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© 2010 IBM Corporation
Smart City is a System of Systems
Ville Peltola, Innovation Director, Senior Technologist IBM Innovation Network
© 2010 IBM Corporation 2
Smarter cities – Facilitating the global discussion
Berlin
New York
Shanghai
June 2009 250 leaders
October 2009 500 leaders
June 2010 800 leaders
… plus 100+ local leader events … and 3,000+ city engagements
© 2010 IBM Corporation 3
What is a system?
“A group of interacting, interrelated, or interdependent elements forming a complex whole”
© 2010 IBM Corporation 4
Systems of our world and the $4 trillion opportunity
© 2010 IBM Corporation 5
Cities are a complex collection of systems
PEOPLE
ENERGY
WATER
ICT COMMERCE
TRAFFIC FACILITIES
… and silos
© 2010 IBM Corporation 6
Cities have systemic challenges
In a small business district in Los Angeles, driving around for parking in one year generated the equivalent of 38 trips around the world, burned 47,000 gallons of gas, emitted 730 tons of carbon dioxide.
Congested roadways cost $78 billion annually in the form of 4.2 billion lost hours and 2.9 billion gallons of wasted gas.
© 2010 IBM Corporation 7
And not just cities…
In the U.S., a typical carrot has traveled 1,600 miles, a potato 1,200 miles, a chuck roast 600 miles…
…grocers and consumers throw away $48 billion worth of food every year.
© 2010 IBM Corporation 8
Urbanization makes all the challenges even harder
In 2007, for the first time in history, the majority of the world’s population - 3.3 billion people - lived in cities. By 2050, city
dwellers are expected to make up 70% of Earth’s total population, or 6.4 billion people.
© 2010 IBM Corporation 9
Aging infrastructure in existing cities
Water
In the U.S., a significant water line bursts on average
every 2 minutes
Projections show energy consumption increasing by 50% in the next 25 years.
Transport Energy
33% of U.S. Roads in poor, mediocre or fair condition &
27% of bridges deficient
© 2010 IBM Corporation 10
The need to build totally new cities
Example: Masdar in UAE close to Abu Dhabi
© 2010 IBM Corporation 11
All this complexity is typically dealt by applying reductionism*
Intelligence cameras Automatic ticketing Access control Identification systems Intrusion alarms Video surveillance Fire detection and alarms …..
Alternative energy sources Energy management Building management Energy distribution Street lighting Water distribution Water treatment Sewers ……
Traffic management Radar cameras Traffic signaling Tolling Pedestrian crossings Subways Trains Buses Roads Parking ……
Fire engines Ambulances Emergency room Healthcare Public Health K-12 Universities Continuing education Economic development Social care ……
*a philosophical position that a complex system is nothing but the sum of its parts, and that an account of it can be reduced to accounts of individual constituents
© 2010 IBM Corporation 12
We argue that we will not understand cities through reductionism
Source: Sterman, John, “Business Dynamics: Systems Thinking and Modeling for a Complex World,” 2000, p. 187
© 2010 IBM Corporation 13
Not an easy task…
“When the burdens of the presidency seem unusually heavy, I always remind myself it could be worse. I
could be a mayor.”
© 2010 IBM Corporation 14
Smarter cities are finding solutions today
Social Services: In California, Smarter Services Agencies are improving case management for over 158,000 clients while saving nearly $70M
Water: In Texas, Smarter Water Management agencies have eliminated 1/3 of their service calls by predicting maintenance needs
Public Safety: In New York, Smarter Fire Departments are improving responsiveness and saving lives by integrating city information
© 2010 IBM Corporation 15
Technology can make these solutions possible
Turning Information into Insight
Optimizing systems to deliver outcomes
© 2010 IBM Corporation 16
We can measure, sense and monitor almost everything
Camera phones in existence able to document accidents, damage, and crimes
1 billion RFID tags embedded into our world and across entire ecosystems
30 billion Of new automobiles will contain event data recorders collecting travel information
85%
Instrumented Interconnected Intelligent
© 2010 IBM Corporation 17
People and systems can communicate freely
Instrumented Interconnected Intelligent
Mobile phone subscribers globally
4 billion People on the internet by 2011
2 billion Connected devices in the “internet of things”
1 trillion
© 2010 IBM Corporation 18
We can predict and respond to changes quickly
Instrumented Interconnected Intelligent
Or one quadrillion operations per second can be calculated
1 petaflop Of new information generated every day and can now be managed
15 petabytes Of granularity for weather prediction can be modeled and measured
1 kilometer²
© 2010 IBM Corporation 19
Smarter Planet – IBM’s current global agenda
Instrumented Interconnected Intelligent
An opportunity to think and act in new ways - economically, socially and technically.
+ + =
© 2010 IBM Corporation 20
“Smarter Cities” is a way to approach the complexity of the real world in terms of the flows of information by integration across multiple government agencies
Atlantic Council Awards Dinner, Washington, D.C., April 29, 2009
“And a city is a system—indeed, a city is a complex system of systems. All the ways in which the world works—from transportation, to energy, to healthcare, to commerce, to education, to security, to food and water and beyond—come together in our cities.”
Sources
• Meters • Traffic loops • Toll sensors • Surveillance cameras • Environmental sensors • Water flow, depth,….sensors • Energy flow sensors • Vehicle telematics (bus, taxi…) • Mobile telephone (anonymous) • People as sensors (environmental…) • People as data collectors (text, image, video…) • ….and many more
Uses
• “Understanding the city” • Multi-agency alarms and emergency response • Multi-factor predictive models (congestion prediction…) • Multi-factor risk analysis (impact of storms…) • Input to government processes (“Fix that hole”) • Polling (planning preferences…) • Billing (resource consumption, transit, parking…) • Visualizations (many kinds) • ….and many more
© 2010 IBM Corporation 21
A Smarter City is considered to be a single system with many interconnecting and interdependent sub systems. The ability to instrument, interconnect and gain intelligence is a fundamental requirement for a Smarter City.
City
Water Energy
Transportation Security Waste
CO Emissions ICT
Buildings
Smarter City is a system of systems
© 2010 IBM Corporation 22
Example: Holistic and integrated approach to city operation
Smarter City Operations Center and City Operators as new professions, who can coordinate city operations intelligently
and automatically between city agencies
© 2010 IBM Corporation 23
Water scenario video (3 minutes)
© 2010 IBM Corporation 24
Manage Data 1
Analyze Patterns 2
Optimize Outcomes 3
Uni
que
valu
e re
aliz
ed
Use of Smarter Planet capabilities
Sensors Data Integration
Analytics Asset Management
Collaboration Process Automation
The path to smarter cities
© 2010 IBM Corporation 25
Can you operate a smart city – why not try?
© 2010 IBM Corporation 26
Smarter Cities Challenge - $50M to 100 cities
© 2010 IBM Corporation 27
Thank you