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8/12/2019 28_Bergmann_HV testing of MV and HV Cables and GIS.pdf
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ON-SITE TESTING OF
HV CABLES AND GIS
CEPED 2013, Bali, Indonesia
Dr. Ralf BergmannHIGHVOLT Prftechnik Dresden GmbH
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On-Site Testing of HV Cables and GIS
Content:
On-Site HV Cable testing Why spend money on HV tests?
Physical background: Cable characteristics and testmethods
Generation of continuous AC test voltages
Experience with continuous AC voltage testing
Test system examples
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On-Site Testing of HV Cables and GIS
Content:
On-Site GIS testing Test requirements
Test procedures
Test systems
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ON-SITE HV CABLE TESTING -
WHY SPEND MONEY ONON-SITE HV TESTS
On-Site Testing of HV Cables
On-Site Testing of HV Cables and GIS 431/10/2013
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On-Site Testing of HV Cables and GIS
Jakarta at nightWithenergy transmission by cables
531/10/2013
Jakarta at nightWithoutenergy transmission by cables
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31/10/2013 6On-Site Testing of HV Cables and GIS
Large cable installation in Indonesia in thefuture
PLN to lay $2b submarine cable from Sumatra to Java
Rangga D. Fadillah, The Jakarta Post, Jakarta | Business |Fri, February 17 2012, 9:19 AM
.The cable will span 700 kilometers connecting Bangko in South Sumatra andBogor in West Java. The cable will be used to transmit power supply from SouthSumatra, where a number of coal-fired power plants are currently underconstruction, to meet surging electricity demand in Java.
The cable will be able to transmit power with a total capacity of up to 3,000megawatts [MW] from Sumatra to Java, Nasri explained..
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7/6331/10/2013 7On-Site Testing of HV Cables and GIS
Bali crossing with overhead cable or subseacable
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Beautiful landscape should not bedestroyed by overhead lines
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Save energy transmission and distribution bycables is essential
Cable connections are and will be even more in the future abackbone of transmission and distribution systems especially due tothe special conditions of Indonesia
Interconnections of islands
Energy distribution in growing cities
Protected areas (national parks, recreation areas, tourism)
Because of power demand increase, the cables are stressed often toits maximum load capacity (and sometimes higher)
An unexpected break down of the cable may result in fatalconsequences for the customer (outage for hours) and the utility(penalty)
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Is on-site testing of HV cabls after installationnecessary?
Consequently, an evaluation of the cable condition based on on-site testing istechnically and economically necessary
HV cable seems to have a proven and quite simple design in respect to othercomponents like transformers
HV cable will be manufactured in a highly automated way, failures caused byhumans are minimized
HV cables have to pass an intensive test program in the factory
Significant works will be done at site, like jointing
Small mistakes can result in mayor failures
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Withstand testscovered by IEC standards
On-Site Testing of HV Cables and GIS
Different testing during lifetime of a cable
Manufacturing
Damage
Mistake
Withstand
Testing
Testing
Diagnosis
Transportation Installation
Withstand
Testing
Powerfrequency50/60 Hz
OperationPower frequency
50/60 Hz
Cable li fe
Repair
Ageing
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Withstand
Testing
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Requirements for dedicated on-site testmethods
After installation or repair
Load during on-site test should correspond to operational stress
Negligible ageing caused by on-site test
Easy adoption to different test requirements as voltage, cablecapacitance cable losses etc.
Designed for easy and frequent transportation, assembly andoperation
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Diagnostic testing
Failures should be discovered easily
Negligible ageing of the remaining cable by the on site test
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PHYSICAL BACKGROUND:
CABLE CHARACTERISTICSAND TEST METHODS
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On-Site Testing of HV Cables and GIS
Possible Defects in Cables
Crack
Delaminating
Protrusion atsemicon surfaces
Void
Vented-tree (length 2.38 mm) atsemicon surface combined withelectrical treeSource: ABB Energiekabel GmbH
Water tree combinedwith electrical tree
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On-Site Testing of HV Cables and GIS
General Characteristics of HV Cable
Operation: electrical field control bycapacitance (C) at 50 Hz
HV
Equivalent circuitat AC stress
XLPE Cable:
tan =
ic>> ir
C R
Ground
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On-Site Testing of HV Cables and GIS
Requirements for dedicated on-site testmethods
After installation or repair
Load during on-site test should correspond to operational stress
Negligible ageing caused by on-site test
Easy adoption to different test requirements as voltage, cable
capacitance cable losses etc.
Designed for easy and frequent transportation, assembly andoperation
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Diagnostic testing
Failures/Faults should be discovered easily
Negligible ageing of the remaining cable by the on site test
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VLF
On-Site Testing of HV Cables and GIS
Field Reduction at Different Test Frequencies
Con-tinuous
AC0
20
40
60
80
100
0.01 0.1 1 10 100
%of
fieldstrength
in
defe
ctcompared
to
hea
lthyinsulatio
n
Test frequency in Hz
Defect 1
Defect 2
Defect 3
IEEE 400: Conductivity in defects can assume much different valuesthan in the bulk insulation material
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On-Site Testing of HV Cables and GIS
Requirements for dedicated on-site testmethods
After installation or repair
Load during on-site test should correspond to operational stress
Negligible ageing caused by on-site test
Easy adoption to different test requirements as voltage, cable
capacitance cable losses etc.
Designed for easy and frequent transportation, assembly andoperation
2031/10/2013
Diagnostic testing
Failures/Faults should be discovered easily
Negligible ageing of the remaining cable by the on site test
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On-Site Testing of HV Cables and GIS
Test of AC XLPE Cables with DC is not torecommended
Operation: electrical field control by C
Testing: DC changes electrical field distribution
DC creates space charges on failures(field emission, PD)
HV
Equivalent circuit
XLPE Cable:
tan =
ic>> ir
C R
Ground
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VLF: Not suitable for HV / EHV Cables
Technical Consequences
Maximum field for healthy insulation: 30 kV/mm (IEC 62067)
3 or 4 U0simply not possible for HV and EHV cables(would damage healthy insulation)
VLF at 2 U0not able to find important defects
VLF not suitable for HV and EHV cable systems
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What about DAC?
Description of test method: Charging the cable with DC voltage,
Discharging the cable through an inductance
Causes damped oscillation,
Usually repeated 50 times.
On-Site Testing of HV Cables and GIS
-100
-75
-50
-25
0
25
50
75
100
-15 -14 -13 -12 -11 -10 -9 -8 -7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1
Voltage/%oftest
volta
ge
time / s
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Test procedure involves charging the cable with DC:
Duration up to approx. 1 minute per shot
Up to one hour of DC ramp voltage stress for total testduration
Cable risk due to space charges exists
Quick reversal of test voltage immediately after DC stress
DAC Danger for the test object?
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Undefinedness of DAC test parameters
Damping:Influenced by Capacitance of
test object Resistances of
test system
Tan delta of cableFrequency:Depends on Capacitance of
test object
Inductance in testsystem
Duration of ACstress undefined,0.4 260 ms/shot
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Undefinedness of DAC test parameters
Duration of AC stress:Undefined0.4 260 ms/shot
Varies by factor 600
30 minutes of continuous AC are equivalent to6,920 4.5 Mill ionshots of DAC
Total testing time: Days 8 YearsDC stress during most of the time(Charging takes 99.x % of total test time)
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DAC Testing Time Insufficient
PD activity requiresstarting electrongenerated by radiation
Smaller defects have
less volume Lower starting electron
generation probabilityin a given time
Longer PD inceptiontime
Longer testing timenecessary to find
defects
Mark Fenger: Experiences with Commissioning Testing of HV &EHV Cable Systems: The Influence of Voltage Level and Durationfor Identifying Life Limiting Defects, Kinectrics Inc., Canada
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On-Site Testing of HV Cables and GIS
What voltage wave shape can be used to testXLPE cable reliably and safely?
AC voltage in range of 20 to 300 Hz is the onlyrecommended wave shape to test XLPE cablereliably and safely
VLF 0.01 to 1 Hz is not an reliable test methodbecause the test frequency is to far away from theoperation frequency of 50 Hz (different behavior ofinsulation)
DC test can even damage an XPLE cable
Damped AC testing is more an DC test as an ACtest, only very few AC cycles
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GENERATION OF
CONTINUOUSAC TEST VOLTAGES
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On-Site Testing of HV Cables and GIS
Technical Solutions for HV AC Generators
TR LC THCH
CL
MD CC
AC
ACTCCompensatedtransformer
ACRLResonant test system with tunedinductance as series resonant circuit
TR
LH
TE
CH
CL
MD CC
AC
TR TE
LH CH
CL
MD CC
AC
ACRLResonant test system with tunedinductance as parallel resonant circuit
FC TELH
CH
CL
MD CC
AC
ACRFResonant test systemwith tuned frequency
ACf
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On-Site Testing of HV Cables and GIS
Comparisons of different AC Test Systems
Mode of on-site test systemACTC
compensated transformerACRL
variable inductanceACRF
variable frequency
Frequency 50 / 60 Hz 50 / 60 Hz 20 to 300 Hz
Quality factor of resonance (5) 40 to 60 80 to 200
Power supply Single / two phase Single / two phase Three phases
Specific weight 15 to 20 kg/kVA 3 to 10 kg/kVA 0.5 to 2 kg/kVA
Maximum test powerper mobile system
0.5 MVA 4 MVA 35 MVA
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On-Site Testing of HV Cables and GIS
Principle of Pulse Width Control ofACRF Circuit
Control and Feeding UnitExciterTransformer
VoltageDivider Test Object
Protection ImpedanceResonant Reactor
400 V3~
UE
UP
Frequency
Pulse widthUE UP
Frequency
Test voltagemagnitude
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On-Site Testing of HV Cables and GIS
On-site Testing of Cables: Increasing Powerby Reactor Combinations
highervoltage
longer cables
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On-Site Testing of HV Cables and GIS
On-site Testing of Cables: Arrangement ofan ACRF System, Type WRV T on a Trailer
Control and feeding unit
Excitingtransformer
HV reactor
HV filter andprotection unit
Canvas
Truck with trailer
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EXPERIENCE WITH
CONTINUOUSAC VOLTAGE TESTING
Particular Tests
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On-Site Testing of HV Cables and GIS
Survey among Users of Continuous AC TestEquipment Total Tests in each Cable Class
13
181
20781199
541
188
1
10
100
1000
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TEST SYSTEM EXAMPLES
Particular Tests
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On-Site Testing of HV Cables and GIS
On-site Testing of Cables: Truck with TestSystem 260 kV / 83 A
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On-Site Testing of HV Cables and GIS
On-site Test of a 400 kV Cable System, 20 kmin London
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On-Site Testing of HV Cables and GIS
Test of a 400 kV Cable System at theMadrid Airport
Courtesy of Pirelli Cables, Italy and UK
Installation of test system on-site
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On-Site Testing of HV Cables and GIS
ACRF Configuration for Testing a 15 km long400 kV Cable System at Madrid Airport
Frequencyconverters
andcontrols
Excitertransformers
HV reactors16H II (9+9) H = 8.5 H
Voltagedivider
Blockingimpedances
Cable undertest:
15 km, 3.3 F
Test voltage: 260 kV (approx. 1.2 U0)Test frequency: 30 HzTest power: 42 MVA (50 Hz equivalent: 70 MVA)Feeding powerDemand: < 400 kVA, 400 V (3 phases)
1Master
Up to 8Slaves
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On-Site Testing of HV Cables and GIS
Photos: Courtesy of CEPCO, K.S.A.
On-site Test ofa400kVCableSysteminJeddah,K.S.A.
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On-Site Testing of HV Cables and GIS
Max. testable cable length: 100 km
Photos: Courtesy of ABB Power Tech Products, Sweden
AC Routine Test Facilities at a Supplier ofSubmarine Cables
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On-Site Testing of HV Cables and GIS
ACRF System for MV Cable Testinginstalled in a Van
Control and feeding unit
Test voltage lead
Exciting transformer
HV resonant reactor
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On-Site Testing of HV Cables and GIS
Voltage range: 3050100 kVCurrent range: 102550 AFrequency: 20300 Hz
On-site Test Systems for Medium VoltageEquipment
Application: MediumvoltagecablesRotating machinesCapacitor banks
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ON-SITE GIS TESTING
TEST REQUIREMENTS
On-Site Testing of HV Cables
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Same Testing Method used:
Test with AC voltages(necessary for same behaviour of particles in GIS)
Test voltages up to 800 kV
Test current in to order of less than up to a few A
Duty cycle of a few minutes only
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ON-SITE GIS TESTING
TEST PROCEDURES
On-Site Testing of HV Cables
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Common Duty Cycle of GIS Testing
testvoltagein
kV
time in min
PD Measurement(few minutes)
Test Voltage(few minutes)
Conditioning(some minutes)
Maximum some ten minutes
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Standardisation: IEC 62271-203/2nd CD
Test Setup Requirements
Need of mobile HV AC test system
Preferably metal-enclosed design
Conventional or UHF PD measurement
Need of mobile HV impulse test systemLI up to 1700 kV andSI up to 1200 kV
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ON-SITE GIS TESTING
TEST SYSTEMS
On-Site Testing of HV Cables
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On-Site Testing of HV Cables and GIS
AC resonant test system with variable frequency; 1.5 A/ 325 kVCourtesy of Shenyang Kaidi High Voltage Electric, PR China
Mobile HV AC Resonant Test System
Metal-enclosed test systems with variablefrequency based on SF6-insulated
reactors up to 800 kV and 4.5 A
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Mobile HV AC Resonant Test System
Advantages
Light-weight small HV AC testing device
Needs no safety clearance during operation
Allows sensitive conventional PD measurement
Very reliable test system also under harshconditions on site
Easy to operate
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Connection by HV Lead WRV / G
Photo: courtesy of ABB Calor Emag Schaltanlagen AG, Mannheim / Germany
460 kV, 1.5 Ametal-enclosedHV reactor
HV divider /couplingcapacitor
HV lead
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Connection by HV Lead WRV / T
260 kV, 83 Atank type resonantreactor
HV lead
HV lead
Photos: courtesy of China Light and Power Co.,Hong Kong
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On-Site Testing of HV Cables and GIS
AC resonant test system with variablefrequency; 3 A/ 640 kVCourtesy of AREVA Aix-Les-Bains, France
Mobile HV AC Resonant Test System
Metal-enclosed test systems with variable frequency based onSF6-insulated reactors up to 800 kV and 4.5 A
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O it T t S t ith SF I l t d
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On-Site Testing of HV Cables and GIS
Voltage range:100680 kV
Current:
0.51.5 (3) A
Frequency:
40300 Hz
On-site Test Systems with SF6-InsulatedReactors
Application mainly for GIS also multipleapplication with SF6.
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SUMMARY
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YOUR COMMENTS AND
QUESTIONS
Thank you for your attention!