Topics28 May •First subway service began in Shanghai over 6.6-km span of 165-km system •Railway Friends Club (only na-tionwide organisation of railway fans), awarded Blue Ribbon

Japan Railway & Transport Review / March 1994 31

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Copyright © 1994 EJRCF. All rights reserved.

Topics(April-December 1993)

1 April • Keihtn Electric Express Rail-way Airport Line extended (0.7km f rom Anamor i Inar i toHaneda)

10 April • Great Seto Bridge celebrated5th anniversary

15 April • Tokyo Disneyland celebrated10th anniversary with totalnumber of visitors topping 130million

18 April • JAS a i rcra f t c rashed andburned at Hanamaki Airport,Iwate Prefecture

11 May • JR East held training course forsteam locomotive engineers

14 May • Five-span, brick arch bridges inAbt track section of formerShin-Etsu line recommendedby Council for Protection of Cul-tural Properties to Minister ofEducation, Science and Cul-ture, as important cultural assetof historical significance undernewly-established "Inheritanceof Modernisation" programme

18 May • TGV Northern Europe Line(Paris-Lille) completed

20 May • New Tokyo International Airport(Narita) celebrated 15th anni-versary becoming one o fworld's largest airports servingaverage of 60,000 people perday and totalling over 200 mil-lion

23 May • TGV Northern Europe Lineopened to Lille; second sectionbetween Arras and Lille put intocommercial operation connect-ing Lille and Paris in 1 hour

27 May • Fully-automated VAL servicebegan between internationaland domestic terminals and

parking lots at Chicago O'HareInternational Airport at maxi-mum speed of 80 km/h

28 May • First subway service began inShanghai over 6.6-km span of165-km system

• Railway Friends Club (only na-tionwide organisation of railwayfans), awarded Blue RibbonPrize to JR Kyushu's Tsubameexpress, and Laurel Prizes toJR Central's Nozomi (300 se-ries) Shinkansen and to JRFreight's EF200 high-tech elec-tric locomotive as best new roll-ing stock in 1992

2 June • Passengers killed and injuredwhen guard's van of backingfreight train derailed and ex-press train crashed into it insouthern India

9 June • Japanese Crown Prince mar-ried Princess Masako in tradi-tional ceremony at Imperial Pal-ace

10 June • Joint symposium on railwaymaintenance held in Tokyo byJR East and German NationalRailways on "Maintenance inthe 21st century"

26 June • Unmanned VAL-type mini-Metro started service on 10-kmsection between Jolimont andBasso-Cambo in Toulouse insouthern France

1 July • J R E a s t ' s Y a m a g a t aShinkansen celebrated first an-n iversary of operat ion ondouble-gauge tracks (conven-tional + 1,435 mm).

Total of 3.23 million passengerstravelled on Tsubasa connectingTokyo and Yamagata in 2 hoursand 27 minutes

2 July • JR East Boso View Express su-per express (255 series) de-buted

7 July • Czech Republic nationalisedrailways

12 July • Large earthquake hit south-western Hokkaido

18 July • Non-LDP parties won majorityin Japan in 40th general elec-tion

30 July • Work began in Russia to buildnew high-speed railway be-tween Moscow and St. Peters-burg (approx. 650 km) connect-ing two cities in 2 hours and 25minutes at maximum speed of350 km/h when completed in

2000

6 August • Maintenance cars collided andderailed in Hamamatsu Stationon Tokaido Shinkansen inter-rupting regular service all day

9 August • Coalition cabinet formed byJapanese Pr ime Min is te rHosokawa

12 August • Nagoya City's Bureau of Trans-portation opened 1.4-km sec-tion between Shonai RyokuchiK o e n a n d K a m i - O t a i o nTsurumai line to start directc o n n e c t i o n w i t h N a g o y aRailroad's Inuyama line formingmain artery (approx. 60 km)from Inuyama and Toyota viaNagoya

20 August • Korean Government choseTGV by French-British jointcompany, GEC/Alsthom, forhigh-speed railway betweenSeoul and Pusan (approx. 400km)—competi t ion includedJapanese and German tech-nologies

26 August • Ra inbow Br idge (approx .800m) completed across TokyoBay as part of Shuto Express-way No.11 (between Shibauraand Ariake) of Metropolitan Ex-pressway Public Corporation—differs structurally from BayBridge (cable-stayed bridge) inYokohama

6 September • 10-day joint meeting (world'slargest railway conference) ofIRCA (International RailwayCongress Association) and UIC(Union Internat ionale desChemins de fer) held in Lisbonattended by about 600 personsrepresenting railways in mem-ber countries

13 September • Super Express system selectedfor I to igawa-Uozu sect ion(approx. 40 km) of HokurikuShinkansen allowing direct con-n e c t i o n b e t w e e n n e wShinkansen and conventionaltracks at maximum speed of200 km/h. Work requires 10years and ¥18.8 billion to com-plete

21 September • Bank of Japan lowered officialrate by 0.75% to 1.75% per an-num effectively immediately

22 September • Miami-bound Amtrak train fromLos Angeles (Sunset Limitedwith 206 passengers) derailedinto swamp north of Mobile,Alabama, when bridge col-

32 Japan Railway & Transport Review / March 1994

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lapsed, killing 47 passengers

24 September • New passenge r t e rm ina lopened at Haneda Airportalong with new control towerand cargo terminal as part ofexpansion plan toward sea.Five-floor building (total area289 million m2) nicknamed BigBird from shape—Tokyo mono-rail extended to basement ofnew station

1 October • German Nat ional Rai lwayopened Tokyo office providingbase for planned joint techno-logical development activitieswith JR East according to No-vember 1992 memorandum

5 October • Passengers injured when run-away train (four cars) of OsakaCity's New Tram transportationsystem crashed into buffers inSuminoe Koen Station

13 October• Forty-nine commuters killedand 70 injured by another trainin India after jumping off com-muter train in Bombay whenstopped and filled with smokeafter power failure probably dueto lightning

26 October• JR East became first JR com-pany listed on stock exchangewhen 2.5 million of 4 millionstocks owned by Japanese Na-tional Railway Settlement Cor-poration sold to private inves-tors

1 November •Ridership of Tohoku-JoetsuShinkansen topped 600 million11 years after Tohoku section

opened on 23 June 1982(Joetsu section opened on 11November 1982) with total dis-tance 251 million train-km

2 November• Two passenger trains collidedon single-track section in sub-urbs of Jakarta, Indonesia kill-ing at least 18 and injuring over200 passengers

5 November • British House of Lords passedbill to divide and privatise BR.Bill favours dividing railwaysinto facilities management andpassenger/freight operations.Allows freight division to besold immediately to privatesector and passenger opera-tions to be changed to privateoperation by 25 franchises

9 November• Asian railway safety seminarheld in Tokyo by JR East andlabour union with managementand labour representativesfrom 17 countries in Asia andother parts of world

10 November • Fifteen people killed and 49 in-jured in collisions on FrenchA10 expressway

7 December • Man fired gun in crowded rush-hour train in Long Island, NewYork, killing 5 passengers andinjuring 17

9 December • Tokaido Shinkansen stoppeddue to power failure and manytrains delayed or cancelled asresult—unfortunately, Chinesedelegation led by Mr. HanZhulin, Minister of Railways,delayed by 2.5 hours on-board

a Nozomi

21 December • JR East's STAR21 marked newnational speed record of 425km/h breaking earlier record(420 km/h on 13 December).

STAR21 (experimental train de-signed for quiet operation) rankedsecond fastest train in world afterFrench TGV (515.3km/h)

• Seven-car TGV, bound forValenciennes from Paris, de-railed near Amiens at speed of300 km/h. Special linked bogiesystem prevented train from fall-ing and none of 170 passengersinjured—accident caused byloose ballast built over WorldWar I trench, which collapseddue to continuous rain for somedays

24 December • Opening of New Kansai Inter-national Airport (Japan's first24-hour airport built on artificialisland off Osaka Bay) set for 4September 1994

Milestones(April-December 1993)

Yasuo Nishimura, 59, President of TokyoMetropolitan Subway Construction Corpo-ration Ltd., and former Director General ofCivil Aviation Bureau, Ministry of Trans-port, appointed president of Japanese Na-tional Railway Settlement Corp. on 1 April.Born in Tokyo, Nishimura graduated fromTokyo University, Faculty of Law in 1953.Assumed Ministry-of-Transport posts suchas Director General of Tourism Dept., Direc-tor-General for policy cordination, and Di-rector General of Civil Aviation Bureau be-fore retiring in January 1986

Renjiro Toyohara, 77, former Managing Di-rector of Japanese National Railways andChairman of former Ex-Railway EmployeesRelief Assoc. (Tetsudo-Kosai-Kai). died 18April. Toyohara graduated from Faculty ofLaw of Tokyo Imperial University in 1939and entered pre-war Ministry of Railways.Assumed post as Director General of JNRNagoya Railway Operating Division of JRheadquarters and Managing Director ofJNR headquarters.

Moritoshi Serizawa, 77, Chairman ofKeihin Electric Express Railway, appointedchairman of Japan Non-Government Rail-ways Assoc. on 31 May, succeeding formerchairman, Shunjiro Kuma (Chairman ofHanshin Electric Railway Co., Ltd.). Born

� STAR21 passing Omiya Station on Tohoku Shinkansen


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in Nagano, Serizawa graduated from Fac-ulty of Law of Tohoku Imperial Universityin 1941 and joined Shonan Electric Railway(predecessor of Keihin Electric Express Rail-way)

Sumio Shioda, 58, Vice President of TeitoRapid Transit Authority, appointed presi-dent of Japan Railway Construction PublicCorp. on 28 June. Born in Tokyo, Shiodagraduated from Tokyo University, Facultyof Law in 1957. Assumed such Ministry-of-Transport posts as Director General ofTransportation Policy Bureau and DirectorGeneral of Maritime Safety Agency beforeretiring in June 1990

Takahide Yamada, 60, Corporate Adviserof ANA, appointed president of Air Nipponon 28 June. Born in Tokyo, Yamada gradu-ated from Tokyo University, Faculty of Lawin 1956. Assumed Ministry-of-Transportposts such as Director General of CivilAviation Bureau and Director General ofMaritime Safety Agency before retiring inJune 1986. Also President of MaritimeCredit Corp.

Masatake Matsuda, 57, Vice President of JREast, promoted to President on 29 June.Born in Hokkaido, Matsuda graduated fromGraduate School of Hokkaido University in1961. Assumed JNR posts including Plan-ning Manager of Management Planning Of-fice, Planning Manager of Hokkaido Head-quarters, and Director General of Recon-struction Promotion Headquarters beforebecoming Managing Director and GeneralManager of Corporate Planning Headquar-ters of JR East in April 1987 when formerJNR privatised. Former president, ShojiSumita, promoted to Chairman, formerchairman, Isamu Yamashita, promoted toPrincipal Executive Adviser, and formervice president, Shuichi Yamanouchi, pro-moted to Vice Chairman simultaneously,leaving post of vice president open

Yabushi Tanahashi, 60, President of JapanRailway Construction Public Corp., ap-pointed president of Japan Freight RailwayCorp. on 29 June. Born in Tokyo, Tanahashigraduated from Tokyo University, College ofGeneral Education in 1956. Assumed Minis-try-of-Transport posts such as Director-Gen-eral of National Railways Dept., DeputyVice-Minister for National Railways Recon-struction Promotion, Director General ofTransport Policy Bureau and Director Gen-eral of Secretariat before retiring in June1989. Also assumed posts such as Vice Presi-dent and President of Japan Railway Con-struction Public Corp. Former president,Masashi Hashimoto, appointed Chairman,and former senior executive manager,Hisashi Ueda, promoted to Vice President ofJapan Freight Railway Corp. Former chair-

man, Naoshi Machida, and vice presidents,Katahisa Okada and Hiromi Matsuki, re-tired

Hiroichi Nishiyama, 63, Vice President ofKeihin Electric Express Railway, promotedto President on 29 June. Born in Tokyo,Nishiyama graduated from Faculty of Eco-nomics of Keio University in 1951 andjoined Sumitomo Trust & Banking Co., Ltd.in 1953. Retired as bank vice president in1988

Motohiro Sugai, 63, Vice President ofHankyu Corp., promoted to President on 29June. Born in Hyogo, Sugai graduated fromSchool of Economics of Kansei Gakuin Uni-versity in 1953 and joined Keihanshin Ex-press Railway Co. (predecessor of HankyuCorp. ) . Former pres ident , KoheiKobayashi, became Chairman

Seiji Fukatsu, 60, Senior Executive Man-ager of ANA (All Nippon Airways), pro-moted to President on 29 June. Born inTokyo, Fukatsu graduated from Tokyo Uni-versity, Faculty of Law in 1956, and joinedJapan Helicopter Transport Co., Ltd. (pre-decessor of ANA). Former president, AkioKondo, became Vice Chairman

Michihiko Matsuo, 56, Director Generalof Civil Aviation Bureau, appointed Ad-ministrative Vice-Minister for Transporton 30 July. Born in Okayama, Matsuograduated from Tokyo University, Fac-ulty of Law in 1960. Assumed Ministry-of-Transport posts such as Director Gen-eral of Chubu District Transport Bureauand Director General of Secretariat. Ap-pointed as result of resignation of formerAdministrative Vice-Minister for Trans-port, Toru Nakamura, and Director Gen-eral of Transport Policy, Bureau HideoOtsuka. Former Director General of Sec-retariat, Minoru Toyoda, became Direc-tor General of Transport Policy Bureau,former Director General of Road Trans-port Bureau, Yasutoshi Tsuchisaka, be-came Director General of Civil AviationBureau, former Director General ofFourth Dept. of Cabinet Legislation Bu-reau, Masahide Ochi, became DirectorGeneral of Road Transport Bureau, andformer Deputy Directcr General of Rail-way Bureau, Masahiko Kurono, becameDirector General of Secretariat

Saburo Nagakura, 83, Corporate Adviser ofJR Kyushu, died on 11 October. Nagakuragraduated from Tokyo Imperial Universityin 1934 and joined Toho Electric Power Co.,Ltd. Assumed posts such as President ofKyushu Electric Power Co., Ltd., and direc-tor of former JNR, before becoming Chair-man of JR Kyushu when company estab-lished in April 1987 after privatisation ofJNR

Rekiji Kobari, 79, Chairman of FukushimaKotsu Co., Ltd., died on 7 November.Known as king of Fukushima Transportgroup, Kobari was President of FukushimaMimpo Co., Ltd. and Radio Fukushima.Also engaged in real estate, leisure-ori-ented projects and other businesses. Oftencalled "wirepuller" of Tohoku district be-cause of close political connections. �

34 Japan Railway & Transport Review / March 1994

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The East Japan Railway Company (JREast) took first delivery of the E351 Seriesof pendulum EMUs in September 1993.This is the first time JR East has intro-duced pendulum trains. JR Central and JRWest inherited the 381 Series of EMU

Natural Pendulum Trainsets from JNR.JR Shikoku and JR Hokkaido have alreadydeveloped and are operating pendulumtrains; JR Kyushu has recently orderednew EMU pendulum trains.

Japan is a mountainous country and thereare many steep curves on all lines. Thetechnology of actively-controlled pendulumsystems has been perfected recently andthe effectiveness of such systems is now ac-knowledged. Introduction of pendulumtrains increases speeds on curves cuttingtravel times.

The E351 Series will be put into service onthe Chuo Line running west from Shinjukuin Tokyo serving Matsumoto in Nagano, andalso on the Oito Line serving Hakuba, thesite of the 1998 Winter Olympics. In recentyears, JR East has introduced several lim-ited expresses using new concepts on mainlines radiating from Tokyo, such as the Su-per Hitachi business express on the JobanLine, the Super View Odoriko for passengersto the Izu Peninsula resorts on the TokaidoLine, the Boso View Express to the Boso Pen-insula, and the Narita Express, serving New

Tokyo International Airport. The new E351rolling stock will complete JR East's net-work of new trains around Tokyo.

1. Development ofPendulum Trains InJapan

1.1 381 series EMU (JNR)The first generation of Japanese pendu-lum trains were introduced in 1973 be-tween Nagoya and Nagano making JNRone of the first railways in the world to usependulum trains. This 381 Series of lim-ited expresses uses a natural pendulumsystem with cylindrical surfaces under thecar body supported by rollers on bogies.The centre of curvature of the cylindricalsurface is 2.3 m above the rail. The maxi-mum tilt is 5 degrees compensating for lat-eral acceleration of 0.1G. The centre ofgravity of the car body was lowered usingan aluminium-alloy lightweight body toprovide sufficient tilting moment as a re-sult of centrifugal force. This tilt mecha-nism is very simple and reliable, but some-

E351 SeriesPendulumEMU and ashort history oftilting trains inJapan

� E351 Series Pendulum E.M.U.


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times the inertia of the car body delays thetilting motion when negotiating transientcurves which degrades comfort. JR Cen-tral and JR West are now using 277 cars ofthese 381 Series EMUs.

1.2 2000 Series DMU (JRShikoku) and KIHA 281Series DMU (JR Hokkaido)

After the 1987 restructuring of JNR, JRShikoku and the JR Technical ResearchInstitute developed the 2000 SeriesDMUs with actively-controlled body tilt-ing in 1988. The tilt mechanism is simi-lar to the 381 Series but pneumatic cyl-inders between the car body and bogiescontrol the tilt angle. When the trainnegotiates a curve, these cylinders areactuated by commands determined bythe train speed and track geometrymemorized in an onboard controller tocompensate for the lateral acceleration.The memory is collated with the actual

position of the train on the track usingthe ATS (Automatic Train Stop System)induction coils on the track. The controlsystem issues the tilt command slightlybefore the curve to compensate for thetilt delay and improve the ride comfort.Curves with a radius of 400 m can be ne-gotiated at 100 km/h or 25 km/h fasterthan ordinary trains.

JR Hokkaido is introducing this system onits limited expresses as the KIHA 281 Se-ries DMU which comes into commercialoperation between Hakodate and Sapporoin March 1994.

The winter weather in Hokkaido is verysevere and countermeasures against snowand low temperatures are most important.

1.3 8000 Series EMU (JRShikoku)

JR Shikoku developed the 8000 Seriespendulum EMU in 1992; it is similar to the2000 Series DMU but the pantographs aremounted on sliding circular arches acrossthe roof and connected to bogie frames bywires so the relative position on the over-head wire does not change despite the tilt.The running performance is similar to the2000 Series.

1.4 E351 Series EMU (JR East)This pendulum EMU series is the successorto the 8000 Series but, for higher reliabil-ity, the pantographs are fixed on top of thetall suspension frames attached directly onthe bogie frames without tilting. The run-ning performance is expected to be betterthan the 2000 Series and the tilting systemand bogies are now under adjustment.

2. Outline of E351 SeriesThis series has been developed to replacethe old 183 Series. It is being used as theAzusa limited express on the Chuo linewith 18 trains in each direction per day.One trainset is composed of up to 12 carsbut can be split into 4- and 8-car sets de-pending on the number of passengers; thegangways between carsets are coupled au-

� 381 Series Pendulum EMU

� 2000 Series Pendulum DMU (JR Shikoku)

� KIHA 281 Series Pendulum DMU (JR Hokkaido)

Makoto Yamada

Mr. Yamada graduated in 1969 from Waseda University's Post-Graduate School with aMaster's degree in Mechanical Engineering. He worked for JNR from 1969 to 1987 and asDeputy Director of JR East Paris Office from 1987 to 1990. He is presently General Man-ager of the Rolling Stock Division of JR East.

tomatically. A maximum of 713 passengerscan be carried including 50 in the GreenCar, an increase of 26% over the earlier 9-car Azusa. The maximum speed is 130 km/h or 10 km/h faster and the curve speed isalso higher. Larger windows give passen-gers a better view of the passing country-side, and the muted interior colour schemesuits businessmen better.

The electric propulsion system uses asyn-chronous motors with VVVF control and re-generative braking to decrease mainte-nance and save energy. The regenerativebrake force decelerates the trailer cars inthe same set using the service brakes.

The Command Controller in the ControlTrailer issues the tilt command to the TiltController in each car according to the trainlocation and the curve geometry to controlthe tilt actuators. �

� Pantograph on suspension frame

Documents

Topics28 May •First subway service began in Shanghai over 6.6-km span of 165-km system •Railway Friends Club (only na-tionwide organisation of railway fans), awarded Blue Ribbon