3-1 DEMOGRAPHY

Demography – the numerical study of the characteristics, trends, and issues of a population.

Why do governments and businesses study demography?

Population – the measure of the number of people who live in a specific place at a specific time.

Populations change over time. For example, Canada:

YEAR POPULATION

1867 3.5 MILLION

1967 20 MILLION

2012 33.5 MILLION

Canada ranks 37th as a country in population. (World – 7 billion)

Population Density

Population density – a measure of crowdedness.

It tells how many people on average live in a square km.

Population Density = population land area (km2)

What is the population density of Canada?

3 per km2

Every area of Canada does not have the same populationdensity – it is an average.

Population distribution – where people live , varies across the country, and withinprovinces and territories.

Major cities like Toronto, Montreal, and Vancouver have a population density of 4000 per km2.

Complete 3, 4 b, 5, 6, 7, 8 on page 161.

Population ChangeWhat factors cause a population to change?Birth Rate – the number of children born in an area for every 1000 inhabitants of that area.

Death Rate – the number of people who die in an area for every 1000 inhabitants of that area.

Natural Increase Rate - difference between the birth and death rate of a country. (NIR = BR – DR) (Natural change can be a negative #)

Immigration – moving into a new country to live permanently.

Immigration rate:

Emigration – leaving a country of origin to live in another country.

Emigration rate:

Net Migration – The difference between the immigration and emigration rate.

Natural change – change in population involving births and deaths.

NC = Births - Deaths

Actual change - change in population involving births, deaths, immigration and emigration.

AC = (B – D) + (I – E)

Title & Year

Males-LEFT Females-RIGHT

Up by 1’s, 0 near origin!

Up by 1’s, 0 near origin!

Age groups…0 - 4 at bottom!

Population Pyramids

Population pyramid – a graph showing the population based on age groups and gender.

The shape of the pyramid can reveal a lot about the population:

• Birth rate• Death rate• Male – Female ratio

• Seniors – Youth Ratio• Growth Rate• Anomalies

Expanding population - population is increasing - pyramid is wide at the bottom - high death rate (left) or decreasing (right)

Contracting population - population is decreasing - low birth rate / low death rate - child-bearing age are not replacing

themselves - bottom more narrow than middle

Stable population - population is basically staying the same - declining birth rate / low death rate- child-bearing age groups are replacing

themselves- middle is roughly the width of the bottom

Complete # 1 on page 173