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7/31/2019 29674 Muscle Physiology
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Muscle Physiology
Human Anatomy and Physiology IIOklahoma City Community College
Dennis Anderson
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Muscle Tissue
Skeletal Muscle
Cardiac Muscle
Smooth Muscle
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Skeletal Muscle
Long cylindrical cells
Many nuclei per cell
Striated
Voluntary
Rapid contractions
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Cardiac Muscle
Branching cells
One or two nuclei per cell
Striated
Involuntary
Medium speed contractions
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Smooth Muscle
Fusiform cells
One nucleus per cell
Nonstriated
Involuntary
Slow, wave-like contractions
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Microanatomy of Skeletal
Muscle
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Z line Z line
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H Band
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Sarcomere Relaxed
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Sarcomere Partially
Contracted
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Sarcomere Completely
Contracted
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Binding Site Tropomyosin
Troponin
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Myosin
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Neuromuscular Junction
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Acetylcholine Opens Na+
Channel
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Muscle Contraction Summary
Nerve impulse reaches myoneural junction
Acetylcholine is released from motor
neuron
Ach binds with receptors in the muscle
membrane to allow sodium to enter
Sodium influx will generate an action
potential in the sarcolemma
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Muscle Contraction Continued
Action potential travels down T tubule
Sarcoplamic reticulum releases calcium
Calcium binds with troponin to move the
troponin, tropomyosin complex
Binding sites in the actin filament are
exposed
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Muscle Contraction Continued
Myosin head attach to binding sites and
create a power stroke
ATP detaches myosin heads and energizesthem for another contaction
When action potentials cease the muscle
stop contracting
M t U it
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Motor UnitAll the muscle cells controlled by one
nerve cell
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Motor Unit Ratios
Back muscles
1:100
Finger muscles
1:10
Eye muscles
1:1
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ATP
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Creatine
Molecule capable of storing ATP energy
Creatine + ATP Creatine phosphate + ADP
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Creatine Phosphate
Molecule with stored ATP energy
Creatine + ATPCreatine phosphate+ ADP
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Muscle Fatique
Lack of oxygen causes ATP deficit
Lactic acid builds up from anaerobic
respiration
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Muscle Atrophy
Weakening and shrinking of a muscle
May be caused
Immobilization
Loss of neural stimulation
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Muscle Hypertrophy
Enlargement of a
muscle
More capillaries More mitochondria
Caused by
Strenuous exercise
Steroid hormones
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Steroid Hormones
Stimulate muscle growth and hypertrophy
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Muscle Tonus
Tightness of a muscle
Some fibers always contracted
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Tetany
Sustained contraction of a muscle
Result of a rapid succession of nerve
impulses
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Tetanus
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Refractory Period
Brief period of time in which muscle cells
will not respond to a stimulus
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Refractory
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Skeletal Muscle Cardiac Muscle
Refractory Periods
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Isometric Contraction
Produces no movement
Used in
Standing
Sitting
Posture
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Isotonic Contraction
Produces movement
Used in
Walking
Moving any part of the body
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THE END