24b1331f5a0bcf6f3fc694f780910f46

8/11/2019 24b1331f5a0bcf6f3fc694f780910f46

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/24b1331f5a0bcf6f3fc694f780910f46 1/4

Development of Home Energy Management System Using Arduino

K. N. Ramli1, A. Joret

2and N. H. Saad

3

Faculty of Electrical and Electronic Engineering,

Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, 86400 Parit Raja, Batu Pahat, Johor1

[email protected],

2

[email protected],

3

[email protected]

ABSTRACT

A new method of integrating arduino with relay

and transistor for home energy managementsystem is proposed. The arduino is developed as a

controller to manage the lamp, fan and air-

conditioner. It correspond the relay, lamp and fan

via PIR sensor, and air conditioner via temperaturesensor. The energy consumed by the electrical

appliances can be saved by at least 1.5% with the

implementation of arduino.

KEYWORDS

Arduino, energy management, electrical appliances,

PIR sensor, temperature sensor.

1 INTRODUCTION

The need for efficient energy consumption in

building sector particularly for house and officeusage is increasing every year [1]. The energyconsumed by a building is generally connected to

one or more appliances such as the lamp, fan and

air-conditioner. This leads to the idea of zero

energy buildings by implementing photovoltaictechnology as a source to produce a renewable

energy system [2-4] and energy consumed by the

building itself [3, 5]. The buildings provide a

technically reasonable approach to reducingenergy consumption in buildings. In addition, the

implementation of high efficiency lighting andappliances also contributes to energy efficiency[6].

Some efforts have been made incorporatingwireless controller into the energy consumption

used by appliances [7-8]. Apart from these

devices, several researches in the publishedliterature employed Arduino hardware system into

their work [9-17]. The primary advantage of using

arduino is due to the fact that it is an open

hardware platform which allows fast prototype

development using C++. In addition, thedevelopment of the system and troubleshooting

becomes not a complicated part of the overall

research work.

Recently, the authors in [9] suggested an

automated control system for the sterilization

process of biological material. The composedcontrol system was developed based on arduino board. The results verified that the system was

capable of sustaining the temperature and pressure

for proper sterilization process. A ubiquitoushealthcare design monitoring system was

proposed by [10] for ubiquitous sensor network in

hospitals and smart home. The healthcaretechnology keeps healthcare workers up-to-date

about the latest computer-based solutions for

improving medical care and making healthcare

organizations more efficient. The sensor utilizedthe arduino board to send the data to the web

server via wireless module based on 802.11

protocols. The data collected from the patient can be remotely viewed and analyzed. The arduino

controller board was integrated in the compact

educational mobile robotic [11].

The integration of the device enables the use of

several tools for data analysis, interaction between

multiple robots and sensors. The technique wasvalidated by means of diverse experimental field

test conducted using different arduino-based

robotic platforms. The researchers in [12]

developed a node of Wireless Sensor Network(WSN) using arduino development platform for

precision agriculture and family crop application.

The work will allow more effective treatment tothe problems such as energy waste, water,

ISBN: 978-0-9891305-4-7 ©2014 SDIWC 12

8/11/2019 24b1331f5a0bcf6f3fc694f780910f46


agricultural defensives and irrigation processes.

Some of the researchers combine arduino system

with software [13-16]. The work done by [13]used arduino microcontroller that communicates

with an android for home automation. The system

implemented a remotely controlled smart home

with basic features that safeguard the residentcomfort and security. Later, the authors in [14]

also employed arduino-android platform to

develop a smart plug that provides real timeupdate of the energy consumption at the device.

The results obtained using the device showed an

energy saving of fifteen percent. In [15], aneducational environment for online control of a

biped robot using matlab and arduino was

proposed. The features help the students to study

kinematics and dynamics of the robot. Theintegration of arduino, android and wiki software

was developed by [16] for machine-to-machine

(M2M) system. The system consists of mobileterminals (android terminal and arduino) and web

sites (wiki software). The mobile terminal reads

data from the sensors in the Arduino board andsends the data to a wiki page. The arduino

capability was expanded by adding an 802.15.4

wireless module, in order to expose its

functionality as a web of things node [17]. Thework also described necessary steps to make a

heterogeneous network interoperate and the

implementation of a network stack. In this work,

arduino system is integrated with relay andtransistor for home automation. The arduino is

used as a controller for lamp and fan via PIR

sensor, and air conditioner via temperature sensor.

2 METHODOLOGY

Figure 1. Block diagram for hardware development.

Figure 1 shows the block diagram for hardware

development. In this case, the electrical

equipments that are going to be controlled arelamp, fan and air-conditioner. Arduino UNO is

firstly programmed to communicate with the

relay. It is designed as a controller to control the

relay that act as a switch.

Relay is used in this circuit because it is an

electrical operated switch that can be connecteddirectly to the output. The relay switch

connections are usually labeled as command

(COM), normally closed (NC) and normally open(NO). In switched on state, the circuit will be

connected to COM and NC. On the other hand, the

circuit will be connected to COM and NO in

switched off condition.

Three relays are employed separately in order to

control the electrical equipments. The lamp iscontrolled by arduino via the combination of relay

and PIR sensor. Similarly, the fan is controlled by

arduino via the arrangement of relay and PIRsensor. In contrast, the air-conditioner is

controlled by arduino via the integration of relay

and temperature sensor.

In this work, the lamp, fan and air-conditioner are

rated as 18 W, 80 W and 900 W respectively. PIR

sensor is located at the ceiling one meter after the

entrance door. When PIR sensor detects thehuman movement, the lamp will be turned on

automatically. After a period of three minutes, the

lamp will be turned off. Any human movementwill switch on the lamp back.

It is noteworthy that the same controlling systemis used for the fan. The temperature sensor is

located at the wall one meter above the floor. The

integration of arduino with temperature sensor has

the ability to detect the room temperature. The air-conditioner will be turned on if the room

temperature is higher than 24C. Otherwise, it will be turned off. The system is designed to maintain

the room temperature at 24C and below.

ISBN: 978-0-9891305-4-7 ©2014 SDIWC 13

8/11/2019 24b1331f5a0bcf6f3fc694f780910f46


3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Figure 2. Graph of lamp energy consumption versus time.

Figure 2 shows the energy consumption graph forlamp. It can be observed that the energy used by

the lamp with arduino was less compared to the

lamp without the implementation of arduino. The

amount of energy saved by the lamp in percentagevaried from 1.5% to 2.7% as shown in Figure 3.

Figure 3. Graph of the percentage of energy saved for lamp

versus time.

Figure 4. Graph of fan energy consumption versus time.

Figure 5. Graph of the percentage of energy saved for fan

versus time.

Figure 4 illustrates the energy consumption graph

for the fan. It can be seen that the energy

consumed by the fan with arduino was lesscompared to the fan without the integration of

arduino. The amount of energy saved by the fan in

percentage varied from 1.8% to 2.8% as shown in

Figure 5.

Figure 6. Graph of air-conditioner energy consumption

versus time.

Figure 7. Graph of the percentage of energy saved for air-

conditioner versus time.

Figure 6 depicts the energy consumption graph for

the air-conditioner. It can be noted that the energyconsumed by the air-conditioner with arduino was

less compared to the air-conditioner without the

combination of arduino. The amount of energysaved by the air-conditioner in percentage varied

from 1.8% to 3.0% as shown in Figure 7.

4 CONCLUSION

In this work, arduino is combined with relay and

transistor for home energy management system.The arduino is basically programmed as a

controller to communicate with the relay which is

connected with lamp and fan via PIR sensor, and

air conditioner via temperature sensor. It can beshown from the results that by implementing

arduino, the energy consumed by the electrical

ISBN: 978-0-9891305-4-7 ©2014 SDIWC 14

8/11/2019 24b1331f5a0bcf6f3fc694f780910f46


appliances can be saved. In addition, the system

can also be applied to small scale office building.

5 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

This work is fully sponsored by MTUN COE

grant (C022). In addition, we would like toexpress our sincere thanks to Universiti Tun

Hussein Onn Malaysia (UTHM).

6 REFERENCES

[1] P. Hernandez and P. Kenny, “From net energy to zero

energy buildings: Defining life cycle zero energy buildings,” Energy and Buildings 42, pp. 815-821,2010.

[2] N. Aste, R. S. Adhikari and C. Del Pero, “Photovoltaic

technology for renewable electricity production:Towards net zero energy buildings,” InternationalConference on Clean Electrical Power (ICCEP), pp.

446-450, 2011.[3]

M. S. Todorovic, O. E. Djuric, I. Matinovic and D.Licina, “Renewable energy sources and energyefficiency for building's greening: From traditionalvillage houses via high-rise residential building's BPSand RES powered co- and tri-generation towards netZEBuildings and cities,” IEEE 3rd InternationalSymposium on Exploitation of Renewable EnergySources (EXPRES), pp. 29-37, 2011.

[4]

D. Mooney and B. Kroposki, “Electricity, resources,and building systems integration at the NationalRenewable Energy Laboratory,” IEEE Power & EnergySociety General Meeting (PES), pp. 1-3, 2009.

[5]

B. Todorovic, “Towards zero energy buildings: Newand retrofitted existing buildings,” IEEE 3rdInternational Symposium on Exploitation of RenewableEnergy Sources (EXPRES), pp. 7-14, 2011.

[6]

R. S. Srinivasan, W. W. Braham, D. P. Campbell and C.D. Curcija, “Energy balance framework for net zeroenergy buildings,” Proceedings of the 2011 WinterSimulation Conference (WSC), pp. 3360-3372, 2011.

[7]

D. -M. Han and J. -H. Lim, “Smart home energymanagement system using IEEE 802.15.4 and zigBee,”IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics, vol. 56,no. 3, pp. 1403-1410, 2010.

[8] D. -M. Han and J. -H. Lim, “Design and implementationof smart home energy management systems based onzigbee,” IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics,vol. 56, no. 3, pp. 1417-1425, 2010.

[9] J. A. Arizaga, J. Calleja, R. Hernandez and A. Benitez,

“Automatic control for laboratory sterilization process based on arduino hardware,” 22nd International

Conference on Electrical Communications andComputers (CONIELECOMP), pp. 130-133, 2012.

[10]

H. Kemis, N. Bruce, W. Ping, T. Antonio, L. B. Gookand H. J. Lee, “Healthcare monitoring application inubiquitous sensor network: Design and implementation based on pulse sensor with arduino,” 6th InternationalConference on New Trends in Information Science andService Science and Data Mining (ISSDM), pp. 34-38,2012.

[11]

A. Araujo, D. Portugal, M. S. Couceiro and R. P.Rocha, “Integrating Arduino-based educational mobilerobots in ROS,” 13th International Conference onAutonomous Robot Systems (Robotica), pp. 1-6, 2013.

[12]

J. F. M. C. Silva, R. C. Gomes, A. O. F. Nascimento, J.W. M. Menezes, F. D. Silva and L. E. B. Alves,“Building a node for wireless sensor network based onopen source platform arduino,” Brazilian Symposiumon Computing System Engineering (SBESC), pp. 224,2012.

[13] K. Baraka, M. Ghobril, S. Malek, R. Kanj and A.Kayssi, “Low cost arduino/android-based energy-efficient home automation system with smart taskscheduling,” Fifth International Conference on

Computational Intelligence, Communication Systemsand Networks (CICSyN), pp. 296-301, 2013.

[14]

A. H. Shajahan and A. Anand, “Data acquisition andcontrol using arduino-android platform: Smart plug,”International Conference on Energy EfficientTechnologies for Sustainability (ICEETS), pp. 241-244,2013.

[15]

A. M. Al-Busaidi, “Development of an educationalenvironment for online control of a biped robot usingMATLAB and arduino,” 9th France-Japan & 7thEurope-Asia Congress on and Research and Educationin Mechatronics (REM), pp. 337-344, 2012.

[16]

T. Yamanoue, K. Oda and K. Shimozono, “A M2Msystem using arduino, android and wiki software,” IIAIInternational Conference on Advanced AppliedInformatics (IIAIAAI), pp. 123-128, 2012.

[17]

V. Georgitzikis, O. Akribopoulos and I.Chatzigiannakis, “Controlling physical objects via theinternet using the arduino platform over 802.15.4networks,” IEEE Latin America Transactions, vol. 10,no. 3, pp. 1686-1689, 2012.

ISBN: 978-0-9891305-4-7 ©2014 SDIWC 15

Documents

24b1331f5a0bcf6f3fc694f780910f46