeli iyos kaci, rom Tayvani
sces Zroxa-sabals da iupiteri iyos, rom xarad gadaiqces!”
axla mousminoT fr. engelss, Tu ras swers igi amave
saskiTxze luis morganis wignis gamosvlis Semdeg, rodesac
Tavisi `ojaxis... warmoSobis” saxiT kidev ganaviTara marq-
sizmis moZRvreba sazogadoebriv-ekonomikur formaciebze:
`morganis udidesi damsaxureba imaSia, rom mTavar xazebSi
aRmoaCina da aRadgina Cveni werilobiTi istoriis es preis-
toriuli safuZveli da aRadgina Cveni werilobiTi isto-
riis es preistoriuli safuZveli da Crdilo amerikeli
indielebis gvarovnul kavSirebSi ipova gasaRebi, romelic
uZvelesi berZnuli, romauli (e.i. antikuri _ p. g.) da
germanul (e.i. feodaluri _ p. g.) istoriis umniSvnelovanes
dRemde gadauWrel amocanebs xsnis”.
maSasadame, ra aRmoaCina m o r g a n m a? _ man aRmoa-
Cina pirvelyofili sazogadoeba, xolo es ukanaskneli ki
warmoadgenda gasaRebs antikuri da feodaluri urTier-
Tobis warmoSobis manamde gadauWrel amocanisa. Tumca,
rogorc Cven ukve davinaxeT, marqssa da engelss istoriul
movlenebSi garkvevis maTma udidesma gnialobam, raic gamom-
dinareobda maT mierve Seqmnil istoriis dialeqtikur
materialuri gagebisagan, SesaZlebloba misca morgans
epoqis Seqmnil aRmoCenamdec vTqvaT, rom antikuri da feo-
dalurisakuTreba warmoiSven tomuri sakuTrebidan, rom
romauli da germanuli sakuTrebis sxvadasxva pirvandeli
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J. “ekonomisti”, #3, 2015
tipebi SeiZlebainduri (pirvelyofili) sakuTrebis
sxvadasxva formebidan iqnes gamoyvanili~. e. i. morganis
aRmoCenam mxolod sabolood gaamarTla marqsisa da
engelsis mier didi xniT adre wamoyenebuli Sexeduleba
(`SeiZleba...iqnes gamoyvanili~), romelsac isini manamdec
mTeli naxevari saukunis ganmavlobaSi icavden.
gamoirkva, rom pirvelyofili sasoflo Temi da masze
ufro adre sagvareulo Temi, romlis mxolod induri tipi
iyo manamde cnobili, yofila ara specifiurad aziuri,
aramed sayovelTao movlena.
amgvarad, rogorc fr. e n g e l s i swers:
`namdvilad miwis Temuri mflobeloba warmoadgens
instituts, romelic gvxvdeba ganviTarebis dabal safexur-
ze yovel indogermanul xalxebSi indoeTidan irlandiamde
da im xalxebSic, romlebic indoeTis gavlenis qveS viTar-
deboden, mag., i a v a z e. kidev 1608 w. Temuri
miwaTmflobeloba, romelic arsebobda irlandiis axlad
dapyrobil CrdiloeTSi, ingliselebs emsaxureboda sababiT,
rom miwa gamoecxadebiaT aravis kuTvnilebad da rogorc
aseTis misi konfiskacia eqnaT xazinis sasargeblod. indo-
eTSi dRemde arsebobs mTeli rigi Temuri sakuTrebis
formebisa, germaniaSi is iyo yovelgan: dasavleT evropaSi
da agreTve poloneTSi da malorosiaSi Temuri mflo-
beloba ganviTarebis garkveul safexurze Seiqmna borkilad
sasoflo-sameurneo warmoebaSi da sul ufro da ufro
ispoboda. v e l i k o r u s e T S i is dRemde Senar-
Cunebul iqna da uwinares yovlisa warmoadgens imis mowa-
mes, rom sasoflo-sameurneo warmoeba da misi Sesabamisi
soflis sazogadoebrivi pirobebi imyofebian aq kidev Zlier
dabal safexurze, raic marTlac ase aris. rusi glexi
cxovrobs da Sromobs mxolod Tavisi Temis farglebSi;
mTeli danarCeni qveyana misTvis arsebobs mxolod imdenad,
ramdenadac is ereva am mis TemSi... da es im xarisxiT, rom
sruliad erTi da igive sityva `Мир~ niSnavs erTis mxriv
msoflios da meores mxriv `glexTa Tems~. mTeli `Мир~ - i,mTeli msoflio glexisaTvis niSnavs Temis wevrTa krebas...
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J. “ekonomisti”, #3, 2015
aseTi sruli calkeuloba erTmaneTSoris calke Temebisa,
romelic hqmnis mTel qveyanaze, Tumca erTgvar, magram amave
dros pirdapir dapirispirebul sazogadoebriv interesebs,
warmoadgens bunebriv safuZvels aRmosavleTis despotiisa
da indoeTidan ruseTamde, es sazogadoebrivi forma, iq
sadac is moevlina gabatonebulad, yovelTvis Sobda aseTs~36.
maSasadame, aRmoCnda, rom, rogorc e n g e l s i
SeniSnavs `komunisturi manifestis~ mermindel gamocemaSi, _
`soflis Temi saerTo miwaTmflobelobiT iyo pirvelyo-
fili forma sazogadoebisa indoeTidan dawyebuli
irlandiamde~. xolo maTi Semdgomi ganviTarebis Tavisebu-
reba imaSia, rom sadac Zveli Temi gadarCa, igi aTasi wle-
bis ganmavlobaSi utlanqesi saxelmwifoebrivi formis,
aRmosavluri despotizmis safuZvels warmoadgens indoeTi-
dan ruseTamde. mxolod iq, sadac igi daiSala, xalxebi win
waviden damoukideblad da maTi uaxloesi nabiji ekono-
miuri progresis gzaze mdgomareobda warmoebis gaZlie-
rebasa da ganviTarebaSi monuri Sromis SemweobiT.
magaliTad, rusul Temma iarseba mTeli saukuneebi ise,
rom misgan arasodes ar gamovlinebula miswrafeba TviT
TavisTavisagan ganeviTarebia maRali forma sazogadoebrivi
sakuTrebisa; is aq ar aris iseve, rogorc ar iyo germanul
markaSiac, keltur klanSiac, indur da sxva TemebSiac pri-
mitiul-komunisturi wyobilebiT. yvela isini droTa
viTarebaSi, gavleniT maTi garSemomcveli, anu TviT maT
sakuTar wiaRSi warmoSobil da TandaTan maTSi gamjdari
saqonluri warmoebisa da gacvlisa, calke ojaxebsa da
calke pirebs Soris. sul ufro da ufro hkargavdnen Ta-
vianT komunistur xasiaTs da iqceodnen urTierTis mimarT
damoukidebel miwaTmflobel Temebad.
yovelive aqedan im daskvnis gamoyvana SeiZleba, rom
pirvelyofil formaciis aRmoCenis Semdeg e. w. `aziuri
formacia~ ekuTvnis ukve ara marqsizmis meTodologiis,
aramed marqsizmis istoriis sakiTxs, xolo aqamde m a r q s
i s a da e n g e l s i s naSromebSi `aziuri warmoebis
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J. “ekonomisti”, #3, 2015
wesis~ qveS mocemuli daxasiaTebani da analizi sazogadoeb-
rivi ganviTarebisa unda gagebul iqnas imgvarad, rom misi
is mxareebi, romlebic mocemulia saerTo miwaTmflobelo-
baze damyarebuli sagvareulo da nawilobriv sasoflo
Temis saxiT, _ rasac m a r q s i xSirad `Zvel-Cinursac~
uwodebs. _ warmoadgens pirvelyofili formaciis, saxel-
dobr misi ukanaskneli stadiis, rodesac ukve mocemulia
eqsploataciis ase Tu is garkveuli formebis Tavisebure-
baTa daxasiaTebas; mTeli danarCeni nawili ki TavisTavad
cxadia, miekuTvneba aRmosavleTur xalxebSi (CineTi, in-
doeTi) ganviTarebuli feodaluri urTierTobis specifi-
kurobaTa daxasiaTebas.
dasasrul, unda davsZinoT, rom winasityvaobis fargali
samwuxarod saSualebas ar iZleoda es daskvna kidev erT-
xel dagvemtkicebina Tanamedrove istoriografiis gankargu-
lebaSi myofi faqtiuri masalebiT _ konkretuli istoriiT:
cxadia imeds ver Sevelevi, rom axlo momavalSi saSualeba
meqneba am sakiTxze Cems xelSi dagrovili masalebi warud-
gino dainteresebul mkiTxvel sazogadoebas.
1. Сунь-Ят-Сен _ `Записки китайского революционера~, 1926, 133.
2. Сунь-Ят-Сен _ ` Капиталистическое развитие Китая~, 1925. М.
192.3. К. Маркс и Энгельс _ ` Сочинения~, IV. 1933. 12, 52; ` Архив~, 1,
254.4. ix. k. marqsi da fr. engelsi _ `werilebi~ tf. 103-104, К.
Маркс и Энгельс _ ` Сочинения~, IX, 347-348.5. К.Маркс _ `Капитал~, III, II, 1930, 137.6. k. marqsi `kapitali~ 1933 tf. 283, 288.
7. k. marqsi `kapitali~, I, 1930, 460.
8. fr. engelsi _ `antidiuringi~, 1933, tf. 143.
9. Плеханов Г. В., _ ` Сочинения~, XVIII, 1925, 216; arisqarTuli Targmanic. plexanovi _ `marqsizmis ZiriTadi
sakiTxebi~, meore gamocema, 1931, tf. 62-64.
10. Ленинский сборник , XII, 1931 157.66
J. “ekonomisti”, #3, 2015
11. Г. Сальвиоли _’’ Капитализм в античном мире” 1923, Харьков.12. К. Бюхер _ ‘’Возникновение народного хоэяйства”, 1923 М.13. К. Каутский _ ‘’Материалистическое понимание историй” т. II.1931.
14. Ленин _ ‘’Сочинения”, IX, 410.15. v. lenini _ `Txzulebani~, III, 1930, tf. 580; agreTve: 51,
153, 169-231, 425 da sxv.
16. Ленин _ ‘’Сочинения”, XV, 101; kursivi yvelgan Cvenia.
17. Ленин _ ‘’Сочинения”, XVI, 459.18. Ленин _’’ Сочинения”, XXVI, 428, 430.19. Ленин _ ‘’Сочинения”, XVI, 428.20. Сталин _’’ Об опозиции”, 562.21. i. stalini _ `CineTis revoluciis perspeqtivebi~, 1927,
tf. gv. 2 da 25.
22. Сунь-Ят-Сен _’’ Капиталистическое развитие Китая”, 24-26.23. k. marqsi `kapitali~ I, Tavi XIV, 457, Tavi V, 140.
24. К. Маркс _’’ Капитал:, III, II, 267. kursivi Cvenia.25. p. guguSvili _ `ekonomiuri formaciebisaTvis~, 1933,
16-24.
26. К. Маркс _ ‘’критика философии государственного права Гегеля “ (КМаркс и Энгельс _’’ Сочинения:, I, 1928, 557 ).
27. k. marqsi _ ` politikuri ekonomiis kritikisaTvis~, 1932,42, 30.
28. Маркс _’’ Теории прибавочной ценности”, 1924, III, 329, 324.29. Маркс и Энгельс _ ‘’Сочинения “, I, 635.30. Маркс и Энгельс _ ‘’Сочинения”, IV, 1933, 452.31. k. marqsi _ politikuri ekonomiis kritikisaTvis~, 1932,
54.32. k. marqsi `kapitali~ I, 288.
33. ‘’Архив Маркса и Энгельса”, I, 272.34. Ленин _’’ Сочинения”, XXIV, 374.35. Cinuri igavi daos (qurum) CJan-czis Sesaxeb: rogorRac
ZilSi CJan-czis Tavisi Tavi pepelad daesizmra; igi
dafrinavda yvavilebze da ar icoda, rom namdvilad
aris CJan-czi. rodesac bolos gaiRviZa man verafriT
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J. “ekonomisti”, #3, 2015
ver SesZlo gadaewyvita sakiTxi: CJan-czim sizmarSi
dainaxa, rom is pepelaa, Tu exla pepelas esizmreba,
rom is CJan-czia? da xom ar iyo aq ubralo ori
gadaqceva raRac erTarsebaSi?
36. Энгельс _ ` Очерки социальной жизни России~, 13-14 da 22-23.
`aziuri warmoebis wesis~ garSemo warmoebuli diskusiis
literatura:
Е. Иолк _`К вопросу об азиатском способе производства~ (`N. S. M.~,1931,#3);С. М. Дубровский _ `К вопросу о сущности азиатского способапроизводства феодализма крепостничества и торгового капитала~, 1829;`Спорние вопросы методологии истории~ 1930; `Противмеханических тенденций в исторической науке~, 1930; ` Дискуссияоб азиатском способе производства~, 1931; `Об азиатском способепроизводства~, 1930;Е. Иолк _ `К вопросу об основах общественного строя древнего Китая~,1933;Фокс _ ` Взгляды Маркса и Энгельса на азиатский способ производства иих источники~ (`Л. М.~, XIII );Л. Мадьяр _ `К вопросу о Марксовом учении об общественныхформациях~ ;Л. Мадьяр _ `Очерки по экономике Китая~, 1931;Л. Мадьяр _ `Экономика сельского хозяйства в Китае~, 1932;А. И. Штуссер _ `Маркс и Энгельс об Индии~, 1930;Б. И. Равдоникас _ `К вопросу о социологической периодизациипалеолита в связи с взглядами Маркса и Энгельса на первобытноеобщество~ (Известия ГАИМК т . IX, вып 2);А. Шмидт и Равдоникас _` О развитии взглядов Маркса напервобытное общество~, 1931;Кокин и Папаян _ `Цзин-Тянь ~, 1930;Бернштам и Кричевский _ `К вопросу о закономерности развитияархаической формации~, 1933;
68
J. “ekonomisti”, #3, 2015
А. Таксер _ Проблемы общественно-эконом формации (1932 `N. S. M.~,№2);Сафаров _ ` Классы и классовая борьба в истории Китая~;А. Ефимов _ `Концепция экономикических формаций у Маркса иЭнгельса и их взгляды на структуру восточных обществ~ (`ИсторикМарксист т. 16);Эж. Паппер _ `Европейско-американский империализм и китайскаяконтрреволюция~ (`Правда~ от 1/ V);М. Варга _` Перспективы китайской революции~;Генрих Я-н _ `К вопросу о пережитках феодализма в современномКитае~ ;И. Смирнов _` Против попытки ревизии марксистско-ленинского ученияо социально-экономических формациях~;Е. Кричевский _ `Больше марксистско-ленинской четкости в историидоклассового общества~ (Сообщения ГАИМК, №11-12);p. guguSvili _ `saxalxo meurneobis istoria~, ganakveTi I,
1930;
p. guguSvili _ `texnikis marqsistul istoriis Sesaxeb~,
1932;
p. guguSvili _ `ekonomiuri formaciebisaTvis~, 1933.
paata guguSvili
1933. 1. 20
tfilisi.
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70
J. “ekonomisti”, #3, 2015
akademikosi
vasil CantlaZe
(1905-1995)
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72
J. “ekonomisti”, #3, 2015
saerTaSoriso aRiarebis mqone qarTveli finansisti
ivane javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo
universitetis finansebi kaTedris gamge, akademikosi vasil
CantlaZe qarTuli finansuri skolis gamorCeuli moRvawea.
is iyo didi mecnieri da SesaniSnavi pedagogi. mas qarTvel
finansistTa araerTi Taoba hyavs gamozrdili.
sayuradReboa, rom akademikos vasil CantlaZes cno-
bili monografia “finansebis Teoria” iTargmna Cinur enaze
da gamoica CinaTSi, rac misi naSromis didi aRiarebis
maCvenebli iyo.
ivane javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo
universitetsa da saqarTvelos sxvadasxva samecniero Tu
kvleviT dawesebulebebSi warmatebiT agrZeleben samecnie-
ro-pedagogiur moRvaweobas b-ni vasilis mowafeebi.
akademikosi vladimer (lado) papava
ivane javaxiSvilis Tbilisis saxelmwifo
universitetis reqtori, paata guguSvilis
saxelobis ekonomikis institutis mTavari
mecieri TanamSromeli
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74
J. “ekonomisti”, #3, 2015
Aakademikosvasil
CantlaZiscxovreba damoRvaweoba
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J. “ekonomisti”, #3, 2015
mecnierebis WeSmariti raindi – Zalian mokled, am sami
uaRresad tevadi sityviT SeiZleba davaxasiaToT vasil
CantlaZe, Cinebuli maswavlebeli da aRmzrdeli, SesaniSnavi
megobari da samagaliTo mamuliSvili. raindoba ki mecniere-
baSi TavisTavad gulisxmobs mZlavr inteleqtualur sirme-
sTan da simaRlesTan erTad uzarmazar, amouwurav sulier
da zneobriv energias, romelic saTaves iRebs profesio-
naluri moRvaweobisadmi usazRvro erTgulebisa da Tavda-
debis saerTo wiaRidan.
bunebas v. CantlaZisaTvis araferi dauSurebia, arc
fenomenaluri niWi da unari, arc dauSreteli sasicocxlo
energia da axlis Ziebis daucxromeli wyurvili. amiT aixs-
neba is martlac iSviaTi mdgomareoba, rom batoni vasili
erTaderTi qarTveli ekonomistia, romelic uaRresad nayo-
fieri mecnier-pedagogiuri cxovrebiT sunTqavda 70wlis
manZilze da 90 wlis asakSi WabukurigatacebiT eweoda
aqtiuri samecniero da pedagogiuri moRvaweobis mZime da
sapatio Wapans.
diax! aseTi cxovreba aris Seuvali da ukompromiso
brZola amaRlebuli miznis misaRwevad, WeSmaritebis dasad-
genad da namdvilad bednieria vasil CantlaZe, rogorc
mecnieri da pedagogi, romelmacarsebobis yoveli wuTi
aseT brZolaSi mopovebuli, brwyinvalegamarjvebebiT
daagvirgvina. bednierebi varT Cvenc, misi axloblebi, mowa-
feebi, megobrebi da kolegebi, rameTu kargad viciT, visTvis
unda migvebaZa, ra gziT unda gvevlo, vin migveCnia Cveni
cxovrebisa da SemoqmedebiTi samecniero-pedagogiuri moRva-
weobis nimuSad.
man Tavisi cxovrebiT da moRvaweobiT cxadad gviCvena,
rom nebismieri mecnierisadmi farTo sazogadoebis pativis-
cemasa da siyvaruls, aRiarebasa da mokrZalebas mTlianad,
ganapirobebs mkvlevarSi didi mecnieruli codnisa da
maRali adamianuri unar-Cvevebis harmoniuli SeerTeba, ro-
gorc didi ilia brZanebs: `gawvrTnili zne-xasiaTisa da
ganviTarebuli gonebis SeuRleba~. amitomac, batoni vasili
namdvili maswavlebeli, brZeni moZRvari, adamianis sulier
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J. “ekonomisti”, #3, 2015
samyaroSi Rrmad Caxeduli kaci iyo, romelsac saocrad
emarjveboda Seucdomlad ganesazRvra Tavisi moswavleebis
SesaZleblobebi, maTi miswrafebebi da midrekilebebi da
mieca maTTvis ganviTarebisa da ganmtkicebis farTo aspare-
zi. misi uSualo xelmZRvanelobiT xom qarTvel ekonomist
– mecnierTa mTeli Taoba aRizarda, romlebmac mniSvnelo-
vani miRwevebiT sayovelTao pativi da aRaireba moipoves.
batoni vasilis xelmZRvanelobiT daculi mravalricxovani
sadoqtoro da sakandidato disertacia amis utyuari sabu-
Tia.
SeiZleba danamdvilebiT iTqvas, rom batoni vasili
aRmoCnda Tavisi didi maswavleblis, qarTuli ekonomikuri
mecnierebis erT-erTi fuZemdeblis – filipe gogiCaiSvilis
Rirseuli mowafe, saxelovni mimdevari da misi tradiciebis
Tanmimdevruli gamgrZelebeli da ganmaviTarebeli.
vasil CantlaZe daibada 1905 wlis 8 ianvars q. zesta-
fonSi. saSualo ganaTleba saqveynod cnobil Tbilisis vaJ-
Ta I gimnaziaSi miiRo, saswavlebelSi, sadac aRizarda qar-
Tveli xalxis saxelovan SvilTa mTeli pleada. gimnaziis
damTavrebisTanave, 1923 wels, igi xdeba Tbilisis saxelmwi-
fo universitetis studenti. swored aq, erovnuli kadrebis
did samWedloSi, gamoamJRavna batonma vasilma gansakuTre-
buli interesi, alRo da niWi mecnieruli kvlevisadmi. male
Tavisi maswavleblis, filipe gogiCaiSvilis yuradRebac
miipyro da misi winadadebiT, 1927 wels, univesritetis war-
CinebiT damTavrebis Semdeg, datovebul iqna iqve, rogorc
momavlis mqone perspeqtiuli axalgazrda. didi mecnierisa
da patriotis es imedi male gamarTlda. sul raRac sam
weliwadSi batoni vasili aqveynebs ramdenime naSroms.
saqarTvelos ganaTlebis saxalxo komisariatis sakva-
lifikacio komisiis 1932 wlis 14 oqtombris gadawyvetile-
biT, rogorc niWier axalgazrdas da SesaniSnav mkvlevars,
docentis wodeba mieniWa, xolo Tbilisis saxelmwifo
universitetis samecniero sabWom 1941 wels disertaciis
(`gadasaxadebi da siRaribe, henri jorji da misi Tanamoaz-
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J. “ekonomisti”, #3, 2015
reni~) dacvis safuZvelze, ekonomikur mecnierebaTa kandida-
tis samecniero xarisxi mianiWa.
Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetis istoriis, ekonomi-
kisa da iuridiuli fakultetebis gaerTianebuli samecnie-
ro sabWos sxdomaze 1954 wels v. CantlaZem daicva sadoq-
toro disertacia Temaze _ `finansebi reformamdel aRmo-
savleT saqarTveloSi (1801-1864 ww.)~, ris safuZvelzec mas
mieniWa ekonomikur mecnierebaTa doqtoris samecniero xa-
risxi, xolo umaRlesma saatestacio komisiam 1959 wels
mianiWa profesoris wodeba.
prof. v. CantlaZe 1967 wels finansebisa da kreditis ka-
Tedris gamged airCies da am Tanamdebobaze imuSava 21 wlis
manZilze. 1974 wels mas irCeven saqarTvelos ssr mecniere-
baTa akademiis wevr-korespondentad, xolo 1979 wels – aka-
demikosad.
saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa akademiis sistemaSi akademi-
kos paata guguSvilis iniciativiT 1944 wels Camoyalibda
ekonomikis instituti, sadac misi daarsebidan 1980 wlamde
vasil CantlaZe nayofier muSaobas eweoda. man mniSvnelo-
vani wvlili Seitana Teoriuli da didi saxalxo-meurneob-
rivi mniSvnelobis aqtualuri problemebis damuSavebaSi.
pirveli naSromi, romelic vasil CantlaZem 1930 wels
gamoaqveyna, iyo `k. marqsisa da f. engelsis finansuri moZR-
vreba~. axalgazrda mkvlevaris es naSromi ar aris Cveu-
lebrivi, im droisaTvis xarkis moxdis mizniT TiTqmis sa-
valdebulo, trafaretuli formaluri ganxilva marqsisa
da engelsis finansuri Sexedulebebisa. igi marTlac rom
sakiTxisadmi SemoqmedebiTi midgomiT, problemebis yovelmx-
rivi analizis erT-erTi samagaliTo nimuSia, ris kvalobaze
Camoyalibebul daskvnebsa da debulebebs Zala da sicoc-
xlisunarianoba dResac SenarCunebuli aqvs. saerTod unda
iTqvas, rom batoni vasilis yvela naSromi, romelic Seqm-
nilia sabWoTa epoqaSi, isea gajerebuli Rrma mecnieruli
argumentebiT, rom ideolgiuri zegavlena maTze arsebiT
kvals ver tovebs da TiToeuli maTganis Teoriuli da
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J. “ekonomisti”, #3, 2015
praqtikuli faseulobis maRali done yvela droisaTvis
garantirebulia.
zemoT aRniSnul pirvel naSromSi vasil CantlaZe exeba
burJuaziul-finansur literaturaSi im droisaTvis gavr-
celebul Sexedulebas, romlis mixedviTac k. marqss TiTqos
ar ainteresebda finansuri sakiTxebi. v. CantlaZe midis
daskvnamde, rom finansuri sakiTxebi k. marqss gaTvaliswi-
nebuli aqvs Tavisi kvleva-Ziebis gegmis mesame nawilSi, rac
aixsneba misi meTodologiis TaviseburebiT, romlis mixed-
viTac, yovel kategorias kvleva-Ziebisa da gadmocemis arsi-
dan gamomdinare, zeaRsvlis procesSi Tavisi zustad gan-
sazRvruli adgili uWiravs. avtorma Tavis SromebSi daasa-
buTa, rom swori ar aris finansuri kategoriebis imgvari
gadmocema, rogorc amas adgili hqonda finansur literatu-
raSi. k. marqsis mixedviT, kategoriaTa gadmocemis Tanmim-
devroba ganisazRvreba abstraqtulidan konkretulamde
zeaRsvlis gziT. man finansur kategoriaTa kvlevisa da gad-
mocemis dialeqtika gaSlilad da dasabuTebulad mogvca
Tavis meore naSromSi _ `finansur kategoriaTa adgili k.
marqsis ekonomikur sistemaSi~.
v. CantlaZe jer kidev 1930-ian wlebSi amtkicebda, rom
k. marqsis sistemaSi finansuri mecniereba politikuri eko-
nomiis nawilia, rom gadasaxadi, rogorc ekonomikuri ka-
tegoria, ufro konkretuli kategoriaa, vidre miwis renta,
sasesxo kapitali da sxva, rom k. marqsis finansuri moZRv-
reba ganuyreli nawilia misi ekonomikuri moZRvrebisa:
finansuri kategoriebi warmoadgenen ekonomikur kategori-
aTa gaSli formas.
batoni vasilis gamokvlevebs rogorc specialistebi,
ise mkiTxveli sazogadoeba didi interesiT Sexvda, magram
maT Soris mainc minda aRvniSno farTod gaxmaurebuli kapi-
taluri monografia _ `finansebis Teoriis sakiTxebi~, ro-
melmac avtors saqveyno aRiareba da saxeli moutana. msof-
lioSi cnobilma specialistebma es Sroma Seafases rogorc
ekonomikuri mecnierebis oqros fondSi Setanili didi
wvlili. igi iTargmna ucxour enebze, maT Soris Cinuradac
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J. “ekonomisti”, #3, 2015
da milionobiT tiraJiT gamoica sazRvargareT, ramac mis
avtorsa da mTel qrTul mecnierul-ekonomikur azrovnebas
avtoriteti mniSvnelovnad aumaRla.
SeiZleba gansakuTrebul SemTxvevad CaiTvalos batoni
vasilis asakSi (maSin 89 wlisa iyo) gamocemuli SesaniSnavi
monografiuli gamoklveva, `finansuri mencierebis safuZv-
lebi~. am naSromSi gamokveTilia finansuri urTierTobebis
misadageba Tanamedrove sabazro ekonomikis principuli
moTxovnebisadmi, siaxlis grZnoba da am sakiTxis avtori-
seuli naTeli da damajerebeli gadmocemis Seudarebeli
ostatoba.
batonma vasilma Tavisi mecnieruli kvleva-ZiebiT bevr
problematur saidumloebas axada farda, maTi CamoTvla
Sors wagviyvanda, magram mainc minda ramdenime maTganze
Tqveni yuradRebis SeCereba. specialistebisaTvis kargad
aris cnobili, rom finansebs mecnierebis didi jgufi ze-
dnaSenur kategoriad miiCnevda, zogic, SedarebiT viwro wre
mecnierebisa, mas baziss miakuTvnebda. dava maT Soris
saTanado mecnieruli dasabuTebis siRaribiT aTeuli wlo-
biT grZeldeboda. batonma vasilma saTanado wyaroebis Rrma
mecnieruli analiziT am davas wertili dausva da dama-
jereblad cxadyo, rom finansebi iyo, aris da iqneba iseTi
ekonomikuri kategoria, romelic miekuTvneba baziss da ara
zednaSens. es azri ki amJamad sayovelTaod aRiarebulia.
finansur literaturaSi gabatonebuli iyo Sexeduleba,
rom finansebi gaanawilebs da gadaanawilebs erovnul Semo-
savals, da erTobliv sazogadoebriv produqts. es debule-
ba, v. CantlaZis mtkicebiT, ar aris zusti, ramdenadac
erovnuli Semosavali erToblivi sazogadoebrivi produq-
tis nawilia da am or cnebas Soris `da~ zedmetia. es iseve
aralogikuria, rogorc gamonaTqvami: `petrem icis yvela
evropuli ena da franguli ena~. cnebebi _ `erToblivi sa-
zogadoebrivi produqti~ da `erovnuli Semosavali~ mocu-
lobis mixedviT ara urTierTgamomricxavi cnebebia, aramed
pirveli daqvemdebarebeli cnebaa, xolo meore– daqvem-
debarebuli. pirveli cnebis moculoba Seicavs meore cnebis
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J. “ekonomisti”, #3, 2015
moculobas. amasTanave, es moculoba umarTebuloa im mxri-
vac, rom finansebi anawilebs da gadaanawilebs ara marto
erTobliv sazogadoebriv produqts, aramed erovnul sim-
didresac.
didia da fasdaudebeli batoni vasilis mecnieruli
Rvawli fulis, kreditisa da finansebis genezisis gansazRv-
raSi. saqme isaa, rom ekonomistTa erTi nawili uaryofda
finansebis arsebobas kapitalizmamde arsebul sazogadoeb-
riv-ekonomikur formaciebSi da mas kapitalizmisa da so-
cialisturi wyobilebis sikeTed miiCnevda. batonma vasilma
misTvis Cveuli siRrmiT ganixila es sakiTxi da saTanado
masalebze dayrdnobiT daasabuTa finansebis arseboba mo-
naTmflobelur da feodalur sazogadoebebSic. misi mec-
nieruli daskvna imis Sesaxeb, rom fuli da krediti war-
moSobilia pirvelyofili sazogadoebis ganviTarebis maRal
safexurze, xolo finansebi – monaTmflobelur sazogado-
ebaSi, kerZo sakuTrebis klasebisa da saxelmwifos warmo-
Sobis Semdeg, amJamad sayovelTaod aRiarebul WeSmaritebad
SeiZleba miviCnioT.
v. CantlaZes originaluri ganmartebebi aqvs mocemuli
finansuri mecnierebis sagnis meTodisa da amocanebis Se-
saxeb. am mxriv sayuradReboa misi monografiebi _ `finansu-
ri mecnierebis sagani da amocanebi~ da `finansuri Teoriis
sakiTxebi~. gansakuTrebiT ukanaskneli, romelSic mocemu-
lia, sabWoTa kavSirSi finansuri Teoriis ganviTarebis Se-
jamebasTan erTad, mravali axali originaluri debuleba,
romlebic xels Seuwyoben ekonomikuri da, kerZod, finan-
suri mecnierebis aqtualuri sakiTxebis Semdgom damuSave-
basa da gadawyvetas. am SromebSi v. CantlaZem mogvca fu-
lisa da finansebis originaluri dasabuTeba da axsna, Tu
ra SemTxvevaSi iqceva fuli finansebad. saqonlur-fuladi
meurneobis pirobebSi erToblivi sazogadoebrivi produq-
tisa da erovnuli simdidris gafarToebuli aRwarmoeba iw-
vevs sazogadoebrivi fondebis formirebas fulis saxiT.
fuli gamocalkevdeba saqonlis mimoqcevisagan da iwyebs
SedarebiT damoukidebel moZraobas. am safuZvelze iqmneba
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J. “ekonomisti”, #3, 2015
fuladi mimoqceva da fuladi fondebi, rogoric aris biu-
jeturi fondebi, sakredito fondebi, gamocalkavebul gaer-
TianebaTa fuladi fondebi da mosaxleobis fuladi fon-
debi. isini, funqcionirebis xasiaTidan gamomdinare, damou-
kideblad Rebuloben finansur formas.
fuladi fondi, ramdenadac emyareba fulis funqcio-
nirebas, ar aris finansuri fondi. aseT SemTxvevaSi fuli
aris mxolod fuli da ara finansebi. magram, rodesac fuli
ramdenime an yvela misi sazogadoebrivi funqciis Sesrule-
bisas axal Tvisebebs iZens, ise, rom gamoiyeneba erToblivi
sazogadoebrivi produqtisa da erovnuli simdidris gana-
wileba – gadanawilebis, meurneobrivi angariSianobis gata-
rebis da kontrolis saSualebad, maSin finansebad iqceva.
amgvarad, formirebuli da gamoyenebuli fuladi fondi
aris finansuri fondi. fuladi fondi finansur xasiaTs
Rebulobs imisgan damoukideblad, is fulis erT romelime
funqcias asrulebs Tu samives erTad.
vasil CantlaZem originaluri kvleva mogvca me-11 da
me-12 saukuneebis saqarTvelos ekonomikuri mdgomareobis
Sesaxeb naSromis `istoriani da azmani SaravandedTanis~ er-
Ti adgilis gagebisaTvis. teqstis is adgili, sadac naTqva-
mia: `Tqmul ars eseca, daRaTu mauwyebel ars sityva, vi-
Tarmed TvisTa xeliTa amisca Svreboda, romel mis dRisa
saWamadi mis daafasos da raodeni dRiv SesWamis, xelsaq-
marsa missa ganyidis da egodensa fassa glaxakTa axelsaq-
mnis da miscis ara samefos SemosavliTgan~.
istorikosebi amas aZlevdnen Semdeg axsnas: Tamar mefe
yoveldRiur Tavis `saWamads~ afasebda da mis Rirebulebas
urigebda Ratakebs ara samefo Semosavlidan, aramed Tavisi
xelsaqmeobiT damzadebuli nivTebis gayidvis amonagebidan.
es axsna vasil CantlaZes ar miaCnda sworad da mogvca Sem-
degi originalurad dasabuTebuli axsna: Tamari rogorc
Tavisi xeliT akeTebda saqmeebs, aseve glaxakebsac asaqmeb-
da, e.i. xelsaqmes akeTebinebda. dasaqmebul muSebs aZlevda
ulufas, dRiur sazrdos. maT dRiur `saWamads~ afasebda
warmoebis danaxarjebis gaangariSebisaTvis. ama Tu im
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J. “ekonomisti”, #3, 2015
odenobis produqtebis damzadebis periodSi, ramdeni dRisa-
sac SeWamdnen, mxedvelobaSi Rebulobdnen maTi xelsaqmaris
gayidvidan amoRebuli wminda Semosavlis gamosaangariSeb-
lad. amgvarad, dasaqmebuli glaxakebi daxmarebas Rebu-
lobdnen ara samefo Semosavlidan, e.i. ara biujeturi way-
rodan, aramed am warmoebaSi maT mierve Seqmnili Rirebu-
lebidan.
SeiZleba danamdvilebiT iTqvas, rom batoni vasilis
yvela naSromi, statia Tu zepiri gamosvla, siaxliT sunT-
qavs. SeuZlebelia saqmeSi Caxedulma kacma maTSi ar daina-
xos, ar igrZnos avtoris didi ruduneba da sakiTxisadmi
SemoqmedebiTad midgomis gasaocari unari. es ki rCeulTa
xvedria da batoni vasilic maT Soris amaRlebul, sapatio
adgils ikavebs.
batonma vasilma, didma patriotma, qarTveli xalxis
sxva Rirseul mamuliSvilTa msgavsad, kvleviTi muSaobis
ZiriTad sagnad gaixada erovnuli azrovnebis umdidres da
mravalferovan wiaRSi ekonomikuri sibrZnis elvare marga-
litebis moZebna – gamomzeureba da saerTaSoriso mecnie-
rul asparezze warmodgena, rogorc brwyinvale magaliTi
qarTveli xalxis ekonomikuri azris siRrmisa, mravalsauku-
novani asakisa, gamZleobisa da sicocxlisunarianobisa. am
did saqmes uZRvna mravali Sroma, statia da sxvadasxva
Sekrebebsa da simpoziumebze sayuradRebo gamosvlebi. jer
kidev sadoqtoro disertaciaSi, `finansebi reformamdel
aRmosavleT saqarTveloSi~, romelic, rogorc zemoT aRv-
niSneT, warmatebiT daicva 1954 wels, batonma vasilma Cveu-
li sicxadiTa da saocari logikuri msjelobiT gviCvena,
rom XIX saukunis pirvel naxevarSi finansebis, rogorc
qarTuli ekonomikuri azrovnebis erT-erTi ZiriTadi mimar-
Tulebis mecnieruli codnis done sakmaod maRali iyo da
mravalmxriv originaluri, azrTa siRrmiT – saintereso da
praqtikuli TvalsazrisiT – progresuli. es naSromi calke
wignad gamovida 1975 wels da warmoadgens kapitalur ga-
mokvlevas, sadac mocemulia finansebis ganviTarebis kanon-
zomiereba reformamdel aRmosavleT saqarTveloSi. SeiZle-
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J. “ekonomisti”, #3, 2015
ba iTqvas, rom am naSromSi, mecnieruli kvlevis meTodolo-
giur principebze dayrdnobiT, farTo istoriografiuli da
mdidari wyaroTmcodneobiTi bazisis mecnieruli gamoyene-
biT gamokvleulia rigi ekonomikuri da ekonomikur-isto-
riuli mecnierebis mier Seuswavleli sakiTxebisa.
am dargis problemaTa Soris gansakuTrebiT aRsaniSna-
via Sroma `sulxan-saba orbelianis ekonomikuri Sexedule-
bani~. igi sayuradReboa im mxriv, rom warmoadgens pirvel
cdas sulxan-saba orbelianis ekonomikur SexedulebaTa
Camoyalibebisa da dasabuTebisa da mecxramete saukunemdeli
qarTuli ekonomikuri azris Seswavlisa.
naSromi iwyeba epoqis istoriuli mimoxilviT da sabas
socialur SexedulebaTa daxasiaTebiT. amis Semdeg ganxi-
lulia mwerlis Sexedulebani sazogadoebrivi cxovrebis
safuZvlis, simdidris wyaros, fasis, fulis rogorc kapi-
talis, zedmeti produqtis problemebis, xelfasis, kredi-
tisa da finansebis Sesaxeb da mTavrdeba sabas Tavgamode-
biTi brZolis daxasiaTebiT saqarTvelos erovnuli mTli-
anobisa da meurneobriv-politikuri aRorZinebisaTvis. sabas
ekonomikuri Sexedulebani Seswavlilia ara marto TavisTa-
vad, aramed SedarebiTi xerxis gamoyenebiT, igi ganxilulia
msoflio ekonomikuri azris ganviTarebis aspeqtSi. am Sro-
maSi dasabuTebulia im droisaTvis progresuli debuleba
sulxan-saba orbelianisa, romliTac igi 70 wliT win usw-
rebs fiziokratiuli mimarTulebis mamamTavars – fransua
kenes. es sakiTxi moxsenda ekonomist-istorikosTa saerTaSo-
riso kongress leningradSi 1970 wlis agvistoSi. moxsenebis
teqsti daibeWda da gavrcelda rusul da inglisur enebze.
v. CantlaZis damsaxurebas warmaodgens agreTve is, rom
man ara marto gamoikvlia es sakiTxi, aramed danerga kidec.
es aRmoCena saerTaSoriso kongresze gaitana da misi kvle-
vis safuZvelze politikuri ekonomiis enciklopediis re-
daqciam enciklopediaSi Seitana sulxan-saba orbeliani,
rogorc fiziokratiuli skolis winamorbedi Tavisi eko-
nomikuri SexedulebebiT.
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J. “ekonomisti”, #3, 2015
erovnuli ekonomikuri azrovnebis sidiadisa da ukvda-
vebis didi himnia batoni vasilis SemoqmedebiTi moRvaweobis
namdvili `margaliti~ _ SoTa rusTavelis ekonomikuri ide-
ebi. am wignis Sesaxeb kvlvac bevri daiwereba, mis Sefasebas
didi dro, codna da energia sWirdeba, magram Zalian mok-
led da zogadad aqac ramdenime sityviT minda Sevexo. karg
mTqmels kargi gamgone undao, zustad am naSromzea naTqvami.
genialuri poetis mxatvrul qaragmaSi moqceuli ekonomi-
kuri Sexedulebebi batonma vasilma gamoicno didi sizus-
tiTa da sisruliT. igi erT-erTi pirvelTagania, romelmac
`vefxistyaosani~ martivad da gasagebad waikiTxa ekonomikis
enaze da ase martivad, mimzidvelad da saintersod miawoda
igi mkiTxvels. magram mTavaria, ra miawoda? pirveli is, rom
XII saukuneSi Cvens ers hyavda uzarmazari poeti, romelmac
Tavis uvkdav qmnileba `vefxistyaosanSi~ gasaocari siRmriT
Caaqsova `ekonomikuri poezia~, epoqis ekonomikuri sunTqvis
mamoZravebeli Zalebi da kanonzomierebebi; meore is, rom es
Zalebi da kanonzomierebebi, erovnuli elferis miuxedavad,
namdvilad idga ganaTlebuli msoflios ekonomikuri stan-
dartebis doneze; mesame is, rom SoTa rusTavelis `ekono-
mikuri poezia~ ar iyo marto XII saukunis ekonomikuri
mdgomareobis amsaxveli. igi srulyofilad asaxavda momava-
li saukuneebis progresulad moazrovne sazogadoebis sa-
nukvar miznebsa da interesebs da am mxriv igi ukvdavia;
meoTxe is, rom saxelmwifo siZliere, sazogadoebis sisxl-
savse cxovreba, adamianis bedniereba warmoudgenelia mtkice
ekonomikuri bazisis gareSe patiosani Sromis, baraqisa da
dovlaTis siuxvis gareSe; mexuTe is, rom aseTi pirobebis
SeqmnisaTvis aucilebelia epoqis Sesabamisi ekonomikuri
politikis SemuSaveba, romlis ZiriTadi mizani iqneba: xal-
xis, mTeli sazogadoebis keTildReoba, progresis uangaro
samsaxuri, borotebis winaaRmdeg daundobeli brZola,
sindisisa da patiosnebis wina planze wamoweva, mowyalebisa
da qvelmoqmedebis farTod gaSla da a.S.
am naSromis erT-erTi mTavari Rirseba imaSi mdgoma-
reobs, rom misi avtori, konkretuli ekonomikuri pozicie-
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bidan gamomdinare, mkacri logikurobiT naTels hfens `vef-
xistyaosanTan~ dakavSirebul rig sociologiur, filoso-
fiur da sxva sakiTxebs, amis gamo igi Sefasebul unda iqnas
rogorc naTeli magaliTi imisa, rom `vefxistyaosanis~
maRali mxatvruli saxeebi asxivosneben azrebs, brZnuli
azrebiT, Tavisi mxriv, elvarebas mateben `mxatvrul sa-
xeebs~. es harmonia ki ukvdavyofs mis Semoqmeds. darwmu-
nebuli var, rom batoni vasili, sxva rom araferi Seeqmna,
marto am gamokvleviTac daimkvidrebda amaRlebul, sapatio
adgils erovnuli ekonomikuri azrovnebis istoriaSi.
didi amagi dasdo batonma vasilma qarTveli xalxis
ukvdavi Svilis, ilia WavWavaZis ekonomikuri ideebis Seswav-
la-gamomzeurebas, progresuli ganviTarebadi mxareebis Cve-
nebas, am idéebis originaluri xasiaTis, maRali donisa da
sicocxlisunarianobis sayovelTao aRiarebas.
mokrZalebuli pativisemiT da siyvaruliTaa gamsWvalu-
li batoni vasilis Sromebi, romelic eZRvneba ivane java-
xiSvilis ekonomikur-finansuri Sexedulebebis Seswavlas. am
SromebSi damtkciebulia, rom ivane javaxiSvili aris pir-
veli mkvlevari, romelmac saqarTvelos ekonomikur-finan-
suri azrovnebis istoria mtkice mecnierul sistemaSi moaq-
cia da amiT dasabami misca mis Tanmimdevrul da sistematur
kvleva-Ziebas.
prof. v. CantlaZem sakmaod didi muSaoba gaswia agreTve
ekonomikis terminologiis damuSavebis xaziT. miiRo mona-
wileoba rusul-qarTuli da qarTul-rusuli ekonomikis
terminologiis SedgenaSi, Seadgina rusul-qarTuli da qar-
Tul-rusuli finansur-sakredito terminologia da agreTve
rusul-qarTuli da qarTul-rusuli statistikuri termino-
logia. amasTanave, dawera ganmartebani rigi terminebisa
qarTuli sabWoTa enciklopediis I-XII tomebisaTvis; gamoaq-
veyna ramdenime statia qarTul enaze zogierTi ekonomikuri
terminis gagebis sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT.
batonma vasilma didi codna da energia moaxmara finan-
sebisa da kreditis specialobis studentebisaTvis origina-
luri saxelmZRvaneloebis Seqmnas, romlebic naTargmn da
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qarTul enaze daweril sxva saxelmZRvaneloebze gacilebiT
gamZle da stabiluri aRmoCnda. am saxelmZRvaneloTa rigs
miekuTvneba `kapitalistur saxelmwifoTa finansebi~, `finan-
suri mecnierebis sagani da amocanebi~, `finansebi da kredi-
ti~, `fulis, kreditis da finansebis istoria~ da sxva. swo-
red am saxelmZRvaneloebze aRizardnen specialistTa mTe-
li Taobebi. aseTi triumfi ki ganapiroba ara marto didma
mecnierulma codnam da araCveulebrivma meTodikurma osta-
tobam, aramed yvelaferTan erTad, namdvilad SesaSurma
pedagogiurma niWma da alRom, WeSmariti maswavleblisaTvis
damaxasiaTebelma unar-Cvevebma.
70 weliwadi vasil CantlaZe leqciebs kiTxulobda
ganuwyveteli staJiT, didi codniTa da enTuziazmiT. man
aRuzarda Teoriuli da praqtikuli codniT SeiaraRebuli
mravali specialisti Cvens umaRles saswavleblebs da
qveynis saxalxo meurneobis da kulturis sxvadasxva dargs.
vasil CantlaZe eweoda aqtiur sazogadoebriv moRva-
weobas, iyo mravali samecniero sabWos wevri. miRebuli
hqonda mTavrobis jildoebi. mieniWa saqarTvelos mecnie-
rebis damsaxurebuli moRvawis sapatio wodeba, dajildovda
saqarTvelos umaRlesi sabWos prezidiumis sapatio sige-
liT da sxv.
bolo wlebSi Tavs datexili tragikuli gancdebis
gamo usaSvelo da uTqmeli sevdiT gulamovsebuli mecnieri,
maswavlebeli da aRmzrdeli, amqveyniur cxovrebas samara-
disod ganeSora.
1995 wlis ianvarSi dabadebis 90 wlis iubile gada-
vuxadeT. iqneb simboluric iyo saiubileo welSi misi didi
sicocxlis dasruleba. miuxedavad xandazmulobisa, mis mex-
sierebas bzari ar Sehparvia, Cveuli SeupovrobiTa da Sro-
mismoyvareobiT kiTxulobda leqciebs da brwyinvale mecnie-
ruli memkvidreoba dautova momaval Taobas.
aravisTvis sakamaTo ar gamxdara, rom vasil CantlaZe
uzarmazar codnas flobda, arasodes gamorCeboda ara mar-
to msoflio finansist-ekonomistTa, aramed sxva dargebis
mecnierTa ukanaskneli naSromebi da miRwevebi. CamoTvlac ki
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J. “ekonomisti”, #3, 2015
gamiWirdeboda yvela dargisa, imdenad farTo da yovlismom-
cveli iyo misi mecnieruli interesebis sfero, Tvalsa-
wieri.
baton vasilTan, rogorc Cems maswavlebelTan mravali
wlis axlo urTierToba makavSirebda da ar maxsovs masTan
arc erTi Sexvedra, sadac ar megrZno misi siTbo, sikeTe,
maRali kultura, ubraloeba, Tavmdabloba, Tanadgoma da
pativiscema. mis pirovnebaSi pedantobis natamalsac ver aR-
moaCendiT. Tavisufal dros saocrad uyvarda Tavis megob-
rebTan, kolegebTan, studentebTanac ki eqskursiebi, mol-
xena da puroba. ver itanda xelmocarulTa qedmaRlobas,
yoyoCobas, adamianis upirveles Rirsebad Tavmdabloba
miaCnda, yvelgan da yvelaferSi amaRlebuls, mSveniersa da
lamazs eZebda. kacurad icxovra da didebuladac Seasrula
Tavisi didi movaleoba Tavisi xalxis winaSe, rogorc
mecnierebis WeSmaritma raindma, mecnierebis sindisma da
namusma, gamoCenilma sazogado moRvawem, rogorc ubadlo
megobarma da maswavlebelma.
prof. gedevan xelaia
28.11.14
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J. “ekonomisti”, #3, 2015
vaso Zias xsovnas
biblioTeka da kabineti
daaxlovebiT aTi wlis asakSi socialuri klasifikaciis
pirveli idea momivida TavSi: arian adamianebi (ojaxebi),
romelTa binaSi aris wignebi (biblioTeka) da aris saweri
magida (kabineti); da arian adamianebi (ojaxebi), romlebsac
aseTi ram ar gaaCniaT...
mamaCemis axlo megobrebs, yvelas hqonda biblioTeka-
kabineti.
arsebiTad, paata guguSvilis ojaxi biblioTekaSi iyo
ganTavsebuli. TiTqmis yvela oTaxSi iyo karadebi an Weramde
Taroebi gaWedili literaturiT. yvelas Cven-Cveni biblioTeka
gvqonda - mamas aTasobiT mecnieruli wigni, Jurnali da sqeli
saqaRalde; dedas ramdenime Taro qarTuli da rusuli an
rusulad naTargmni romanebi da literaturuli Jurnalebi; me
da Cems Zmas sakmaod didi karada samecniero-popularuli,
sabavSvo literatura, romelTa Soris TandaTanobiT
upiratesad mecnierulifantastikis wignebi sWarbobda.
merve klasidan me sakuTari saweri magidac gamiCnda,
romelzec bolos sakandidato disertacia davwere da pirveli
qarTuli kompiuterulidamwerloba Sevqmeni.
rodesac Tbilisis binaSi wignebi ukve aRar gveteoda d
maTi nawili wyneTis agarakze avitaneT, sadac amisTvis, bolos
momcro calke saTavsoc avageT.
mamis tola da sadari kabineti-biblioTekebi hqondaT mis
megobrebs d vaso Zias da baton Salva nucubiZes. yrmobisas
vaso Zias biblioTekaSi sakmarod bevri dro mitarebia. ro-desac mSoblebi wveulebis sufras usxdnen, me neba mqonda
darTuli aq enciklopediebi mekiTxa - Cemi sayvareli lite-ratura. vaso ZiasTan yvelaze ufro momwonda revoluciamdeli
~brokhauzisa da efronisa~. misi didi nawili aq wavikiTxeyvela Temaze, ganurCevlad.
mama, zogadad Tavis kabinetSi cxovrobda da eZina kidec,
danarCeni ojaxis wevrebisgan Zlier gansxvavebul reJimSi,
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J. “ekonomisti”, #3, 2015
romlis gamoc arsebiTad mamas mxolod tradiciuli ojaxuri
sadilisas vxvdebodiT.
am TemasTan dakavSirebiT erTi momenti maxsendeba.
daaxloebiT samocdaaTian wlebSi mama erTma ~didma kacma~
miiwvia ojaxSi nadimze. mamam bina SeaTvaliera da gakvirve-
bulma hkiTxa maspinZels: ojaxSi wignebi ar gaqvTo? maspin-
Zelma amayad upasuxa: rogor ara, telefonebis sacnobaro
wigni gvaqvso... mama maSinaTve adga da usityvod gaecala ~didi
kacis~ wveulebas...
televizors arc mama da arc vaso Zia ar uyurebnen,
arsebiTad gazeTebsac ar kiTxulobdnen. Cvens ojaxSi mamas
dekreti aseTi iyo: televizori araumetes 2 saaTi dReSi - axali
ambebi da Tu sasargeblo rame kinofilmi iyo... samagierod dmama
gvian RamiT xSirad usmenda ~radio Tavisuflebisa~ da
~amerikis xmis~ gadacemebs -- Tavisi Zviriani da Zlieri radi-
oTi, Zalze dabal xmaze, ise rom ucxos ar gaego...
vaso Zia sufraze
aTobiT wlis ganmavlobaSi, paata guguSvilis ojaxSi,
ufro kvira diliT, TveSi sul cota or-samjer imarTeboda
wveuleba uaxloesi megobrebisTvis ufro xSirad xaSis Temaze.
TveSi Tundac erTxel ki saRamos wveuleba ufro farTo
wrisaTvis. ar maxsovs Tundac erTi SemTxveva, rom vaso Zia da
Zaguli deida ar yofiliyvnen sufrasTan.
vaso Ziam yvelasgan gansxvavebuli, unikaluri sadRegrZe-
loebi icoda, gansakuTrebiT Tu es uaxloes megobrebs exe-boda. misi yoveli aseTi sadRegrZelo moTxrobili an mciredgaleqsili patara novela iyo, rogorc wesi romantikul
JanrSi, magaliTad rogorc sasiyvarulo werili... da, es
sadRegrZelo-novela auCqareblad, rbili da Tbili artis-
tizmiT iTqmoda. araa gasakviri, rom vaso Zias vaJi, Tengizi
Zalze popularuli artisti gaxda. maswavlebeli mas ojaxSihyavda. Tumca ver vityvi, rom Tengizi vaso Ziaze ufro niWieri
artisti iyo...
aranakleb xSirad marTavda wveulebas Zaguli dedidac,
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J. “ekonomisti”, #3, 2015
stumrebis TiTqmis imave SemdgenlobiT. xolo, rodesac Tengiz
CantlaZe popularuli da Zalze cnobili gaxda, CantlaZeebisojaxSi ukve gaxSirda xalxmravali nadimebi, romlebzec
stumrebis udidesi nawili ukve msaxiobebi da sxva Semoqmede-
biTi dargebis warmomadgenlebi iyvnen, Sesabamisi donissimRerebiTada galobiT.
mamasTan, sufraze ki viwro wreSi, dabal xmaze wauRi-
Rinebdnen, ufro xSirad mamaCemis sayvarel simReras, ase:
„bindisferia sofeli, TandaTan ufro binddeba,warmavalia naTeli sul mosaCvenad brwyindeba
ra aris Cveni sicocxle CitiviT gagvifrindeba,
Cvens nasaxlarzeodesRac balaxi abibindeba.
imasac mokled uvlia, vinc grZlad egona iara,
Tofs Jangi SeWams, Jangs miwa, kacis guls dardis iara,
mova sikvdili uCino, erT wamSi agvyris iaraRs,
Cven ras waviRebT imqveynad, sxvas ara wauRia-ra...“
magram, am naRvlians ufro optimisturs miayolebdnen:
„davloT sanam erTad varT,sanam erTmaneTs vxedavTo,
javri maSinac gveyofa
Sav lods rom amovxedavTo“
Ramis mocionebi
sul cota ori aTeuli weli, mamasa da vaso Zias piradi
urTierTobis ZiriTadi nawili Ramis TiTqmis yoveldRiuri
mocionisas xdeboda. rasac ZiriTadad mxolod erT-erTis
avadmyofoba an Zlieri uamindoba SeiZleboda aRdgomoda win.
mocioni iwyeboda da mTavrdeboda ~mrgval baRTan~ da
karg amindSi da kargi ganwyobisas ~vakis parkamde~ grZel-
deboda. mocions axlda ganuwyveteli saubari da azrTa
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gacvla-gamocvla -- Tematika ki ukidegano iyo. erTxel xumro-
biT davuangariSe -- sul cota 7-8 aTasi saaTi gaqvT aseT
saubrebSi gatarebuli, meTqi. me meti megonao -- momigo...
Zalze xSirad sanam mama da vaso Zia seirnobdnen -- deda da
Zaguli deida telefoniT saubrobdnen -- dawyebuli ojaxuri
garemoebebiT, janmrTelobiT, kerZebis damzadebiTa da par-
ketis ukeT gapialebis meTodebiTdamTavrebuli...
vaso Zias da Zaguli deidas siyvaruliT,
besarion guguSvili
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mniSvnelovani RonisZiebebi
akademikos paata guguSvilis dabadebidan 110-e
wlisTavisadmi miZRvnili RonisZiebebi
2015 wlis 10 ivliss ivane javaxiSvilis saxelobis
Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetis paata guguSvilis sa-
xelobis ekonomikis institutSi Catarda akademikos paata
guguSvilis dabadebidan 110-e wlisTavisadmi miZRvnili
saerTaSoriso samecniero-praqtikuli konferencia Temaze:
`erovnuli ekonomikebis mdgradi ganviTarebis aqtualuri
problemebi~.
konferenciis plenaruli sxdoma gaxsna paata guguS-
vilis saxelobis ekonomikis institutis direqtorma, samec-
niero sabWos Tavmjdomarem, emd., prof. ramaz abesaZem,
romelmac didi madloba gadauxada qarTvel da ucxoel
mecnierebs konferenciaSi monawileobisaTvis. emd. prof. r.
abesaZem Tavis gamosvlaSi yuradReba gaamaxvila akademikos
paata guguSvilis damsaxurebaze, konferenciis Tematikasa
da konferenciis mniSvnelobaze, rogorc ekonomikuri mec-
nierebis ganviTarebis, ise sazRvargareTis qveynebTan samec-
niero kavSirebis gafarToebis TvalsazrisiT.
konferenciis monawileebs miesalma da warmatebebi
usurva Tsu-s reqtorma akademikosma vladimer papavam. man
isaubra akademikos paata guguSvilis, rogorc didi mecni-
erisa da mecnierebis organizatoris, aseve institutis
winaSe mdgomi amocanebisa da gamowvevebis Sesaxeb. akademi-
kosi vladimer papava konferenciaze aseve gamovida samec-
niero moxsenebiT.
konferenciis muSaobaSi monawileobas iRebda moskovis
marTvis saxelmwifo universitetis kaTedris gamge, emd
prof. albert zarnaZe, ioane-pavle meoris saxelobis lub-
linis kaTolikuri universitetis profesori, ekonomikur
mecnierebaTa doqtori slavomir particki (poloneTi).
agreTve konferenciaSi monawileobas iRebdnen mecnierebi
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poloneTis, moldovis, ukrainis, yazaxeTis, ruseTis, da
sxva qveynebis samecniero wreebidan.
konferencias eswrebodnen Tsu mecnierebis ganviTa-
rebis departamentis Tavmjdomare irakli RvedaSvili da
Tavmjdomaris moadgile Tea wiTlanaZe, Tsu ekonomikisa da
biznesis fakultetis dekani emd, prof. Teimuraz beriZe.
konferenciis muSaobaSi monawileoba miiRo, konferen-
cias miesalmnen da plenarul sxdomaze samecniero moxsene-
bebiT gamovidnen Cveni qveynisa da sazRvargareTis mecnier-
ekonomistebi. sazRvargareTidan _ profesorebi: slavomir
particki (poloneTi), albert zarnaZe (ruseTi), da sxva.
saqarTvelodan _ profesorebi: Temur Sengelia, vaxtang
burduli da sxvebi.
plenaruli sxdomis Semdeg konferenciam muSaoba seq-
ciebis mixedviT ganagrZo.
konferenciis muSaoba warimarTa Semdeg samecniero
seqciebSi: ekonomikuri Teoriis (xelmZRvanelebi: profeso-
rebi: alfred kurataSvili da murman kvaracxelia); msof-
lio ekonomikisa da saerTaSoriso ekonomikuri urTierTo-
bebis (xelmZRvanelebi: ekonomikis doqtorebi: iza naTelau-
ri, revazjavaxiSvili); makroekonomikis (xelmZRvanelebi:
ekonomikis doqtorebi: nanuli arevaZe,gulnaz erqomai-
Svili); seqtoruli da regionuli ekonomikis (xelmZRvane-
lebi: emd, vaxtang burduli, ekonomikis doqtori zurab
reviSvili); mdgradi ganviTarebis ekonomikuri problemebi
(xelmZRvanelebi: prof. Tina CxeiZe, ekonomikisdoqtori
mamuka xuskivaZe); mikroekonomikisa da biznesis adminis-
trirebis (xelmZRvanelebi: prof. giorgi berulava, ekono-
mikis doqtori eTeri kakulia); finansebisa da sabanko
saqmis (xelmZRvanelebi: ekonomikis doqtorebi: Tea lazara-
Svili, maia gogoxia); socialuri da demografiuli prob-
lemebis (xelmZRvanelebi: ekonomikis doqtorebi: elene
Ciqovani, lia CareqiSvili).
samecniero seqciebis xelmZRvanelebma seqciebis muSao-
bis Sejamebisas yuradReba gaamaxviles qveynis ekonomikuri
ganviTarebis im problemebze, romlebic wamoWres momxseneb-
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lebma. samecniero seqciebis xelmZRvanelebma, aseve qarT-
velma da ucxoelma mecnierebma aRniSnes, rom konferencia
Catarda maRalmecnierul doneze da momxseneblebis mier
warmoCenil iqna araerTi mecnieruli siaxle, winadadeba da
rekomendacia.
Tsu paata guguSvilis saxelobis ekonomikis institu-
tis direqtorma emd, prof. ramaz abesaZem dadebiTad Sea-
fasa konferenciis muSaoba.
11 ivliss gaimarTa paata guguSvilis dabadebidan 110-e
wlisTavisadmi miZRvnili saiubileo-sazeimo sxdoma.
sxdomas uZRveboda Tsu paata guguSvilis saxelobis
ekonomikis institutis direqtori emd, prof. ramaz abesaZe.
sxdomam wuTieri pativi miago akademiis wevr-koresponden-
tis profesor leo Ciqavas xsovnas. prof. ramaz abesaZem
Tavis vrcel moxsenebaSi – “akademikos paata guguSvilis
cxovreba da moRvaweoba” isaubra akademikos paata guguS-
vilis cxovrebisa da Semoqmedebis Sesaxeb.
saiubileo sxdomaze akademikos p. guguSvilis moRva-
weobasTan dakavSirebiT mogonebebiT gamovida iv. javaxiS-
vilis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetis req-
tori, akademikosi vladimer papava.
mogonebebiT gamovida aseve ilias saxelmwifo universi-
tetis demografiisa da sociologiis institutis direqto-
ri emd, prof. avTandil sulaberiZe, Tsu biznesis fakul-
tetis dekani emd, prof. Temur beriZe, emd, prof. nodar
WiTanava, emd, prof. Temur Sengelia, ekonomikis doqtori
lina daTunaSvili da sxvebi. maT farTod gaaSuqes akademi-
kos paata guguSvilis moRvaweoba rogorc mecnieris, peda-
gogis, pirovnebisa da sxva.
Tsu paata guguSvilis saxelobis ekonomikis institu-
tis direqtorma, emd, prof. ramaz abesaZem erTxel kidev
madloba gadauxada damswre sazogadoebas saiubileo Ronis-
ZiebebSi monawileobisaTvis da dadebiTad Seafasa rogorc
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saerTaSoriso konferenciis, ise saiubileo-sazeimo sxdomis
muSaoba.
saiubileo dReebSi gaimarTa kulturuli RonisZiebebi.
lina daTunaSvili
p. guguSvilis saxelobis ekono-
mikis institutis swavluli
mdivani, ekonomikis doqtori;
Tea lazaraSvili
institutis ganyofilebis gamge,
ekonomikis doqtori
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xsovna
profesori leo Ciqava
saqarTvelos ekonomikurma sazogadoebam dididanaklisi ganicada. 87 wlis asakSi gardaicvalagamoCenili qarTveli mecnieri, pedagogi dasazogado moRvawe, saqarTvelos mecnierebaTaerovnuli akademiis wevr-korespondenti, ekono-mikur mecnierebaTa doqtori, profesori leoCiqava.
profesori leo Ciqava daibada 1928 wlis 20 Tebervalszugdidis raionis sofel kokSi. 1950 wels man daamTavra Tbi-
lisis saxelmwifo universitetis ekonomikis fakulteti.1955–1969 wlebSi iyo saqarTvelos politeqnikuri institutisufrosi maswavlebeli, docenti da profesori, 1969–1974wlebSi ucxo enaTa saxelmwifo pedagogiuri institutis po-litekonomiis kaTedris gamge, 1974–1983 wlebSi ki saqarTve-los politeqnikuri institutis politekonomiis kaTedrisgamge. 1983–1990 wlebSi igi saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa akade-miis ekonomikisa da samarTlis institutis direqtoris mo-adgilea. igi iyo saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa akademiis demog-rafiisa da sociologiuri kvlevis institutis damfuZnebelida misi ucvleli direqtori 1990–2006 wlebSi. 1997 wlidanigi iyo mis mier dafuZnebuli paata guguSvilis saxelobissaswavlo universitetis reqtori. 1999 wlidan batoni leoxelmZRvanelobda saxelmwifo samsaxuris marTvis, momza-debis, gadamzadebisa da kvalifikaciis amaRlebis centrs.
1954 wels man warmatebiT daicva sakandidato disertacia,xolo 1968 wels sadoqtoro disertacia.
farToa batoni leos samecniero kvlevis sfero. misinaSromebi miekuTvneba ekonomikuri Teoriis, makroekonomikis,mrewvelobis, demografiis, sociologiis, terminologiisproblemebs. igi aris 170–ze meti samecniero naSromis, aqedan
– 21 monografiis, wignisa da broSuris avtori.farTo aRiareba moipova misma monografiebma, rogoricaa:
“demologia da misi kanonTa sistema“ (2008), „inovaciuri ekono-mika“ (2006), da „აramaterialuri warmoebis sferos politeko-nomiuri aspeqtebი“ (1987),, saxelmZRvaneloebma: „ekonomikuriTeoriis mokle kursi“ (1997) da „სaqarTvelos ekonomikა“ (1995)da sxv. gansakuTrebiT aRsaniSnavia misi terminologiurileq-
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sikoni „Экономическая и демографическая терминология“, romelicekonomistebis samagido wignia da romelic akademikosebispaata guguSvilisa da vasil CantlaZis daumTavrebeli naS-romis safuZvelze daasrula, riTac man didi vali moixadamisi winamorbedebis winaSe.
batoni leo iyo misi iniciativiT dafuZnebuli saqarT-velos ekonomikur mecnierebaTa akademiis ucvleli prezi-denti, araerTi adgilobrivi da saerTaSoriso organizaciis,samecniero Jurnalebis redkolegiis wevri da sxv. batonileos xelmZRvanelobiT aRizarda sdudentTa da mecnierTaaraerTi Taoba, romlebic warmatebiT saqmianobdnen dasaqmianoben qveynis sakeTildReod.
sadac ki saqmianobda, batoni leo avlenda mecnierisniWierebas da gasaocar Sromisunarianobas, organizatorisprincipulobasa da obieqturobas, adamianur sikeTes da mim-teveblobas. yovelive amis gamo man xalxis didi siyvaruli dapativiscema daimsxura.
batoni leo didi samecniero da pedagogiuri saqmiano-bisaTvis dajildoebuliiyo saqarTvelosRirsebis ordeniT.
SesaniSnavi mecnieris, pedagogisa da sazogado moRvawis,brwyinvale megobris, keTilSobili adamianis, saqarTvelosmecnierebaTa erovnuli akademiis wevr-korespondentis,ekonomikur mecnierebaTa doqtoris, profesor leo CiqavasnaTeli xsovna mudam darCeba, misi kolegebis, megobrebisa daaRzrdilebis gulSi.
saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa erovnuliakademia
ivane javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisissaxelmwifo universiteti
Tsu paata guguSvilis saxelobisekonomikis instituti
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Pprofesori amiran jibuti
qarTvel ekonomistTa sazogadoebas, inteligen-cias gamoakldaTvalsaCino mecnier-ekonomis-ti, ekonomikis mecnierebaTa doqtori, profe-sori, saqarTvelos ekonomikis mecnierebaTaakademiis akademikosi, niu-iorkis mecnierebaTaakademiis wevri amiran jibuti.
daibada 1928 wels, Coxatauris raionis sofel Sua-amaRlebaSi. daamTavra Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetisekonomikis fakulteti. sxvadasxva dros muSaobda bankSiekonomistad, bankis mmarTvelad, saSualo skolis direqto-rad, saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa erovnuli akademiis ekono-mikis institutis ganyofilebis gamged, saqarTvelos sasof-lo-sameurneo warmoebis saxelmwifo komitetis agrosamrew-velo gaerTianebis mTavari sammarTvelos ufrosis pirvelmoadgiled, sasoflo-sameurneo institutis politikuriekonomiis kaTedris docentad, iv. javaxiSvilis saxelobisTbilisis saxelmwifo universitetis finansebisa da sabankosaqmis kaTedris profesorad, Tbilisis biznesisa da saga-reo urTierTobebis institutis direqtorad.
profesori a. jibuti kiTxulobda leqciebis kurssekonomikur TeoriaSi, sajaro finansebSi, saxelmwifo biu-jetSi, sxvadasxva speckurss bakalavriatsa da magistratu-raSi. man mniSvnelovani wvlili SeiTana qarTuli ekonomi-kuri mecnierebis ganviTarebis saqmeSi. igi iyo Rrmad gans-wavluli mecnieri, principuli da momTxovni pedagogi. miskalams ekuTvnis 180-ze meti samecniero naSromi, maT Soris21 monografia da saxelmZRvanelo Teoriuli da gamoyene-biTi ekonomikis aqtualur sakiTxebze.
profesori a. jibuti iyo sxvadasxva samecniero sab-Wosa da samecniero Jurnalis saredaqcio kolegiis wevri.misi xelmZRvanelobiT daculia 10-mde sakandidato da sa-doqtoro disertacia. profesori a. jibuti dajilodoe-buli iyo Rirsebis ordeniT da ivane javaxiSvilis medliT.
saqarTvelos ekonomikis mecnierebaTa akademis Rrmamwuxarebas gamoTqvams professor amiran jibutis gardacva-lebis gamo, TanaugrZnobs gansvenebulis ojaxis wevrebs,megobrebs da axloblebs, qarTvel ekonomistTa sazogadoe-bas. igi daaklda sruliad saqarTvelos. naTelSi amyofosmisi suli ufalma.
saqarTvelos ekonomikur mecnierebaTa akademia
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informacia
***Jurnal ekonomistis redaqcia acxadebs konkurss
premiis mosapoveblad 2013 wels JurnalSi gamoqveynebulisaukeTeso statiisaTvis. premia miekuTvneba statias,romelsac gamoavlens maRalkvalificiuri Jiuri, samec-niero statiisaTvis wayenebuli moTxovnebidan gamomdi-nare.premiis mflobels gadaecema Sesabamisi diplomi da
fuladi premia 300 laris odenobiT.
***2008 wlidan daarsda paata guguSvilis ekonomikis
institutis samecniero Sromebis krebuli, romelic gamo-dis periodulad.
Sromebis krebulSi daibeWdeba mecnier ekonomistTa(mecnierebaTa doqtorebi, akademiuri doqtorebi) Sromebi,aseve, bakalavrebis, magistrebis, doqtorantebisa da praq-tikos ekonomistTa saTanado mecnieruli donis statiebi.
avtorTaTvis krebulSi statiebis gamosaqveynebladmoqmedebs Semdegi wesebi:1. krebulSi gamosaqveyneblad gankuTvnili samecnieronaSromebi unda iyos damoukidebeli kvlevis Sedegi.naSromi ar unda arRvevdes saavtoro uflebebs da arunda iyos gamoqveynebuli romelime sxva organoSi.
2. redaqciaSiwarmodgenili statiis originali xelmo-werili unda iyos avtoris, xolo Tanaavtorobis SemTx-vevaSi yvela Tanaavtoris mier saxelis, gvaris, samuSaoadgilis, samecniero xarisxisa dawodebis, srulisafosto misamarTis, telefonis, faqsis, eleqtronulifostis miTiTebiT.
3. statia dabeWdili unda iyos 1,5 intervaliT, A4 for-matze, 12 fontiT. redaqciaSi statiebis warmodgenaaucilebelia or nabeWd egzemplarad, eleqtronulversiasTan erTad (MS WORD, qarTuli teqsti SriftiTACADNUSX, xolo inglisuri _ TIMES NEW ROMAN).
4. erTi gverdis Rirebulebaa 5 lari.
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naSromebis gamogzavna SegiZliaT eleqtronuli fostiTSemdeg misamarTze: [email protected],[email protected]
institutis xelmZRvaneloba da krebulis redaqciamzadaa TanamSromlobisaTvis.
damatebiTi cnobebisaTvis dagvikavSirdiT SemdegmisamarTze: q. Tbilisi, qiqoZis q. #14, t.: 299-68-53.
paata guguSvilis ekonomikis institutisgamomcemloba
qarTul, rusul da inglisur enebzeSeRavaTian fasebSi
gTavazobT nebismier sagamomcemlo saqmianobas:
masalis akrefa, dakabadoneba, redaqtirebagamoicema:
samecniero wignebi da naSromebi, enciklopediebi,leqsikonebi, cnobarebi
perioduli gamocemebi (samecniero SromaTa krebuli,samecniero Jurnalebi, konferenciis masalebi)originaluri da naTargmni mxatvruli literatura,saxelmZRvaneloebi, sabavSvo wignebi, albomebi dagzamkvlevebi
eleqtronuli dargobrivi Jurnalebi
misamarTi: Tbilisi, geronti qiqoZis q. #14293 22 60; 551 10 07 04.el.fosta: [email protected]
Jurnal “ekonomistSi” statiebis warmodgenis wesebi
1. JurnalSi gamosaqveyneblad gankuTvnili samecnieronaSromebi unda iyos damoukidebeli kvlevis Sedegi. naS-romi ar unda arRvevdes saavtoro uflebebs da ar undaiyos gamoqveynebuli romelime sxva organoSi.
2. redaqciaSi warmodgenili statiis originali xelmoweri-li unda iyos avtoris, xolo Tanaavtorobis SemTxvevaSiyvela Tanaavtoris mier saxelis, gvaris, samuSao adgi-
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lis, samecniero xarisxisa da wodebis, sruli safostomisamarTis, telefonis, faqsis, eleqtronuli fostismiTiTebiT.
3. statia dabeWdili unda iyos 1,5 intervaliT, A4 for-matze, 12 fontiT. redaqciaSi statiebis warmodgena auci-lebelia or nabeWd egzemplarad, eleqtronul versias-Tan erTad (MS WORD, qarTuli teqsti SriftiTACADNUSX, xolo inglisuri da rusuli TIMES NEWROMAN).
4. JurnalSi statiebi gamoqveyndeba redaqciaSi maTi Semosv-lis rigis mixedviT. redaqciis mier statiis warmodgenisTariRad CaiTvleba redaqciis mier saboloo teqstismiRebis TariRi.
5. statia, romelic srulad ar pasuxobs zemoT moyvanilmoTxovnebs, redaqciis mier ar miiReba.
6. erTi gverdis Rirebulebaa 5 lari.
naSromebis gamogzavna SegiZliaT eleqtronuli fostiTSemdeg misamarTze: [email protected],[email protected]
institutis xelmZRvaneloba da Jurnalis redaqciamzadaa TanamSromlobisaTvis.
damatebiTi cnobebisaTvis dagvikavSirdiT SemdegmisamarTze: q. Tbilisi, qiqoZis q. #14, t.: 293-34-44; 599 9701 03.
laris angariSi
ssip ivane javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifouniversiteti 204864548mimRebis dasaxeleba _ xazinis erTiani angariSimimRebis banki _ saxelmwifo xazinabankis kodi _ TRESGE22mimRebis angariSi /saxazino kodi 708967254
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s a r C e v i
akademikosi paata guguSvili
vladimer papava _ qarTuli ekonomikuri skolis
fuZemdebeli 7
ramaz abesaZe _ akademikos paata guguSvilis cxovreba da
moRvaweoba 11avTandil sulaberiZe, cicino gvritiSvili, vladimer
sulaberiZe _ paata guguSvili - sociologiuri demografiis
fuZemdebeli saqarTveloSi 22vasil CantlaZe _ sityva akademikos paata guguSvilis
dakrZalvis dReze 29paata guguSvili – aziuri warmoebis wesi 33
akademikosi vasil CantlaZe
vladimer papava _ saerTaSoriso aRiarebis mqone qarTveli
finansisti 73gedevan xelaia _ akademikos vasil CantlaZis cxovreba da
moRvaweoba 77besarion guguSvili _ vaso Zias xsovnas 90
mniSvnelovani RonisZiebebi 94
xsovna 98
informacia 101
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Jurnali “ekonomisti”
misamarTi: Tbilisi, 0105, g. qiqoZis q. 14; tel.: 293 34 44; 599970103.E-mail: [email protected]
Journal “Economisti”
Edress: Tbilisi, 0105, Kikodze street, tel. (+995 32) 293 34 44; 599 970103E-mail: [email protected]
P Tsu paata guguSvilis ekonomikis institutisgamomcemloba
M redaqtori nato abesaZe
Publishing House of Paata Gugushvili Institute of Economics of TSU
Redactor Nato Abesadze
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