3 19 12 11-05078 0204 REQUEST for PERMISSION to FILE LATE or Opposition to Summ Judgment and Mtn Withdrawal - Filing 16 - Copy

7/29/2019 3 19 12 11-05078 0204 REQUEST for PERMISSION to FILE LATE or Opposition to Summ Judgment and Mtn Withdra

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Case 11-05078-btb Doc 16 Entered 03/19/12 17:56:40 Page 1 of 26

Document Code:Zach Coughlin,Esq.1422 E. 9thSt. #2Reno, NV 89512Tele: 775-338-8118Fa: !"!-##7-7"$%

ZachCoughlin&hotmail.com'a( ha)e inco**ectl( +een listed as tto*ne( eco*d o* /essin

02TED TTE 406TC C0T

D2T2CT F E9D

2 E ; D. /E2< > 4 CE : 4--11-51818-+t+

> Cha?te* 7De+to* >>

====================================== > 066@E'ET@ T 662T2 T> 'T2 F 0'' 0D/'ET

llison Taitano 'oo*e< > and 'T2 T A2T;DA > C0E@

6lainti< >> d). 6*oc. o.: 11-$5$78-+t+

; D /E2, >>

Deendant >

REQUEST FOR PERMISSION TO FILE LATE AND MOTION FOR ETENSION OFTIME TO FILE OPPOSITION TO MOTION FOR SUMMAR! "UDMENT RE$

DIS%&AREA'ILIT!( OR, PLED IN T&E ALTERNATIVE, OPPOSITION TO MOTIONFOR SUMMAR! "UDMENT )n* MOTION TO +IT&DRA+ AS %OUNSELC'E A, DeendantBDe+to* and iles this E0ET F 6E'22 T F2@E @TE D

066@E'ET@ T 662T2 T 'T2 F 0'' 0D/'ET and 'T2 T A2T;DA

C0E@, ith the ca)eat that the unde*signed does not +elie)e it as technicall( co**ect to list him as tto*ne( o

eco*d at an( time, gi)en the onl( ilings e*e delineated as un+undled se*)ices in se)e*al ?laces, including the

atto*ne(Gs contact ino*mation. This motion is made and +ased u?on the ?leadings and ?a?e*s on ile

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066@E'ET@ T 662T2 T 'T2 F 0'' 0D/'ET and 'T2 T A2T;DA C0E@
mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]


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he*ein, and u?on the 6oints and utho*ities, and decla*ation o ZC; 4. C0/;@2, E.,

attached he*eto.

I. STATEMENT OF FA%TS

Ahethe* the unde*signed should ha)e e)e* +een indicated as tto*ne( o eco*d +( the Cou*t

he*e is a matte* o de+ate. @a Cle*H ;oll( Estes and the unde*signed has a discussion on the

tele?hone *elated to that ?oint in a??*oimatel( cto+e*, %$11 and the unde*signed has echanged

emails ith Filing ice u?e*)iso* De++ie /allaghe* in that *ega*d. 4oth e*e )e*( ?*oessional

and hel?ul, hoe)e*, it *emains a +it unclea*, legall(, as to the etent to hich an atto*ne( can at

once not +e in )iolation o ghost*iting ta+oos, hile also ao*ded the ?u+lic a lo costs means o

accessing un+undled se*)ices ithout necessitating an o)e*l( +u*densome a??ea*anceBithd*aal

c(cle +( an atto*ne( ?*esenting such a se*)ice. The unde*signed is cu**entl( su+Iect to a +a*

g*ie)ance iled +( icha*d /. ;ill, Esq. elated to an allegation o ghost*iting o* /essin, hile

at the same time, ?otentiall(, in this matte* acing some lia+ilit( to /essin to the etent the

unde*signed as, in act, listed as atto*ne( o *eco*d, and the elect*onic notices e*e +eing sent to the

unde*signed, and the unde*signed did not *eligiousl( o*a*d them on to /essin. ;oe)e*, in +oth

*itten and )e*+al communications /essin communicated to the unde*signed that he as not /essinGs

atto*ne( o *eco*d in this matte*, and that /essin as monito*ing this case on his on and did not

ish the unde*signed to act on this case an( u*the* in an( a(, etc. ;oe)e*, the unde*signed, in

an a+undance o caution liHel( should ha)e done mo*e to add*ess the act that he as and is still isted

as atto*ne( o *eco*d in this matte*, +e(ond de+ating the )alidit( o such a listing ith 's. Estes on

the tele?hone, and +e(ond sending co**es?ondences +acH and o*th ith 's. /allaghe*. im?l( ?ut,

the client telling the atto*ne( that he is not atto*ne( o *eco*d, does not maHe it so. n *de* o the

Cou*t maHes it so. To it, '*. ;all had no o+ligation, a*gua+l(, to notice /essin on these matte*s

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+e(ond sending the elect*onic iling notiications o the emBec s(stem. 2t ma( +e that '*. ;all and

'*. @(deg*a e*e made aa*e, in some manne* that the unde*signed as not acting as atto*ne( o

*eco*d in this matte* o* othe* matte*s, hoe)e*, the unde*signed sus?ects that the la sa(s hat the

docHet sa(s cont*ols in that *ega*d, and the*eo*e the unde*signed ?ledges to *edou+le his eo*ts to

maintain a ?*udent a??*oach in such matte*s. 4( a( o the unde*signed iling a document hich

clea*l( detailed that it as +eing iled as an un+undled se*)ice, De+to* iled an nse* to a

d)e*sa*( 6*oceeding Com?laint incident to a Cha?te* 7 on e?tem+e* #th, %$11. Due to neithe* '*.

/essin no* the unde*signed ha)ing ne)e* intended o* the unde*signed to a??ea* as atto*ne( o *eco*d

Zach Coughlin, Esq. 'o)es this cou*t to g*ant the motion to ithd*a as the atto*ne( o *eco*d on

the a+o)e De+to*s case. Fu*the*, '*. /essin sent the unde*signed nume*ous emails coni*ming that

he +oth did not ant the unde*signed to +e atto*ne( o *eco*d in the matte*, +ut that he also did not

)ie the unde*signed to +e so o* eel that the unde*signed as atto*ne( o *eco*d in this matte*. Zach

Coughlin, Esq. 'o)es this cou*t to g*ant the motion to ithd*a as the atto*ne( o *eco*d in this

matte*, as he is and has +een listed so and has +een *ecei)ing the elect*onic case iling notiications.

;oe)e*, the unde*signed has not consistentl( o*a*ded e)e*( single one o those notiications and

thei* associated ilings to '*. /essin, as '*. /essin indicated also that he as olloing the case

th*ough 6ace*.

POINTS AND AUT&ORITIES

Aho 2s cting in JFiducia*( Ca?acit(J Aithin 'eaning o F*aud o* Dealcation Discha*ge

Ece?tion in 4anH*u?tc( K11 0..C.. L 5%3Ka>K">>MFiducia*( Ca?acit( o De+to*s the* Than

ales, 6u*chasing, o* @easing gent De+to*s. 17 .@.. Fed. %d 33 K*iginall( ?u+lished in %$$7>. L

#%. nothe* class o ?otential iducia*ies includes ?u+lic oicials, most commonl(, count( oicials

KL 53>, including a count( she*i KL 5"> o* school dist*ict oicial KL 55>, ho deal ith ?u+lic unds.

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The iducia*( dut(, i an(, o a o*eign am+assado* has also +een conside*ed KL 5#>. 6e*sonal*elationshi?s a*e oten alleged to in)ol)e iducia*( *es?onsi+ilities, such as those +eteen Ioint +anHaccount holde*s o* account signato*ies KLL 57, 58>, o*me* s?ouses KLL 5!, #$>, and ?e*sonalt*anse*ees KLL #1, #%>, hich ma( include *iends, *elati)es, ?a*amou*s, o* )i*tual st*ange*s..6e*sonal t*anse*eeMFiducia*( ca?acit( not ound 2n the olloing cases, cou*ts ha)e concluded thata de+to* ?e*sonal t*anse*ee as not a iducia*( o* ?u*?oses o the discha*ge ece?tion o* *aud o*dealcation hile acting in a iducia*( ca?acit(, 11 0..C.. L 5%3Ka>K">, +ased on the acts andci*cumstances o each case. ?*oceeding as +*ought to ece?t a de+t *om discha*ge as one a*isingout o de+to*sG *aud o* dealcation hile acting in a iducia*( ca?acit( unde* 11 0..C.. L 5%3Ka>

K">, and ate* the cou*t held that the de+t as nondischa*gea+le as to the de+to* hose mothe*ent*usted him ith ?*o?e*t( ?*io* to he* death, +ut not as to the code+to* s?ouse, the cou*t in EcHell )

4o*+idge, 11" 4.. #3 KE.D. 6a. 1!!$>, ai*med the inding o the 4anH*u?tc( Cou*t that thecode+to* s?ouse did not stand in a iducia*( *elationshi? ith the de+to*Gs mothe* o* ?u*?oses o 110..C.. L 5%3Ka>K">.N15O The cou*t in 2n *e /ia**atano, %!! 4.. 3%8 K4anH*. D. Del. %$$3>, o*de*

aGd on othe* g*ounds, %$$" A@ %8%7138 KD. Del. %$$">, held that a Cha?te* 7 de+to* did not stand

in a iducia*( ca?acit( o* ?u*?oses o the discha*ge ece?tion o 11 0..C.. L 5%3Ka>K">, ith

*es?ect to an( o the mone( hich she *ecei)ed *om the c*edito*, a man ith hom she as

*omanticall( in)ol)ed, such that he* alleged de+t to *e?a( these ad)ances could not +e ece?ted.

E. 6e*sonal elationshi?s L 57. oint +anH account holde* o* account signato*(MFiducia*(ca?acit( ound Fo* ?u*?oses o the discha*ge ece?tion o* *aud o* dealcation hile acting in aiducia*( ca?acit(, 11 0..C.. L 5%3Ka>K">, it has +een concluded that a de+to* Ioint +anH accountholde* o* account signato*( as a iducia*(, +ased on the acts and ci*cumstances. 2n 2n *e 6*att, %$$1

4; %%, %$$1 A@ 1757$53 K4anH*. D. .;. %$$1>, the cou*t, a??l(ing collate*al esto??el ?*inci?les,

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held that a state cou*t Iudgment suicientl( ound that the de+to* engaged in sel-dealing hile acting

in a iducia*( ca?acit( ith *es?ect to a Ioint account she held ith he* im?*isoned athe*, and thus,

the su+Iect de+t ould +e ece?ted *om discha*ge in the de+to*Gs +anH*u?tc( ?*oceeding ?u*suant to

11 0..C.. L 5%3Ka>K">. de+to*Gs o+ligation to his aunt, o* mone( hich he had +een a+le to

misa??*o?*iate +( ?e*suading a c*edit union to cash he* ce*tiicates o de?osit and to allo the de+to*

to de?osit the ?*oceeds into a Ioint account that he sha*ed ith his aunt, decided the cou*t in 2n *e

Thom?son, %3" 4.. 8%$ K4anH*. '.D. la. 1!!8>, ould +e ece?ted *om discha*ge as one o*

mone( o+tained +( the de+to*Gs Jiducia*(J *aud unde* 11 0..C.. L 5%3Ka>K">, since hile the*e

as no shoing o a o*mal t*ust, the de+to* unde*stood that the mone( hich he misa??*o?*iated, +(

con)incing the c*edit union to cash the ce*tiicates o de?osit and then ithd*aing the mone( *om

an account on hich he had +een named as a cosigne* o* the sole ?u*?ose o ?*o)iding unds to a

nu*sing home he*e his aunt as conined, as to +e held o* his auntGs +eneit. L 58. oint +anH

account holde* o* account signato*(MFiducia*( ca?acit( not ound 2n the olloing cases, cou*ts

ha)e ound that a de+to* Ioint +anH account holde* o* account signato*( as not a iducia*( o*

?u*?oses o the discha*ge ece?tion o* *aud o* dealcation hile acting in a iducia*( ca?acit(, 11

0..C.. L 5%3Ka>K">, +ased on the acts and ci*cumstances o each case. tate cou*t Iudgment

c*edito*s sought a dete*mination that thei* claim should +e ece?ted *om a de+to*Gs discha*ge as a

de+t o* *aud o* dealcation hile acting in a iducia*( ca?acit( unde* 11 0..C.. L 5%3Ka>K">, and

the cou*t in 2n *e 4*an, 138 4.. 3%7 K4anH*. D. 'e. 1!!%>, concluded that the *eco*d did not

esta+lish that the de+to* as acting in a iducia*( ca?acit( )isPQP)is the c*edito*s at the time o the

deault, he*e the de+to* undenia+l( misa??*o?*iated estate unds in a Ioint account, +ut he as not

at the time o?e*ating in a ca?acit( im+ued ith att*i+utes gi)ing *ise to, in su+stance, a t*ust. The

de+to* a??*o?*iated the Ioint account unds on the )e*( da( his athe* died, ell +eo*e his

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a??ointment as ?e*sonal *e?*esentati)e, o+se*)ed the cou*t. The cou*t in 2n *e Delisle, %81 4.. "57,

3! 4anH*. Ct. Dec. KC> %#1 K4anH*. D. 'ass. %$$%>, held that, to the etent that an( t*ust

*elationshi? eisted +eteen an 8$-(ea*-old man and the de+to*, a %"-(ea*-old oman ith hom he

o?ened Ioint +anH account, +ased u?on he* *e?*esentations o *iendshi? and an alleged ?*omise to

ca*e o* him, such a t*ust as a me*e const*ucti)e t*ust, insuicient to su??o*t com?laint unde* the

Jiducia*( *audJ discha*gea+ilit( ece?tion o 11 0..C.. L 5%3Ka>K">, as to the de+t c*eated hen

the de+to* cashed out the Ioint account and late* iled o* Cha?te* 7 *elie. 2n an ad)e*sa*( ?*oceeding

the gua*dian o a Cha?te* 7 de+to*Gs mothe* sought a nondischa*gea+ilit( dete*mination o* de+ts to

the mothe*Gs estate, and the cou*t in 2n *e 'essineo, 1!% 4.. 5!7 K4anH*. D..;. 1!!#>, dete*mined

that de+t a*ising *om the de+to*Gs ithd*aal o unds *om a Ioint +anH account ith his mothe*

could not +e ece?ted *om discha*ge unde* the dealcation discha*ge ece?tion, 11 0..C.. L

5%3Ka>K">, since the de+to* did not e- ?*ess an intent to act in a iducia*( ca?acit( at the time the

account as o?ened. The te*m iducia*( in the 4anH*u?tc( Code is na**oe* than the o*d as used

unde* state la, e?lained the cou*t. Fede*al la is aimed onl( at an e?*ess t*ust situation in hich a

de+to* eithe* e?*essl( signiied intention at the outset o a t*ansaction, o* as clea*l( ?ut on notice

+( some document in eistence at the outset, that he o* she as unde*taHing the s?ecial

*es?onsi+ilities o a t*ustee to account o* his o* he* actions. c*edito* ailed to esta+lish that a

iducia*( *elationshi? eisted +eteen he* and a Cha?te* 7 de+to* ith hom the c*edito* had a

amilial and *omantic *elationshi?, ound the 0nited tates 4anH*u?tc( Cou*t in 2n *e 4alRano, 1%7

4.. 5%" K4anH*. E.D... 1!!1>, and thus, de+ts hich a*ose *om the de+to*Gs use o loan ?*oceeds

?laced in a Ioint +anH account ate* the c*edito* *einanced he* home e*e not nondischa*gea+le as a

de+t o* dealcation hile acting in a iducia*( ca?acit( unde* 11 0..C.. L 5%3Ka>K">. Ahe*e a

c*edito* int*oduced e)idence hich shoed that a de+to*Gs name as on some Ioint 9e*mont +anH

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accounts hich held o* *ecei)ed estate unds, +ut he*e the de+to* had no Hnoledge o these

accounts, the cou*t in 2n *e udd, 1!87 A@ 1!"88 K4anH*. D. 9t. 1!87>, concluded that the de+to*

as not o?e*ating in a iducia*( ca?acit( o* ?u*?oses o the *aud o* dealcation discha*ge ece?tion

in +anH*u?tc( unde* 11 0..C.. L 5%3Ka>K">. The cou*t in 2n *e dams, 3"8 4.. 3#8 K4anH*. E.D.

@a. %$$5>, held that a Cha?te* 7 de+to*, as a ido ith signato*( autho*it( o)e* unds de?osited in

he* late hus+andGs account, did not stand in a iducia*( ca?acit( ith *ega*d to these unds as to the

legatees named unde* he* hus+andGs ill o* to his succession, as *equi*ed to ece?t *om discha*ge, as

de+t o* de+to*Gs J*aud o* dealcation hile acting in iducia*( ca?acit(J unde* 11 0..C.. L 5%3 Ka>

K">, he* de+t to succession o* allegedl( misa??*o?*iating unds to ?a( he* on de+ts and de?*i)ing

succession o unds to dist*i+ute to the legatees. The cou*t in 2n *e 'a*cet, 35% 4.. "#%, !8

.F.T..%d%$$#-#87" K4anH*. .D. 2ll. %$$#> , held that the me*e act that a Cha?te* 7 de+to*Gs uncle

had ?laced the de+to* on one o the uncleGs +anH accounts as a Ioint tenant as insuicient to c*eate

an e?*ess t*ust *elationshi? +eteen them, so as to ?*e)ent the discha*ge o de+t allegedl( a*ising out

o de+to*Gs ithd*aals *om the account as one o* his J*aud o* dealcation hile acting in a

iducia*( ca?acit(,J ?u*suant to 11 0..C.. L 5%3Ka>K">, he*e the Ioint tenanc( ag*eement did not

contain an( decla*ation o t*ust o* im?ose an( o+ligations on the de+to* +ut, +( its te*ms, ga)e the

de+to* an equal *ight to use the account unds, as ell as a *ight o su*)i)o*shi?, and he*e no

e)idence as ?*esented that a t*ust *elationshi? as intended. The ?lainti, a ?*inci?al +eneicia*(

unde* the decedentGs ill, ailed to sho that the decedent, in ?lacing his ne?he as Ioint tenant on

the account, as me*el( c*eating a con)enience account and did not intend to maHe a git o account

unds to the ne?he, the cou*t dete*mined, gi)en the com?lete lacH o e)idence that the decedent,

des?ite *ecei)ing +anH account statements and +eing aa*e o the ne?heGs ithd*aals, had e)e*

o+Iected the*eto. L 5!. Di)o*ce dec*ee o* se?a*ation ag*eement o+ligo*MFiducia*( ca?acit( ound

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Fo* ?u*?oses o the discha*ge ece?tion o* *aud o* dealcation hile acting in a iducia*( ca?acit(,

11 0..C.. L 5%3Ka>K">, cou*ts in the olloing cases ha)e ound that a de+to* di)o*ce dec*ee o*

se?a*ation ag*eement o+ligo* as a iducia*(, +ased on the acts and ci*cumstances o each case. ee

2n *e 4oudaHian, 137 4.. 8! K4anH*. D..2. 1!!%>, he*e the cou*t ound that a Cha?te* 7 de+to*Gs

di)o*ce dec*ee o+ligation to ?a( S5,$$$ to a o*me* s?ouseGs athe*, o* mone( that as ent*usted to

the de+to* o* saeHee?ing +ut ne)e* *etu*ned, as nondischa*gea+le unde* the ece?tion to discha*ge

o* *aud o* dealcation hile acting in iducia*( ca?acit(, 11 0..C.. L 5%3Ka>K">, since the di)o*ce

cou*tGs dete*mination that the de+to* as acting in a iducia*( ca?acit( hile holding the athe*Gs

mone( as entitled to collate*al esto??el eect, and the +anH*u?tc( cou*t as +ound +( the di)o*ce

cou*tGs una??ealed dete*mination that a t*ust as c*eated unde* hode 2sland la and that the co*?us

should +e *etu*ned +( the de+to*-t*ustee to the o*me* s?ouseGs athe*. 2n 2n *e eene(, %$$# A@

%7!#737 K4anH*. D. 9t. %$$#>, the cou*t held that the de+to* as a iducia*( o* ?u*?oses o the

discha*ge ece?tion o 11 0..C.. L 5%3Ka>K">, as to he* o*me* s?ouse unde* a const*ucti)e t*ust

esta+lished unde* the te*ms o the di)o*ce dec*ee +eteen the ?a*ties, he*e the dec*ee g*anted

?ossession, +ut not ull one*shi?, o the ma*ital *esidence to the de+to*, such that one-hal o the

ma*ital *esidence, including one-hal o the ?*oceeds *om an( sale the*eo, as the ?*o?e*t( o the

?lainti. 0nde* state la, the cou*t dete*mined, the de+to* continued to hold the ?laintiGs one-hal

inte*est in t*ust, and the de+to*Gs ailu*e to deli)e* to the ?lainti his sha*e o the ?*oceeds *om the

sale o his inte*est in the ma*ital *esidence ga)e *ise to a de+t hich as nondischa*gea+le in the

de+to*Gs +anH*u?tc( ?*oceeding +( *eason o the de+to*Gs *aud o* dealcation hile acting in a

iducia*( ca?acit(. The cou*t in 2n *e Dahlin, !" 4.. 7!, 18 4anH*. Ct. Dec. KC> 111% K4anH*.

E.D. 9a. 1!88>, su+sequentl( aGd on othe* g*ounds, !11 F.%d 7%1 K"th Ci*. 1!!$>, decided that a

o*me* ieGs ma*ital ?o*tion o a Cha?te* 7 de+to*Gs milita*( *eti*ement ?ension, as dete*mined +( a

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di)o*ce cou*t, as not discha*gea+le unde* 11 0..C.. L 5%3Ka>K">, in that it actuall( )ested as the

ieGs on ?*o?e*t( and as held in t*ust +( the de+to* o* the ieGs +eneit ?u*suant to the di)o*ce

dec*ee. The di)o*ce dec*ee esta+lished an e?*ess

t*ust in a)o* o the ie o* a ?o*tion o the de+to*Gs *eti*ement +eneits, cla*iied the cou*t. 2n 2n *e

?ice*, %$$# A@ %8"#!"! K4anH*. A.D. @a. %$$#>, the cou*t held that a Cha?te* 7 de+to* as a

iducia*( as to his o*me* ie, o* ?u*?oses o the *aud o* dealcation ece?tion *om discha*ge

unde* 11 0..C.. L 5%3Ka>K">, ith *ega*d to one-hal o the unds hich the de+to* ithd*e *om

his indi)idual *eti*ement account K2>. 2n so holding, the cou*t *elied on the holding in 2n *e /*een,

35% 4.. 771 K4anH*. A.D. @a. %$$5>, this section, noting that it could thinH o no *eason h( the

outcome in this case should +e an( die*ent *om that in /*een, and commenting that, in act, the

acts in this case e*e e)en st*onge* than those in /*een, as the de+to* he*ein as an atto*ne( ho

ell Hne that his o*me* s?ouse had an inte*est in the 2. The cou*t in 2n *e /*een, 35% 4.. 771

K4anH*. A.D. @a. %$$5>, held that a iducia*( *elationshi?, ithin the meaning o the *aud o*

dealcation ece?tion to discha*ge K11 0..C.. L 5%3Ka>K">>, eisted +eteen the Cha?te* 7 de+to*

and his o*me* s?ouse ith *ega*d to ?*o?e*t( oned +( the o*me* communit( u?on the dissolution

o thei* ma**iage, hich te*minated thei* @ouisiana communit( ?*o?e*t( *egime. This *elationshi?,

the cou*t ound, included the o*me* s?ouseGs entitlement to a ?o*tion o the de+to*Gs milita*(

*eti*ement +eneits. 0nde* @ouisiana la and Iu*is?*udence, the cou*t commented, a iducia*(

*elationshi? eists +eteen o*me* s?ouses until the communit( *egime has +een di)ided and an

accounting +eteen the o*me* s?ouses has +een com?leted. o*me* s?ouse +*ought an ad)e*sa*(

?*oceeding to dete*mine the discha*gea+ilit( o a de+t, and the cou*t in 2n *e Eichel+e*ge*, 1$$ 4..

8#1, 1! 4anH*. Ct. Dec. KC> #!", 4anH*. @. e?. KCC;> 7%!7$ K4anH*. .D. Te. 1!8!>,

concluded that a di)o*ce dec*ee designating the de+to* o*me* s?ouse as a t*ustee ith *es?ect to the

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s?ouseGs communit( ?*o?e*t( inte*est in the de+to*Gs *eti*ement ?lan and setting o*th a s?eciic

iducia*( dut( to +e ?e*o*med +( the de+to*, esta+lished a t*ust *elationshi? such that an( de+t

a*ising *om the de+to*Gs )iolation o the dec*ee ould +e nondischa*gea+le unde* the discha*ge

ece?tion o* iducia*( *aud o* dealcation unde* 11 0..C.. L 5%3Ka>K">. Cha?te* 7 de+to*Gs

o*me* ie +*ought an ad)e*sa*( ?*oceeding to ece?t a de+t *om discha*ge, as one o* the de+to*Gs

dealcation in ailing to account o* communit( assets, and the 4anH*u?tc( ??ellate 6anel in 2n *e

tanie*, %3# 4.. 7$!, 4anH*. @. e?. KCC;> 77!75 K4anH*. !th Ci*. 1!!!> concluded that

Calio*nia statutes, Cal. Fam. Code LL 7%1K+>, 11$$Ke>, %1$%, *equi*ing each s?ouse to maHe ull

disclosu*e o the eistence o all communit( assets, and to ?*o)ide ull ino*mation *ega*ding an(

t*ansaction aecting such communit( assets, togethe* ith Calio*nia case la *ega*ding the

iducia*( o+ligations o s?ouses as *ega*ds communit( ?*o?e*t(, ga)e *ise to an e?*ess t*ust o the

Hind *equi*ed to ece?t the de+t *om discha*ge as one o* the Cha?te* 7 de+to* o*me* hus+andGs

*aud o* dealcation hile acting in a iducia*( ca?acit( unde* 11 0..C.. L 5%3Ka>K">. de+to*Gs

o+ligation to ?a( to his e-ie !B%% o each disa+ilit( *eti*ement ?ension ?a(ment he *ecei)ed *om

the 0nited tates a)( as not discha*gea+le in +anH*u?tc( unde* 11 0..C.. L 5%3Ka>K">,

dete*mined the cou*t in 2n *e 4*on, %1 4.. 377, ! 4anH*. Ct. Dec. KC> 3%5, 4anH*. @. e?.

KCC;> #8815 K4anH*. E.D. Cal. 1!8%>, he*e the de+to* o*me* hus+and as deemed to +e acting as

a const*ucti)e t*ustee o* his e-ieGs equita+le inte*est, and his ailu*e to *emit he* inte*est to he*

amounted to a +*each o such iducia*( dut(. Fu*the*mo*e, as to all ?*os?ecti)e ?ension ?a(ments, the

de+to* *emained in the ?osition o a const*ucti)e t*ustee o* his e-ie as to he* !B%% equita+le

inte*est in each ?a(ment, and those utu*e o+ligations e*e liHeise not discha*ged +( the )olunta*(

?etition in +anH*u?tc(, held the cou*t. n e-hus+and iled a discha*ge com?laint against a de+to*

alleging that a de+t *om a second mo*tgage on a home as nondischa*gea+le unde* the *aud o*

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iducia*( dealcation discha*ge ece?tion, 11 0..C.. L 5%3Ka>K">, and the cou*t in 2n *e Ca??s, 1!3

4.. !55 K4anH*. .D. la. 1!!5>, decided that the de+to* e-ie as a iducia*(, o* ?u*?oses o

the iducia*( dealcation discha*ge ece?tion, he*e the di)o*ce settlement c*eated an e?*ess t*ust

o* the home ith the ie as t*ustee. E)en though o*d Jt*ustJ did not a??ea* in the di)o*ce

ag*eement, noted the cou*t, the ag*eement c*eated an e?*ess t*ust ith the e-ie as t*ustee and the

e-hus+and as cestui que t*ust, he*e the language o the ag*eement maniested an intent to c*eate a

*elationshi? in)ol)ing conidence, t*ust, and good aith, and unde* the ag*eement the e-ie as

+ound to deal ith the home o* the +eneit o the e-hus+and. 'onies due *om a de+to* to his e-

ie ?u*suant to a state cou*t Iudgment o dissolution o ma**iage hich aa*ded the ie an

equita+le dist*i+ution and lum?-sum alimon( e*e not discha*ged, ?u*suant to 4anH*u?tc( Code

section 11 0..C.. L 5%3Ka>K">, concluded the cou*t in 2n *e adin, 57 4.. 3"# K4anH*. .D. Fla.

1!8#>, he*e an( monies still un*ecei)ed +( the de+to*Gs e-ie ?u*suant to the state cou*t Iudgment

e*e held in t*ust o* he* +eneit +( he* e-hus+and, ho as holding them in a iducia*( ca?acit(.

Ahe*e a Cha?te* 7 de+to*Gs e-ie sought to ece?t his alleged inde+tedness to he* *om discha*ge

unde* the iducia*( *aud o* dealcation ece?tion o 11 0..C.. L 5%3Ka>K">, the cou*t in 2n *e

6*o)enRa, 31# 4.. 177 K4anH*. E.D. @a. %$$3> Ka??l(ing @ouisiana la>, held that the de+to*-

hus+and stood in a iducia*( ca?acit( to his o*me* ie o* ?u*?oses o the discha*ge ece?tion, ith

*es?ect to the ca*e o un?a*titioned communit( ?*o?e*t( in his ?ossession su+sequent to the

dissolution o the ?a*tiesG ma**iage. E?laining that the t*ust o+ligations necessa*( to su??o*t a cause

o action unde* the iducia*( *aud discha*ge ece?tion ma( a*ise ?u*suant to statute, common la, o*

a o*mal t*ust ag*eement, the cou*t concluded that, unde* @ouisiana la K@a. Ci). Code nn. a*t.

%3#!.3>, ate* a ma**iage is dissol)ed and +eo*e the communit( ?*o?e*t( is ?a*titioned, the o*me*

s?ouse ha)ing cont*ol and ?ossession o an( communit( asset oes a iducia*( dut( to the othe*

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s?ouse not in cont*ol the*eo. L #$. Di)o*ce dec*ee o* se?a*ation ag*eement o+ligo*MFiducia*(

ca?acit( not ound 2n the olloing cases, cou*ts ha)e concluded that a de+to* di)o*ce dec*ee o*

se?a*ation ag*eement o+ligo* as not a iducia*( o* ?u*?oses o the discha*ge ece?tion o* *aud o*

dealcation hile acting in a iducia*( ca?acit(, 11 0..C.. L 5%3Ka>K">, +ased on the acts and

ci*cumstances o each case. de+to* hus+andGs o+ligation to ?a( a o*me* ie one-hal o the )alue

o his ?*oit sha*ing and ?ension ?lan unde* a se?a*ation ag*eement did not gi)e *ise to a iducia*(

*elationshi? such as ould a**ant holding the de+t nondischa*gea+le unde* the discha*ge ece?tion

o* iducia*( *aud o* dealcation, 11 0..C.. L 5%3Ka>K">, dete*mined the cou*t in 2n *e 4eauchaine,

113 4.. 11# K4anH*. D..2. 1!!$>, he*e the se?a*ation ag*eement did not e)idence an intent +( the

?a*ties to c*eate eithe* a technical o* e?*ess t*ust and ailed to im?ose an( iducia*( duties on the

de+to* ith *es?ect to the unds at issue. n o+ligation im?osed on a Cha?te* 7 de+to* o*me*

hus+and ?u*suant to the te*ms o a di)o*ce dec*ee, to ?*o)ide his e-ie ith an accounting o

hate)e* monies he *emo)ed *om thei* daughte*Gs +at mitR)ah und, decided the cou*t in 2n *e

osen, %3% 4.. %8" K4anH*. E.D... 1!!!>, as not in the natu*e o an Je?*ess t*ustJ o the Hind

*equi*ed in o*de* to ece?t the de+to*Gs *esulting o+ligation o* ailing to ?*o?e*l( account o* the

unds *om discha*ge in +anH*u?tc( as a de+t o* the de+to*Gs *aud o* dealcation hile acting in a

Jiducia*( ca?acit(J unde* 11 0..C.. L 5%3Ka>K">. athe*, ound the cou*t, the de+to*Gs o+ligation to

tu*n o)e* to his e-ie one-hal o all munici?al +onds in his ?ossession as a me*e de+t on an

equita+le dist*i+ution aa*d. Cha?te* 7 de+to*Gs ailu*e to ?a( a ma*ital de+t as *equi*ed in a

di)o*ce dec*ee, causing the c*edito* to o+tain a Iudgment against the de+to*Gs o*me* hus+and, as

not a dealcation in a iducia*( *elationshi? so as to ece?t *om +anH*u?tc( discha*ge the amount o

the Iudgment unde* 11 0..C.. L 5%3Ka>K">, e)en though the de+to* ailed to ?a( the de+t *om the

unds she *ecei)ed *om he* o*me* hus+and, held the cou*t in 'atte* o T*essle*, "1 4.. 77!

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K4anH*. D. Del. 1!8">, he*e the ci*cumstances ga)e *ise to no const*ucti)e t*ust and e)en i the(

had, it ould ha)e +een insuicient to ece?t the de+t *om discha*ge. de+to*Gs o*me* ie

+*ought an ad)e*sa*( ?*oceeding to ece?t *om discha*ge the de+to*Gs o+ligation to maHe a lum?-

sum ?a(ment to the o*me* ie as ?a*t o a di)o*ce cou*tGs equita+le dist*i+ution aa*d, and the

cou*t in 2n *e Colangelo, %$# 4.. 78 K4anH*. '.D. 6a. 1!!#>, ound that the de+to* o*me* hus+andGs

?ossession o ?*o?e*t( ate* the date o the cou*t o*de* did not a??ea* to +e su+Iect to an( deined

iducia*( dut( o* ?u*?oses o the discha*ge ece?tion o* iducia*( *aud o* dealcation, 11 0..C..

L 5%3Ka>K">. Ahe*e a o*me* ie sought a dete*mination that ?*e?etition and ?ost?etition amounts o

milita*( *eti*ement +eneits due to he* *om he* o*me* s?ouse ?u*suant to a outh Ca*olina di)o*ce

dec*ee e*e not discha*gea+le in a Cha?te* 7 +anH*u?tc( ?*oceeding, the cou*t in 2n *e 6aeR, 1!!"

A@ 8"%!35 KD..C. 1!!">, concluded that the*e as insuicient e)idence in the *eco*d to esta+lish

the eistence o an e?*ess t*ust, and the*eo*e the o*me*

hus+and as not a iducia*( o* ?u*?oses o the discha*ge ece?tion o* iducia*( *aud o*

dealcation, 11 0..C.. L 5%3Ka>K">. ?*e?etition dissolution dec*ee aa*ded a o*me* ie a

?o*tion o a Cha?te* 7 de+to* o*me* hus+andGs monthl( em?lo(ee ?ension ?a(ments u?on his

*eti*ement, and the cou*t in 2n *e Zeitle*, %13 4.. "57 K4anH*. E.D..C. 1!!7>, aGd on othe*

g*ounds, %55 4.. 17% KE.D..C. 1!!!>, ound that the ?o*tion o the de+t consisting o *eti*ement

?a(ments that the de+to* *ecei)ed ?*e?etition +ut did not ?a( o)e* to the o*me* ie as not

ece?ted *om discha*ge, since the o*me* hus+and as not o?e*ating in a iducia*( ca?acit( o*

?u*?oses o the discha*ge ece?tion o* *aud o* dealcation hile acting in a iducia*( ca?acit(, 11

0..C.. L 5%3Ka>K">. The ag*eement as a const*ucti)e t*ust hich did not gi)e *ise to the iducia*(

*equi*ed in L 5%3Ka>K">, o+se*)ed the cou*t. The cou*t in 2n *e Fo*d, 5% 4.. 553 K4anH*. A.D. (.

1!85>, dete*mined that a de+t, o* a state Iudgment dete*mining a c*edito*Gs *ight to income *om

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ma*ital ?*o?e*t( du*ing the ?endenc( o an ea*lie* di)o*ce ?*oceeding and ?*o)iding o* the ?*o?e*

di)ision o stocHs and +onds not ?*e)iousl( conside*ed, as not nondischa*gea+le unde* the statute

maHing a de+t nondischa*gea+le o* *aud o* dealcation hile acting in a iducia*( ca?acit(, 11

0..C.. L 5%3Ka>K">, as the*e as no ?*oo that a t*ust e)e* eisted. otithstanding the use o the

te*m Jiducia*(J +( the state cou*t, no iducia*( *elationshi? eisted ithin the meaning o the

4anH*u?tc( Code, stated the cou*t. Ahe*e a dis?ute a*ose *om a de+to* o*me* s?ouseGs

non?e*o*mance unde* ce*tain ?*o)isions o a 'a*ital ettlement g*eement ith his o*me* s?ouse,

inco*?o*ated in a udgment o* Dissolution o the o*me* ma**iage o the ?a*ties, the cou*t in 2n *e

/*(ne)ich ). /*(ne)ich, 1!!" A@ %#3"8! K4anH*. .D. 2ll. 1!!">, dete*mined that the de+to* as

not a iducia*( unde* the ag*eement +( )i*tue o the indemniication and hold ha*mless ?*o)isions

contained the*ein *ega*ding the o*me* ma*ital home, o* ?u*?oses o the discha*ge ece?tion o*

*aud o* dealcation hile acting in a iducia*( ca?acit(, 11 0..C.. L 5%3Ka>K">. eithe* these

?*o)isions o the g*eement no* the te*ms o the udgment hich inco*?o*ated the g*eement

c*eated an( e?*ess t*ust, ound the cou*t, and the*e as no e?licit decla*ation o t*ust, no

s?eciicall( desc*i+ed t*ust *es, no* an( e?*essed intent to esta+lish a t*ust *elation unde* hich the

de+to* as t*ustee and his o*me* s?ouse the +eneicia*(. 'o*eo)e*, the de+to*Gs s?ousal *elationshi?

ith his o*me* s?ouse, hich as dissol)ed unde* the udgment, did not ?lace him in an e?*ess o*

technical iducia*( ca?acit( ithin the meaning o L 5%3Ka>K">, stated the cou*t. de+to*Gs *eusal to

eecute documents in connection ith a ?*o?e*t( settlement ag*eement in a di)o*ce dec*ee did not

*ende* a de+t, *esulting *om the de+to*Gs ?ost?etition sale o a moto*c(cle +eo*e his o*me* s?ouse

could ee*cise he* *ights in the same ?u*suant to the ?*o?e*t( settlement, nondischa*gea+le as

dealcation hile acting in a iducia*( ca?acit( o* ?u*?oses o the ece?tion to discha*ge o*

dealcation hile acting in a iducia*( ca?acit(, 11 0..C.. L 5%3Ka>K">, stated the cou*t in 2n *e

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Aheele*, 1$1 4.. 3! K4anH*. .D. 2nd. 1!8!>, a+sent a shoing that a iducia*( *elationshi? as

intended +( the ?a*ties at the time the di- )o*ce dec*ee as ente*ed. Fo* ?u*?oses o the ece?tion to

discha*ge o* *aud o* dealcation hile acting in a iducia*( ca?acit(, 11 0..C.. L 5%3Ka>K">, a

Cha?te* 1% de+to* ho oed mone( to his o*me* ie o* a di)o*ce ?*o?e*t( settlement as not the

o*me* ieGs Jiducia*(J ith *ega*d to the un?aid ?*o?e*t( settlement and t*anse*s that the de+to*

made to his ?a*ents, held the cou*t in 2n *e t*au+, 1!% 4.. 5%% K4anH*. D. .D. 1!!#>, he*e the

di)o*ce dec*ee did not aa*d s?eciic ?*o?e*t( to the o*me* ie othe* than a e household goods,

and a cash ?*o?e*t( settlement in lieu o an( othe* ma*ital ?*o?e*t( as an o*dina*( de+t. imila*l(,

o* ?u*?oses o the discha*ge ece?tion o* *aud o* dealcation hile acting in a iducia*( ca?acit(,

11 0..C.. L 5%3Ka>K">, cou*ts in the cases hich ollo ha)e decided that a de+to* di)o*ce dec*ee

o* se?a*ation ag*eement o+ligo* as not a iducia*( +ased on the acts and ci*cumstances o each

case, he*eM Mthe*e as insuicient e)idence to indicate that the ?lainti s?ouse and the de+to*,

he* o*me* s?ouse, e)e* ente*ed into an( iducia*( *elationshi? *ecogniRed +( e e*se( la, othe*

than that a*ising *om the o*me* hus+andGs duties as t*easu*e* o a com?an( in hich the o*me* ie

as the sole sha*eholde*, and as to hich the cou*t had ?*e)iousl( *uled e*e time-+a**ed. ens ).

ens, 155 Fed. ??. "% K%d Ci*. %$$5>. Mthe ?lainti s?ouse, ho as entitled, unde* a di)o*ce

dec*ee, to one-hal o the )alue o the o the no deunct co*?o*ation oned +( the ?lainti and the

de+to*, he* o*me* s?ouse, ?*esented almost no e)idence *ega*ding the co*?o*ationGs alleged )alue

and the act that the co*?o*ation ne)e* issued o stocH made it questiona+le hethe* the ?lainti had

standing as someone to hom a iducia*( dut( as oed, the cou*t concluding that the e)idence ell

a* sho*t o esta+lishing that the alleged de+t should +e ece?ted *om discha*ge unde* 11 0..C.. L

5%3Ka>K">. 2n *e ;osle*, 3$! 4.. 5"$ K4anH*. C.D. 2ll. %$$">. Malthough a ?o*tion o a di)o*ce

dec*ee aa*d as to com?ensate o* the de+to*Gs dissi?ation o ma*ital assets, the de+to* oed no

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iducia*( dut( to his o*me* ie at the time the assets e*e dissi?ated. 2n *e A*ight, 18" 4.. 318K4anH*. .D. 2ll. 1!!5>. Ma state cou*t had ente*ed an o*de* *equi*ing an e-ie to eecute a quitclaim deed as *equi*ed +( a dec*ee, and *equi*ing the de+to* o*me* hus+and to de?osit the net?*oceeds o the sale o the ?*o?e*t( into a cou*t *egist*( in o*de* to ?a( the ?*o?e*t( settlement oedto the e-ie +( the dissolution dec*ee, since the e-ieGs equit( in the ?*o?e*t( as etinguished+( the dissolution dec*ee and could not ?*o)ide the *es o* an( t*ust. 2n *e 6olH, 183 4.. 1$%$K4anH*. E.D. 'o. 1!!5>. Mno t*ust *elationshi? as c*eated unde* Calio*nia statuto*(, Cal. Ci).Code LL %%%3, %%%", o* common la hen a de+to* ailed to ?a( his e-ie ?a*t o his milita*(*eti*ement ?ension +eneit as *equi*ed +( a ma**iage dissolution Iudgment ?*o)iso. 2n *e eel(, 5!

4.. 18! K4anH*. D..D. 1!8#>. Mthe alleged de+t o an e-ie de+to* to he* e-hus+and as +ased

on a t*anse* o stocH *om the e-hus+and to the de+to* ?*io* to ma**iage, allegedl( o* estate

?lanning ?u*?oses, and the de+to* allegedl( made an o*al ?*omise that the stocH as held in an

e?*ess t*ust o* the e-hus+and, such ?*omise as not eno*cea+le, the stocH could not +e held to +e

communit( ?*o?e*t(, and the de+to* could +e conside*ed a iducia*( as to the stocH, he*e the state

di)o*ce cou*t aa*ded the stocH to the de+to* as he* se?a*ate ?*o?e*t(. 2n *e *ient, 33 Fed. ??.

8#$ K!th Ci*. %$$%>. Ma ?*o?e*t( settlement ag*eement inco*?o*ated into a ma**iage dissolution

dec*ee did not c*eate a )alid t*ust unde* Calio*nia la, and a de+to* o*me* hus+and *elied on a

0nited tates u?*eme Cou*t decision and sto??ed di*ecting the i* Fo*ce to send a ?o*tion o his

*eti*ement +eneits to his o*me* ie as *equi*ed +( the ?*o?e*t( settlement ag*eement, so that

?a(ments due *om the hus+and to the ie +eo*e the hus+and iled his +anH*u?tc( ?etition e*e not

ece?ted *om discha*ge. 2n *e Teichman, 77" F.%d 13!5, 13 4anH*. Ct. Dec. KC> 13!#, 13 Collie*

4anH*. Cas. %d K'4> 1$77, 4anH*. @. e?. KCC;> 7$851 K!th Ci*. 1!85>. Ma dissolution Iudgment,

*equi*ing a de+to* to ?a( his o*me* ie "5U o his g*oss milita*( *eti*ement ?a( as he* communit(

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?*o?e*t( inte*est in that ?a(, did not im?ose u?on the de+to* a technical o* e?*ess t*ust to taHe ca*e

o the o*me* ieGs sha*e and sc*u?ulousl( *emit that sha*e in a timel( ashion. 2n *e Thomas, "7

4.. %7, 1% 4anH*. Ct. Dec. KC> 1$78 K4anH*. .D. Cal. 1!8">. Ma o*me* ie ailed to sho that

a iducia*( *elationshi? as esta+lished +( a Iudgment o dissolution hich aa*ded "3U o the

de+to* o*me* hus+andGs monthl( milita*( *eti*ement +eneits to the o*me* ie ith the intent to

?*o)ide the ie ith means to su??o*t he*sel and he* child. 2n *e nde*son, %1 4.. 335, 4anH*. @.

e?. KCC;> #8773 K4anH*. .D. Cal. 1!8%>. M'ontanaGs const*ucti)e t*ust statute, 'ont. Code

nn. L 7%-33-%1!, did not maHe a Cha?te* 7 de+to* o*me* s?ouse a iducia*( o* nondischa*gea+ilit(

?u*?oses ith *ega*d to the de+to*Gs o+ligation unde* a state cou*t di)o*ce dec*ee to ?a( 13.#U o

each monthl( milita*( ?ension ?a(ment to his o*me* ie< unde* 'ontana la, a const*ucti)e t*ust

ould +e im?osed u?on the ?a(ment due the o*me* ie onl( ate* the de+to* deaulted in the

?a(ment o the o*me* ieGs sha*e o the monthl( ?ension +eneit. 2n *e Z*u+eH, 1"! 4.. #31

K4anH*. D. 'ont. 1!!3>. Mthe ?lainti ailed to allege, no less ?*o)e, the eistence o an e?*ess o*

technical t*ust +eteen the ?lainti and the de+to*, his e-ie, the cou*t concluding that the ?lainti

thus ailed to com?l( ith the *equi*ements o 11 0..C.. L 5%3Ka>K">. 2n *e liR(H, %$$# A@

%5$#5!1 K4anH*. '.D. Fla. %$$#>. Mthe language o the di)o*ce dec*ee *equi*ing the de+to*-hus+and

to ?a( one-hal o the ?*oceeds *om the sale o a amil(-oned +usiness to his o*me* ie did not

im?ose an e?*ess o* technical t*ust *elationshi? on the ?a*ties o the Hind *equi*ed to ece?t the

de+to*Gs o+ligation o* ?a(ment o the *emaining +alance o the sales ?*oceeds *om discha*ge unde*

11 0..C.. L 5%3Ka>K">. 2n *e 6ett(, 333 4.. "7% K4anH*. '.D. Fla. %$$5>. Ma di)o*ce dec*ee did

not designate a de+to* o*me* hus+and as a t*ustee

and did not esta+lish an e?*ess o* technical t*ust eisting ?*io* to an( alleged +*each o iducia*(

dut(. 2n *e 6attie, 1$8 4.. 7!1 K4anH*. '.D. Fla. 1!8!>. L #1. 6e*sonal t*anse*eeMFiducia*(

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ca?acit( ound Cou*ts in the cases +elo ha)e ound that a de+to* ?e*sonal t*anse*ee as a iducia*(

o* ?u*?oses o the discha*ge ece?tion o* *aud o* dealcation hile acting in a iducia*( ca?acit(,

11 0..C.. L 5%3Ka>K">, +ased on the acts and ci*cumstances o each case. ?*oceeding as

+*ought to ece?t a de+t *om discha*ge as one a*ising out o de+to*sG *aud o* dealcation hile

acting in a iducia*( ca?acit( unde* 11 0..C.. L 5%3Ka>K">, and ate* the cou*t held that the de+t

as nondischa*gea+le as to the de+to* hose mothe* ent*usted him ith ?*o?e*t( ?*io* to he* death,

+ut not as to the code+to* s?ouse, the cou*t in EcHell ). 4o*+idge, 11" 4.. #3 KE.D. 6a. 1!!$>,

dete*mined that the 4anH*u?tc( Cou*tGs inding that unds hich the mothe* t*anse**ed to he* de+to*

son e*e t*anse**ed ?u*suant to an e?*ess t*ust esta+lished o* the mothe*Gs +eneit, and e*e not

intended as a git, as suicientl( su??o*ted +( the e)idence in the discha*gea+ilit( ?*oceeding, and

that the*eo*e the de+to* as o?e*ating in a iducia*( ca?acit( o* ?u*?oses o 11 0..C.. L 5%3Ka>

K">.N1"O Dete*mination +( a state o*?hansG cou*t, that a de+to* had used his ?osition o ascendanc(

that he enIo(ed +( )i*tue o his conidential *elationshi? ith an elde*l( oman, to intentionall(

isolate he* *om othe*s and oste* he* com?lete de?endence u?on him, and ultimatel( to induce he* to

t*anse* to the de+to* ce*tain *eal estate, mone(, and tangi+le ?e*sonal ?*o?e*t(, concluded the cou*t

in 2n *e ohle*, %55 4.. ### K4anH*. E.D. 6a. %$$$>, as suicient to esta+lish that the de+to* stood

in a Jiducia*( ca?acit(J to the oman, as *equi*ed to ece?t the de+to*Gs *esulting de+t to the oman

*om discha*ge as one o+tained +( the de+to*Gs *aud o* dealcation hile acting in a iducia*(

ca?acit( unde* 11 0..C.. L 5%3Ka>K">. 2n 2n *e 'ullican, %" 4.. 1#1 K4anH*. E.D. 6a. 1!8%>, a

c*edito* +*ought an action against a de+to* seeHing to ha)e the de+t oed to he* dete*mined to +e

nondischa*gea+le, and the cou*t ound that he*e the unds gi)en to the de+to* e*e to +e held +(

him in t*ust, the de+t as c*eated hile the de+to* as acting in a iducia*( ca?acit( o* ?u*?oses o

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the ece?tion *om discha*ge o* de+t o* *aud o* dealcation hile acting in a iducia*( ca?acit(, 11 0..C.. L 5%3Ka>K">.

I. "*-ent Ente/e* A-)0nt P)0nt033 Sho* e V))te* 'e)e &0 %one6 F)0/e to7e)o A*o)te %ont0tte M0t):e An* ; O/ E ?@

n motion and u?on such te*ms as a*e Iust, the cou*t ma( *elie)e a ?a*t( o* a ?a*t(Gs legal

*e?*esentati)e *om a inal Iudgment, o*de*, o* ?*oceeding o* the olloing *easons: K1> mistaHe,

inad)e*tence, su*?*ise, o* ecusa+le neglect< K%> nel( disco)e*ed e)idence hich +( due diligence

could not ha)e +een disco)e*ed in time to mo)e o* a ne t*ial unde* ule 5!K+>< K3> *aud Khethe*

he*etoo*e denominated int*insic o* et*insic>, mis*e?*esentation o* othe* misconduct o an ad)e*se

?a*t(< K"> the Iudgment is )oid< o*, K5> the Iudgment has +een satisied, *eleased, o* discha*ged, o* a

?*io* Iudgment u?on hich it is +ased has +een *e)e*sed o* othe*ise )acated, o* it is no longe*

equita+le that an inIunction should ha)e ?*os?ecti)e a??lication. The motion shall +e made ithin a

*easona+le time, and o* *easons K1>, K%>, and K3> not mo*e than # months ate* the ?*oceeding as

taHen o* the date that *itten notice o ent*( o the Iudgment o* o*de* as se*)ed. 2n some instances

tolling ma( +e a??lica+le to the # month limitations ?e*iod. Deendant ould liHe to admit nel(

disco)e*ed e)idence hich *e)eals the cha*acte* t*aits o 's. llison. ee Ehi+it 1 4*ent anadaVs

ida)it.

1. De3en*)nt6 %one6 F)0/e to 7e)o A*o)te D/0n- A/0t/)t0on )n*

The/e)3te/ In P/0n- ) T/0) De Noo 0 E?@.

Deendant hi*ed '*. 'cenna to *e?*esent him in these matte*s< he had an e?ectation that

'*. 'cenna Realousl( ad)ocate on his +ehal. Ahen the ?a*ties ente*ed a*+it*ation, Deendant

/essin ?*o)ided '*. 'cenna that hich ould allo him to Realousl( ad)ocate and ?u*sue all

a??*o?*iate deenses and counte*claims he*e a??*o?*iate. Deendant as unaa*e that '*.

'cennaGs ?*esentation and choices du*ing the a*+it*ation and the*eate* ould ?*e)ent deendant

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*om +eing ao*ded a t*ial de no)o. Deendant t*ied to contact '*. 'cenna on se)e*al occasions

+ut *ecei)ed no *etu*n ?hone calls in some instances, and *ecei)ed )ague and cont*adicto*( *e?lies in

*es?onse to his que*ies as to h( the ?*esentation du*ing the a*+it*ation and the*eate* +( 'cenna

as so meeH and ecHless.

Deendant then attem?ted to *ecei)e a t*ial de no)o ate* *ecei)ing an a*+it*ato*Gs decision that

*eads mo*e liHe a @ietime Tele)ision Channel o* Aomen melod*amatic sc*een?la( than an(thing a

Iu*ist ould ?*oduce K*e?lete ith all so*ts o eats o imagination asc*i+ing moti)ations and

emotions to Taitano that ould someho amelio*ate the ?allid set o acts in su??o*t o he*

contentions and the antastical lea?s o aith she asHs the t*ie* o act to go on ith he*>, hoe)e*, a

t*ial de no)o ould ultimatel( not +e o*thcoming, amaRingl(, e)en he*e the a*+it*ato* clea*l(

eceeded his autho*it( in maHing *ulings on *eal ?*o?e*t( matte*s, hich eceeds his sco?e o

autho*it( in Cou*t anneed a*+it*ation ?*og*am. The Deendant should not sue* o* the inattention o

counsel no* o* the its o antas( o the a*+it*ato*.

2n taschel ). Aea)e* 4*othe*s, @td., !8 e). 55!, #55 6.%d 518 K1!8%>, the e)ada u?*emeCou*t held that atto*ne( neglect amounting to misconduct is not ?*o?e*l( im?uted to the client in dete*mining hethe* a deault Iudgment should +e set aside. KJTo cha*acte*iRe Nthe atto*ne(GsO ailu*e

to *e?*esent his client as Ginecusa+le neglectG ould +e cha*ita+le +ut ha*dl( candid. ;is de*elictiono the ?*oessional o+ligations oed a??ellant constituted actual misconduct.J>. ee gene*all(, .4e*nstein, nnotation, tto*ne(Gs 2naction as Ecuse o* Failu*e to Timel( 6*osecute ction, [email protected]#7" K1!#8>. Calio*nia acHnoledged this ?*o+lem in the 1!#$s, and concluded thatinaction and sloth +( an atto*ne( should not +e g*ounds o* a ci*cuit cou*t to inlict sue*ing u?on aninnocent client o the atto*ne(, +( dismissing the clientGs case.

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2n acco*d, @o*ds ). eman, #88 6.%d %!$, %!"-!5 K'ont. 1!8"> Kholding that hen case isdismissed due to atto*ne( negligence, Jno g*eat a+use o disc*etion need +e shon to a**ant*e)e*salJ +ecause the Wcou*t has +een hesitant to im?ute the neglect o an atto*ne( to his client< andhas +een loathe to ?e*mit this neglect to +a* a hea*ing on the me*its.J>< taschel ). Aea)e* 4*os. @td.,#55 6.%d 518, 51! Ke). 1!8%> KJTo cha*acte*iRe Nthe atto*ne(GsO ailu*e to *e?*esent his client asGinecusa+le neglectG ould +e cha*ita+le +ut ha*dl( candid. ;is de*eliction o the ?*oessionalo+ligations oed a??ellant constituted actual misconduct.J>. ee gene*all(, . 4e*nstein, nnotation,tto*ne(Gs 2naction as Ecuse o* Failu*e to Timel( 6*osecute ction, 15 [email protected]#7" K1!#8>.Kames 'iWton Co)ington and e*aWdine 2. Co)ington ). 'ichael ohn mith, Aalte* @ee Fo*+is,

(de* T*ucH ental, 2nc. and D.T.F. T*ucHing, 2nc. KCase 3$73", u?. Ct o ??eals, Aest 9i*giniaul(, 11, %$$3>.

II. The A/0t/)to/6 De00on E. The i*st ou* o thoseg*ounds a*e enume*ated in G38.1"5, hich allo o* an a*+it*ation aa*d to +e )acated i: K1> the

aa*d as ?*ocu*ed +( co**u?tion, *aud o* othe* undue means< K%> the*e as e)ident ?a*tialit( +( ana*+it*ato* a??ointed as a neut*al o* co**u?tion in an( o the a*+it*ato*s o* misconduct su+stantiall(?*eIudicing the *ights o an( ?a*t(< K3> the a*+it*ato*s eceeded thei* ?oe*s< K"> the a*+it*ato*s*eused to ?ost?one the hea*ing u?on suicient cause +eing shon the*eo*e o* *eused to hea*e)idence mate*ial to the cont*o)e*s( o* othe*ise so conducted the hea*ing, cont*a*( to the ?*o)isions

o G38.$75, as to the ?*eIudice su+stantiall( the *ights o a ?a*t(. G38.1"5K1>. The ith and

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onl( common la means to )acate an aa*d is he*e the a*+it*ato* maniestl( dis*ega*ds the la./*a+e*, 111 e). 1"%1, 1"%7%8.

;e*e, the a*+it*ato*Gs aa*d eceeded his autho*it(, *uling on *eal ?*o?e*t( matte*s, and as

such the udgment should +e set aside unde* C6 #$K+> and /*a+e*.

ailu*e to ?*osecute a case in good aith du*ing a*+it*ation constitutes a ai)e* o the *ightto a t*ial de no)o>< Casino 6*o?e*ties, 2nc. ). nd*es, 11% e). 13%, 135, !11 6.%d 1181, 118%K1!!#> Kequating good aith ith meaningul ?a*tici?ation in a manne* that ould not com?*omisethe ?u*?oses o mandato*( a*+it*ation>< /ittings ). ;a*tR, 11# e). 38#, 3!1, !!# 6.%d 8!8, !$1K%$$$> Ke?laining that hen a dist*ict cou*t st*iHes a *equest o* a t*ial de no)o, this cou*t *e)ies

the decision o* an a+use o disc*etion>.

6lainti Taitano made Deendant /essinGs case o* him du*ing the ?*esentation o he* case

du*ing the a*+it*ation. E)en i /essin ?*esented a+solutel( nothing, much liHe a c*iminal deense

atto*ne( ho *ealiRes the ?*osecutionGs case is such a a*ce that the*e is not incenti)e to ?utting the

deendant on the itness stand, a t*ial de no)o is in eminentl( in o*de*. TaitanoGs *idiculous tale

Kmeet a gu( one eeH, Iust se)en da(s late* gi)e him a shoe+o o cash o* something simila* ith no

*itten assu*ances o an(thing and Iust some )ague talH o in)esting this o* that> and the te?id

manne* in hich is as laid out +( ;all did all the deending in this case that /essin could ha)e e)e*

*equi*ed, and u*the*, those same actions ?*esented all the e)idence /essin could e)e* need to

su??o*t his a+use o ?*ocess and othe* counte*claims. The antastical natu*e o TaitanoGs testimon(

and ?*esentation s?eaHs o* itsel.

III. ')e* UBon the NeC D0oe/e* )n* &0-h In3))to/ E0*ene )n* the

F/)* Ree)t0on In0*ent The/eto, the "*-ent Sho* e Set A0*e.

'*. /essin has nel( disco)e*ed itness testimon( that co**o+o*ates that the*e as a scheme

to +*ing *aud u?on the cou*ts. 's. Taitano, 's.issone and Ch*istina ;o, all met in anua*( %$1$ to

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cons?i*e a sto*( to cause '*. /essin as man( lasuits, inancial damage as ?ossi+le. ee Ehi+it 1,

4*ent anadaVs ida)it. 2t ill +e ?*o)en and shon th*ough nel( disco)e*ed documents and

itness testimon(, that these th*ee omen had a distinct ?lan, and eecuted it th*ough the a)ail o an

unethical atto*ne(. The atto*ne( /lade ;all, himsel has made unt*uthul statements to dissuade, den(

and im?ugned alse theo*ies to (ield a Jalse ?ositi)eJ th*ough the misuse o the ci)il ?*ocess. 2t

should +e noted that this deendant himsel, has o+tained multi?le sanctions and atto*ne(s ees

against this atto*ne(s a+use o C6 *ules o ?*ocedu*e. C6 0@E #$: E@2EF F'

0D/'ET DE... K+> 'istaHes< 2nad)e*tence< Ecusa+le eglect< el( Disco)e*ed

E)idence< F*aud, Etc. n motion and u?on such te*ms as a*e Iust, the cou*t ma( *elie)e a ?a*t( o* a

?a*t(Gs legal *e?*esentati)e *om a inal Iudgment, o*de*, o* ?*oceeding o* the olloing *easons: K1>

mistaHe, inad)e*tence, su*?*ise, o* ecusa+le neglect< K%> nel( disco)e*ed e)idence hich +( due

diligence could not ha)e +een disco)e*ed in time to mo)e o* a ne t*ial unde* ule 5!K+>< K3> *aud

Khethe* he*etoo*e denominated int*insic o* et*insic>, mis*e?*esentation o* othe* misconduct o an

ad)e*se ?a*t(< ...The motion shall +e made ithin a *easona+le time, and o* *easons K1>, K%>, and K3>

not mo*e than # months ate* the ?*oceeding as taHen o* the date that *itten notice o ent*( o the

Iudgment o* o*de* as se*)ed. motion unde* this su+di)ision K+> does not aect the inalit( o a

Iudgment o* sus?end its o?e*ation. This *ule does not limit the ?oe* o a cou*t to ente*tain an

inde?endent action to *elie)e a ?a*t( *om a Iudgment, o*de*, o* ?*oceeding, o* to set aside a

Iudgment o* *aud u?on the cou*t. A*its o co*am no+is, co*am )o+is, audita que*ela, and +ills o

*e)ie and +ills in the natu*e o a +ill o *e)ie, a*e a+olished, and the ?*ocedu*e o* o+taining an(

*elie *om a Iudgment shall +e +( motion as ?*esc*i+ed in these *ules o* +( an inde?endent action.

Dist*ict cou*t has ide disc*etion in deciding hethe* to g*ant o* den( a motion to set aside a

Iudgment. ules Ci).6*oc., ule #$K+>. Dist*ict cou*t deciding hethe* to g*ant *elie *om Iudgment

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on g*ounds o mistaHe o* inad)e*tence o* ecusa+le neglect must anal(Re hethe* mo)ant ?*om?tl(a??lied to *emo)e Iudgment, lacHed intent to dela( ?*oceedings, demonst*ated good aith, lacHedHnoledge o ?*ocedu*al *equi*ements, and tende*ed me*ito*ious deense to claim o* *elie. ules Ci).6*oc., ule #$K+>K1>. @esle( ). @esle(, 1!!7, !"1 6.%d "51, 113 e). 7%7. 6*et*ial 6*ocedu*e #!7

Ecusa+le neglect as not a +asis u?on hich hotel could +e g*anted *elie *om deault Iudgment inguestGs ?e*sonal inIu*( action, he*e hotel iled motion to set aside deault Iudgment mo*e than simonths ate* ent*( o deault Iudgment. @ind+lom ). 6*ime ;os?italit( Co*?., %$$", !$ 6.3d 1%83,1%$ e). 37%. udgment 153K%> ut-o-state deendantGs lacH o notice o t*ial date su??o*tedg*anting *elie *om Iudgment on +asis o ecusa+le neglect, e)en i deendant as an atto*ne( and

ma( not ha)e +een igno*ant o ?*ocedu*al *equi*ements< neithe* deendantGs status as atto*ne( no*etensi)e Hnoledge o ci)il ?*ocedu*e could ha)e gi)en him Hnoledge o t*ial date. ulesCi).6*oc., ule #$K+>, K+>K1>. toecHlein ). ohnson Elec., 2nc., 1!!3, 8"! 6.%d 3$5, 1$! e). %#8.udgment 3#7 @acH o ?*ocedu*al Hnoledge on ?a*t o mo)ing ?a*t( is not ala(s necessa*( tosho ecusa+le neglect as +asis o* *elie *om Iudgment< *athe*, each case de?ends on its acts. ules

Ci).6*oc., ule #$K+>, K+>K1>. udgment 3#7 E)idence at hea*ing on motion o* *elie *om Iudgmenton +asis o ecusa+le neglect did not sho that deendant acted ith intent to dela( ?*oceedingshen he ailed to a??ea* at t*ial ate* deense counsel as alloed to ithd*a and ithd*aal o*de*stated inco**ect add*ess o* se*)ice o utu*e ?leadings on out-o-state deendant< deendant a??ea*edat de?osition ithout counsel, *athe* than seeHing continuance, and he sought immediate *elie ate**ecei)ing notice o Iudgment. ules Ci).6*oc., ule #$K+>, K+>K1>. toecHlein ). ohnson Elec., 2nc.,1!!3, 8"! 6.%d 3$5, 1$! e). %#8. udgment 3#5< udgment 38#K#> lthough ailu*e to ile anse*ma( ha)e suggested neglect on ?a*t o deendantsG counsel, dist*ict cou*t as not +ound to decla*e itecusa+le, o* ?u*?oses o setting aside deault Iudgment o+tained against deendants. C6 55Kc>,

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#$K+>K1>. Tahoe 9illage ealt( ). Demet, 1!7!, 5!$ 6.%d 1158, !5 e). 131. Dete*mination oeistence o ecusa+le neglect as g*ound o* *elie *om inal Iudgment is matte* ithin sounddisc*etion o dist*ict Iudge. C6 #$K+> K1>. gle ). 'ille*, 1!71, "!1 6.%d "$, 87 e). 573.udgment 3"" 2n addition to shoing ecusa+le neglect as +asis o* *elie *om inal Iudgment, mo)ant must demonst*ate that he has a me*ito*ious deense to the action. C6 #$K+> K1>. gle ).'ille*, 1!71, "!1 6.%d "$, 87 e). 573. udgment 37!K1> Ahe*e, u?on +eing se*)ed ith ?*ocessith *es?ect to claim o* ages, deendant contacted atto*ne( ho ad)ised him that he ould suggest

that codeendant taHe ca*e o o+ligation and, +elie)ing matte* as settled, deendant did nothing until

he *ecei)ed notice that a deault Iudgment o* man( times the amount o the o*iginal claim had +een

ente*ed against him, dist*ict Iudge did not a+use his disc*etion in inding that deendantGs ailu*e toanse* as ecusa+le neglect and in setting aside Iudgment. C6 #$K+> K1>< ... #$8.$1$ et seq.gle ). 'ille*, 1!71, "!1 6.%d "$, 87 e). 573. udgment 1"3K8> eusal to set aside deaultIudgment o* Deendants as not e**o*, he*e deendantsG onl( ecuse o* ailu*e to a??ea* as thei**eliance on act that the( had made a counte*oe*, hich as o questiona+le )alue and hich had+een *ecei)ed in oice o ?e*sonal *iend, o* communication to Deendants, on da( o t*ial, someth*ee da(s ate* *iend had let o* anothe* state, and hich had not +een communicated toDeendants. #$K+>. 4ooHe* ). oe?nicH, 1!7$, "7" 6.%d 7%3, 8# e). #7$. udgment 1"3K3>con)e*sation as u*ged +( he* to ile his anse*, his neglect in ailing to ile a timel( anse* as notecusa+le and it as e**o* to set aside the deault.

%ON%LUSION

The de+t he*e is discha*gea+le ?u*suant to ection 5%3 Ka>K%> o the 4anH*u?tc( Code. This

??osition is made and +ased on said state cou*t Iudgment and the olloing 6oints and utho*ities,

and the ?a?e*s and ?leadings on ile in this matte*:

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A;EEFE, Zach Coughlin, Esq. he*e+( *equest this ;ono*a+le Cou*t g*ant this 'otion o* Aithd*aal as Counsel in

the instant case. Dated on this 'a*ch 1!th, %$1%

;; 7)h %o-h0n

7)h %o-h0n, E.

Atto/ne 3o/ e0n, nn*e* e/0e

Documents

3 19 12 11-05078 0204 REQUEST for PERMISSION to FILE LATE or Opposition to Summ Judgment and Mtn Withdrawal - Filing 16 - Copy