INTRODUCTORY NOTE

SUBJECT:ENGLISH CLASS: 11

Dear students, Welcome to the new academic session 2020-21.I’m Isha Pachar, your English teacher. Let us start our new year with hopes and dreams that no matter how limited we might be, we will do our best to achieve what call dreams. We have two text books; 1. Hornbill: Textbook published by NCERT

2.Snapshots: Supplementary Reader published by NCERT

CBSE English Core Class 11 Syllabus 2020-21

Section Area of Learning Marks

Section – A Reading Skills 20 Marks

Section – B Writing Skills and Grammar 30 Marks

Section – C Literature & Long Reading Text 30 Marks

Section – D Assessment of Speaking & Listening Skills 20 Marks

Total Marks 100 Marks

Section – A: Reading Comprehension Very short answer / Short answer and MCQ type questions:

Two unseen passages with a variety of questions including 4 marks for vocabulary such as word formation and inferring meaning. The total range of the 2 passages including a poem or a stanza, will be around 900-1000 words.

1. 550-600 words in length (for note-making and summarising)2. 350-400 words in length (to test comprehension, interpretation, and inference)

An unseen poem of about 28-35 lines

The passages could be of any one of the following types:

Factual passages, e.g., illustrations, description, reports Discursive passages involving opinion, e.g., argumentative, persuasive

Literary passages e.g. extract from fiction, biography, autobiography, travelogue, etc. In the case of a poem, the text may be shorter than the prescribed word limit.

SECTION – B : Writing Skills and GrammarWriting

Short Answer Questions: Based on notice/ poster/ advertisement Long Answer Questions: Letters based on verbal/visual input. It would cover all types of

letters.

Letter types may include :

1. business or official letters (for making enquiries, registering complaints, asking for and giving information, placing orders and sending replies)

2. letter to the school or college authorities, regarding admissions, school issues, requirements /suitability of courses, etc.

3. letters to the editor (giving suggestions on an issue)4. application for a job with a bio-data or resume

Very Long Answer Question: Composition in the form of article, speech, report writing or a narrative

Grammar

Different grammatical structures in meaningful contexts will be tested. Item types will include gap filling, sentence re-ordering, dialogue completion and sentence transformation. The grammar syllabus will include determiners, tenses, clauses, modals and Change of Voice. These grammar areas will be tested using the following

short answer type and MCQ type questions :

Error Correction, editing tasks Re-ordering of Sentences

Transformation of sentences

Section – C: Literature and Long Reading TextsQuestions to test comprehension at different levels: Literal, inferential and evaluative

1.Hornbill: Textbook published by NCERT

1. The Portrait of a Lady Khushwant singh *A PhotographShirley Toulson

2.We’re Not Afraid to Die… if We Can All Be TogetherGordan Cook and Alan East

3.Discovering Tut: the Saga ContinuesA.R.Williams*The Laburnum TopTed Hughes

4.Landscape of the Soul Nathalie Trouveroy *The Voice of the Rain

Walt Whitman

5.The Ailing Planet: the Green Movement’sNani Palkhivala

6.The Browning Version Terence Rattigan*ChildhoodMarkus Natten

7.The AdventureJayant Narlikar

8.Silk Road Nick Middleton

*Father to son Elizabeth Jennings

2.Snapshots: Supplementary Reader published by NCERT1. The Summer of the Beautiful White HorseWilliam Saroyan

2. The AddressMarga Minco

3. Ranga’s Marriage

Masti Venkatesha Iyengar

4. Albert Einstein at School Patrick Pringle

5. Mother’s DayJ.B. Priestley

6. The Ghat of the Only WorldAmitav Ghosh

7. Birth

A.J. Cronin 8. The Tale of Melon City Vikram Seth

Questions from the prescribed texts to test comprehension at different levels, like literal,

inferential and evaluative will be asked.

1. Two Objective Type Questions out of three – Based on an extract from poetry to test

reference to context comprehension and appreciation. – (1×2=2 Marks)

2. Five Short Answer Questions out of six (3 questions should be from Hornbill) –

Based on prose, poetry and plays from both the texts. (2×5=10 marks))

3. One Long Answer Question out of two from Hornbill (to be answered in 120-150

words) Based on prescribed texts to test global comprehension and extrapolation

beyond the texts.( 6 Marks)

4. One Long Answer Questions out of two from Snapshots (to be answered in 120-150

words) -Based on theme, plot, incidents or events to test global comprehension and

extrapolation beyond the texts. (6 Marks)

5. One Long Answer Question out of two from Hornbill (to be answered in 120-150

words)-Based on understanding appreciation, analysis and interpretation of the

characters/events/episodes/incidents .( 6 Marks)

Class XI

Accountancy

Basic Introduction to Accounting

Why do we study accounting in class XI

It helps business owners to access their business’ yearly performance. It also provides a fair representation of an organizations financial results ( i.e. profits or losses) of a business.

Meaning of Accounting:

“ Accounting is an art of recording , classifying, and summarizing in a significant manner and in terms of money , transactions and events which are at least of financial character and interpreting the results thereof.”

Objectives of Accounting:

1. To keep systematic record of business. 2. To calculate profit or loss. 3. To know the progress of business from year to year. 4. To prevent fraud and error of business.

Functions of Accounting:

1. To maintain complete and systematic records. 2. To communicate results to its users. 3. It provides assistance to the management. 4. It helps to determine the profitability of a business.

Basic Accounting Terms:

1. Capital: The amount invested by the owner in a business is termed as Capital. It may be form of cash, goods etc.

2. Drawings: The cash withdrawn by the owner for personal use is termed as drawings. It means only money withdrawn is for personal and not for business use.

3. Liability: It means the amount which the firm has to pay to it’s outsiders is known as liability. For eg. When a firm purchases goods on credit from suppose Mr. A, the amount to be paid to A is a liability for a business.

4. Assets: Anything which will enable a business to get cash or benefit in near future is an asset for a business.

5. Transactions: It is an economic activity that changes the financial position of a business. For eg. When salary paid to employees is said to be a transaction for a business. It should involve a monetary matter. Social activities is not a transaction. The change must be capable of being expressed in terms of money.

INTRODUCTION TO ECONOMICS

(i) DEFINITION OF ECONOMICS – Economics is the study of how we make choices to allocate scarce resources to satisfy our unlimited wants.

(ii) CHOICE- It can be defined as the process of selection of a alternative(s) amongst various alternatives.

(iii) WANTS- It can be defined as all the desire, aspirations and motive of human beings.

(iv) NEED – A Need is something that is necessary for an individual to live. (v) RESOURCE - Any tangible or intangible thing that can be put to use for

a given purpose can be called a resource. (vi) ECONOMY- It can be defined as a system by which people get their

living. In other words it can be defined as a mechanism spread over a particular geographical area that tells the nature and level of economic activities performed in that area.

(vii) NON ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES- The activities that are performed due to some emotions like love, kindness, patriotism etc are called non economic activities. In simple words non economic activities are not concerned with generation of money and wealth. e.g. charitable activities, prayer etc.

(viii) ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES- An Economic activity means that activity which is based on or related to the use of scarce resources for satisfaction of our unlimited wants. In simple words economic activities are all such activities that are concerned with generation of money and wealth generally to earn a living. E.g.- A farmer growing wheat, manufacturing of TV sets in a factory , a doctor treating his patients.

(ix) TYPES OF BASIC ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES:

(A) PRODUCTION- It is that economic activity which is concerned with increasing the utility or value of goods and services.

(B) CONSUMPTION – It is that economic activity which is concern with use of goods and services for satisfaction of wants.

(C) INVESTMENT – It is that economic activity which is concerned with production of capital goods for further production of goods and services.

(D) EXCHANGE – It is that economic activity which is concerned with sale and purchase of commodities.

(E) DISTRIBUTION – It is that economic activity which deals with determination of prices of factors of production.

(x) BASIC FACTORS OF PRODUCTION (A) Land – This not only includes land but also other natural resources to

produce goods and services. (B) Labour- It is the physical or mental effort that people contribute to produce

goods and services. (C) Capital- In economics capital is generally defined as all man made

machines tools and buildings etc. that are used for further production of goods and services.

(D) Entrepreneurship- The fourth basic factor of production is entrepreneurship. An entrepreneur is a person who combines the other factors of production –land, labour and capital generally to earn a profit.

(xi) REMUNERATION TO BASIC FACTORS OF PRODUCTION

(A) Rent – For its contribution in the process of production land gets rent. (B) Wages – For its contribution towards process of production labour gets

wages. (C) Interest- For its contribution in the process of production capital gets

interest. (D) Profit- For arranging every other factors of production and taking risk

entrepreneur gets profit. (xii) COMMODITIES- In Economics a commodity is defined as a good or

service that can be bought or sold (exchanged) in the market for a price. (xiii) MARKET- In economics market can be defined as a facility or a system

or a mechanism which brings buyers and sellers in contact with each other and sale and purchase of goods and services takes place with or without the help of money.

(xiv) BARTER SYSTEM- In this system exchange of goods and services takes place without the help of money.

Introduction to Informatics Practices Informatics Practices is a subject offered to students of classes 11 and 12 in Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE). At this stage, students take up IP with the aim of pursuing their interest and further study in computer application development and data science at higher levels. There is a need to introduce the basics of Computer as well as the importance of data science in today’s scenario. In order to achieve a deeper understanding of the subject, the curriculum which would be included in this subject (IP) is:

1. Python Programming Language 2. MySQL 3. Computer Networking 4. Cyber Safety and Cyber Crime

Python supports cross-platform operating systems which makes building applications with it all the more convenient. Some of the globally known applications such as YouTube, BitTorrent, DropBox, Google Search, Instagram etc. use Python to achieve their functionality.

Python is also used in the development of interactive games.

Python has been an important part of Google from the company's beginning. Python is recognized as an official language at Google, it is one of the key languages at Google today, alongside with C++ and Java.

MySQL is a DBMS package which is used for management of data. MySQL is used for a wide range of purposes, including data warehousing, e-commerce, data science and logging applications.

Computer networks support many applications and services, such as access to the World Wide Web, digital video, digital audio, shared use of application and storage servers, printers, and fax machines, and use of email and instant messaging applications.

Cyber safety is about keeping information safe and secure, and also about being responsible with that information, being respectful of other people online. It is the protection of data, networks, programs and other information from unauthorized or unintended access, and using good 'netiquette' (internet etiquette).