IES LOS MOLINOS CARTAGENA

DEPARTMENT OF SOCIAL SCIENCES, GEOGRAPHY AND HISTORY

SUMMER REVISION BOOKLET 2 ESO (bilingual)Please, remember the complete and correct booklet is 30% of the FINAL MARK in Septembers examination. You MUST hand in the booklet right before the exam starts.

TO GIVE TO THE TEACHER: Ms. Salgado FantuzziDATE: Course 2014- 2015Unit 1: The Early Middle Ages1. Map Draw a line on the map to show the division of the Eastern and Western Roman Empire. Label the two Empires on the map.(2) On the map draw an arrow to show where the Huns came from. On the map colour and label the areas settled by the Visigoths, Suebi, Ostrogoths, Vandals and the Franks. Name the cities of Alexandria, Rome, Constantinople and Cartagena on the map

2. Read the list of reasons why the Roman Empire declined below. Underline the correct ones. The Emperors in Rome were weak leaders There were plenty of loyal soldiers to defend the borders The border with Germania was very long The Huns invaded Europe from the East so the Germanic tribes moved into the Roman Empire Trade within the Empire was very active

3.Write the correct word next to the definition___________________ progress towards the end of something.___________________ it is a movement of population from one place to another____________________ it is a large territory with different people ruled by an emperor____________________ single ruler of an empire____________________ entering another country to take it over____________________ a condition of instability that leads to an important change4. Describe the Visigoth economy and way of life using the picture.

5. Label the following images as Visigoth Art and Byzantine Art. Then write a brief description of them.

6. Match the following political units with the correct description (2,5)a. Western Roman Empireit was ruled by strong Emperors in the 8th and 9th centuries in Western Europe___b. Byzantine Empirename of the Roman territories ruled from Constantinople after the division of the Empire___c. Byzantine Empireterritories ruled by Rome after the Roman Empire was divided in the 4th century ____d. Carolingian Empireterritories ruled by the Moors that invaded the Iberian Peninsula in the 8th Century ____e. Al Andalusarea ruled by the Emperor settled in Constantinople from the 5th to the 15th Century___7. Who was Mohammed? Write 2 sentences about him and why he was important.

8. What is the name of the holy book of Islam?

9. Match the 5 Pillars of Islam with the correct descriptionA. Shahadahpilgrimage to Mecca _______B. Salahto give help to the poor_______C. Hajjto declare your faith in Allah _____D. Sawmto pray 5 times a day _____E. Zakahto fast during Ramadan ______10. Label the picture of the mosque below

11. Complete the following paragraph on the Carolingian Empire using the following words (not all of them are correct!): fidelity - Christian - 8th country Pope - Augustus 10th bonds -Charlemagne- empire 9th loyalty- nobility.The Carolingian Empire___________________ is known as the father of Western Europe because he established a strong ____________________ in the _____th and _____th centuries by conquering large areas of present day (name two of the modern countries we find in that area today). Once peace was established he began a renaissance of culture and learning. He was a strong ________________ and a good ally of the leader of the Church, the ________________. He made sure his empire was well organized by the system of _______________ ______________.

Unit 2: Feudal Society1. Match the following words with their definition by putting the number next to the word

1. Fief a competition of jousting ____2. Peasant a tax paid by peasants to the church _____3. Noble a member of the Church _____4. Tournament a member of the highest social class _____5. Tithe person who worked for the nobles _____6. Clergy land given to the nobles in return for homage _____

2. Who are they? Write king, noble, clergyman, knight and peasant next to each statement.

They were lords, barons, counts, dukes, earls ________ He works in the manor with his family _________ He was at the top of the feudal system _______ He gave some land to his knights ______ He lives in a monastery ________ They shared out their land with the peasants ________ He received loyalty and protection from the nobles _______ He participated in tournaments __________

3. Draw the diagram of feudal society, adding a description to each group (occupations, lifestyle, amount of people, etc.). Also show the privileged and non-privileged groups

4. How did the feudal system work? Complete the statements

a) The king owned all the land. He gave land to ... In return, they gave the king..b) The nobles paid homage to the king. This means thatThe nobles gave the king.c) The knights shared out the land they received from .. with the .... And they gave certain things to the nobles including.d) The peasants received land and . from... They promised to ..

5. Study the picture and answer:a) What is fallow land?

b) What was the tithe barn used for?

c) Who lived in the manor house?

e) How was the manor self sufficient?

6. Are these words related to regular or secular clergy? Write them under the correct column: monk friar monastery parish bishop vow nun convent cardinal abbessSECULAR CLERGYREGULAR CLERGY

7. The Crusades. Underline the correct statements about the Crusades Jerusalem is a holy city for Christians, Jews & Muslims The Pope told Christians not to go on Crusades There were 2 Crusades Judaism, Islam & Christianity are polytheistic religions The Christians were afraid that Islam would spread into Europe Problems in trade caused by the Turkish Muslims8. True or False? Correct the false statements a. 20 miles was the furthest most people travelled in the Middle Ages ____b. People travelled to go to the market, visiting friends and for religious reasons _____c. Tracks were in excellent condition ___d. It was easy to get lost because there were no signs on roads _____e. Travelling was safe ___f. People stayed at inns and monasteries overnight _____g. Horse and cart, boat and coach were the most popular means of travel _

Unit 3: AL ANDALUS1. INVASION AND EXPANSIONa) Study the maps and complete the statements below:

i. The Visigothic kingdom in 711 was ..ii. The Muslims from North Africa entered the Iberian Peninsula because . iii. The Muslims entered the Peninsula through_________________ and moved _____________ wardsiv. The Muslims met ________ resistance from the Visigoths. Thats the reason they ........v. _________________ was the name territories of the Iberian Peninsula under the Muslim influence received.vi. Early on, the government of _____________ depended on the Ummayad Caliphate of ___________

b) Put the statements into the correct order using the line on the left; then, find out the date of each event and write it in the box on the right, next to each statement:________ Abd-al-Rahman I declared independence from Damascus________ Moors crossed the Straits of Gibraltar to help one of the Visigoth kings________ Battle of Covadonga ________ Visigoths control the Iberian Peninsula, but theres a lot of internal trouble________ Moors conquered most of Iberian Peninsula________ Start of the most brilliant period of Al Andalus: Caliphate of Crdobac) Using the events above, build a timeline using the correct dates and order of events:

d) Which area of the Peninsula was not occupied and conquered by the Moors? Why?

e) Complete with the correct word.

_______________________ was the political and religious leader of the Muslims _______________________ governor or ruler that could be independent _______________________ was the capital of the Moors _______________________ was the river that served as main line of Christian defense _______________________ were the political units; small kingdoms Al Andalus was divided into _______________________ taxes paid by Moors to the Christian Kings _______________________ battle that allowed Christians to conquer almost all Al Andalus territories in 1212 ______________________ last Muslim territory in the Iberian Peninsula, located in the south-east ______________________ monarchs that defeated the Nasrid kingdom in 1492

2. CITIES OF AL ANDALUSa) Complete the following paragraph about Crdoba.With more than 100,000 inhabitants in the ________th century, Crdoba was one of the __________ populated and important cities in .. . Crdoba was an important market town. _____________ and _________ displayed their goods in the street. The city was also an important ________ centre. Philosophers, astronomers, musicians and poets lived there. The centre of the city was the ________________ -or old city, which contained the most important buildings. It was surrounded by a _____________ with several gates, which were closed ... . In the main area was the great mosque or ______________; smaller mosques were distributed around other areas of the city. The fortified _____________ was centre of political life, and the ________________ was the heart of the citys social and economic activity. The public ________ or hammam, where men and women separately met to enjoy a moment of relaxation, were also an important place for Muslims. The ___________ ____________ was the area of the city where Jewish people lived. Surrounding the wall, in the _________ -or workers district, craft workshops were located. Around the walls, gardens and orchards were also found.

b) Fill in the blanks with the different parts of the Al Andalus city. Then, describe their function next to each label.

3. SOCIETY AND ECONOMY IN AL ANDALUSa) Complete each sentence using the correct word: Women Slaves - Berbers Arabs- Mulades Jews- Mozarabs Beggars

i. The _______________ owned the best land and were part of the governmentii. The _______________ had fewer privileges and sometimes rebellediii. The _______________ had been Christians but converted to Islam to improve their positioniv. The _______________ were Christians who had to pay taxes v. The _______________ usually lived in a separate part of the city.vi. The _______________ were the least important people in Al Andalus society

b) True or False? Correct the False statementsa. Irrigation was one of the most important elements in Al Andalus agriculture ____b. Some crops like corn and potato were introduced by the Muslims ___c. Crafts represented an important economic activity in cities ____d. Cities were important economic, administrative and cultural centres ____e. Silk was imported from Christian territories ____f. Silk was really appreciated. All people, men and women, wore clothes made of this material ____4. ART AND ARCHITECTUREa) Write a list with the main characteristics of Al Andalus art and architecture. Main characteristics of Al Andalus art and architecture

b) Study the picture and label it with the different features of Al Andalus art and architecture you can see. Then, answer the questions below

i. What element of the Patio de los Leones was unique in Al Andalus art? Why?

ii. Where is the Patio de los Leones located?

5. THE CHRISTIAN KINGDOMSName the rivers on the map. What was the Muslim territory calledname it on the map

a) Which kingdoms originated in the mountain ranges of Cantabria in the 8th-10th centuries?

b) Which direction did the Christians move when they reconquered the Iberian peninsula?

c) Which natural barriers were important in the Christian advance? Why?

d) Which method did the Christians use to occupy new land?

e) Which Kingdom is described? It was the first Christian kingdom, and was eventually renamed Len. ____________ It was originally called Pamplona ____________ It started off as part of Navarre, but was eventually united with the Catalan Counties ____________ After Independence, Alfonso Henriques was its first King ____________ It was originally part of Len, but then it gained independence. Finally it was united with Len. ____________ They paid homage to the French monarchs, although they gradually became more independent. ____________

Unit 4: Medieval cities1. TRADE Match the words with their definitionsA Trade____trade along the Atlantic coastline of EuropeB Merchant____ to send goods to another countryC Export____ a person in the trading businessD Import____ to buy and sell goods E Atlantic trade____ to bring goods into a country

2. TRADE Complete the mapa) Label the Atlantic Ocean, Black Sea, Mediterranean Sea, Baltic Seab) Draw and label the two main trade routes using 2 colours c) Label the main ports of Europe: Venice, Barcelona, Valencia, Sevilla, Bilbao, Lisbon, London, Constantinople, Bruges, Hamburg, Marseilles, Lbeckd) Add these products in the correct place: gold, wine, luxury items, wool, timber, wheat, spices

3. CHANGES IN AGRICULTURE AND POPULATION a) Match the changes and their description1. Wind and water mills___ 3 types of crops were rotated every year so soil remained fertile2. Improvements in tools___ more energy to grind barley and wheat3. Irrigation___ ploughs changed in shape and materials so the farmers work became more efficient4. Crop rotation___ artificial watering was introduced in dry areas

b) What are the consequences of the changes in agriculture?

c) How did the population of Europe change? Answer True or False; correct the False statementsPopulation decreased between 1000 and 1300 ______Population increased in the 14th century ________Population began to grow again after 1400 ______The population of Europe fell by 25% due to the Black Death ______4. CRAFTS IN TOWNS Complete the paragraph_________________ (who had a special trade like shoemaking) formed ____________ to help protect the business they were running. These associations made rules about .. .. . But these associations also had a positive role__________________________ employed young boys to learn the craft. The ____________________ would work for very little money, though usually he earned nothing, and he had to obey strict rules. His training would last ________ years that means hed be around ______ years old when he became a _________________. These young men received a salary and worked for more than one craftsman to gain experience. After several years the ______________ might want to start his own shop. If the __________ in the town felt there was enough trade for another shop, he would be asked to prepare a ___________________ (.. ) to show that he was a skilled worker in his trade. If he was considered good enough he could have a shop of his own.

5. MEDIEVAL CITIESa) Why did towns grow? Underline the reasons why cities grewlong distance from the monasteries - short distance from trade route peasants migrated to the towns - less people were needed in agriculture after 5 years living in the town a peasant became free - towns offered more opportunities for work - new farming techniques resulted in more work for peasants - each city had its own government - peasants were controlled by feudal lords it was an advantage to have a river near the townb) Look at the image and write five statements describing the way people lived in medieval towns. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

6. BLACK DEATH. a) What was the cause of the Black Death? Look back at the picture in question 5.b) to help you

b) Why did it spread so rapidly in Europe? Look at the map

c) BLACK DEATH Label the EFFECTS of the Black Death as immediate (I) and after a while (A) a) The Black Death killed over 1/3 of the people in England _______b) Peasants had more freedom of movement because they could go and work for someone else ___c) Lords tried to poach peasants from other manors by offering them higher wages ___d) Villages were deserted. Some, like Wharram Percy, never recovered ______e) Some people believed that as disease could strike them any day, they should live a wild life _____f) There were not enough Villeins to farm the land so crops were left to rot in the fields ______

Unit 5: Romanesque and Gothic1. ROMANESQUE STYLE Complete the following statements

a) The shape of the ground plan in a Romanesque church is a ..b) Romanesque style was used to build ________________ and _____________ on pilgrim routes, mainly towards Rome and _________________________________________c) Buildings were made of ___________________________that made them look ______________d) Most sculptures were _________________, images sculpted in different parts of churches like .. ..e) Romanesque painting was mainly based on _________ paintings on

2. ROMANESQUE AND GOTHIC ARCHITECTUREa) In the boxes write the name of the feature and whether they are Romanesque or Gothic style

Name

Style -

Name

Style -

Look at the feature with the black line with circle at the end

Name

Style -

Look at the feature with the black line with circle at the end

Name

Style -

b) Look at the words in the box. Put them into the correct column in the table describing Romanesque and Gothic architecture dark, light, high, low, thick walls, thin walls, pinnacle, steeple, small windows, stained glass, rib vault, barrel vault, solid, rose window

RomanesqueGothic

c) Put the following words in the correct boxesNave, side aisle (2), apse, pillar, column, ambulatory, transept (2), crossing, radial chapels, bell towers, buttress.

radial chapel, buttress, towers(2)

d) Is the following picture an example of a Romanesque or Gothic church? Give reasons why in the box

Why?

3. ROMANESQUE AND GOTHIC ARTa) Label the following sculptures as Romanesque or Gothic

b) Look at the two paintings, A & B, below. One is Romanesque & one is Gothic. Write the correct name under the painting B

A

Write A or B or both letters after the following statements to describe the paintings:

People are in proportion & realistic _________There is emotion shown on the faces ________Christ is shown in a mandorla __________There is a background and perspective ______The purpose was to educate people about religion ______The painting is rigid with no movement _______Bright colours were used _________Important people were painted larger ________The clothes of the people are very flat & rigid _______

4. GOTHIC STYLE: Complete the paragraph using the words in the boxFrance town halls Chartres religious castles city - palaces bourgeoisie - 11th donations the best cathedral - Europe - Notre Dame, Paris

In the ___th century a new style appeared in _______________, known as Gothic style, which soon spread all over ___________________. In France, the cathedrals of ___________________ are good examples. The Gothic art had a _________________ purpose. On the other hand, many civic buildings were also built including.. . Gothic art was mainly urban. The cathedral was the centre of the ____________________. The town governments, as well as other people in the city took part in the construction works and made _________________ -especially the ____________________. There was also rivalry between cities, which competed to build ..5. GOTHIC ARCHITECTURE Underline the correct elements of gothic architecture and label them on the diagram: buttress pinnacle - dome - flying buttress- side aisle transept entrance -stained glass triforium round arch - lancet arch rib vault clerestory barrel vault rose window spire on tower

Unit 6: The Christian Kingdoms1. Label the following statements as Castilla (C ) or Aragn (A) _____ It extended south as far as the River Duero in 11thC._____ It was made up of the Catalan Counties and included the kingdoms of Valencia and Mallorca._____ The decline of Len allowed this territory to become independent in the 11th century._____ It had a bourgeoisie because the economy was urban based on industry ._____ The Mediterranean Sea became its area of influence._____ It traded with northern Europe in the 13th century._____ Its economy was based mainly on wool.2. Fill the gaps with the correct words________________ Muslims who remained in Iberian Peninsula after the reconquest________________ Privileges given by king to encourage migration________________ Parliament which approved laws and taxes________________ Assembly of sheep breeders to discuss problems________________ Route along which sheep moved in search for pasture3. Label the following elements with a C if they refer to Castilla or with an A if they refer to Aragn a. It expanded around the Mediterranean sea, setting Consulates and conquering territories ___b. Its monarchs were stronger than its parliament ____c. Its main economic activity was sheep farming and agriculture ___d. Agriculture was essential, but trading and manufacturing in the towns and cities were more important _____e. It had commercial connections with the North of Europe, where wool was exported ____f. Its main ports were Barcelona, Palma and Valencia ____g. The king had to accept the decisions of the Cortes (antes que rey hubo ley) ____h. The Concil of Mesta was stablished to stop conflict among farmers ____4. Read the passage and answer:In the 12th & 13th centuries sheep farming was the main source of income in Castilla. Sheep farmers moved their sheep on caadas around the country in order to be able to graze all the year. The farmers were vulnerable to attack by the Muslims but after the Battle of Las Navas de Tolosa these attacks stopped and sheep farming became even more important. At the beginning of the 14th century there were 1 million Merino sheep in Spain. By the end of the 15th century there were 5 million. Trade fairs where the wool was sold were held at Medina del Campo, Sevilla & Santander. Spain was the most important producer of wool in Europe. But so many sheep meant there were often conflicts between farmers about pasture so to stop these conflicts the Honourable Council of the Mesta was established. This granted privileges such as the right to graze sheep on peasants land.

a) Why did farmers move their sheep around the country?

b) Which direction did caadas cross the country? Why?

c) In which century did sheep farming become even more important? Give reasons and evidence from the text for your answer.

d) Why was the Mesta established?

e) What was the purpose of trade fairs?

5. What do you think these kings would tell each other about their kingdoms? Complete the dialogue (8) Write about power, the Cortes, institutions.

Castilian noble

Fernando III of Castilla

Fernando II of Aragn

6. What type of economic activities were important in Aragn? Why? Think about the reasons that made those activities possible

7. Colour Castilla in red and Aragn in blue on the map to show their extent after the Reconquest ended

8. Explain the difference between domestic policy and foreign policy

9. Give two examples of domestic and foreign policy from the reign of the Catholic monarchs

10. Answer True or False The Christian kingdoms & Al Andalus existed together on the Iberian peninsula for 500 years ____ The early Christian kingdoms were found in the mountains ______ The kingdom of Len included the kingdoms of Navarra & Aragn _____ The Cortes always met in the same place ______ Granada was the last Muslim territory on the Iberian peninsula ______ The Catholic Monarchs expanded their territories in North Africa in the 15th century ______ 1492 was the year Christopher Columbus left to discover America ______11. Look at the 4 maps below showing the Reconquest of the Iberian peninsula and answer the question below the maps

BA

CD

Which of these sentences goes with which of the four pictures above? Write the correct letter in the tableIn the 10th and 11th centuries the Christian Kingdoms took back land southwards to the Duero valley. Most of the time the land was taken back without battles. The land was empty so peasants moved onto the land and started farming.

After the Battle of Las Navas de Tolosa (1212) the Muslims lost most of The Iberian peninsula to the Christian Kingdoms. Portugal conquered the Algarve, Castilla took over Andalusia and Murcia, and the Crown of Aragn captured Valencia and the Balearic Islands.

During the 11th and 12th Century Portugal and Castilla extended beyond the River Tajo. Aragn conquered Zaragoza and Teruel. Catalua extended as far as Tortosa.

The Kingdom of Leon/Asturias was the most powerful Christian Kingdom and The Pyrenean Kingdoms belonged to the Carolingian Empire. The rest of The Iberian peninsula was part of Al-Andalus.

12. Write the numbers below into the correct column in the table 1. Peasants occupied land that was empty 2. Al Andalus divided into Taifas (small kingdoms) and were not very strong3. Muslim Kingdoms paid parias to Christian Kingdoms to avoid being attacked4. Newly captured land was given to Military orders who created large feudal estates5. Military conquest of territory such as Las Navas de Tolosa6. Fueros were given to towns in conquered territory to encourage people to live in them7. The Catholic Monarchs had united the people of the Iberian peninsula against the Muslims.Reasons for weakness in Al AndalusWays Christian kingdoms took power

Unit 7: The Age of Discovery

1. Look at the sources above & fill in the table belowWHY were the explorations necessary?

HOW were the voyages made possible? Name THREE reasons.

2. Define the following words below:Circumnavigate ______________________________________________________________Colony _____________________________________________________________________Expedition __________________________________________________________________Indigenous population ________________________________________________________Navigation __________________________________________________________________Civilization __________________________________________________________________3. Look at the map below:

a) Which countrys explorations does this map represent? _____________________b) Label the following elements according to the explorers we studied in class (Marco Polo, Bartlom Dias, Vasco da Gama, C. Coln and Magallaean & Elcano) Circumnavigated the world for the first time __________________ Explored the W coast of Africa and reached the Cape of Good Hope ________________ Travelled along the Route of Silk reaching India and China _________________ Departed from Palos and after crossing the Atlantic Ocean, he arrived to the Antilles although he was convinced he was in the coast of Asia __________________ After circumnavigating Africa, he reached the W coast of India _________________

4. Look at the map of Columbus expeditions & answer the questions

a) Which Caribbean islands did Columbus explore?

b) Put the following events in chronological order using numbersArrival in the island of Hispaniola _____ Arrival on the coast of South America _____Arrival in Guanahani _____c) What was the name & date of the Treaty that divided the world between Spain & Portugal?

5. How did the expedition of Magellan & Elcano help convince people that the world was round?

6. Pre-Columbian civilizationsa) Label the map below to show the location of the 3 civilizations

b) What elements did these people have so we call them CIVILIZATIONS? List them below

7Spanish became the ___________ important social group in the Spanish colonies, while . were the ______________ important groupEuropean countries became more powerful and many E___________ appeared. _____________ increased: European products were sold in America. European countries like Spain became richer with _________________ and _________________ from AmericaMany _______________ died because of new illnesses or hard working conditions in the American mines New products like __________, and _______________________ arrived in EuropeNew foods from America like . Results of the Voyages of Exploration

7. Complete the diagram about the EFFECTS of the voyages of Exploration

8. Answer the questions on the IMPACT of explorationsa) Which areas of the world were well known in 1457?

b) How had this changed by 1527?

c) Describe the elements that make the map made in 1570 the most accurate one.

d) Why was the Treaty of Tordesillas necessary? (book, p.115)

e) What territories were under the Castillian rule after the Treaty?

f) What territories did the Portuguese explored and conquered after the Treaty was signed?

Unit 8 Renaissance & Reformation1. VOCABULARYMatch the concepts with the correct definitions. AAnatomya painting done on wet plaster on a wall or ceiling

BAstronomya book written by hand

CFrescoit consists on separate letters which are put on a frame to make words

DManuscripta piece of wood, the size of a page is engraved with pictures and writing and then inked to print a page

EMovable typethe place where books were produced using the printing press

FSecularan approach in study, philosophy, or practice that focuses on human values and concern

GHumanismthe scientific study of the structure and functions of the body

HBlock-printinga place where books and collections of documents are stored

IPrinting shopnon-religious

JLibrary the science of the study of space including the planets and the stars

2. ORIGINS OF THE RENAISSANCEa. a) On the map below colour the area in Europe where the Renaissance started. (1)Key

b. Then, fill in the gaps (5)There were four areas which influenced ideas in the Renaissance:Classical - architecture and art from Ancient ... could still be seen in the areaOriental ideas from ... and ..came through the Silk RouteIslam ideas from the Islamic World entered Europe in 711 via ...Byzantium when the Turks conquered . in 1453, scholars escaped with classical textsc. Now, adding a key, show with arrows the FOUR influences on the map (2)d. Choose the correct option to complete the paragraph below: rebirth classical medicine 13th -Rome - Middle Ages - 1400 the world - 1300 Italy birth Greece Islam astrology philosophy 15 th- astronomy- smart guy 1500The Renaissance is a period in the history of Europe beginning around ___________ (_____ century), and following the ________________ ___________.The Renaissance started in ____________________ but soon spread across the whole of Europe.The word Renaissance comes from a French word meaning ___________. The reason that the period is called by this name is that, at that time, people started taking an interest in the learning of ancient times, in particular the learning of ____________ ___________ and _______________. The Renaissance was seen as a revival of that learning. During the Renaissance, there were many famous artists, many writers and many philosophers. There were people who studied areas like _____________, ___________ and _____________. Many of these scholars achieved outstanding knowledge in various of these areas thats why a person who is clever at a great number of things is sometimes called a Renaissance man. Leonardo da Vinci, who was a painter, a scientist, a musician and a philosopher, is the most famous one.

3. RENAISSANCE: NEW IDEASHUMANISM. Make a star diagram showing the main elements of Humanism

ASTRONOMY. Look at the two images on the right and answer:a) What did they believe the universe was like in medieval times?

b) Which instrument helped Galileo study space?

c) What did Galileo discover? Was the Catholic Church happy with what Galileo discovered?

ANATOMYa) What answer do you think these men are looking for?

b) What can provide it?

c) What changed in the study of the human body in the 16th century?

4. RENAISSANCE ART: Look at the two images below of The Last Supper. Label which is Renaissance & which is Medieval (1). Then give reasons for your choice below. Label its main characteristics and background

5. REFORMATIONa) Insert these words in the gaps below arguments Germany- corrupt monastery - philosophy indulgences - salvation Rome - theses dominion - Europe theology- Berlin - theories

Martin Luther was born into a world dominated by the Catholic Church, which held spiritual over all the nations of He became a monk and a .. teacher. Luther became doubtful about the traditions of the Catholic Church. His views became stronger when he travelled to ., where he found that the capital of Catholicism was very .Martin Luther was very angry when John Tetzel began preaching and selling .. in Wittenberg. He was so angry that he sat down and wrote out a long list of ..against the selling of Indulgences, and he nailed the finished list to the door of the Church at Wittenberg in October 1517. This list was later called The Ninety Five .b) How are the Catholic (C) & Protestant (P) religions different? Write C or P after the following statements to show this The altar is the focal point of the church. It should be ornate & look wonderful _______People need priests to help them find God __________The Bible should be in the peoples common language _________I must confess my sins to a priest __________Jesus Christ is the Head of the Church __________Churches should be plain & simple with a wooden table as an altar________ Priests should be allowed to marry ________Priests should wear special clothes to reflect their link with God ______

c) List two countries under each column (you can use the map in your book to find the answer)RELIGIONS IN EUROPE AFTER 1600

CatholicAnglicanLutheranCalvinist

6. PRINTING PRESS: a) Label the picture below to explain the process of how paper was printed. (4

(place)

b) What were the results of the invention of the printing press?

c) How did the value of books change?

d) Why was the printing press so important in the Reformation?

Unit 9: Population. 1. VOCABULARY Complete each statement with the correct word________________________the number of people living in a given area, usually one square kilometre________________________how people are spread out over an area ________________________an area that has few people living in it________________________an area that is crowded with people________________________the growth in population resulting from birth rates being greater than death rates________________________ a measure of the number of babies born each year per 1000 people in the population________________________the number of deaths per year per 1000 people in the population________________________the average number of deaths of children under 1 year of age per 1000 births________________________atype of bar graph used to show the population structure of an area by age and gender________________________ the movement of people from one area to another to live________________________ the movement of people into a country to live and work there________________________ the movement of people leaving their native country to live in another country

2. Complete the following paragraphs using the words in the box

Sao Paulo Japan cold uneven India distribution Oceania USA Rocky - Amazon Rainforest -Sparsely - East China desert Europe densely Canada - Rio de Janeiro soil land climate - Africa

The map shows the _____________ of the worlds population. The distribution is _______. Some regions of the world are more ________ populated than others. For example in Asia densely populated areas include _________, _______ ________ and the islands of ________. However, Central Asia is very ________ populated as very few people live there. The most densely populated continent is __________, the most sparsely populated continents are ____________ and _______________. In South America there is a large area of sparsely populated land in the north. Because of the ________ _____________ few people live in this region. However, the east coast of the continent is more densely populated especially the continents two largest cities; ___________ and _______________. In North America the eastern states of the ____ are some of the most densely populated areas of the world due to their temperate __________, flat and fertile ______ and excellent transport links and job opportunities. Further west the population becomes less dense due to the ________ Mountains and hot __________ land with poor _______. The north of the continent (____________), is extremely sparsely populated because it is so _______ in winter months when temperatures can drop below -30C.

3. Complete the chart with examples of population location factors. You have an example to help youHuman FactorsPhysical Factors

Positive Factors- Government investment (basic services, infrastructure, etc).

Negative Factors

4. Study the following map and write four statements to describe the population distribution in Spain (including reasons for each of your statements).

5. How does population change? Look at the graph and complete the paragraph.

- Until the 15th/ 18th century, population growth was very small. The birth/ death rate was high, because a lot of people died from hunger and epidemics/ unemployment.- At the end of the 18th century the growth rate started to decrease/ increase due to spiritual/ technical progress that led to an improvement in food/machinery production. Advances in medicine also contributed to this change.- The basic/ largest increase in population occurred in the 19th/20th century known as demographic collapse/ explosion. World population rose from _______________ in 1900 to _______________ in 2000.- A major world problem is how to provide for this rapidly increasing population.

6. How does population change? Label the diagrams: population decrease, population stable, population increase in the arrow above the pictureEducation of women

Factors that affect birth rateFactors that affect death rateChildren needed to look after old peoplePoor diet

contraceptionGood hygieneGood food supply

7. Developed or Developing? In each case indicate next to each statement if it refers to a Developed (1) or a Developing Country (2).1. family planning controls the size of our family ___________2. we need many children to help us work on the land ____________3. we can afford to spend more money on our car, holidays and entertainment ___________4. both my parents died when they were quite young due to AIDS ____________5. we have pensions for when we are old ___________6. having a family increases my importance in the village ___________7. we have many children because many of them die from disease ___________8. I wanted to return to my career and not stay at home ____________9. one child might get a job in the city and send us money ____________10. we cannot afford medical care and there are not any hospitals near our house ___________11. we both went to university ______________

8. Describe and explain the population pyramid filling the blanks.Describe and explain the population pyramid.The population pyramid shows that there is a high __________ rate, with ________ million males aged 0-4 and ________ million females aged 0-4. The pyramid gets narrower quickly, suggesting that there is a high __________ rate. A very small proportion of the population is over the age of ________. This pyramid would be typical of a ____________ country like ___________

a. What does a population pyramid show?

b. Which sex is usually shown on the left side of the pyramid?

c. What data is on the X and Y axes?

9. Study the graphs and answer the questions

What do the pyramids tell us? Which of the following is correct? Tick it There are more young people than adults or older people in Europe. As a result, the population will grow rapidly _______ All the three population groups in Europe are similar in size. As a result, the population will change slowly. _______ Africa has a declining birth rate ________ Africa has a high death rate ______ There are more old women than men in Spain _____ The birth rate in Spain is increasing _______10. Write True or False next to the following sentences, and correct the incorrect statementsInfant mortality rates are lower in Developing Countries _______Life expectancy is getting higher in Spain ________About 70 billion people inhabit the world ________The most rapid population growth occurred in the 20th century ______Valleys & plains have dense population _______Africa has some of the highest birth rates in the world _______Developing Countries have ageing populations _________Spain has one of the highest birth rates in the world ________

11. Read the following passage & answer the questions below:The United Nations (UN) says the world's seven BILLIONTH baby was born in India on 31 October 2011The global population is growing by 200,000 people a day, and experts predict that by the end of this century it could reach 10 billion.A lot of the increase is happening in parts of Africa, where, if nothing changes, the population of Zambia is predicted to triple by the end of 2099.The UN now want world leaders to meet to work out how to tackle problems caused by a growing population, including the increased pressure on essential supplies of food, water and fuel.By the end of the century, the number of people in China, Brazil and Europe is expected to decrease and India is predicted to overtake China as the most populated country on Earth.But in many countries of Europe, including Spain & Italy, the population is declining. As people want a better standard of living for their family they are having much smaller families. In Spain there are only 1.4 children per family

a) When did the world population reach 7 billion?

b) What do the UN predict the worlds population will be by the end of the century?

c) In which continent are the highest birth rates? Why is the population increasing in this continent?

d) Why is the population of many countries in Europe, like Spain, decreasing in size?

e) What problems can an ageing population cause?

12. MIGRATION IN SPAINLook at the graph below showing migration in Spain.

20102000

a) Put the correct number in the box on the graph:1. Many people left Spain to look for work in other countries2. Retired people from Northern Europe migrated to Spain3. Net emigration (when emigration is higher than immigration)4. Net immigration (when emigration is lower than immigration)

b) Continue the lines on the graph to show what has happened to emigration and immigration in Spain since 1997

Unit 10 Society1. What type of society is ours?

2. What elements do people who belong to the same culture share?

3. What problems do multicultural societies face today?

4. Complete the paragraph about World Cultures Around the world, there are many different cultures. The culture of a group of people includes several elements that they share.People who live in the same area often share the same culture. For example: Most people who live in . and . are Muslim. They live in areas with a similar landscape and lifestyle. A lot of people in this region speak ________. People from . share a common history (as Spanish and Portuguese colonies), lifestyle, religion. People in Western countries have a common culture that originally comes from the Ancient . the countries have _______, ________ societies, democratic governments, secular values (like .).

modern divorced husbands politics worked younger indecent more less illiterate older lived infertile educated

5. Complete the paragraph about Spanish society:In the 1970s people got married ________ and had _______ children than today. Not many women _________ outside the home and very few took part in _________. One tenth of women were ____________ which means they could not read or write. Women could not do certain things without the consent of their __________ . Nowadays Spanish society is more _________ than in the 1970s. Women go out to work and are better _____________. People can get ____________, live together without marrying, use contraceptives and wear bikinis without being considered ____________.6. Identify the following statements as an open (O) or dynamic society and a closed (C) or static society by writing O or C after the sentence? It is easy to change your social class ______ A persons position depends on who his/her parents were______ Personal merit & achievements contribute to your place in society _____ Everyone is equal in the law _____ You are born in an estate and stay in it until you die____ There is no social mobility _____