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- 1 -
T
AIW
AN
TO
WE
R
B
y
H
IMA
NS
HU
AG
GA
RW
AL
M
ay,
20
11
A T
he
sis
su
bm
itte
d t
o
Th
e S
ch
oo
l o
f P
lan
nin
g a
nd
Arc
hit
ec
ture
, N
ew
De
lhi
(De
em
ed
to
be
a u
niv
ers
ity)
In
fu
lfil
lme
nt
of
the
re
qu
ire
me
nts
fo
r
Th
e D
eg
ree
of
Ba
ch
elo
rs i
n A
rch
ite
ctu
re
G
uid
es
P
rof.
Sh
iris
h M
alp
an
i a
nd
Dr.
Aru
na
Ra
ma
ni
Gro
ve
r
- 2 -
DE
CL
AR
AT
ION
T
he
re
sea
rch
wo
rk e
mb
od
ied
in
th
e th
esis
title
d T
aiw
an
to
we
r h
as b
ee
n c
arr
ied
ou
t b
y t
he
un
de
rsig
ne
d a
s p
art
of
the
u
nde
rgra
du
ate
pro
gra
m in
th
e D
pa
rtm
ent
of A
rch
ite
ctu
re,
Sch
oo
l of
Pla
nn
ing a
nd A
rch
ite
ctu
re,
Ne
w D
elh
i –
11
000
2,
Ind
ia u
nd
er
the
su
pe
rvis
ion
of
Pro
fesso
r S
hiris
h M
alp
an
i a
nd
Dr.
Aru
na R
am
an
i G
rove
r.
The
un
de
rsig
ne
d h
ere
by d
ecla
res t
ha
t th
is is h
is o
rigin
al w
ork
an
d h
as n
ot
be
en p
lagia
rize
d in
pa
rt o
r fu
ll fr
om
any s
ou
rce
. F
urt
he
rmo
re th
is w
ork
ha
s n
ot b
een
sub
mitte
d f
or
an
y d
egre
e in
th
is o
r a
ny o
the
r un
ive
rsity.
----
----
----
----
----
----
----
----
A/1
56
7/2
002
- 3 -
CE
RT
IFIC
AT
E
C
ert
ifie
d t
ha
t th
e t
he
sis
ca
lled
Ta
iwa
n T
ow
er
su
bm
itte
d i
n p
art
ial
fulfill
men
t of
the
re
qu
ire
men
ts o
f th
e D
egre
e o
f B
ach
elo
r of
Arc
hite
ctu
re is
th
e b
on
afide
w
ork
o
f H
IMA
NS
HU
A
GG
AR
WA
L,
wh
o ca
rrie
d o
ut
resea
rch
w
ork
u
nd
er
ou
r su
pe
rvis
ion
in
th
e
De
pa
rtm
en
t of
Arc
hite
ctu
re,
Sch
oo
l of
Pla
nn
ing a
nd
Arc
hite
ctu
re,
New
De
lhi-1
10
00
2.
Fu
rth
er
ce
rtifie
d t
ha
t to
th
e b
est
of
ou
r kn
ow
led
ge
th
e w
ork
re
po
rte
d h
ere
in d
oe
s n
ot
form
pa
rt o
f a
ny o
the
r th
esis
or
dis
se
rta
tio
n o
n
the
ba
sis
of
wh
ich
a d
egre
e o
r a
wa
rd w
as c
on
ferr
ed
on
an
ea
rlie
r o
cca
sio
n o
n th
is o
r an
y o
the
r can
did
ate
. W
e r
eco
mm
en
d th
at
the
the
sis
be p
laced
befo
re t
he
exa
min
ers
fo
r th
eir c
on
sid
era
tion
fo
r th
e a
wa
rd o
f b
ach
elo
r’s d
egre
e.
----
----
----
----
----
----
----
--
----
----
----
----
----
----
----
--
S
h.
Sh
iris
h M
alp
an
i
Dr.
Aru
na R
am
an
i G
rove
r D
ep
art
me
nt of
Arc
hite
ctu
re
De
pa
rtm
en
t of
Arc
hite
ctu
re
Sch
oo
l of
Pla
nn
ing a
nd
Arc
hite
ctu
re
Sch
oo
l of
Pla
nn
ing a
nd
Arc
hite
ctu
re
Ne
w D
elh
i –
11
00
02
Ne
w D
elh
i -
11
00
02
--
----
----
----
----
----
----
----
----
----
----
Dr.
Aru
na
Ram
an
i G
rove
r D
ep
art
me
nt of
Arc
hite
ctu
re
Sch
oo
l of
Pla
nn
ing a
nd
Arc
hite
ctu
re
Ne
w D
elh
i -
11
00
02
- 4 -
C
HA
PT
ER
1
Th
es
is –
A S
ea
rch
- 5 -
Th
e I
co
no
gra
ph
y o
f th
e S
kys
cra
pe
r H
ow
to
ma
ke
an
ic
on
ic b
uil
din
g?
T
he
skyscra
pe
r h
as g
on
e t
hro
ugh
ma
ny t
ren
ds a
nd
alte
ration
s t
hro
ugh
ou
t th
e la
st
cen
tury
. In
the
infa
ncy o
f skyscra
pe
r d
esig
n,
the
bu
ildin
gs w
ere
de
sig
ne
d f
or
the
pu
rpo
se
of
be
ing a
n ico
n.
La
nd
reso
urc
es w
ere
mo
re w
ide
ly a
va
ilab
le t
ha
n s
ee
n t
oda
y;
it w
as n
ot
co
mp
lete
ly n
ece
ssa
ry t
o b
uild
ta
ller
str
uctu
res t
han
oth
er
co
mp
etito
rs,
bu
t co
mp
an
ies w
ere
lo
okin
g t
o b
e s
ee
n a
s t
he f
ine
st
in t
he
bu
sin
ess r
ea
lm.
Th
ere
wa
s a
lso
no
t a
n o
ve
rbe
arin
g n
ee
d f
or
com
me
rcia
l sp
ace.
Aft
er
the
con
str
uction
of
skyscra
pe
rs i
n t
he
ea
rly
20
th c
en
tury
, th
e n
ew
bu
ildin
gs w
ere
ha
rdly
occu
pie
d f
or
ye
ars
to
fo
llow
du
e t
o t
he
econ
om
ic d
ep
ressio
n.
The
tre
nd
sh
ifte
d i
nto
d
esig
nin
g s
kyscra
pe
rs t
ha
t w
ere
mo
re p
ractica
lly o
rie
nte
d.
Th
ese
de
sig
ns w
ere
ba
sic
ally
th
e r
esu
lt o
f e
xtr
ud
ing a
sim
ple
flo
or
pla
n
for
the
en
tire
he
igh
t of
the
str
uctu
re.
The
se s
kyscra
pe
rs w
ere
de
sig
ne
d w
ith
he
avy e
co
nom
ic c
on
sid
era
tio
ns,
se
ekin
g t
he
le
ast
upfr
ont
inve
stm
en
t in
ord
er
to p
rodu
ce
th
e p
rofit
qu
icke
r. T
his
mo
de
l ha
s p
erm
ea
ted
in
to t
he
skylin
e,
po
llutin
g i
t w
ith
a l
ack o
f ic
on
ogra
ph
ic d
esig
n.
The
de
sire
fo
r e
con
om
ic s
avin
gs h
as c
au
se
d t
he
skylin
es t
o b
e f
ille
d w
ith
a l
ack o
f e
xcite
men
t in
its
fo
rma
l d
esig
ns.
No
ma
tte
r th
e c
on
str
uctio
n m
eth
ods o
r m
ate
ria
ls,
mo
st
skyscra
pe
r d
esig
ns a
re n
oth
ing m
ore
th
an
a s
erie
s o
f sta
cke
d
ho
mo
ge
nou
s f
loo
r p
lan
s,
pla
ced
ve
rtic
ally
on
e o
n t
op
of
the
oth
er,
wh
ile s
imu
lta
ne
ou
sly
att
em
ptin
g t
o o
ptim
ize
ne
t-to
-gro
ss a
rea
sp
atia
l eff
icie
ncy.
Th
e c
on
se
qu
en
ce o
f su
ch d
esig
n i
s a
sha
mefu
l a
nd a
liena
tin
g f
orm
of
skyscra
pe
r e
xis
ten
ce
fo
r th
eir o
ccup
ants
th
at o
nly
sa
tisfie
s th
e d
eve
lop
er’s f
inan
cia
l re
turn
s o
n h
is in
itia
l in
ve
stm
en
t.
The
cu
rren
t tr
en
d o
f h
igh
ris
e d
esig
n h
as s
hifte
d f
rom
th
is e
co
nom
ica
l sta
nd
po
int. G
raham
Fe
rrie
r, P
roje
ct
Arc
hite
ct
of
the P
ha
re
To
we
r fo
r M
orp
ho
sis
, sta
ted
in
an
inte
rvie
w t
ha
t:
Fro
m o
ne
pe
rsp
ective
, th
e e
sse
nce
of
a s
kyscra
pe
r is
re
al e
sta
te c
ap
ita
l. T
he
co
ncep
t of
‘ico
n’ h
as a
lso
pla
ye
d in
to t
his
and
ma
ny
of
the
pro
jects
to
da
y s
triv
e t
ow
ard
s r
eco
gn
itio
n a
s a
wa
y t
o d
istin
gu
ish
the
mse
lve
s w
ith
in t
he
ma
rke
t a
nd
th
rou
gh t
his
ad
d v
alu
e.
The
lim
itatio
ns o
f fo
rm a
nd
str
uctu
re a
re b
ein
g p
ush
ed
in
th
e n
am
es o
f e
co
no
mic
s a
s w
ell,
bu
t in
a d
iffe
rent
ma
nn
er.
The
ne
w
skyscra
pe
r d
esig
n m
ove
me
nt
refo
cu
se
s o
n c
rea
tin
g t
he
ico
no
gra
ph
ic im
age
fo
r th
e c
ity in
wh
ich
it
resid
es:
if t
he
fo
rm o
f th
e b
uild
ing
is in
trig
uin
g a
nd
no
ticea
ble
, it w
ill s
erv
e a
s a
n ico
n o
f th
e c
ity,
an
d im
me
dia
tely
be
co
me
ren
ow
ne
d.
Co
rpo
ratio
ns w
ou
ld t
he
n d
esire
to b
e l
oca
ted
with
in t
he
city’s
ico
n,
an
d a
re w
illin
g t
o p
ay t
he
extr
a r
en
t in
ord
er
to h
ave
th
eir c
om
pa
ny i
ma
ge
asso
cia
ted
with
th
e
arc
hite
ctu
ral ic
on
. E
ric H
ow
ler
in h
is b
oo
k S
kyscra
pe
r: V
ert
ica
l N
ow
no
ted
: T
he
skyscra
pe
r m
ore
th
an
an
y o
the
r bu
ildin
g t
yp
e,
ha
s t
he
cap
acity t
o c
aptu
re t
he
pu
blic
im
agin
ation
. It
s s
hee
r sca
le,
vis
ua
l p
rom
ine
nce,
and
sym
bo
lic p
ote
ntia
l h
ave
re
nd
ere
d i
t a
spe
cu
lative
en
terp
rise
, e
co
nom
ica
lly,
tech
no
logic
ally
, a
nd
arc
hite
ctu
rally
. T
he
upfr
on
t in
ve
stm
ent
for
this
ico
no
gra
ph
ic d
esig
n is c
ert
ain
ly m
ore
th
an
a t
yp
ica
l b
ox a
pp
roa
ch
, b
ut
the
re
turn
is s
ee
n in
gre
ate
r
- 6 -
qu
an
titie
s o
ve
r a
lo
nge
r p
erio
d o
f tim
e.
Com
pa
nie
s d
esire
to
be
aff
ilia
ted
with
th
e i
co
nic
de
sig
n i
n o
rde
r to
boost
the
ir i
ma
ge
as a
su
cce
ssfu
l e
nte
rprise
.
Ho
we
ve
r, n
o s
tand
ard
defin
itio
n e
xis
ts f
or
an
"ic
on
ic b
uild
ing"
ma
yb
e o
ne
th
ing w
hic
h is c
om
mon
with
all
of
the
se
ico
nic
str
uctu
res
is t
ha
t n
on
e o
f th
em
wa
s b
uilt
with
a p
urp
ose
to
se
rve
as a
n i
co
nic
bu
ildin
g.
Pre
tty d
rive
l, b
ut
the
n i
t's h
ard
to
fin
d a
ny o
the
r sim
ilarity
be
twe
en
a lis
t th
at
com
prise
s o
f b
uild
ings lik
e S
yd
ne
y O
pe
ra H
ou
se
, E
iffe
l T
ow
er,
Bu
rj U
l A
rab
, S
tatu
e o
f L
ibe
rty,
Se
att
le
Sp
ace N
eed
le,
co
losseu
m o
r E
mp
ire
Sta
te b
uild
ing.
No
t a
ll o
f th
em
are
exce
ption
ally
ta
ll (e
.g.
Ta
j M
ah
al, O
pe
ra H
ou
se
), n
ot
all
of
them
are
in
cre
dib
ly l
arg
e (
e.g
. w
hite
ho
use
), a
nd
ne
ithe
r d
o t
he
y c
an
be c
lassifie
d a
s t
he m
ost
bea
utifu
lly d
esig
ne
d b
uild
ings.
So w
ha
t re
ally
ma
ke
s t
hem
icon
ic?
It
is p
rob
ab
ly,
the
un
iqu
e d
esig
n,
co
nce
pt,
sym
bo
lic v
alu
e a
nd
als
o t
he t
ime
wh
en
th
ey w
ere
bu
ilt,
wh
ich
ma
kes t
hem
icon
ic.
My t
he
sis
is t
o e
xp
lore
th
e p
ossib
le r
ea
son
s o
n w
ha
t m
ake
s t
he
build
ing a
s i
co
nic
and
how
it
ca
n b
e m
ade
with
a p
re c
on
ce
ive
d
ide
a o
f m
akin
g a
n ico
nic
bu
ildin
g.
In t
his
ca
se I
am
ta
kin
g h
eig
ht
as th
e m
ajo
r fa
cto
r to
ma
ke
a b
uild
ing a
s ico
nic
. A
fe
w e
xa
mp
les o
f ic
on
ic b
uild
ings a
re lis
ted
be
low
:
Eiffe
l T
ow
er:
It's
ha
rd t
o im
agin
e,
how
a s
tru
ctu
re t
ha
t w
as c
riticiz
ed
in
th
e h
ars
hest
man
ne
r b
y t
he
exp
ert
s a
nd
art
ists
of
its t
ime
, a
nd
wh
ich
wa
s
se
t to
be
dis
ma
ntled
so
on a
fte
r it h
as s
erv
ed
its
ba
sic
pu
rpo
se
(E
xp
ositio
n U
niv
ers
elle
) is
no
w r
ega
rde
d a
s t
he
mo
st
reco
gn
ized
str
uctu
re o
f th
e w
orld
. T
he
to
we
r, w
hic
h w
as o
nce
co
nsid
ere
d a
blo
t on
the
la
nd
sca
pe o
f P
aris,
is n
ow
vis
ite
d b
y m
illio
ns a
nd
mill
ion
s o
f p
eo
ple
eve
ry y
ea
r, b
ecau
se
th
ey th
ink it
is o
ne
of
the
most
bea
utifu
l m
an
mad
e s
tru
ctu
re.
Syd
ne
y O
pe
ra H
ou
se
:
Syd
ne
y O
pe
ra H
ou
se
to
ok a
lmo
st
16
ye
ars
in
its
com
ple
tio
n a
nd
suff
ere
d n
um
ero
us s
etb
acks d
urin
g t
he
co
urs
e o
f th
is t
ime
. W
ith
all
kin
d o
f p
rob
lem
s i
nclu
din
g s
kyro
cke
tin
g c
ost,
pro
ject
ge
ttin
g p
olit
iciz
ed
, ch
an
ge
s m
ade
in
th
e o
rigin
al
de
sig
n,
Jo
rn U
tzo
n (
the
origin
al a
rch
ite
ct)
re
sig
n,
the
bu
ildin
g t
urn
ed
ou
t to
be
wo
rth
all
the
eff
ort
s,
on
ce
it
wa
s c
om
ple
ted
. S
itu
ate
d o
n t
he
Syd
ne
y H
arb
or,
th
is m
aste
r p
iece
h
as a
n o
uts
tan
din
g d
esig
n,
no
w
on
de
r Jo
rn U
tzo
n w
on
P
ritz
ke
r P
rize
, th
e m
ost
ce
leb
rate
d a
wa
rd fo
r a
ny
arc
hite
ctu
re.
- 7 -
Bu
rj U
l A
rab
:
A r
ece
nt
add
itio
n in
to t
he
lis
t of
ico
nic
bu
ildin
gs o
f th
e w
orld
is p
roba
bly
Bu
rj U
l A
rab
in
Du
ba
i, t
he
se
co
nd
ta
llest
ho
tel in
the
wo
rld.
Bu
ilt e
ntire
ly o
n 9
20
fee
t of
recla
ime
d la
nd
, B
urj U
l A
rab
is m
aste
rfully
bu
ilt t
o lo
ok lik
e a
sa
il of
Ara
bia
n D
ho
w,
sim
ple
ye
t e
lega
nt.
Sim
plic
ity e
nd
s a
t th
e b
asic
de
sig
n t
hou
gh
, as t
he
in
terio
r ge
ts a
s o
pu
lent
as it ca
n g
et
in a
ny w
orld
cla
ss h
ote
l.
Reaso
ns f
or
ch
oo
sin
g p
roje
ct
To c
om
me
mo
rate
the
ce
nte
nn
ial a
nn
ive
rsa
ry o
f th
e fo
un
din
g o
f T
aiw
an
, R
.O.C
. a
nd
ce
lebra
te t
he
me
rge
r b
etw
ee
n T
aic
hu
ng
Co
un
ty a
nd T
aic
hu
ng C
ity,
the
Ta
ich
un
g C
ity g
ove
rnm
en
t w
ill e
rect “T
aiw
an
To
we
r” a
s a
n im
po
rta
nt la
ndm
ark
in
th
e n
ew
sp
ecia
l m
un
icip
alit
y.
He
nce
the
re lie
s a
goo
d o
ppo
rtun
ity t
o t
est th
e h
yp
oth
esis
of
he
igh
t a
s m
ajo
r fa
cto
r in
icon
ic b
uild
ings.
Pro
ject
Info
rmati
on
T
he
re
loca
tio
n o
f th
e form
er
Ta
ichu
ng (
Sh
uin
an
) A
irp
ort
pro
mpte
d t
he
Ta
ich
nu
g G
ate
wa
y P
ark
pro
ject. I
n fo
rmin
g a
we
ll-cra
fte
d,
inn
ova
tive
an
d v
isio
na
ry b
lue
prin
t fo
r d
eve
lopm
ent,
th
e T
aic
hu
ng C
ity G
ove
rnm
en
t co
mm
issio
ne
d m
aste
r p
lan
nin
g o
f th
e a
rea in
Ja
nua
ry 2
00
7.
The
pro
du
ct of
the c
om
mis
sio
n w
as u
se
d in
fo
rmu
latin
g a
dra
ft u
rba
n p
lan
to
gu
ide
fu
ture
de
ve
lop
me
nt. T
he u
rba
n p
lan
ha
s b
een
a
pp
rove
d in M
ay 2
01
0. A
fte
r la
nd
re
qu
isitio
n is c
om
ple
ted
, th
e p
roje
ct
will
be
co
me
th
e m
ost
impo
rta
nt
ne
w d
eve
lop
men
t a
rea
in t
he
city.
In t
he
ma
ste
r p
lan f
or
the
fo
rme
r T
aic
hu
ng A
irp
ort
an
d its
vic
initie
s,
va
rio
us f
un
ction
s in
clu
din
g t
rad
e a
nd e
con
om
ics,
R&
D,
un
ive
rsity c
am
pu
s,
ecolo
gy,
cu
ltu
ral a
nd
liv
ing
are
all
inte
gra
ted
as the
“T
aic
hun
g G
ate
wa
y—
Active
Ga
tew
ay P
ark
”. T
he
Pa
rk is
targ
ete
d a
s a
n in
tern
atio
na
l p
ort
al in
to th
e v
ibra
nt u
rba
n o
asis
of
Centr
al T
aiw
an
—a
n o
asis
fo
r lif
esty
le,
inn
ova
tio
n, cu
ltu
re a
nd
b
iod
ive
rsity.
Th
e p
ositio
nin
g o
f th
e p
lan is t
o b
e a
“G
ate
wa
y P
ark
”. T
he
them
e o
f “f
ou
r la
rge
ce
nte
rs a
nd
on
e f
ea
ture
” is
ado
pte
d a
s
a t
urn
ing p
oin
t fo
r fu
ture
urb
an
de
ve
lop
me
nt an
d e
ncom
pa
sse
s a
la
rge
pa
rk,
larg
e c
am
pu
s, la
rge
exh
ibitio
n c
ente
r, la
rge
are
na a
nd
th
e T
aiw
an
To
we
r.
Ta
iwa
n T
ow
er
is t
o b
e lo
ca
ted
at th
e s
outh
ern
tip
of
the
Ce
ntr
al P
ark
, a
cro
ss f
rom
th
e E
co
no
mic
an
d T
rad
e P
ark
to
the
no
rth
. H
ere
, vis
ito
rs w
ill b
e t
rea
ted
to
a p
ano
ram
a v
iew
of
the
pa
rk,
the
city a
nd t
he
natu
ral su
rrou
nd
ings. T
he
Ta
iwa
n T
ow
er
exp
erie
nce s
tart
s
from
th
e M
use
um
of
Ta
ich
un
g C
ity D
eve
lop
me
nt
on
the
gro
und
flo
or,
wh
ich
will
fe
atu
re e
xh
ibits o
n t
he
city’s
deve
lop
me
nt
inclu
din
g
its h
isto
ry,
pla
nn
ing,
urb
an
an
d r
ura
l tu
g-o
f-w
ar,
urb
an
de
sig
n a
nd
pla
nn
ing,
ind
ustr
ial de
ve
lop
me
nt, t
ele
com
mu
nic
atio
n, se
we
rage
, fire
pre
ve
ntio
n, flo
od
an
d d
isa
ste
r con
tro
l, t
ran
sp
ort
atio
n, e
tc. A
mod
el of
the
city w
ill a
lso
be
on
dis
pla
y t
o h
elp
citiz
en
s le
arn
ab
out
an
d id
en
tify
with
th
e c
ity t
he
y liv
e in
. T
he
to
ur
co
nclu
de
s a
s c
itiz
en
s a
re le
d u
p th
e f
ree
sta
nd
ing t
ow
er
for
a b
ird
’s-e
ye
vie
w o
f
- 8 -
Ta
ichu
ng C
ity.
Be
sid
es its
sig
hts
ee
ing f
un
ction
s,
the
to
we
r w
ill a
lso
do
ub
le a
s a
te
lecom
mu
nic
ation
ba
se
. T
he
Taic
hu
ng C
ity
Go
ve
rnm
ent
will
pro
vid
e t
he
ba
sic
pla
nn
ing g
uid
elin
es fo
r T
aiw
an
To
we
r a
nd
the
Mu
seum
of
Ta
ichu
ng C
ity D
eve
lop
me
nt. O
n t
his
fo
und
ation
, p
ione
erin
g a
nd
in
no
va
tive
de
sig
n id
ea
s s
ha
ll be
pro
vid
ed b
y t
he
de
sig
ne
r to
en
live
n t
he
pro
ject
with
a fre
sh
lo
ok a
nd
m
ultifun
ction
al u
se
. T
aiw
an
To
we
r w
ill b
eco
me a
ne
w la
ndm
ark
fo
r b
oth
Ta
ichu
ng a
nd
Ta
iwa
n. T
ho
ugh
no
t a
imin
g t
o c
om
pe
te in
he
igh
t w
ith
oth
er
tow
ers
of
the w
orld
, in
prin
cip
le its
ob
se
rva
tory
sh
ou
ld b
e h
igh
er
than
the
va
nta
ge
po
int fr
om
Da
du
Mo
un
tain
in
ord
er
to g
ive
vis
ito
rs
a v
iew
of
the
Ta
iwa
n S
tra
it.
In a
dd
itio
n, tr
ad
itio
na
l b
uild
ing m
ate
ria
ls s
ho
uld
be
in
tegra
ted
with
21
st-
Ce
ntu
ry b
uild
ing t
ech
no
logy t
o
ho
no
r th
e lo
ca
l b
uild
ing t
rad
itio
ns a
nd
sym
boliz
e t
he
ne
w T
aiw
an
spirit.
In s
ea
rch
fo
r a
fo
rwa
rd-lo
okin
g a
nd
in
no
va
tive
de
sig
n,
a
pu
blic
ca
ll fo
r p
ione
ering p
lan
nin
g id
ea
s a
nd
de
sig
n is t
he
refo
re issue
d,
thro
ugh
th
e v
eh
icle
of
an
in
tern
atio
na
l com
petitio
n, to
se
ek
pro
po
sa
ls f
rom
ou
tsta
nd
ing d
esig
n t
ea
ms h
om
e a
nd a
bro
ad
. In
fere
nces/C
on
clu
sio
ns
•
The
eco
nom
ic m
ira
cle
ach
ieve
d b
y T
aiw
an
is a
wo
rld
-re
no
wn
ph
en
om
eno
n. T
aiw
an
’s in
du
str
ies o
ccu
py a
pro
min
en
t po
sitio
n
in t
he w
orld
, w
he
the
r th
ey a
re t
rad
itio
na
l in
dustr
ies t
ha
t b
losso
me
d in
the
70
s o
r th
e n
ew
an
ch
or
of
tele
com
an
d IT
ind
ustr
ies.
The
“M
IT”
(ma
de
in
Ta
iwa
n)
bra
nd
ha
s a
lso b
eco
me
an
alo
go
us t
o h
igh
-qu
alit
y p
rod
ucts
. T
his
ach
ieve
men
t is
th
e f
ruit o
f sh
rew
d m
ana
ge
men
t by T
aiw
an
’s e
ntr
ep
ren
eu
rs a
nd t
ire
less w
ork
by T
aiw
an
’s la
bo
r fo
rce. T
he
mo
tto
of
Yu
ng-c
hin
g W
an
g,
the
late
fo
un
de
r of
Fo
rmo
sa P
lastics, d
escribe
s t
his
sp
irit m
ost
ap
pro
pria
tely
: “w
ork
ha
rd a
nd
be
th
rift
y”.
•
The
pro
po
sed
bu
ildin
g is t
o b
e t
he
icon
of
the
sp
irit o
f T
aiw
an
and
the
econ
om
ic,
so
cio
po
litic
al gro
wth
ove
r th
e y
ea
rs.
this
to
we
r w
he
n c
om
ple
te w
ill n
ot
be t
he t
alle
st in
Ta
iwa
n b
ut
will
be
hig
he
r th
an
th
e n
eig
hb
orin
g D
ad
u m
ou
nta
in s
o a
s t
o g
ive
a
vie
w o
f T
aiw
an
str
ait f
rom
to
p o
f it.
- 9 -
C
HA
PT
ER
– 2
R
es
ea
rch
- 10 -
SK
YS
CR
AP
ER
A
skyscra
pe
r is
a t
all,
co
ntinu
ou
sly
ha
bita
ble
bu
ildin
g.
Th
ere
is n
o o
ffic
ial d
efin
itio
n o
r h
eig
ht a
bo
ve
wh
ich
a b
uild
ing m
ay c
lea
rly b
e
cla
ssifie
d a
s a
skyscra
pe
r. M
ost
citie
s d
efin
e th
e te
rm e
mp
iric
ally
; e
ve
n a
bu
ildin
g o
f 80
me
ters
(2
62
fe
et)
ma
y b
e c
on
sid
ere
d a
skyscra
pe
r if it p
rotr
ude
s a
bo
ve
its
bu
ilt e
nviro
nm
en
t a
nd
cha
nge
s th
e o
ve
rall
skylin
e.
Th
ere
isn
't an
y o
ffic
ial d
efin
itio
n o
r se
t h
eig
ht
for
a s
kyscra
pe
r. U
sua
lly a
skyscra
pe
r is
de
scrib
ed
as a
ve
ry t
all
bu
ildin
g t
ha
t to
we
rs a
bo
ve t
he
oth
er
bu
ildin
gs a
lon
g a
city's
skylin
e.
So
me d
efin
e a
ny b
uild
ing w
ith
20
sto
rie
s o
r m
ore
as a
skyscra
pe
r, o
the
rs a
s 5
0 o
r 1
00
or
mo
re s
torie
s. T
he
wo
rd
skyscra
pe
r w
as o
rigin
ally
a n
au
tica
l te
rm th
at re
ferr
ed
to
the
ta
ll sa
ils o
n a
sa
ilin
g s
hip
. T
od
ay's
im
age
of
a s
kyscra
pe
r in
ou
r u
rba
n s
ocie
ty is t
ha
t of
a m
ega
str
uctu
re r
isin
g t
o t
he s
ky t
ha
t can
on
ly b
e f
ou
nd
in
a w
orld
cla
ss c
ity s
uch
as H
ong K
on
g o
r N
ew
Yo
rk.
Th
e s
tru
ctu
ral m
ake
-up
is d
iffe
ren
t fo
r skyscra
pe
rs.
Bu
ildin
gs n
ot
excee
din
g f
ou
r flo
ors
ca
n b
e s
up
po
rte
d b
y t
he
ir w
alls
alo
ne
; w
hile
skyscra
pe
rs,
as t
he
y a
re t
alle
r an
d h
ea
vie
r h
ave
to
be
su
pp
ort
ed
by a
la
rge
ne
two
rk o
f ste
el an
d c
on
cre
te k
now
n a
s a
ske
leta
l fr
am
e. T
he
wa
lls t
he
n h
an
g f
rom
th
is s
ke
leta
l fr
am
e. Skyscra
pe
rs g
en
era
lly h
ave
a s
tee
l str
uctu
re w
ith
a c
ore
co
lum
n. T
he
co
re is
usu
ally
ma
de
up
of
rein
forc
ed c
on
cre
te
an
d th
e e
leva
tors
an
d p
lum
bin
g a
re
co
nta
ine
d w
ith
in th
e c
ore
. T
all
bu
ildin
gs
we
re f
irst
intr
odu
ced
in t
he
la
te 1
80
0s. A
s
bu
ildin
gs r
ea
che
d s
ix f
loo
rs a
nd
ab
ove
, a
pro
ble
m a
rose
- w
ate
r p
ressu
re.
No
rma
l city lin
es w
ere
no
t a
dequ
ate
to
sup
ply
a
wh
ole
bu
ildin
g. T
o f
ix th
is p
rob
lem
, w
ate
r ta
nks w
ere
in
sta
lled
on t
he
to
ps o
f b
uild
ings t
alle
r th
an
fiv
e f
loo
rs (
ab
out
50
ft
, 15
m).
Th
e w
ord
'skyscra
pe
r' w
as t
he
n
assig
ne
d t
o t
he
se
bu
ildin
gs o
ve
r six
floo
rs.
It w
as a
lso
ve
ry im
pra
ctica
l to
m
ake p
eo
ple
wa
lk u
p a
ll th
ose
sta
irs. T
he
in
ve
ntio
n o
f th
e e
leva
tor
wa
s n
ee
de
d.
- 11 -
Sk
ys
cra
pe
r s
tru
ctu
re
Skyscra
pe
rs,
on
e o
f m
an
's g
rea
test
ach
ievem
ents
, a
re k
no
wn
fo
r th
eir s
tre
ngth
an
d s
turd
ine
ss.
A la
rge
skyscra
pe
r h
as a
n im
age
of
safe
ty a
nd
se
cu
rity
, d
ue
to
its
' ma
scu
line a
ppe
ara
nce
an
d s
turd
y r
ep
uta
tio
n.
With
ou
t stu
rdy a
nd
eff
ective
lo
ad
ba
lan
cin
g d
esig
ns,
toda
y's
skyscra
pe
rs c
ou
ld h
ave
ne
ve
r b
ee
n b
uilt
. T
he
se
de
sig
ns a
re a
pre
cis
e
ba
lan
ce
of
eco
nom
ics,
en
gin
ee
rin
g,
an
d c
onstr
uctio
n.
As inte
rna
lly s
up
po
rte
d s
tru
ctu
res s
kyscra
pe
rs d
o n
ot
ne
ed
gu
y w
ire
s o
r a
ny
typ
e o
f e
xte
rna
l su
pp
ort
. T
he
str
uctu
ral
de
sig
n i
s o
f p
ara
mo
un
t im
po
rta
nce
du
e t
o t
he
mu
ltitu
de
of
pe
op
le a
nd
va
lua
ble
com
mod
itie
s s
kyscra
pe
rs s
he
lte
r.
En
gin
ee
rs m
ust
test
for
eve
ry p
ossib
le k
now
n s
itu
atio
n i
n w
hic
h t
he
bu
ildin
g's
in
tegrity
ma
y b
e j
eop
ard
ize
d.
Alth
ou
gh
en
gin
ee
rs
ca
nno
t b
e c
om
ple
tely
co
nfide
nt
the
ir d
esig
n w
ill w
ith
sta
nd
the
te
st
of
tim
e a
nd
na
ture
, th
ey c
an
en
su
re t
ha
t th
eir d
esig
n p
rovid
es a
re
aso
na
ble
ma
rgin
of
safe
ty a
ga
inst
kn
ow
n h
aza
rds.
Whe
n s
kyscra
pe
rs d
o f
ail,
en
gin
ee
rs m
ust
inve
stiga
te if
the
fa
ilure
wa
s d
ue
to
pre
ve
nta
ble
ca
use
or
co
uld
no
t h
ave
bee
n a
nticip
ate
d.
The
we
igh
t o
f a
skyscra
pe
r m
ain
ly c
on
sis
ts o
f d
ea
d l
oa
d,
the
- 12 -
loa
d e
xe
rte
d b
y t
he
bu
ildin
g its
elf.
An
y e
xtr
a w
eig
ht
from
pe
op
le,
furn
itu
re,
ve
hic
les,
etc
. is
kn
ow
n a
s liv
e lo
ad
. In
ad
ditio
n,
win
d a
nd
oth
er
un
exp
ecte
d s
ourc
es c
an
be
lo
ad
pro
vid
ers
. T
he
de
sig
n o
f a s
kyscra
pe
r is
ma
inly
dic
tate
d b
y h
ow
th
e t
ota
l lo
ad
is t
o b
e
dis
trib
ute
d.
Skyscra
pe
r d
esig
ns a
re c
ate
go
rize
d a
s s
tee
l fr
am
es,
she
ar
wa
lls,
co
ncre
te c
ore
, o
r tu
be d
esig
ns.
Cla
ssif
icati
on
of
Tall B
uil
din
g S
tru
ctu
ral S
yste
ms
In 1
96
9 F
azlu
r K
ha
n c
lassifie
d s
tru
ctu
ral syste
ms fo
r ta
ll b
uild
ings r
ela
tin
g t
o th
eir h
eig
hts
with
co
nsid
era
tio
ns f
or
eff
icie
ncy in
the
fo
rm o
f “H
eig
hts
fo
r S
tru
ctu
ral S
yste
ms”
dia
gra
ms (
Kh
an,
19
69
). T
his
ma
rked
th
e b
egin
nin
g o
f a
ne
w e
ra o
f skyscra
pe
r re
vo
lutio
n in
term
s o
f m
ultip
le s
tru
ctu
ral syste
ms. L
ate
r, h
e u
pgra
ded
the
se
dia
gra
ms b
y w
ay o
f m
od
ific
atio
ns (
Kh
an,
19
72,
197
3).
He
de
ve
lop
ed
th
ese s
ch
em
es f
or
bo
th s
tee
l a
nd
con
cre
te a
s c
an
be
se
en f
rom
Fig
ure
(A
li, 2
00
1; A
li &
Arm
str
on
g, 1
995
; S
ch
ue
ller,
198
6).
Kh
an
a
rgu
ed
tha
t th
e r
igid
fra
me t
ha
t ha
d d
om
inate
d t
all
bu
ildin
g d
esig
n a
nd
con
str
uction
so lo
ng w
as n
ot
the
on
ly s
yste
m f
ittin
g f
or
tall
bu
ildin
gs.
Be
ca
use o
f a
bett
er
un
de
rsta
nd
ing o
f th
e m
ech
an
ics o
f m
ate
ria
l an
d m
em
be
r b
eh
avio
r, h
e r
ea
so
ne
d tha
t th
e s
tru
ctu
re
co
uld
be
tre
ate
d in
a h
olis
tic m
an
ne
r, th
at
is,
the
bu
ildin
g c
ou
ld b
e a
na
lyze
d in
th
ree
dim
ensio
ns,
sup
po
rte
d b
y c
om
pute
r sim
ula
tion
s,
rath
er
than
as a
se
rie
s o
f p
lan
ar
syste
ms in
ea
ch
prin
cip
al d
ire
ction
. F
ea
sib
le s
tru
ctu
ral syste
ms, a
cco
rdin
g t
o h
im, a
re
rigid
fra
me
s,
she
ar
wa
lls,
inte
ractive
fra
me
-she
ar
wa
ll co
mb
ina
tio
ns, b
elt t
russe
s,
an
d th
e v
ario
us o
the
r tu
bu
lar
syste
ms. S
tru
ctu
ral
syste
ms o
f ta
ll b
uild
ings c
an
be
div
ide
d in
to tw
o b
roa
d c
ate
go
rie
s:
inte
rio
r str
uctu
res a
nd
exte
rio
r str
uctu
res. T
his
cla
ssific
atio
n is
ba
sed
on t
he
dis
trib
utio
n o
f th
e c
om
po
ne
nts
of
the
prim
ary
la
tera
l lo
ad
-re
sis
tin
g s
yste
m o
ve
r th
e b
uild
ing.
A s
yste
m is c
ate
go
rize
d
as a
n in
terio
r str
uctu
re w
he
n t
he
ma
jor
pa
rt o
f th
e late
ral lo
ad
re
sis
ting s
yste
m is lo
ca
ted
with
in t
he
in
terio
r of
the
bu
ildin
g.
Lik
ew
ise
, if th
e m
ajo
r p
art
of
the
la
tera
l lo
ad
-re
sis
tin
g s
yste
m is lo
ca
ted
at
the
bu
ildin
g p
erim
ete
r, a
syste
m is c
ate
go
rize
d a
s a
n e
xte
rio
r str
uctu
re. It
sho
uld
be n
ote
d, h
ow
eve
r, t
ha
t an
y in
terio
r str
uctu
re is lik
ely
to
ha
ve
so
me
min
or
co
mp
on
en
ts o
f th
e la
tera
l lo
ad
-re
sis
tin
g s
yste
m a
t th
e b
uild
ing p
erim
ete
r, a
nd a
ny e
xte
rio
r str
uctu
re m
ay h
ave
som
e m
ino
r co
mpo
ne
nts
with
in th
e in
terio
r of
the
bu
ildin
g.
- 13 -
Inte
rio
r S
tru
ctu
res
The
tw
o b
asic
typ
es o
f la
tera
l lo
ad
-re
sis
tin
g s
yste
ms in
th
e c
ate
go
ry o
f in
terio
r str
uctu
res a
re t
he
mom
ent-
resis
tin
g f
ram
es a
nd
sh
ea
r tr
usse
s/s
he
ar
wa
lls.
The
se
syste
ms a
re u
su
ally
arr
an
ge
d a
s p
lana
r a
ssem
blie
s in
two
prin
cip
al o
rth
ogona
l d
ire
ctio
ns a
nd
ma
y b
e
em
plo
ye
d t
oge
the
r a
s a
com
bin
ed
syste
m in
wh
ich
th
ey
inte
ract.
Ano
the
r ve
ry im
po
rta
nt syste
m in
th
is c
ate
go
ry
is t
he
co
re-s
up
po
rted
ou
trig
ge
r str
uctu
re,
wh
ich
is v
ery
w
ide
ly u
se
d f
or
Su
pe
rta
ll b
uild
ings a
t th
is w
ritin
g.
- 14 -
Ca
teg
ory
Su
b-
Ca
teg
ory
Ma
teri
al
/ C
on
fig
ura
tio
n
Eff
icie
nt
He
igh
t L
imit
Ad
va
nta
ge
s
D
isa
dva
nta
ge
s
B
uil
din
g E
xa
mp
les
Ste
el
30
Pro
vid
e f
lexib
ility
in
floo
r p
lan
nin
g.
Fa
st
co
nstr
uction
.
Exp
en
siv
e m
om
ent
co
nne
ctio
ns.
Exp
en
siv
e f
ire
p
roofin
g.
86
0 &
88
0 L
ake S
ho
re
Dri
ve
Ap
art
me
nts
(C
hic
ago
, U
SA
, 26
sto
rie
s,
82
m),
Bu
sin
ess
Me
n's
Assu
ran
ce
To
we
r (K
an
sa
s C
ity,
US
A, 1
9
sto
rie
s),
Sea
gra
m
Bu
ildin
g,
30th
to
th
e top
floo
r (N
ew
Yo
rk,
US
A,
38
sto
rie
s,
15
7 m
)
Rig
id
Fra
me
s
-
Co
ncre
te
2
0
Pro
vid
e f
lexib
ility
in
floo
r p
lan
nin
g.
Ea
sily
mo
lda
ble
.
Exp
en
siv
e
form
wo
rk.
Slo
w
co
nstr
uction
.
Inga
lls B
uild
ing
(Cin
cin
na
ti,
US
A,
16
sto
rie
s,
65
m)
Bra
ce
d
Hin
ge
d
Fra
me
s
-
Ste
el S
hea
r T
russe
s
+ S
tee
l H
inge
d
Fra
me
s
10
Eff
icie
ntly r
esis
t la
tera
l lo
ad
s b
y
axia
l fo
rce
s in
the
sh
ea
r tr
uss
mem
be
rs.
Allo
ws
sh
allo
we
r b
eam
s
co
mpa
red w
ith
th
e
rigid
fra
me
s
with
ou
t d
iago
na
ls.
Inte
rio
r p
lan
nin
g
limita
tio
ns d
ue
to
d
iago
na
ls in
th
e
sh
ea
r tr
usse
s.
Exp
en
siv
e d
iago
na
l co
nne
ctio
ns.
Lo
w r
ise
bu
ildin
gs
Sh
ea
r W
all
/ H
inge
d
- C
on
cre
te S
hea
r W
all
+ S
tee
l H
inge
d F
ram
e
35
E
ffe
ctive
ly r
esis
ts
late
ral she
ar
by
Inte
rio
r p
lan
nin
g
limita
tio
ns d
ue
to
7
7 W
est W
acke
r D
rive
(C
hic
ago
, U
SA
, 50
- 15 -
Fra
me
s
co
ncre
te s
hea
r w
alls
.
sh
ea
r w
alls
.
sto
rie
s,
20
3.6
m),
C
asse
lde
n P
lace
(M
elb
ou
rne
, A
ustr
alia
, 4
3 s
torie
s,
16
0 m
)
Bra
ce
d
Rig
id
Fra
me
s
Ste
el S
hea
r T
russe
s
+ S
tee
l R
igid
Fra
me
s
40
Eff
ective
ly r
esis
ts
late
ral lo
ad
s b
y
pro
du
cin
g s
he
ar
tru
ss -
fra
me
in
tera
ctin
g s
yste
m.
Inte
rio
r p
lan
nin
g
limita
tio
ns d
ue
to
sh
ea
r tr
usse
s.
Em
pire
Sta
te B
uild
ing
(Ne
w Y
ork
, U
SA
, 1
02
sto
rie
s,
38
1 m
),
Se
agra
m B
uild
ing,
17
th
to 2
9th
flo
or
(Ne
w Y
ork
, U
SA
, 38
sto
rie
s, 1
57
m)
Co
ncre
te S
hea
r W
all
+ S
tee
l R
igid
Fra
me.
60
E
ffe
ctive
ly r
esis
ts
late
ral lo
ad
s b
y
pro
du
cin
g s
he
ar
wa
ll -
fra
me
in
tera
ctin
g s
yste
m
Inte
rio
r p
lan
nin
g
limita
tio
ns d
ue
to
sh
ea
r w
alls
.
Se
agra
m B
uild
ing,
up
to
th
e 1
7th
flo
or
(Ne
w
Yo
rk,
US
A,
38 s
torie
s,
15
7 m
)
Sh
ea
r W
all
(or
Sh
ea
r T
russ)
- F
ram
e
Inte
ractio
n
Syste
m
Sh
ea
r W
all
/ R
igid
F
ram
es
Co
ncre
te S
hea
r W
all
+ C
on
cre
te F
ram
e
70
"
" 3
11
So
uth
Wacke
r D
rive
(C
hic
ago
, U
SA
, 7
5 s
torie
s,
28
4 m
),
Co
ok C
oun
ty
Ad
min
istr
atio
n B
uild
ing,
form
er
Bru
nsw
ick
Bu
ildin
g (
Ch
ica
go
, U
SA
, 3
8 s
torie
s,
14
5 m
)
Ou
trig
ge
r S
tru
ctu
res
-
Sh
ea
r C
ore
s (
Ste
el
Tru
sse
s o
r C
on
cre
te
Sh
ea
r W
alls
) +
O
utr
igge
rs (
Ste
el
Tru
sse
s o
r C
on
cre
te
Walls
) +
(B
elt
15
0
Eff
ective
ly r
esis
ts
be
nd
ing b
y e
xte
rio
r co
lum
ns
co
nne
cte
d t
o
ou
trig
ge
rs
exte
nd
ed f
rom
th
e
Ou
trig
ge
r str
uctu
re
do
es n
ot a
dd
she
ar
resis
tan
ce
.
Ta
ipe
i 10
1 (
Ta
ipe
i,
Ta
iwa
n,
10
1 s
torie
s,
50
9 m
), J
in M
ao
B
uild
ing (
Sh
an
gh
ai,
Ch
ina
, 8
8 s
torie
s,
42
1
m)
- 16 -
Tru
sse
s)
+ S
tee
l o
r C
on
cre
te C
om
po
site
(Su
pe
r) C
olu
mn
s
co
re.
Exte
rio
r S
tru
ctu
res
The
na
ture
of
bu
ildin
g p
erim
ete
rs
ha
s m
ore
str
uctu
ral sig
nific
an
ce in
ta
ll b
uild
ings t
ha
n in
any o
the
r b
uild
ing t
yp
e d
ue
to
the
ir v
ery
ta
llne
ss,
wh
ich
me
an
s g
rea
ter
vu
lne
rab
ility
to
la
tera
l fo
rce
s,
esp
ecia
lly w
ind
lo
ad
s. T
hu
s,
it is
qu
ite
de
sira
ble
to c
on
ce
ntr
ate
as
mu
ch la
tera
l lo
ad
-re
sis
tin
g s
yste
m
co
mpo
ne
nts
as p
ossib
le o
n t
he
p
erim
ete
r of
tall
bu
ildin
gs t
o
incre
ase
th
eir s
tru
ctu
ral d
ep
th, a
nd,
in t
urn
, th
eir r
esis
tan
ce t
o la
tera
l lo
ad
s.
O
ne
of
the
mo
st ty
pic
al e
xte
rio
r str
uctu
res is th
e tu
be
, w
hic
h c
an
be
d
efine
d a
s a
th
ree
-dim
en
sio
na
l str
uctu
ral syste
m u
tiliz
ing t
he
en
tire
b
uild
ing p
erim
ete
r to
resis
t la
tera
l lo
ad
s. T
he
ea
rlie
st
ap
plic
atio
n o
f th
e
tub
ula
r n
otio
n is a
ttrib
ute
d to
Fa
zlu
r K
han
, w
ho
tho
ugh
t of
this
co
ncep
t in
19
61
(A
li, 2
00
1)
an
d d
esig
ne
d th
e 4
3-s
tory
DeW
itt-
Ch
estn
ut
Ap
art
me
nt
Bu
ildin
g in
Ch
ica
go
, com
ple
ted
in
19
65,
the
first
kn
ow
n b
uild
ing d
esig
ne
d a
s a
fra
med
tub
e.
A fe
w o
the
r
- 17 -
wo
rld
’s t
alle
st
bu
ildin
gs u
sin
g
this
co
nce
pt a
re th
e 1
10
-sto
ry S
ea
rs T
ow
er,
th
e 1
00
-sto
ry J
oh
n H
anco
ck C
en
ter,
an
d th
e 8
3-s
tory
Am
oco b
uild
ing,
all
in C
hic
ago
, a
nd
th
e 1
10
-sto
ry W
orld
Tra
de C
en
ter
To
we
rs (
de
str
oye
d in
20
01
by a
te
rro
rist
att
ack)
in N
ew
Yo
rk.
Ma
ny o
the
r re
ce
nt b
uild
ings in
- 18 -
exce
ss o
f 50
sto
rie
s h
ave
em
plo
ye
d th
e tu
bu
lar
co
ncep
t o
r a
va
ria
tion
of
it. T
he
in
trod
uction o
f tu
be s
yste
ms h
as b
ee
n r
evo
lution
ary
sin
ce
fo
r th
e f
irst tim
e th
e th
ree
-dim
en
sio
na
l re
sp
on
se
of
bu
ildin
gs w
as d
ire
ctly e
xp
loite
d to
ad
va
nta
ge
de
pa
rtin
g f
rom
th
e
co
nve
ntio
na
l rigid
fra
me
syste
m c
on
sis
tin
g o
f rigid
ly c
on
ne
cte
d p
lan
ar
be
am
-co
lum
n g
rid
s. T
ub
ula
r fo
rms h
ave
seve
ral ty
pe
s
de
pe
nd
ing u
pon
the
str
uctu
ral eff
icie
ncy t
hat
the
y c
an
pro
vid
e fo
r d
iffe
ren
t h
eig
hts
.
- 19 -
Skyscra
pe
r E
leva
tors
T
he
mo
st p
op
ula
r de
sig
n f
or
the p
lace
me
nt of
ele
va
tors
is in
th
e c
en
ter
or
co
re o
f a b
uild
ing.
Th
is is t
o lea
ve
mo
re s
pa
ce
fo
r w
ind
ow
s a
nd
to
ma
ke it
ea
sie
st fo
r th
e g
reate
st
am
oun
t of
pe
op
le t
o a
cce
ss th
em
. T
he
ele
va
tor
syste
ms b
ein
g d
esig
ne
d f
or
the
b
uild
ings t
oda
y a
nd
fo
r th
e fu
ture
div
ide
the
bu
ildin
g in
to s
ectio
ns. A
s s
ee
n in
th
e fo
rme
r W
orld
Tra
de
Ce
nte
r T
ow
ers
in
Ne
w Y
ork
, th
ere
we
re t
hre
e s
ection
s o
f e
leva
tors
. T
he
se
th
ree
se
ctio
ns o
f e
leva
tor
sh
aft
s w
ere
co
nne
cte
d b
y m
ain
se
rvic
e e
leva
tors
. T
he
se
la
rge
exp
ress e
leva
tors
wo
uld
brin
g y
ou
to
a s
ky lo
bb
y o
r tr
an
sa
ction
flo
or
wh
ere
yo
u b
oa
rd a
no
the
r e
leva
tor
to g
et
to y
ou
r d
estina
tio
n. T
his
pra
ctice
is b
eco
min
g m
ore
co
mm
on
be
ca
use
it
is v
ery
eff
icie
nt
an
d s
ave
s s
pa
ce
. It
wo
uld
ta
ke
up m
uch
mo
re
sp
ace
if
all
the
ele
va
tors
we
nt
all
the w
ay t
hro
ugh
th
e b
uild
ing.
It w
ou
ld a
lso t
ake m
uch
lo
nge
r fo
r a
pe
rso
n to
ge
t to
wh
ere
the
y
wa
nte
d b
eca
use
all
the e
leva
tors
wo
uld
ha
ve
to
se
rve
all
the f
loo
rs.
Yo
u c
ou
ld h
ave
peo
ple
go
ing t
o 3
0 d
iffe
ren
t floo
rs a
ll in
on
e
ele
va
tor
ca
r, m
akin
g t
he
rid
e m
ise
rab
le f
or
the p
eop
le g
oin
g t
o th
e last
co
up
le s
erv
ed
flo
ors
. P
rob
lem
s
On
e m
ajo
r re
str
ictin
g f
acto
r w
ith
ele
va
tors
is h
um
an
hea
lth
. E
leva
tors
ca
n o
nly
go
so
fa
st d
ue
to
hum
an h
ea
lth
facto
rs. T
he h
um
an
fa
cto
r a
lso
lim
its th
e a
cce
lera
tio
n a
nd
sto
pp
ing a
bili
ty o
f e
leva
tors
. In
ad
ditio
n,
en
gin
ee
rs m
ust
wo
rry a
bo
ut
the
le
ngth
of
cab
le,
limitin
g t
he
he
igh
t lim
it o
f so
me
ele
va
tors
. T
he
so
lutio
n fo
r th
is p
rob
lem
is
fa
irly
sim
ple
, ta
ke a
wa
y t
he
ca
ble
s.
Do
ing th
is w
ou
ld r
equ
ire
th
e e
ngin
e o
f th
e e
leva
tor
to b
e a
tta
che
d to
th
e c
ar
itse
lf. T
he
ad
va
nta
ge
to
do
ing t
his
wo
uld
be
th
at m
ultip
le c
ars
cou
ld s
erv
e o
n o
ne
sh
aft
. T
his
wo
uld
pre
ve
nt
one
ca
r fr
om
so
lely
ta
kin
g u
p t
he
u
se
of
a lo
ad
ing o
r u
nlo
ad
ing p
ort
al.
Dif
fere
nt
ele
vato
r d
esig
ns
Syste
m 1
: th
e f
irst
wa
y it’s t
he
no
rma
l e
leva
tor
sh
aft
de
sig
n w
he
re a
ll th
e e
leva
tors
in
th
e b
uild
ing a
cce
ss a
ll th
e f
loo
rs. T
his
wa
y is
be
st
in s
ho
rte
r b
uild
ings (
usu
ally
un
de
r 5
0 f
loo
rs).
S
yste
m 2
: th
e s
eco
nd w
ay is w
he
re a
bu
ildin
g h
as m
ore
th
an 1
lob
by 2
, 3
, o
r p
erh
ap
s 4
. th
e b
ott
om
flo
or
lobb
y h
as e
xp
ress
ele
va
tors
th
at
go
to t
he o
the
r lo
bb
ies.
In t
he
se lo
bb
ies t
he
re a
re e
leva
tors
to t
he
flo
ors
in
tha
t se
ctio
n o
f th
e b
uild
ing.
Th
is w
ay is
mo
st eff
icie
nt
with
extr
em
ely
ta
ll bu
ildin
gs (
60 f
loo
rs a
nd
ta
ller)
. S
yste
m 3
: th
e t
hird
meth
od is w
he
re a
ll th
e e
leva
tors
mee
t a
t th
e b
otto
m f
loo
r a
nd c
ert
ain
on
es g
o to
the
ce
rta
in f
loo
rs. T
he
re m
igh
t b
e a
n e
leva
tor
wh
ich
go
es to
the
flo
ors
of
49
-70
. T
his
isn
’t a
s e
ffic
ien
t a
s m
eth
od
2 in
th
e e
xtr
em
ely
ta
ll b
uild
ings.
Th
is m
eth
od
w
ou
ld w
ork
be
st
in a
40
-70
flo
ors
bu
ildin
g.
- 20 -
Syste
m 4
: T
he
fo
urt
h m
eth
od in
vo
lve
s a
do
ub
le d
eck e
leva
tor
tha
t skip
s t
o m
ain
sky lo
bb
ies. T
he d
ou
ble
de
ck e
leva
tor
wo
uld
be
a
ble
to
ho
ld m
an
y p
eop
le. T
he
tw
o f
loo
rs th
ey lo
ad
an
d u
nlo
ad o
n c
an
be
con
ne
cte
d b
y e
sca
lato
rs to
eve
n o
ut th
e t
raff
ic. T
his
w
ou
ld w
ork
in
hig
h t
raff
ic,
extr
em
ely
ta
ll b
uild
ings.
Sk
ys
cra
pe
r P
lum
bin
g
De
sig
nin
g s
kyscra
pe
rs is a
n e
xtr
em
ely
co
mp
lica
ted a
rt th
at
inte
gra
tes s
eve
ral d
iffe
rent
logis
tic o
pe
ratio
ns a
nd
utilit
ies.
Plu
mb
ing is
on
e o
f th
e m
ore
ch
alle
ngin
g p
rob
lem
s to
so
lve
due
to
the
lo
ss in p
ressu
re a
s w
ate
r tr
ave
ls u
p a
ve
rtic
al p
ipe
. P
lum
bin
g e
ngin
ee
rs fou
nd
ou
t th
at
as y
ou
lift w
ate
r a
bo
ve
a d
atu
m, yo
u lo
se
1 p
oun
d p
er
squ
are
in
ch
fo
r e
ve
ry 2
.3 f
ee
t of
ele
va
tio
n. T
his
sm
all
bu
t in
cre
me
nta
l lo
ss m
ake
s a
ch
ievin
g h
igh
wa
ter
pre
ssu
re a
t th
e to
p o
f a
wa
ter
co
lum
n v
ery
difficu
lt.
Mo
st
wa
ter
fixtu
res r
equ
ire
at
lea
st 2
5 p
si to
ope
rate
or
flu
sh
pro
pe
rly,
so
me
asu
res to
in
su
re c
on
sis
ten
t w
ate
r p
ressu
re t
hro
ugh
ou
t th
e
bu
ildin
g m
ust
be
im
ple
me
nte
d.
As th
e b
uild
ing g
et
talle
r, a
no
the
r p
rob
lem
arise
s a
s t
he
wa
ter
pre
ssu
re a
t th
e b
otto
m o
f a v
ert
ica
l p
ipe
be
com
es t
oo
gre
at fo
r safe
op
era
tio
n a
nd
bu
ildin
g c
od
es.
Th
e S
olu
tio
n
The
ea
rly s
olu
tio
n t
o t
his
pro
ble
m w
as a
wa
ter
tan
k m
ou
nte
d o
n th
e to
p o
f a
bu
ildin
g w
ith
fill
pum
ps a
t th
e b
ottom
of
the b
uild
ing, a
sim
ple
gra
vity d
ow
n f
ee
d a
rran
ge
men
t.
Tod
ay,
a s
yste
m o
f p
ressu
re-r
ed
ucin
g v
alv
es a
nd
su
b-r
ise
rs a
re u
sed
to
man
age
th
e in
co
nsis
ten
t w
ate
r p
ressu
re th
rou
gh
ou
t a
skyscra
pe
r. P
ressu
re-r
ed
ucin
g v
alv
es r
ed
uce
th
e p
ressu
re a
t th
e b
otto
m o
f th
e b
uild
ing,
wh
ile s
ub
-ris
ers
in
cre
ase
th
e p
ressu
re fo
r th
e s
kyscra
pe
rs u
pp
er
floo
rs. T
od
ay's
syste
ms la
ck a
ma
in t
an
k,
bu
t ra
the
r in
tegra
te th
e w
ho
le s
yste
m w
ith
in a
bu
ildin
gs w
alls
an
d
ba
sem
en
t.
Wate
r p
ressu
re c
ontr
olli
ng d
evic
es a
re c
on
sta
ntly e
vo
lvin
g a
s n
ew
co
nce
rns a
bo
ut th
e e
nviro
nm
en
t a
rise
an
d th
e p
ub
lic’s
a
wa
ren
ess a
bo
ut gre
en
bu
ildin
g p
ractice
s in
cre
ase
s.
Dra
inag
e
Dra
ina
ge
is a
no
the
r com
mo
n issu
e in
skyscra
pe
rs,
an
d is o
ften
ju
st a
s d
ifficu
lt t
o s
olv
e a
s w
ate
r p
ressu
re p
rob
lem
s. W
hen
wa
ter
falls
ve
rtic
ally
do
wn
a p
ipe
, th
e w
ate
r w
ill a
dhe
re t
o th
e p
ipe
's w
alls
un
til th
e p
ipe
's c
ross s
ectio
na
l a
rea is a
bo
ut o
ne
-fou
rth
fu
ll.
On
ce
th
e g
ravity p
rop
elle
d w
ate
r h
its a
ho
rizo
nta
l be
nd in
th
e p
ipe
, th
e f
low
ve
locity d
rop
s d
ram
atica
lly,
an
d f
ills th
e p
ipe
co
nsid
era
bly
mo
re d
ue t
o th
e lo
st
spe
ed.
It is c
om
mon
pra
ctice
to u
se
re
lief
or
yo
ke
ve
nts
to
slo
w t
he
wa
ter
befo
re it
en
co
un
ters
a
- 21 -
ho
rizo
nta
l flo
w c
ha
nge
. T
he
pip
ing a
t th
e b
ase o
f a v
ert
ica
l d
rain
age
co
lum
n m
ust b
e s
ecu
red
, a
s t
o r
ed
uce
th
e r
isk o
f b
rea
kin
g
join
ts.
Ven
tin
g
Fo
r w
ate
r to
tra
ve
l d
ow
n a
ve
rtic
al p
ipe
, a
ir is n
ece
ssa
ry.
Air v
en
tila
tio
n m
ust b
e c
on
tro
lled
so
tha
t lo
w p
ressu
re z
on
es c
an
be
cre
ate
d,
an
d th
e f
low
of
wa
ter
can
con
tinu
e. T
he
lo
w p
ressu
re z
on
es s
ho
uld
not
be
pla
ce
d n
ea
r a f
ixtu
re,
or
els
e p
oo
r d
rain
age
co
uld
occu
r (o
fte
n r
ecogn
ize
d b
y a
gu
lpin
g s
ou
nd
an
d p
oo
r flo
w p
erf
orm
an
ce
). I
t is
ho
we
ve
r o
ka
y t
o p
lace
air v
en
ts in
the
fix
ture
s
them
se
lve
s t
o in
cre
ase w
ate
r flo
w.
Mate
rial
Mo
st
hig
h-r
ise
plu
mb
ing s
yste
ms u
se
Typ
e-L
co
ppe
r. O
n s
om
e v
ery
ta
ll b
uild
ings,
sta
inle
ss s
tee
l m
ust b
e u
sed
beca
use
of
the
e
xtr
a p
ressu
re.
Sk
ys
cra
pe
r D
am
pe
rs
Se
ism
ic a
ctivity o
ccu
rs e
ve
ry d
ay a
ll a
rou
nd
th
e e
art
h.
With
th
e g
row
ing
nu
mbe
r of
me
ga
str
uctu
res,
it i
s n
ece
ssa
ry t
o
ha
ve
pro
tection
. T
his
pro
tection
is n
ot
just
for
the
sa
ke
of
sa
vin
g
a
co
up
le
bill
ion
d
olla
rs
to
rebu
ild
or
rep
air
a
str
uctu
re, b
ut a
lso
se
rve
s t
o s
ave
hum
an
liv
es.
The
m
eth
od
of
pro
tectio
n
em
ph
asiz
ed
he
re
is
usin
g
da
mp
ers
to
kee
p a
bu
ildin
g f
rom
co
llap
sin
g.
The
re a
re t
hre
e d
iffe
ren
t ty
pe
s o
f da
mp
ers
: P
as
siv
e -
Th
is t
yp
e o
f d
am
pe
r d
oe
s n
ot
ne
ed
an
y e
xte
rna
l e
ne
rgy to
w
ork
. P
assiv
e d
am
pe
rs m
ay b
e ch
eap
er,
b
ut
ha
ve
lim
ite
d f
lexib
ility
to
me
et a
bu
ildin
g's
nee
ds.
Ac
tive
- A
n a
ctive
dam
pe
r u
se
s l
arg
e a
mo
un
ts o
f e
xte
rnal
en
erg
y t
o o
pe
rate
. T
his
dam
pe
r p
ush
es o
n t
he
bu
ildin
g t
o
co
un
tera
ct
the
m
otion
of
the
str
uctu
re.
As
the
bu
ildin
g
- 22 -
sw
ays o
ne
wa
y,
the
dam
pe
r p
ush
es in
th
e o
pp
osite
dire
ctio
n.
Se
mi-
Ac
tive
- T
his
typ
e d
oe
s n
ot n
eed
mu
ch
po
we
r a
nd
is f
ully
co
ntr
olla
ble
. S
em
i-a
ctive
da
mpe
rs d
o n
ot
pu
sh
on
th
e b
uild
ing;
the
y
on
ly c
ou
nte
ract
the
sw
ayin
g o
f it b
y m
ovin
g t
he
ir w
eig
ht
the
opp
osite w
ay o
f th
e b
uild
ing's
mo
tion
. In
fere
nc
es
/Co
nc
lus
ion
s
•
It h
as b
ee
n o
bse
rve
d th
at a
dop
tin
g s
tru
ctu
ral syste
ms in
ste
el a
ga
inst
co
ncre
te a
llow
s u
s to
bu
ild h
igh
er
num
be
r of
floo
rs
with
gre
ate
r e
ase
.
•
It h
as b
ee
n o
bse
rve
d th
at
the
prim
ary
re
aso
n f
or
sim
ple
bo
x r
esu
ltan
t (s
tackin
g p
late
ove
r p
late
) fo
rms is d
ue t
o th
e
ele
va
tors
. H
ad
th
ere
be
en
a r
ad
ica
lly d
iffe
rent fo
rm o
f ve
rtic
al circu
latio
n, it c
ou
ld h
ave
bee
n fa
irly
fe
asib
le t
o a
vo
id t
he s
tack
pla
te m
en
talit
y.
•
Mo
reo
ve
r it h
as b
een
ob
se
rve
d t
hat
sep
ara
ting t
he
co
res f
rom
the
ma
in b
uilt
fo
rm c
an r
esu
lt in
mo
re d
yn
am
ic fo
rms.
•
Re
ce
nt d
eve
lopm
ents
in
the
ele
va
tor
de
sig
n lik
e t
he
od
ysse
y s
yste
m b
y o
tis c
ou
ld b
e in
co
rpo
rate
d.
Su
ch
ele
va
tors
wh
ich
a
llow
fo
r lif
tin
g la
ne
s c
ou
ld r
ad
ica
lly a
lte
r th
e w
ay s
kyscra
pe
r d
esig
ns a
re p
erc
eiv
ed
to
da
y.
Fu
rth
er,
ele
ctr
om
agn
etic s
haft
s
are
be
ing d
eve
lop
ed
for
fire
safe
ty t
hro
ugh
wh
ich
eve
ry m
an
we
arin
g a
su
ita
ble
meta
llic v
est
ca
n ju
mp
in
fo
r co
ntr
olle
d
de
scen
t
•
If w
e u
nde
rsta
nd
the
skyscra
pe
rs t
od
ay a
s a
se
rie
s o
f sta
cked
mo
du
les in
fo
rm, o
ne
can
co
nsid
er
alte
rnative
ge
om
etr
ies fo
r th
e m
od
ule
s to
ach
ieve
the
sam
e d
yn
am
icity a
s m
en
tion
ed
ab
ove
. E
xte
nd
ing t
he
sa
me
no
tio
n,
inco
rpo
ratin
g t
ria
ngu
latio
n in
ge
om
etr
ic fo
rm c
an
als
o a
id in
bett
er
str
uctu
ral sta
bili
ty o
win
g t
o t
he tria
ngle
be
ing t
he m
ost sta
ble
fo
rm.
•
Win
d r
esis
tan
ce
can
be
ta
ckle
d b
ette
r b
y e
xp
osin
g t
he
th
inne
r en
d o
f th
e b
uilt
vo
lum
e in t
he
dire
ction
of
the
win
d (
avo
idin
g
exp
osin
g la
rge
r su
rfa
ce
are
a in
th
e w
ind
directio
n).
It h
as a
lso
be
en n
ote
d th
at in
co
rpo
rating la
rge
vo
ids w
ill a
lso
aid
in
re
sis
tin
g w
ind
eff
ects
. T
his
ca
n a
lso
be
com
e fe
asib
le if
the
mo
du
lar
form
is in
co
rpo
rate
d s
ince
on
e c
an
se
lective
ly d
ecid
e f
or
ce
rta
in m
odu
les to
be
ha
ve
as a
ids.
•
It h
as b
ee
n n
ote
d th
at o
win
g t
o h
ea
vy w
ind
pre
ssu
re o
n th
e u
ppe
r floo
rs,
ope
nin
g o
f w
ind
ow
s is n
ot a
po
ssib
ility
. O
ne
a
va
ilab
le a
lte
rna
tive
to
ke
ep
pe
op
le in t
he
up
pe
r flo
ors
con
ne
cte
d t
o th
e o
uts
ide is t
he
use
of
gla
ss in la
rge
am
oun
ts.
•
It is v
ery
ne
ce
ssa
ry t
o in
co
rpo
rate
la
rge
safe
ty f
acto
rs in t
he
str
uctu
ral d
esig
n a
s fa
r a
s s
eis
mic
re
sis
tan
ce
is c
on
ce
rne
d s
ince
the
site
is in
Ta
iwa
n w
hic
h is a
ve
ry h
igh
ris
k s
eis
mic
zo
ne
.
- 23 -
Researc
h
Se
rvic
e C
ore
s -
The
gu
idin
g f
orc
es in d
esig
n o
f a
skyscra
pe
r aft
er
the
fo
rm a
re th
e p
lace
me
nt of
the
co
res.
Se
rvic
e c
ore
—con
sis
t
of
the
ele
va
tors
, th
e e
leva
tor
sh
aft
s,
the
ele
va
tor
lobb
y,
sta
irca
se
s, to
ilets
, M
&E
se
rvic
e,
rise
r d
ucts
and
M&
E p
lan
t ro
om
s in s
om
e
ca
se
s.
Its s
tru
ctu
re c
an
als
o c
on
trib
ute
to
th
e s
tru
ctu
ral sta
bili
ty o
f th
e b
uild
ing.
Se
rvic
e c
ore
s t
yp
ica
lly c
on
tain
the
fo
llow
ing e
lem
en
ts:
•
Ele
va
tor
sh
aft
s (
inclu
siv
e o
f th
e e
leva
tor
ca
rs a
nd
equ
ipm
en
t in
sid
e th
em
)
•
Ele
va
tor
lob
by (
into
wh
ich
th
e e
leva
tor
shaft
s o
pen
)
•
Sta
irca
se
s (
usu
ally
co
nsis
tin
g o
f a m
ain
sta
irca
se
an
d a
n e
sca
pe
sta
irca
se
)
•
Fire
-pro
tecte
d lo
bb
ies (
wh
ere
the
se
are
re
qu
ire
d d
ep
en
din
g o
n t
he
co
nfigu
ratio
n a
nd
le
ve
l of
fire
pro
tectio
n, b
uild
ing t
yp
e
an
d s
ize
)
•
To
ilets
(w
hic
h u
su
ally
co
nsis
t of
ma
le a
nd f
em
ale
to
ilets
, d
isab
led
pe
rso
ns to
ilets
, a
nd e
xe
cu
tive
to
ilets
, w
he
re p
rovid
ed
)
•
An
cill
ary
ro
om
s s
uch a
s p
antr
y,
sp
ace
fo
r cle
an
ing m
ate
ria
ls,
wh
ere
th
ese
are
pro
vid
ed
•
Me
ch
an
ica
l ve
rtic
al se
rvic
es r
ise
r-d
ucts
, e
.g. fo
r e
lectr
ica
l po
we
r a
nd lig
htin
g d
istr
ibu
tio
n,
wa
ter
dis
trib
utio
n (
inclu
din
g b
oth
rise
r a
nd
dro
ppe
r p
ipes),
se
we
r a
ge
pip
es,
rain
wa
ter
do
wn
pip
es,
syste
m-m
ed
ium
pip
ing,
ho
t w
ate
r p
ipin
g, fire
fightin
g p
ipe
s
an
d e
qu
ipm
en
t, e
xh
aust
du
cts
, e
tc
•
Str
uctu
ral b
racin
g a
nd
sta
bili
ty,
ach
ieve
d in
the
ele
va
tor
shaft
and
sta
irca
se
de
sig
n
•
Me
ch
an
ica
l ve
rtic
al fire
-pro
tection
ris
ers
fo
r sprin
kle
rs,
ho
se
re
els
, w
et
and
dry
ris
ers
•
Ele
ctr
ica
l ve
rtic
al se
rvic
e r
ise
r fo
r po
we
r
•
Ele
ctr
ica
l ve
rtic
al se
rvic
e r
ise
r fo
r te
lecom
mun
ica
tio
ns a
nd
da
ta s
yste
ms
•
M&
E s
erv
ice
s p
lan
t ro
om
(w
he
re r
equ
ire
d fo
r a
ir h
and
ling u
nits, te
leco
mm
un
ica
tio
ns-d
istr
ibu
tio
n e
qu
ipm
en
t e
tc
- 24 -
•
Walls
(to
th
e s
erv
ice
co
re)
wh
ich
ca
n c
on
trib
ute
to
th
e s
tru
ctu
ral stiff
ne
ss o
f th
e b
uild
ing
Fu
nc
tio
n o
f th
e S
erv
ice
Co
re
•
Ach
ieve
ba
sic
eff
icie
ncy in
hu
man
mo
ve
me
nt a
nd
cre
ate
and
eff
icie
nt in
tern
al la
yo
ut to
ma
xim
ize
re
turn
s a
nd
sa
tisfy
th
e
requ
ire
me
nts
of
ve
rtic
al tr
an
sp
ort
and
th
e n
um
ero
us v
ert
ica
l se
rvic
e
sh
aft
s
•
Pro
vid
e t
he
prin
cip
al str
uctu
ral e
lem
en
t fo
r b
oth
the
gra
vity lo
ad
-
resis
tin
g s
yste
m a
nd late
ral lo
ad
-re
sis
tin
g s
yste
m (
with
the
la
tte
r
be
com
ing in
cre
asin
gly
im
po
rta
nt a
s th
e h
eig
ht of
the
bu
ildin
g
incre
ase
s—
it p
rovid
es t
he
stiff
ne
ss t
o r
estr
ict d
efle
ctio
ns a
nd
acce
lera
tion
s to
acce
pta
ble
le
ve
ls a
t th
e t
op
of
the b
uild
ing)
•
The
co
st of
a c
ore
fo
r a
typ
ica
l h
igh
-ris
e o
ffic
e b
uild
ing is e
stim
ate
d
to b
e a
rou
nd 3
8%
of
the
to
tal str
uctu
ral co
st or
4-5
% o
f th
e t
ota
l
de
ve
lop
me
nt co
st.
The
pla
ce
me
nt of
se
rvic
e c
ore
s is th
e m
ajo
r is
su
e to
be
ta
ckle
d w
he
n it
co
me
s t
o th
e f
loo
r p
late
eff
icie
ncy.
Se
rvic
e C
ore
Typ
es
an
d P
lace
me
nts
•
The
cen
tra
l co
re
- 25 -
•
The
sp
lit c
ore
•
The
en
d c
ore
•
The
atr
ium
co
re
Fo
r “s
he
ll a
nd
co
re”
con
str
uctio
n,
in g
ene
ral
•
gla
ss-t
o-g
lass d
ep
ths o
f u
p t
o 1
3.5
m f
or
floo
r p
late
s w
ith
sla
b-
to-s
lab
he
igh
ts o
f 3
.6--
4 m
,
•
or
gla
ss-t
o-c
ore
de
pth
of
6-1
2 m
with
a s
lab h
eig
ht
of
3.8
--4
.5
m
are
lik
ely
to
p
rovid
e
the
w
ide
st
of
se
rvic
ing
an
d
sp
ace
-
pla
nn
ing o
ption
s.
A t
ab
le o
f fe
w s
tud
ies is s
ho
wn
:
- 26 -
En
erg
y c
on
su
mp
tio
n o
f a
bu
ildin
g i
s g
rea
tly a
ffe
cte
d b
y t
he
pla
cem
ent
of
its se
rvic
e co
re.
Se
rvic
e co
re ca
n b
e p
lace
d to
se
rve
as s
ola
r b
uff
ers
, th
ere
by e
na
blin
g a
pa
ssiv
e l
ow
-en
erg
y
bio
clim
atica
lly r
esp
onsiv
e c
on
figu
ration
.
•
Sp
lit-
co
re v
s.
ce
ntr
al c
ore
a s
plit
-co
re d
esig
n h
as l
ow
er
co
olin
g l
oa
d t
ha
n a
cen
tra
l-co
re
de
sig
n (
the
co
res o
n t
he
ea
st
and
we
st
ele
va
tio
ns r
ed
uce
th
e
hig
h
so
lar
ga
in—
usua
lly
the
m
ain
co
nstitu
en
t of
the
coo
ling
loa
d--
to th
e b
uild
ing.
•
Bu
ild
ing
ori
en
tati
on
Lo
ngitu
din
al
N-S
a
rra
nge
men
t of
bu
ildin
g h
as a
ir-c
on
ditio
nin
g
loa
d g
rea
ter
than
E-W
arr
an
ge
men
t.
- 27 -
Ne
t a
nd
Gro
ss A
rea
De
fin
itio
ns
The
ne
t-to
-gro
ss e
ffic
ien
cy b
y b
uild
ing-t
yp
es: off
ice
bu
ildin
g >
75
% c
om
me
rcia
l re
al e
sta
te 8
0-8
5%
Gro
ss
Ex
tern
al
Are
a (
GE
A):
En
tire
flo
or-
pla
te a
rea
me
asu
red
fro
m t
he
ou
tsid
e e
dge
s o
f th
e e
xte
rna
l w
alls
. It
is u
se
d t
o d
efine
the
entire
bu
ilt-u
p a
rea
of
the
flo
or
pla
te.
Ne
t In
tern
al
Are
a (
NIA
):
En
tire
flo
or
me
asu
red
to
the
in
sid
e e
dge
s o
f th
e e
xte
rna
l w
alls
.
Ne
t In
tern
al
Are
a (
sin
gle
te
na
nc
y):
Me
asu
red f
rom
the
in
sid
e o
f th
e e
xte
rna
l w
all
an
d in
clu
de
s t
he
to
ilet a
rea
an
d e
leva
tor
lobb
ies in
th
e s
erv
ice
co
re.
Ne
t In
tern
al
Are
a (
do
ub
le t
en
an
cy):
Me
asu
red f
rom
the
in
sid
e o
f th
e e
xte
rna
l w
alls
, b
ut e
xclu
de
s th
e e
leva
tor
lobb
ies a
nd c
ircu
latio
n to
th
e e
sca
pe
sta
irca
se
s.
Pla
nt
an
d M
ain
ten
an
ce
are
as
:
Inclu
de
the
ele
va
tor
shaft
s,
se
rvic
e r
ise
r d
ucts
and
pla
nt
room
s,
are
as t
ha
t a
re m
ain
tain
ed b
y t
he
bu
ildin
g o
wn
er
or
lan
dlo
rd a
rea
. It
is u
sefu
l in
ten
an
cy c
on
tra
ct.
Flo
or-
Pla
te C
on
fig
ura
tio
n
Cla
ss
ic c
on
fig
ura
tio
n-c
en
tra
l c
ore
(B
efo
re m
id-6
0s 7
0s):
•
co
mm
on
flo
or-
pla
te d
esig
n w
as a
bo
ut
36
m s
qu
are
•
with
ap
pro
x 1
30
0 s
qm
GE
A
•
with
ap
pro
x 1
0.5
m e
dge
to
co
re d
ista
nce
•
ne
t-to
-gro
ss e
ffic
ien
cy p
er
flo
or-
pla
te 8
0-8
2%
- 28 -
Sid
e c
ore
co
nfi
gu
rati
on
:
•
two
or
mo
re b
an
ks o
f ele
va
tors
are
oft
en
used
•
ele
va
tors
are
de
sig
ne
d a
s a
syste
m o
f
•
do
ub
le/t
rip
le-z
on
ed b
an
ks w
ith
sky lo
bb
ies f
or
tra
nsfe
r floo
rs
•
Co
mm
on d
ep
th o
f 8
-10 m
(m
ea
su
red
fro
m in
sid
e o
f th
e e
xte
rna
l w
all
to t
he
in
tern
al w
all
of
the
se
rvic
e c
ore
) is
pre
ferr
ed
.
•
acce
ss to
win
do
ws,
su
nlig
ht,
vie
ws a
nd
ve
ntila
tio
n
•
fle
xib
le z
on
e,
ca
n b
e p
lan
ne
d a
nd
de
sig
ned
with
1.5
m g
rid
mod
ule
syste
m
Re
ce
nt
stu
die
s ind
ica
te t
hat
the
fu
rthe
st
dis
tan
ce
fro
m n
atu
ral da
ylig
ht
for
a d
esk o
r w
ork
su
rfa
ce
sho
uld
be
no
mo
re t
han
6 m
. T
his
lea
ds to
a n
arr
ow
er
and
mo
re r
ecta
ngu
lar
floo
r p
late
co
nfigu
ratio
n. H
ow
eve
r, in
re
alit
y,
the c
onfigu
ration
ne
ed n
ot b
e r
ectilin
ea
r.
- 29 -
Ca
se
stu
die
s
- 30 -
Ch
ap
ter
3
Read
ing
of
the p
rog
ram
- 31 -
Pro
ject
Co
nte
nts
Intr
od
ucti
on
Pro
gra
mm
ing a
nd
de
sig
n h
ave
a r
ecip
roca
l re
latio
nsh
ip,
ea
ch
ne
ce
ssa
rily
in
form
s t
he o
the
r. M
eth
od
s o
f d
raft
ing a
pro
gra
m a
re
un
iqu
e,
de
pen
din
g o
n a
num
be
r of
issu
es,
typ
e o
f p
roje
ct,
sca
le o
f p
roje
ct;
clie
nt
etc
. in
the
pre
sen
t sce
na
rio
bro
ad
outlin
es o
f th
e
pro
gra
m h
as b
ee
n d
erive
d f
rom
th
e p
rop
ose
d d
istr
ibu
tio
n o
f fu
nctio
ns a
nd
th
eir r
espe
ctive
vo
lum
es b
y t
he
pro
ject
arc
hite
ct.
Th
is is
from
an
ab
str
act of
the o
ffic
ially
re
lea
se
d fo
r th
e p
roje
ct
by t
he
Ta
iwa
n g
ove
rnm
en
t.
Fu
rth
er,
deta
iled
bre
akd
ow
n o
f th
e p
rogra
m h
as b
een
wo
rke
d o
ut
aft
er
a c
are
ful
an
aly
sis
of
the
fun
ctio
na
l re
qu
ire
men
ts a
nd
th
e
ma
xim
um
use
r cap
acity o
f th
e b
uild
ing.
A r
ela
tive
stu
dy o
f a
rea r
equ
ire
men
ts f
or
the
sp
ecifie
d f
un
ction
s i
n T
aiw
an
ha
s a
lso
be
en
un
de
rta
ken
an
d th
e s
tud
y in
co
rpo
rate
d in
th
e d
raft
ing o
f th
e p
rogra
m.
Sp
ac
e C
on
ten
ts
A. T
aiw
an
To
we
r
Ta
iwa
n T
ow
er
is p
lann
ed
to
be
at
lea
st
30
0-m
ete
r h
igh
fre
esta
nd
ing t
ow
er
with
sig
hts
ee
ing a
nd r
ecre
ation
al
fun
ction
s a
nd
as a
mo
de
l gre
en
bu
ildin
g.
An
en
viro
nm
en
tal qu
alit
y m
on
ito
rin
g s
tation
will
be
se
t up
fo
r u
se
by r
ela
ted
re
se
arc
he
rs a
nd a
s a
n R
&D
ba
se
for
fin
din
g n
ew
en
erg
y s
ou
rce
s s
uita
ble
fo
r th
e T
aic
hu
ng a
nd
Shu
ina
n a
rea
. T
he
re
co
mm
end
ed
tota
l floo
r a
rea
is a
pp
roxim
ate
ly
3,0
00
squ
are
m
ete
rs.
Th
e
requ
ire
d
are
as
are
: lo
bb
y,
info
rma
tion
cen
ter,
e
leva
tor
lobb
y,
sh
op
s,
foo
d
&
be
ve
rage
se
rvic
es,
ob
se
rva
torie
s,
en
viro
nm
enta
l qu
alit
y m
on
ito
rin
g s
tatio
n.
B. T
he M
use
um
of
Ta
ich
un
g C
ity D
eve
lop
men
t
- 32 -
The
Mu
se
um
of
Ta
ichu
ng C
ity D
eve
lop
me
nt
will
fe
atu
re e
xh
ibits o
n t
he
city’s
de
ve
lop
men
t in
clu
din
g its
his
tory
, p
lan
nin
g,
urb
an
and
rura
l tu
g-o
f-w
ar,
u
rban
d
esig
n a
nd p
lan
nin
g,
ind
ustr
ial
de
ve
lop
me
nt,
te
leco
mm
un
ica
tion
, se
we
rage
, fire
p
reve
ntio
n,
floo
d a
nd
dis
aste
r con
tro
l, t
ran
spo
rta
tio
n,
etc
. A
mod
el of
the
en
tire
city a
nd
op
en
pu
bic
pa
rtic
ipa
tio
n in
th
e u
rban
de
sig
n r
evie
w o
f th
e p
roje
ct
will
bo
th c
on
trib
ute
to
he
lp T
aic
hu
ng’s
citiz
en
s b
ett
er
un
de
rsta
nd
and
id
en
tify
with
th
e c
ity t
he
y liv
e in
. A
n e
nviro
nm
enta
l in
form
ation
ce
nte
r w
ill b
e a
lloca
ted
to p
rovid
e t
he e
du
ca
tio
n p
rom
otion
s s
uch a
s e
ne
rgy c
on
se
rva
tio
n,
ca
rbon
red
uction
, a
nd e
co
logic
al
city.
The
re
com
men
ded
to
tal
flo
or
are
a f
or
the
mu
seum
is a
pp
roxim
ate
ly 5
,00
0 s
qu
are
mete
rs.
Th
e r
oom
pro
gra
m f
or
Mu
seu
m o
f
Ta
ichu
ng C
ity D
eve
lop
me
nt
inclu
de
s:
lob
by,
se
rvic
e c
ou
nte
r, e
xh
ibitio
n r
oom
s, m
ultifu
nction
al a
rea
, an
d o
ffic
es.
C.
Off
ice
s fo
r th
e D
epart
me
nt
of
Urb
an
De
ve
lop
me
nt, T
aic
hu
ng C
ity G
ove
rnm
en
t
A t
ota
l flo
or
are
a o
f 1
0,0
00
squ
are
me
ters
is r
eco
mm
en
de
d fo
r off
ices,
mee
tin
g r
oom
s, a
rchiv
es,
pu
blic
fa
cili
tie
s, e
tc.
D.
Re
nta
ble
off
ice
sp
ace
fo
r com
me
rcia
l pu
rpo
se
s to
be
12
000
0 s
qua
re m
ete
rs.
TO
WE
R A
RE
AS
Sp
ac
e
Desc
rip
tio
n
Ap
pro
xim
ate
are
a (
sq
m)
No
tes o
n s
izin
g
1F
Lob
by
Main
access f
or
vis
itors
. T
o c
reate
a s
pacio
us a
nd im
pre
ssiv
e
lob
by,
a m
inim
um
heig
ht cle
ara
nce o
f 6m
is r
ecom
mended
, w
ith
adde
d h
eig
ht
in s
om
e a
rea
s f
or
extr
a e
ffect.
500
Experi
ence f
rom
sim
ilar
pu
blic
build
ings
suggests
a m
in. cap
acity o
f 120 p
ers
ons.
(ca. 3 tour
buses)
Info
rmation C
entr
e
Locate
d a
dja
ce
nt to
the
lob
by t
o p
rovid
e v
isitors
w/ serv
ices incl.
info
rmation, t i c k
e t i n
g a
n d
t
ou r
s ; i n
c l u
d e
s
an
info
rmation d
esk, off
ices a
nd s
tora
ge
. 120
Consid
er
the n
o. of
que
uin
g v
isitors
durin
g
peak h
ours
; a
llow
for
ade
quate
off
ice a
nd
sto
rage s
pace
Ele
va
tor
Lobb
y
Sho
uld
be
fle
xib
le in s
ize d
ue to
the
vary
ing n
o.
of
vis
itors
at
diffe
rent tim
e; consid
er
co
mbin
ing w
ith t
he m
ain
lob
by b
ut e
nsure
good
spatial separa
tio
n to
avo
id inte
rfere
nce
75
Consid
er
the n
o. of
que
uin
g
vis
itors
duri
ng p
eak h
ours
and leng
th o
f queu
e lin
es
- 33 -
Sho
ps
For
sale
s o
f T
aiw
an-
or
Taic
hung-t
hem
ed
souve
nirs
100
“Sm
all
and
be
autifu
l”; a
llow
for
sto
rage s
pace b
esid
es d
isp
lay
and c
ash
ier
space
Food &
Bevera
ges
Consid
er
pro
vid
ing t
wo s
ep
ara
te a
reas,
one a
s r
esta
ura
nts
with a
vie
w o
n h
igher
levels
for
ling
erin
g v
isitors
, th
e o
ther
for
speed
ier
serv
ices o
n lo
w le
ve
ls.
400
Consid
er
space f
or
sto
rag
e, cookin
g
etc
. an
d inde
pen
den
t circula
tio
n f
or
goods,
garb
age a
nd
pe
op
le; allo
w f
or
adeq
uate
din
ing s
pace a
nd
seating.
Observ
ato
ries
Observ
ato
ries m
ay b
e locate
d o
n d
iffe
rent le
vels
, or
co
mbin
ed
with a
sky
gard
en a
nd s
imple
refr
eshm
ent serv
ices to c
reate
a
charm
ing lookout in
th
e s
ky.
800
Experi
ence f
rom
oth
er
observ
ato
ries
aro
un
d th
e w
orl
d s
ug
gests
a d
esig
n
capacity o
f 15
0-2
00
pe
ople
.
En
viro
nm
ent Q
ualit
y
Mon
itori
ng S
yste
ms
I n a
d d
i t i o
n t o
mo n
i t o
r i n
g t h
e e
nviro
nm
enta
l qua
litie
s o
f th
e S
hu
inan a
rea, consid
er
add
ing t
he f
unction o
f an e
xperim
enta
l sta
tio
n f
or
ne
w e
nerg
y s
ourc
es (
e.g
. a
ltern
ative o
r re
ne
wable
energ
y)
450
Inclu
des m
achin
ery
/equ
ipm
ent
room
s, off
ices, la
bs, sto
rag
e a
nd
multifunctiona
l ro
om
s (
for
meetings, op
en
houses o
r exhib
its
Com
merc
ial O
ffic
e
Space
The r
enta
ble
off
ice s
pace in the
to
wer
for
big
ger
corp
ora
tions w
ho
would
lik
e to o
me to th
e to
wer
for
it b
ein
g ico
nic
. 1200
00
TO
TA
L
1224
45
Add 4
0%
for
wa
lls,
part
itio
ns a
nd o
ther
serv
ices
4897
8
GR
AN
D T
OT
AL
1714
23
No. of
lifts
required
Acc. T
o U
BC
th
e lifts
requir
ed f
or
a s
kys
cra
per
are
to b
e d
esig
ne
d
as 1
lift per
45
00 s
qm
1714
23 /
45
00
38.0
94
SA
Y
40
- 34 -
MU
SE
UM
AR
EA
S
Sp
ac
e
Desc
rip
tio
n
Ap
pro
xim
ate
are
a (
sq
m)
No
tes o
n s
izin
g
1F
Lob
by
Main
access f
or
vis
itors
. T
o c
reate
a
spacio
us a
nd im
pre
ssiv
e lo
bb
y,
som
e a
reas m
ay
be a
ccentu
ate
d w
ith
extr
a h
eig
ht.
350
Experi
ence f
rom
sim
ilar
pro
jects
suggests
an a
ppro
x. cap
acity o
f 80 p
eop
le. (c
a.
2 to
ur
buses)
Info
rmation
Cente
r
Locate
d a
dja
ce
nt to
the
lob
by t
o p
rovid
e v
isitors
w/s
erv
ices incl.
info
rmation a
nd
tours
; th
e s
cale
and s
izin
g o
f th
e info
desk s
hould
be
user-
frie
ndly
50
Inclu
des a
n info
rmation d
esk
as w
ell
as s
tora
ge s
pace
Exhib
itio
n
Are
a
Diffe
rent halls
to b
e d
esig
ned f
or
vari
ous t
hem
es (
e.g
. city,
peo
ple
, environm
ent, d
evelo
pm
ent &
constr
uction)
and a
rrang
ed in c
hro
nolo
gic
al
ord
er
(past, p
resent,
futu
re);
spatial pla
nn
ing
to b
e d
one s
epara
tely
based o
n e
xh
ibit m
eth
ods
& c
onte
nt; e
xhib
it m
eth
ods m
ay inclu
de a
ctu
al/virtu
al m
odels
, in
tera
ctive
multi-m
edia
dis
pla
ys,
dra
win
gs &
texts
. 3000
The s
izes o
f th
e e
xhib
it a
rea a
re t
o b
e
specifie
d s
ep
ara
tely
base
d o
n th
e n
eeds o
f th
e f
utu
re m
anagem
ent a
gency.
An
environm
ent in
fo c
ente
r is
to b
e inclu
de
d to
pro
mote
energ
y c
onserv
ation, carb
on
reductio
n a
nd e
co-c
ity.
Multifunctiona
l A
rea
For
use in v
ario
us e
vents
and s
pecia
l exhib
its; consid
er
adju
sta
ble
part
itio
nin
g
250
Consid
er
the s
patia
l re
quire
ment fo
r an
exhib
it &
30-p
eo
ple
lectu
re s
imultaneously
held
Off
ices
Inclu
des o
ff ices, m
eet in
g r
oom
s &
lo
ungin
g a
rea f
or
museum
sta
ff
350
Allo
w f
or
at
least 8
� o
f off
ice s
pace p
er
pers
on, p
lus m
eetin
g r
oom
and lou
ng
ing
are
a
TO
TA
L
4000
Add 4
0%
for
wa
lls,
part
itio
ns a
nd o
ther
serv
ices
1600
GR
AN
D T
OT
AL
5600
- 35 -
GO
VE
RN
ME
NT
OF
FIC
E A
RE
AS
Ro
om
nam
e
No
. C
ap
acit
y (
No
. o
f p
eo
ple
) A
rea (
sq
m)
Are
a s
ub
tota
l (s
qm
) D
esc
rip
tio
n
Directo
r -
Gen
era
l's O
ffic
e
1
1
60
60
Deputy
Directo
r -
Ge
nera
l's
Off
ice
1
2
45
90
Chie
f E
ng
ine
er
1
2
30
60
inclu
din
g D
epu
ty
Chie
f S
ecre
tary
1
1
30
30
Com
mitte
e O
ffic
e
1
1
20
20
Tow
n P
lann
ing S
ection
1
20
8
160
Tow
n P
lann
ing D
ep
art
ment
A F
ew
150
8
1200
inclu
din
g c
hie
f
Build
ing V
iola
tions
Enfo
rcem
ent S
ectio
n
1
20
8
160
Build
ing V
iola
tions
Enfo
rcem
ent B
riga
de
A f
ew
75
8
600
Build
ing a
dm
inis
tration
section
1
28
8
224
Build
ing A
dm
inis
tratio
n
Dept.
1
220
8
1760
inclu
din
g c
hie
f
Pub
lic H
ousin
g &
Urb
an
Rene
wal S
ection
1
20
8
160
- 36 -
Pub
lic H
ousin
g &
Urb
an
Rene
wal D
ep
art
ment
A f
ew
115
8
920
inclu
din
g c
hie
f
City &
Bu
ildin
g
Develo
pm
ent R
esearc
h
Cente
r 1
5
8
40
Urb
an D
evelo
pm
ent
Div
isio
n
1
5
8
40
Build
ing A
dm
inis
tratio
n
Div
isio
n
1
5
8
40
Com
munity B
uild
ing
Div
isio
n
1
5
8
40
Info
rmation M
an
agem
ent
Off
ice
1
7
8
56
Accounting O
ffic
e
1
12
8
96
Pers
onn
el O
ffic
e
1
6
8
48
Secre
tari
at
1
28
8
224
Civ
il S
erv
ant
Eth
ics O
ffic
e
1
4
8
32
Larg
e M
ee
tin
g R
oom
1
100
300
300
Med
ium
Meeting R
oom
2
60
150
300
Sm
all
Me
eting R
oom
4
30
80
320
Arc
hiv
es &
Sto
rage
1
200
200
TO
TA
L
7180
Add 4
0%
for
circula
tion,
wa
lls a
nd o
ther
serv
ices
2872
Gra
nd
to
tal
1005
2
- 37 -
- 38 -
INF
ER
EN
CE
S /
CO
NC
LU
SIO
NS
•
The
pro
gra
m w
he
n o
bse
rve
d c
are
fully
in
co
rpo
rate
s a
ve
ry h
igh
circu
latio
n a
rea.
It is o
f u
tmo
st
impo
rta
nce
to
be
ab
le to
re
sp
ond
to t
his
with
the
gre
ate
st of
ca
ution
.
•
The
pro
gra
m in
a b
road
se
nse
con
tain
s 3
ma
in f
un
ctio
ns a
nd
in
cid
enta
lly t
he
site
is a
rig
id g
eo
me
try.
It is p
ossib
le to
ta
ke
cu
es f
rom
th
e c
oin
cid
en
ce
he
re.
•
The
pro
gra
m s
ho
ws a
he
avy r
equ
ire
me
nt
of
sp
ace
or
se
rvic
es.
Th
ere
is a
n im
me
dia
te n
ece
ssity t
o lo
ok into
exis
tin
g
typ
olo
gie
s o
f h
igh
ris
e d
esig
n,
to b
e a
ble
to
co
mp
reh
en
d th
e w
ays a
nd
me
an
s to
ha
nd
le s
uch
sp
ace
s.
•
Su
ch
a la
rge
pro
gra
m c
an
be
as a
n u
rban
desig
n d
eve
lop
me
nt b
ut in
the
ve
rtic
al se
nse.
It is im
po
rta
nt to
be
ab
le to
re
sp
on
d
bo
ldly
to
su
ch a
rea
dis
trib
utio
ns a
nd n
ot
ge
t ca
ugh
t w
ith
sm
all
ge
stu
res t
ha
t do
no
t co
ntr
ibute
to
an
yth
ing in
the
big
ge
r se
nse
.
•
The
pro
gra
m d
ire
ctly in
dic
ate
s th
e r
equ
ire
ment
of
fund
am
enta
l p
rovis
ion
s lik
e f
ire
safe
ty,
etc
. in
the
eve
ntu
al tr
an
sla
tio
n o
f th
e p
rogra
m in
to d
esig
n;
on
e m
ust cle
arly b
e a
ble
to
de
mo
nstr
ate
han
dlin
g o
f su
ch
esse
ntial se
rvic
es.
- 39 -
C
HA
PT
ER
4
Read
ing
of
the S
ite
- 40 -
Pro
ject
Sit
e
The
Pro
ject
site
is in
clu
ded
with
in t
he
Ta
ich
un
g G
ate
wa
y P
ark
. T
he
site
are
a s
tre
tch
es e
ast
to R
oa
d 3
0M
-83
, w
est
to P
ark
Ave
nue
3
, e
xte
nd
ing n
ort
h t
o the
so
uth
ed
ge
of
the
Cultu
ral B
usin
ess D
istr
ict, s
ou
th t
o t
he
no
rth
bo
rde
r of
Gre
en
Spa
ce
4, a
nd
exte
nd
s
ea
stw
ard
s e
nclo
sin
g P
ark
13
9.
S
ite C
on
text
Acco
rdin
g t
o th
e a
pp
rove
d u
rba
n p
lann
ing,
the
zo
nin
g f
or
the
pro
ject site
is “
Pa
rk”,
pa
rce
l nu
mbe
r “P
ark
13
9”.
S
ite L
ocati
on
T
he
Pro
ject
site
is in
clu
ded
with
in t
he
Ce
ntr
al P
ark
of T
aic
hun
g G
ate
wa
y P
ark
, T
aic
hun
g C
ity.
It is p
lan
ne
d to
be u
se
d b
y T
aiw
an
T
ow
er,
Th
e M
use
um
of
Ta
ich
un
g C
ity D
eve
lop
men
t, a
nd
Off
ice
s f
or
the
Dep
art
me
nt
of
Urb
an
De
ve
lopm
en
t, T
aic
hu
ng C
ity
Go
ve
rnm
ent.
Fo
otp
rin
t o
f th
e B
uil
din
gs
The
foo
tprint
of
the
bu
ildin
gs s
ha
ll n
ot
exce
ed 1
he
cta
re in p
rin
cip
le.
Bu
ild
ing
Heig
ht
Lim
it
The
Pro
ject’s b
uild
ing m
axim
al he
igh
t is
not
restr
icte
d, a
nd
its
lo
ca
tio
n is n
ot
with
in h
eig
ht
regu
latio
ns fo
r a
ir t
raff
ic c
on
tro
l.
Setb
ack R
eq
uir
em
en
t T
he
bu
ildin
g s
ha
ll se
tba
ck a
lon
g w
ith
th
e a
dja
ce
nt
Roa
d 3
0M
-83
and P
ark
Ave
nue
3 fo
r at
lea
st 1
0m
in
de
pth
ba
nd
-typ
e o
pen
sp
ace
. T
he
ban
d-t
yp
e o
pen
sp
ace
setb
acks s
ho
uld
be
co
nn
ecte
d w
ith
ea
ch
oth
er.
A s
mo
oth
gro
un
d e
leva
tio
n is r
equ
ire
d a
nd
th
e
are
a m
ay n
ot co
nstr
uct b
arr
iers
su
ch
as w
alls
or
fen
ce
s o
r fa
cili
tie
s s
uch
as b
alc
on
ies r
oofs
or
ca
nop
ies. In
ad
ditio
n t
o th
e
esta
blis
hm
en
t of
str
ee
t fu
rnitu
re a
nd
gre
en
lan
dscap
ing f
acili
tie
s,
the
are
a s
ha
ll b
e d
ed
icate
d fo
r p
ed
estr
ian
s in
prin
cip
le.
Req
uir
em
en
t o
f O
pen
Sp
ace R
eserv
ati
on
fo
r th
e B
ou
nd
ary
of
Park
Are
a
- 41 -
The
re
qu
ire
d o
pen
space
re
se
rva
tio
n fo
r th
e B
ou
nd
ary
of
Pa
rk A
rea is s
ho
wn
in
Fig
.
F
ig.
Re
qu
ire
me
nt of
Op
en
Sp
ace
Re
se
rva
tio
n f
or
the
Bo
un
da
ry o
f P
ark
Are
a
Req
uir
em
en
t o
f O
verp
ass C
orr
ido
r an
d P
ed
estr
ian
P
art
of
the
are
a is r
equire
d t
o in
sta
ll o
ve
rpa
ss c
orr
ido
r o
r p
ed
estr
ian. T
he
lo
catio
n a
nd
dim
en
sio
n a
re s
ho
wn
in
Fig
.
- 42 -
F
ig.
Re
qu
ire
me
nt of
ove
rpa
ss c
orr
ido
r a
nd p
ed
estr
ian
E
co
log
ical E
nvir
on
men
t In
ad
ditio
n,
to p
rom
ote
th
e a
ctive
re
sp
on
se
of T
aic
hu
ng G
ate
wa
y P
ark
to
wa
rd e
co
logic
al is
su
es o
f th
e e
nviro
nm
ent, t
he P
roje
ct h
as
furt
he
r su
rpa
ssed
th
e r
egu
late
d m
ajo
r 9
ind
ica
tors
fo
r a
gre
en
bu
ildin
g b
y t
he
la
w,
an
d in
ten
sifie
d th
e r
ela
tio
ns o
f th
e b
uild
ing s
ite
w
ith
th
e s
urr
ou
nd
ing T
aic
hu
ng C
entr
al P
ark
; th
ese
in
clu
de:
en
viro
nm
enta
l in
tegra
tio
n o
f th
e T
aiw
an
To
we
r w
ith
th
e p
ark
and
gre
en
la
nd
, in
tegra
tio
n o
f gre
en
ve
rtic
al p
latfo
rms a
nd
gre
en
roof
pla
tfo
rms,
inte
ractio
n r
esp
on
se w
ith
hu
man
e a
nd
na
tura
l e
nviro
nm
en
ts,
active
ly d
eve
lop
the
usin
g o
f n
ew
en
erg
y,
em
ph
asiz
e in
coe
xis
ten
ce a
nd a
re
sp
ectfu
l a
ttitud
e a
s t
o o
bta
in e
ve
n h
igh
er
sta
nda
rds
with
gre
en
bu
ildin
gs a
s g
oa
l.
Urb
an
Desig
n R
evie
w
- 43 -
Fu
rth
erm
ore
in
ord
er
to m
ee
t w
ith
the
ove
rall
de
ve
lopm
ent
an
d e
co
logic
al la
nd
scap
e r
equ
ire
men
ts in
acco
rda
nce w
ith
th
e
requ
ire
me
nt of
Ta
ich
un
g G
ate
wa
y P
ark
De
ve
lop
ing P
lan
, th
e d
esig
n o
f d
eve
lopm
en
t an
d c
on
str
uction
pro
jects
with
in t
he
pla
nn
ing
are
a a
re t
o b
e s
ubm
itte
d to
the
Ta
ichu
ng U
rba
n D
esig
n R
evie
w C
om
mitte
e f
or
ap
pro
va
l befo
re a
pp
lyin
g f
or
bu
ildin
g p
erm
it. It
is
ho
pe
d th
at th
e p
urp
ose
s o
f T
aiw
an
To
we
r a
nd
Mu
se
um
of
Ta
ich
un
g C
ity D
eve
lop
men
t sh
all
in t
he
fu
ture
com
bin
e w
ith
Ta
ich
un
g
Ga
tew
ay P
ark
as a
n inte
gra
ted
de
ve
lopm
ent
to b
eco
me
Ta
ichu
ng’s
ne
w la
nd
ma
rk.
An
aly
sis
of
Tra
ffic
an
d S
urr
ou
nd
ing
En
vir
on
men
t A
. C
urr
en
t sta
tus o
f P
roje
ct
site a
nd
su
rro
un
din
g la
nd
use
.
The
cu
rre
nt
sta
tus o
f th
e P
roje
ct
site a
nd
su
rro
un
din
g lan
d is c
om
bin
ed
of
old
mili
tary
in
sta
llatio
ns a
nd
a f
orm
er
airp
ort
site
, m
ost
ha
ve
be
en
dis
co
ntinu
ed
. T
he s
tatu
s o
f th
e r
em
ain
ing lan
d is m
ostly f
or
ind
ustr
ial a
nd
agricu
ltu
ral u
sa
ge
. B
. L
oca
l ou
twa
rd c
on
ne
ctio
n tra
ffic
syste
m
The
Pro
ject
site
is n
ea
r th
e in
terc
ha
nge
s o
f Z
ho
ngqin
g a
nd
Zh
on
gga
ng,
an
d jo
intly w
ith
th
e m
ajo
r ro
ad
s s
uch
as W
en
xin
Ro
ad
, th
e
Ta
ichu
ng-C
ha
ngh
ua
Exp
ressw
ay,
Ta
ichu
ng P
ort
Ro
ad
an
d Z
ho
ngqin
g R
oa
d t
o fo
rm a
lo
op
ed r
oad
ne
two
rk lin
kin
g t
o t
he
ad
jace
nt
regio
ns. T
he
ou
twa
rd c
onn
ectio
n
rou
tes in
clu
de H
ua
nzho
ng R
oa
d
(80
M),
Zh
on
gqin
g R
oa
d (
30
M),
Lim
ing R
oa
d (
20
M),
He
nan
Roa
d (
25M
), W
en
xin
Ro
ad (
40M
) a
nd
Min
ha
ng R
oa
d (
30
M).
In
ad
ditio
n,
the
Ta
ich
un
g C
ity G
ove
rnm
en
t h
as c
om
ple
ted
the
Ea
st
Exp
ressw
ay (
Ce
ntr
al T
aiw
an
Scie
nce
Pa
rk -
60
M)
in r
ecen
t ye
ars
, a
nd
th
e
revis
ed
urb
an
pla
nn
ing f
or
the
30
M R
oa
d lo
cate
d a
t th
e s
ou
th s
ide o
f e
lem
en
tary
sch
oo
l la
nd
are
a 5
6. T
he
ro
ad
netw
ork
pro
vid
es
Ta
ichu
ng G
ate
wa
y P
ark
th
e im
po
rta
nt
ba
ckb
on
e o
f ea
st-
we
st
an
d n
ort
h-s
ou
th o
utw
ard
co
nne
ctio
ns.
- 44 -
C
. T
aic
hu
ng C
ity -
Ta
ich
un
g H
arb
or
Ele
va
tio
n
Ta
ichu
ng R
ailw
ay S
tatio
n is a
bo
ut
80
me
ters
hig
h a
bo
ve
sea
le
ve
l, e
leva
tin
g t
ow
ard
we
st,
wh
ere
th
e P
roje
ct
site is a
bou
t 1
10
me
ters
hig
h a
bo
ve
se
a le
ve
l. C
on
tin
uin
g to
exte
nd w
estw
ard
an
d c
rossin
g t
he
Na
tion
al H
igh
wa
y N
o.
1 a
nd
fu
rthe
r e
xte
nd
s to
Dad
u
mo
un
tain
, th
e e
leva
tion
is a
t a
pp
roxim
ate
ly 2
00
~2
90m
abo
ve
se
a leve
l. F
rom
lo
okin
g t
ow
ard
we
st
Da
du
mo
un
tain
, yo
u s
ha
ll b
e
ab
le to
see
th
e T
aic
hun
g H
arb
or
and
the
Ta
iwa
n S
tra
it.
- 45 -
Taic
hu
ng
Gate
way P
ark
A
. T
he P
ark
are
a w
ill d
eve
lop
to
wa
rds th
e d
ire
ctio
n o
f “T
aic
hu
ng G
ate
wa
y P
ark
”, a
nd
ach
ievin
g t
he
de
ve
lop
ing g
oa
l in
econ
om
ic
an
d tra
de,
inno
va
tio
n R
&D
, cu
ltu
re a
nd e
co
logy.
Th
e m
ain
fu
nctio
ns in
clu
de f
ive
ma
in c
ate
go
rie
s:
Inte
rna
tion
al eco
nom
ic a
nd
tra
de
d
istr
ict,
In
no
va
tio
n R
&D
dis
tric
t, E
co
Re
sid
entia
l D
istr
ict,
Cu
ltu
ral B
usin
ess D
istr
ict,
and
Cen
tra
l P
ark
. B
. D
istr
ict
develo
pin
g c
on
cep
ts
Ta
ichu
ng G
ate
wa
y P
ark
is e
sta
blis
he
d w
ith
a la
rge
are
a o
f gre
en
op
en
sp
ace
allo
ca
ted
at th
e c
ente
r a
s its
ma
in the
me,
to f
orm
a
larg
e a
nd
mea
nde
rin
g r
egio
n,
pen
etr
atin
g C
en
tra
l P
ark
fro
m n
ort
h t
o s
ou
th. T
he
pla
nn
ing o
f C
en
tra
l P
ark
’s s
urr
ou
nd
ings is d
ivid
ed
in
to fo
ur
fun
ction
al a
rea
s: T
he c
on
ve
nie
nt
traff
ic a
rea
at
the
no
rth s
ide
, w
hic
h is a
dja
ce
nt to
Da
ya
In
terc
han
ge
of
Na
tio
na
l H
igh
wa
y
No
. 1
an
d T
aic
hun
g-C
ha
ngh
ua
Exp
ressw
ay,
sh
all
be d
eve
lope
d into
an
Ga
tew
ay D
istr
ict
as t
he
ma
in t
hem
e; th
e e
xis
tin
g
se
ttle
me
nts
at th
e w
est
sid
e is to
be
de
ve
lop
me
nt
into
an
Eco
Re
sid
en
tia
l D
istr
ict;
the
ma
in th
em
e a
t th
e e
ast
sid
e is b
ased
on
T
aic
hu
ng g
ree
n p
ark
wa
y (
Pa
rk A
ve
nu
e 3
), form
ing a
Cu
ltu
ral B
usin
ess D
istr
ict
fea
ture
d w
ith
fin
e q
ua
lity s
tore
s;
the
sou
th s
ide
sh
all
be
de
ve
lop
ed in
to a
n In
no
va
tio
n R
&D
Dis
tric
t, e
sta
blis
he
d w
ith
un
ive
rsitie
s/c
olle
ge
s a
nd
rese
arc
h in
stitu
tes t
o b
eco
me a
n C
olle
ge
T
ow
n.
(
A)
Ce
ntr
al P
ark
T
o c
rea
te a
dis
tin
ctive
, u
niq
ue
an
d a
pro
ject
pla
n w
hic
h c
an
reta
in f
lexib
ility
in
de
ve
lop
me
nt, t
he
pla
n f
irst
dep
icts
th
e e
xte
rio
r of
the
p
ark
to
sh
ap
e a
un
iqu
e a
ppe
ara
nce
an
d a
n e
asily
to
id
en
tify
la
ndm
ark
sce
ne
ry o
f T
aic
hu
ng.
It c
an
be
see
n c
lea
rly f
rom
th
e s
ky o
r b
y t
he
ne
arb
y t
all
bu
ildin
gs.
Its w
ind
ing b
ord
erlin
e c
an a
lso
in
cre
ase
th
e in
tera
ction
of
the
surr
ou
nd
ing c
om
mu
nitie
s w
ith
th
e p
ark
. T
aic
hu
ng C
entr
al P
ark
fe
atu
res “
am
en
ity”,
“e
co
logy”,
“sce
ne
ry”,
“d
isa
ste
r re
du
ctio
n”,
“ca
rbon
re
du
ctio
n”,
an
d “
leis
ure
”. I
n a
dd
itio
n to
p
rovid
ing t
he
pub
lic a
nd
tou
rists
a p
lace
fo
r le
isu
re,
recre
atio
n,
sp
ort
s a
nd c
ultu
ral a
rts a
ctivitie
s,
mo
re im
po
rtan
tly it
ren
ova
tes th
e
pa
st
ima
ge
of
the
ha
rd c
em
en
t a
irp
ort
pa
ve
men
t an
d s
ingle
-typ
e p
lantin
g,
an
d r
esto
res th
e a
rea
with
a d
ive
rse
la
ndsca
pe
, a
n u
rban
o
asis
as a
ha
bit fo
r (
B)
Ga
tew
ay D
istr
ict
The
Gate
wa
y D
istr
ict
sh
all
be a
n in
tegra
ted
de
ve
lop
ed
are
a c
om
po
se
d w
ith
th
e in
tern
ationa
l co
nve
ntion
cen
ter,
in
tern
atio
na
l-gra
de
h
ote
ls, sh
op
pin
g c
en
ter
are
a,
tran
spo
rta
tion
ce
nte
r, f
inan
cia
l cen
ter,
an
d b
usin
ess h
ea
dquart
ers
. T
he
dis
tric
t is
lo
ca
ted a
t th
e n
ort
h
sid
e o
f T
aic
hun
g G
ate
wa
y P
ark
, b
ein
g a
n im
po
rta
nt
ga
tew
ay t
o c
onn
ect T
aiw
an
cen
tra
l re
gio
n t
o th
e w
orld
. T
he
in
tern
atio
na
l co
nve
ntio
n c
en
ter
an
d tra
nsp
ort
atio
n c
ente
r sh
all
be d
eve
lope
d b
y t
he
City G
ove
rnm
ent
or
co
nstr
ucte
d v
ia a
B
OT
pro
ject a
pp
roa
ch
.
- 46 -
(C
) In
no
va
tio
n R
&D
Dis
tric
t A
s t
he in
ter-
con
ne
ctio
n a
cro
ss t
he
Ta
iwa
n S
tra
its is b
eco
min
g m
ore
an
d m
ore
fre
qu
en
t, th
e c
om
pe
tition
am
on
g c
itie
s w
ill b
eco
me
e
ve
n m
ore
sig
nific
an
t. T
o e
nh
an
ce
th
e c
ity’s
co
mpe
titive
ne
ss, th
e c
ity r
equ
ire
s t
he
ca
pab
ility
in
in
no
va
tio
n r
esea
rch
. T
he
tra
ffic
betw
ee
n t
he a
rea
an
d C
en
tra
l T
aiw
an
Scie
nce
Pa
rk is c
onve
nie
nt,
wh
ere
un
ive
rsitie
s/c
olle
ge
s a
nd
re
se
arc
h in
stitu
tes
are
alre
ad
y u
nd
er
de
ve
lopm
ent.
F
urt
he
rmo
re a
s C
en
tral P
ark
pro
vid
e t
he
mo
st su
ita
ble
re
sid
en
tia
l envir
on
men
t, th
e a
rea s
ha
ll b
e e
xtr
em
ely
att
ractive
to
re
se
arc
h
ma
np
ow
er,
and
the
refo
re t
he
are
a is p
lan
ne
d a
s a
n I
nn
ova
tio
n R
&D
Dis
tric
t.
In a
dd
itio
n a
s b
ein
g a
ca
mpu
s e
xp
an
sio
n o
f th
e c
olle
ge
s o
r th
e e
sta
blis
hm
en
t of
bra
nche
s a
mon
g T
aiw
an
ce
ntr
al re
gio
n,
the a
rea
sh
ou
ld a
lso
active
ly in
vite
natio
na
l re
se
arc
h institu
tio
ns,
inno
va
tio
n r
ese
arc
h a
nd
in
cu
ba
tio
n c
en
ters
. In
ad
ditio
n, b
ase
d o
n th
e v
iew
of
resou
rce
-sh
arin
g,
a c
o-e
du
ca
tin
g a
rea c
an b
e c
on
sid
ere
d a
nd
to
esta
blis
h a
pro
fessio
na
l lib
rary
an
d in
tern
atio
nal a
ca
de
mic
e
xch
an
ge
ce
nte
r. F
urt
he
r m
ore
, to
pro
vid
e t
he
peo
ple
in
in
no
va
tive
re
se
arc
h w
ith
com
ple
te liv
ing f
un
ction
s,
the
dis
tric
t w
ill b
e
co
nstr
ucte
d w
ith
the
con
ce
pt p
lann
ing a
s a
univ
ers
ity t
ow
n.
In a
dd
itio
n t
o th
e r
ese
arc
h a
nd
ed
uca
tio
na
l fa
cili
tie
s, a m
idd
le-d
en
se
n
eig
hb
orh
oo
d c
om
mu
nity s
ha
ll b
e p
lan
ned
, a
nd
to
en
co
ura
ge
all
kin
ds o
f m
ixe
d s
ma
ll b
usin
esse
s to
mo
ve
in
the
are
a
(D)
Cu
ltu
ral B
usin
ess D
istr
ict
The
Cu
ltu
ral B
usin
ess D
istr
ict
is lo
ca
ted
at
the
ea
st
sid
e o
f th
e p
ark
. T
he
are
a is a
dja
cen
t to
the
Un
it 8
ove
rall
de
ve
lopm
ent
are
a v
ia
Ce
ntr
al P
ark
and
the
no
rth
sou
th o
utw
ard
conn
ection
ro
ad
s. T
he
dis
tric
t sh
all
be
co
me
a d
en
se
an
d e
ne
rge
tic n
ew
de
ve
lop
ing a
rea,
wh
ich
is a
lso
ba
sed
on P
ark
Ave
nue
3 a
s th
e d
eve
lop
ing m
ain
them
e.
It is e
xp
ecte
d t
ha
t P
ark
Ave
nu
e 3
sha
ll b
eco
me lik
e N
ew
Y
ork
’s F
ifth
Ave
nu
e a
nd
To
kyo
's O
mo
tesa
ndo
, a
co
mm
erc
ial str
ee
t fille
d w
ith
qu
alit
y s
tore
s a
nd c
ultu
ral fa
cili
tie
s a
s t
he
ma
in
them
e. T
he
pa
rt a
dja
ce
nt
to C
en
tra
l P
ark
ca
n b
e d
eve
lop
ed
in
to s
cen
ic b
usin
ess h
ote
ls a
nd
hig
h-q
ua
lity r
esid
en
tia
l b
uild
ings.
To c
rea
te a
co
re im
age
of
the u
rban
, th
e d
eve
lopm
ent
pa
tte
rn s
ha
ll m
ain
ly in
mid
dle
ta
ll a
nd
ta
ll bu
ildin
gs.
In a
dd
itio
n w
ith
th
e
qu
alit
y s
tore
s o
n b
oth
sid
es o
f P
ark
Ave
nu
e 3
to
exte
nd
th
e e
ne
rgy o
f th
e d
en
se
com
me
rcia
l a
rea
, th
e b
uild
ing d
en
sity o
f th
e
rem
ain
ing a
rea
s s
ha
ll b
e r
ela
tive
ly lo
w in
ord
er
to r
ese
rve
a la
rge
r o
pe
n s
pa
ce. T
he
se
are
as s
ha
ll a
lso
com
bin
e w
ith
the
Pa
rkw
ay’s
gre
en
la
nd s
yste
m to
fo
rm a
“gre
en
fin
ge
r” e
xte
nsio
n f
rom
Ce
ntr
al P
ark
. (E
) E
co
Re
sid
en
tia
l D
istr
ict
The
pu
rpo
se o
f th
e E
co
Re
sid
en
tia
l D
istr
ict
is t
o e
sta
blis
h a
co
mfo
rta
ble
, h
ea
lth
y a
nd
su
sta
ina
ble
de
ve
lop
ing n
ew
liv
ing p
att
ern
. W
ith th
e e
sta
blis
hm
en
t of
low
in
ten
sity,
hig
h p
erc
en
tage
gre
en
la
nd
sca
pe
s, sce
nic
gre
en
pa
ths,
rive
rsid
e w
alk
ing t
rails
an
d b
icycle
p
ath
s,
the
are
a s
ha
ll p
rovid
e r
esid
en
ts t
he
opp
ort
un
ity t
o b
eco
me
in
tim
ate
with
th
e lan
d. T
he
are
a s
ha
ll m
ain
ly a
do
pt a
lo
w-r
ose
an
d
- 47 -
low
-de
nsity d
eve
lop
men
t pa
tte
rn t
o r
ese
rve
a la
rge
r n
atu
ral e
co
logic
al sp
ace
. T
he
no
rth
sid
e a
rea w
hic
h is a
dja
cen
t to
exp
ress
roa
ds s
ha
ll p
lan
with
sce
nic
buff
er
zo
ne
s in
ord
er
to iso
late
air p
ollu
tio
n a
nd
no
ise
.
C.
Lan
d u
se p
lan
T
he
Pro
ject
site
is lo
cate
d w
ith
in t
he
la
nd
used
fo
r pu
blic
fa
cili
tie
s w
ith
in T
aic
hu
ng G
ate
wa
y P
ark
. T
he z
on
ing p
lan
fo
r th
e e
ntire
T
aic
hu
ng G
ate
wa
y P
ark
are
a in
clu
de
s:
Eco R
esid
entia
l D
istr
ict,
Cu
ltu
ral B
usin
ess D
istr
ict,
In
no
va
tio
n R
&D
Dis
tric
t, G
ate
wa
y
Dis
tric
t, a
nd
Co
llege
Dis
tric
t. I
nclu
din
g o
the
r pu
blic
fa
cili
tie
s,
the
to
tal a
rea
fo
r th
e T
aic
hu
ng G
ate
wa
y P
ark
is 2
53
.44
he
cta
res. T
he
d
istr
ibu
tio
n o
f la
nd u
se is s
ho
wn
in
Fig
.
- 48 -
- 49 -
D.
Tra
ffic
Syste
m
The
ma
jor
con
ne
ctio
n r
oa
ds fo
r th
e s
ite s
urr
oun
din
g a
rea a
re d
escribe
d a
s t
he
fo
llow
ing:
Ro
ad
30
M-4
1,
loca
ted
at
the
Pro
ject
site
’s n
ort
h s
ide,
is t
he
ma
jor
east-
we
st
ou
twa
rd c
on
nectio
n r
oad
. T
he
roa
d r
un
s a
cro
ss
thro
ugh
Cen
tra
l P
ark
, w
hic
h h
ea
din
g w
est
sha
ll cro
ss t
hou
gh
Ae
rosp
ace
In
du
str
ial D
eve
lop
men
t C
orp
. an
d c
on
ne
ct
to H
uan
zh
on
g
Rd
; h
ea
din
g e
ast
con
ne
cts
with
Zh
on
gqin
g R
oa
d.
Ro
ad
20
M-7
9,
loca
ted
at
the
Pro
ject
site
’s s
ou
th s
ide
, is
th
e m
ajo
r ea
st-
we
st
ou
twa
rd c
on
ne
ctio
n r
oa
d. T
ow
ard
we
st
con
ne
cts
to
Fe
ngd
a R
d. a
nd
to
wa
rd e
ast
con
ne
cts
to S
huin
an
Roa
d a
nd r
ea
ches Z
ho
ngqin
g R
oa
d.
Roa
d 3
0M
-83
, lo
ca
ted
at
the
Pro
ject
site
’s
ea
st
sid
e, a
nd P
ark
Ave
nue
3 &
Ro
ad
30
M-8
1,
locate
d a
t th
e P
roje
ct
site
’s w
est
sid
e, a
re th
e m
ajo
r n
ort
hso
uth
ou
twa
rd c
on
ne
ctio
n
roa
ds. T
ow
ard
so
uth
the
ro
ad p
asse
s H
en
an R
oa
d a
nd
co
nn
ects
We
nxin
Ro
ad
, to
wa
rd n
ort
h r
ea
che
s H
uan
zh
ong R
oa
d a
nd
ab
le
to c
on
ne
ct
to N
atio
na
l H
igh
wa
y N
o.
1 a
nd
Ta
ich
un
g-C
ha
ngh
ua
Exp
ressw
ay.
- 50 -
T
ran
sp
ort
atio
n s
yste
m p
lan
fo
r T
aic
hun
g G
ate
wa
y P
ark
- 51 -
E. P
ub
lic t
ran
sp
ort
ati
on
syste
m
(A
) S
ho
rt-t
erm
pla
nn
ing:
Bu
s R
ap
id T
ran
sit (
BR
T)
syste
m
To im
ple
me
nt a
pu
blic
tra
nsp
ort
atio
n o
rie
nte
d d
eve
lopm
ent
str
ate
gy,
in s
ho
rt-t
erm
s th
e b
us r
ap
id t
ran
sit (
BR
T)
syste
m s
ha
ll be
in
tro
du
ce
d. T
he
su
gge
ste
d r
ou
te s
ha
ll be
ba
se
d o
n th
e t
ran
spo
rta
tion
ce
nte
r a
t th
e n
ort
h s
ide
of T
aic
hu
ng G
ate
wa
y P
ark
as t
he
sta
rtin
g p
oin
t, w
hic
h t
ow
ard
so
uth
pa
sse
s th
rou
gh
Pa
rk A
ve
nu
e 3
an
d G
an
su R
oa
d,
con
ne
ctin
g t
o th
e M
RT
sta
tio
n a
t th
e
inte
rse
ction
of W
en
xin
an
d H
en
an
Ro
ad
. T
he
syste
m f
urt
he
r m
ove
s a
lon
g H
en
an
Roa
d a
nd
the
no
rth
-so
uth
ou
twa
rd e
xte
nsio
n o
f H
en
an R
oa
d t
ow
ard
s n
ort
h t
o f
orm
a lo
op p
ublic
tra
nsp
ort
atio
n r
ou
te. In
lon
g t
erm
s, th
e s
yste
m c
an
exte
nd
to
th
e T
aic
hu
ng b
ase
of
Ce
ntr
al T
aiw
an
Scie
nce
Pa
rk a
nd T
aic
hun
g In
tern
atio
na
l A
irp
ort
, w
hic
h s
ha
ll p
rovid
e t
he u
rba
n a
rea
a c
on
ve
nie
nt p
ub
lic
tra
nsp
ort
atio
n s
erv
ice
. (
B)
Lo
ng-t
erm
pla
nn
ing:
Ma
ss R
ap
id T
ran
sit S
yste
m (
MR
T)
The
cu
rre
nt T
aic
hu
ng U
rba
n M
RT
Syste
m E
xte
nde
d L
ine
Ne
two
rk p
lan
nin
g h
as a
lre
ad
y in
clu
ded
Ta
ichu
ng I
nte
rnatio
na
l A
irpo
rt,
Ce
ntr
al T
aiw
an
Scie
nce
Pa
rk, T
aic
hun
g G
ate
wa
y P
ark
an
d o
the
r im
po
rta
nt
site
s in
to th
e n
etw
ork
syste
m.
Am
on
g t
he
MR
T lin
es,
the
ora
nge
lin
e (
Ga
tew
ay P
ark
- T
aic
hu
ng T
rain
Sta
tio
n -
Wufe
ng)
is in
itia
lly p
lan
ne
d a
s th
e n
etw
ork
’s c
ore
, a
nd
the
2 M
RT
sta
tio
ns
are
pla
nn
ed
to
be
esta
blis
he
d w
ith
in T
aic
hu
ng G
ate
wa
y P
ark
(u
nd
erg
rou
nd
) to
pro
vid
e th
e P
ark
ou
twa
rd c
on
ne
ctin
g t
raff
ic. T
he
fo
llow
-up
MR
T s
yste
m n
etw
ork
sh
all
be c
on
str
ucte
d w
ith
a m
ulti-p
ha
se
and
mu
lti-sta
ge
me
tho
d to
gra
du
ally
co
mp
lete
the
MR
T
syste
m n
etw
ork
ba
se
d o
n t
ran
sp
ort
atio
n r
equ
ire
men
ts, e
co
no
mic
al eff
ective
ne
ss, fin
an
cia
l a
nd
en
gin
ee
rin
g a
sse
ssm
ent
pe
rfo
rma
nce
. In
lo
ng te
rms,
the
pla
nn
ing s
hall
wo
rk w
ith
th
e c
on
str
uctio
n p
lan
s fo
r th
e M
RT
in t
he T
aic
hu
ng m
etr
op
olit
an
are
a to
p
rovid
e M
RT
se
rvic
e.
- 52 -
Pu
blic
tra
nsp
ort
syste
m fo
r G
ate
wa
y P
ark
- 53 -
Cli
ma
te A
na
lys
is
Ta
ichu
ng C
ity i
s u
nd
er
the
sub
-tro
pic
al
clim
ate
, w
ith
hig
h t
em
pe
ratu
res a
nd
hum
idity.
Su
mm
ers
are
acco
mpa
nie
d w
ith
ra
in b
ut
win
ters
are
dry
. T
he a
nn
ua
l a
ve
rage
tem
pe
ratu
re i
s 2
3ºC
. T
he
ra
infa
ll co
nce
ntr
ate
s i
n t
he p
erio
d f
rom
Ma
y t
o A
ugu
st.
Th
e a
nn
ual
ave
rage
ra
infa
ll is
1,6
42
.1m
m (
with
an
in
ten
sity o
f 1
2.2
mm
). T
he
num
be
r of
rain
y d
ays i
s 1
17
da
ys p
er
an
num
. T
he
re
lative
hu
mid
ity is in
th
e r
an
ge
of
74
%~
80
%,
an
d t
he
an
nua
l re
lative
hu
mid
ity is 7
7%
; th
ere
is little
va
ria
nce
cro
ss t
he
ye
ar.
The
ave
rage
ma
xim
um
tem
pe
ratu
re is 2
8ºC
and
the
ave
rage
min
imum
te
mp
era
ture
is 1
9.4
ºC.
Th
e te
mpe
ratu
re r
an
ge
is p
lea
sa
nt
an
d a
gre
ea
ble
. T
he
nu
mb
er
of
inso
latio
n h
ou
rs i
s a
rou
nd
2,5
09
hou
rs p
er
ann
um
. T
he
ave
rage
va
lue
of
10
0%
clo
ud
is 6
.1/1
0 p
er
an
nu
m.
The
lon
g-t
erm
ob
se
rve
d v
alu
e o
f m
on
thly
clo
ud i
s s
ma
ller
tha
n 8
/10
. W
ind
dire
ctio
ns a
re m
ain
ly s
ub
ject
to t
he
influ
en
ce
of
mon
soo
ns.
With
th
e D
adu
Fla
t P
lan
as t
he
ba
rrie
r, t
he
ave
rage
win
d s
pe
ed
is a
pp
roxim
ate
ly 1
.74
mete
rs/s
eco
nd
ea
ch
ye
ar.
The
eff
ects
of
win
d
dis
aste
rs a
re lim
ited
. M
onth
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
Ma
y
Jun
Jul
Aug
S
ep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Avera
ge H
igh T
em
pera
ture
(°C
) 22
22
24.6
27.8
30
31.8
33
32.4
31.9
30.1
26.9
23.6
Avera
ge L
ow
Tem
pera
ture
(°C
) 12.4
13.3
15.6
19.4
22.3
24.2
24.9
24.7
23.7
21.4
17.6
13.8
- 54 -
Avera
ge P
recip
itation (
mm
) 36.3
87.8
94
134.5
225.3
342.7
245.8
317.1
98.1
16.2
18.6
25.7
Rain
y D
ays
7
10
12
11
13
15
13
15
8
4
4
5
- 55 -
Win
d f
orc
e a
naly
sis
W
ind
Dire
ction
an
d S
pe
ed
Sta
tistics
The
fo
llow
ing s
um
ma
rize
d w
ind
an
aly
sis
wa
s a
cco
rdin
g t
o th
e w
ind
dire
ctio
n a
nd w
ind
sp
ee
d d
ata
, p
rovid
ed
by t
he
RO
C A
ir F
orc
e
Weath
er
Win
g, fo
r T
aic
hu
ng S
hu
inan
Airp
ort
be
twe
en
198
3 to
20
02
. JA
N
F
EB
M
AR
A
PR
M
AY
JU
N
JU
L
AU
G
SE
P
OC
T
NO
V
DE
C
3
.7
3.5
3
.2
2.6
2
.3
2.5
2
.5
2.3
2
.6
3.2
3
.4
3.5
- 56 -
Win
d F
orc
e E
stim
atio
n
The
p
lan
ne
d h
eig
ht
for
Ta
iwa
n T
ow
er
is to
b
e a
t le
ast
30
0m
in
p
rin
cip
le.
On
ce
th
e sh
ape
of
the
bu
ildin
g is
fin
aliz
ed
, th
e
with
sta
nd
ing w
ind
fo
rce
s o
f th
e T
ow
er
sh
ou
ld b
e e
stim
ate
d a
cco
rdin
g t
o t
he
en
viro
nm
enta
l w
ind
fie
lds a
nd
win
d t
un
ne
l te
sts
. In
a
dd
itio
n,
the
in
itia
l e
stim
ation
em
piric
al e
qu
atio
n d
eve
lop
ed
in
Jap
an
ma
y b
e u
se
d fo
r re
fere
nce
: P
ositiv
e w
ind
pre
ssu
re=
√√H
eig
htX
12
0kg/m
2
Ne
ga
tive
win
d p
ressu
re=
Po
sitiv
e w
ind
pre
ssu
reX
1.5
kg/m
2
Ba
se
d o
n t
he
abo
ve
em
piric
al e
qu
atio
n,
the p
ositiv
e w
ind
pre
ssu
re a
t 30
0m
he
igh
t is
499.2
kg/m
2,
an
d t
he
ne
ga
tive
win
d p
ressu
re
is 7
48
.8 k
g/m
2.
