25 WWII

MAP 25.1 The War in Europe The Allies remained on the defensive during the first years of the war, but by 1943 the British and Americans, with an almost endless supply of resources, had turned the tide.

???•WWI

•Economics

•Japanese expansion

Fascism

•Ideology

•Economics

•Germany, Spain

NAZIS

•Germany •Fanatical nationalism + racial superiority

▫Supremacy: “Aryans”▫“Degenerate races”

JAPANESE IMPERIALISM

•“Rape of Nanking”

•Dec. 1937

•Rape, murder

RAPE OF NANKING•?

•Racism

•Military culture

FIGURE 25.1b Gallup Polls: European War and World War I, 1938–1940

WAR •U.S. neutral

•Hawaii Dec, 7,. 1941▫Japan

•War

•Conspiracy?

On the day after the attack on Pearl Harbor, President Franklin D. Roosevelt addressed a joint session of Congress and asked for an immediate declaration of war against Japan. The resolution passed with one dissenting vote, and the United States entered World War II.SOURCE:AP/Wide World Photos.

INTERNMENT •Racial stereotypes •110,000 Japanese

▫Most: Americans

More than 110,000 Japanese Americans were interned during World War II, some for up to four years. This photograph, taken by Dorothea Lange (1895–1965), the famed photographer of Depression Era migrant families, shows the Mochida family in May 1942 waiting for a bus that will take them to a relocation camp. SOURCE:Corbis NA001774.

Facing a shortage of workers and increased production demands, the War Manpower Commission and the Office of War Information conducted a campaign to recruit women into the labor force. Women were encouraged to “take a job for your husband/son/brother” and to “keep the world safe for your children.” Higher wages also enticed many women to take jobs in factories producing aircraft, ships, and ordnance. This photograph, taken in 1942, shows a woman working in a munitions factory. SOURCE:The Granger Collection,New York.

Rosie the Riveter independent

“Victory girls”

D-Day landing, June 6, 1944, marked the greatest amphibious maneuver in military history. Troop ships ferried Allied soldiers from England to Normandy beaches. Within a month, nearly 1 million men had assembled in France, ready to retake western and central Europe from German forces. SOURCE:Photo by Robert Capa.CORBIS.

As part of the air war on Germany, Allied bombers launched a devastating attack on Dresden, a major economic center, in February 1945. Of the civilians who died, most from burns or smoke inhalation during the firestorm, a large number were women and children, refugees from the Eastern Front. The city was left in ruins. SOURCE:“Commuters boarding a tram.” Getty Images,Inc.Photo by Fred Ramage (97K/HATY/7781/08).

HOLOCAUST•Systematic

•Nazis▫“final” solution

•Death camps

•6 million Jews

•Govt. knew

Zoot suit riots Pachucos Whites vs. Mexicans

EVERYONE’S WAR Blacks

“Double V” Tuskegee

Natives “magic”

This photograph shows the Genbaku Dome, the exterior of one of the buildings in central Hiroshima to survive the bombing. After the atomic bomb fell, fires thoughout the central city combined to make a huge fire storm. A “black rain” of radioactive debris caused by the blast fell for more than a hour, covering an even wider area. More than a quarter of the city’s population died immediately following the explosion, and few buildings within a radius of three miles were left standing.Bettmann/Corbis.