24807_Chapter+2+-+Accidents+and+their+Effects_1

7/25/2019 24807_Chapter+2+-+Accidents+and+their+Effects_1

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Accidents and their Efects


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Major TopicsCost o accidents

Work accident costs and rates

Time lost because o work injuriesDeaths in work accidents

Parts o the body injured on the job

Death rates by industry

Estimatin the cost o accidents


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!eadin Causes o Death in the

"nited #tatesAccidents are the ourth leadin cause o

death in this country ater heart disease$cancer and strokes%This rankin is based on all types o

accidents includin motor &ehicleaccidents$ drownin$ 'res$ alls$ naturaldisasters$ and work(related accidents%

The modern &iew is that accidents are toocostly and that accident pre&ention makessense economically%


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)&erall Cost o anAccidentThe o&erall cost o accidents in the "nited #tates is

appro*imately +,-. billion in a typical year%These costs include such actors as lost waes$ medical

e*penses$ insurance administration$ 're(related losses$

property damae and indirect costs%breaks down the cost o accidents by accident type / motor

&ehicle accidents cost the most$ ollowed by workplaceaccidents%

breaks down the cost o accidents by cost cateories /waes lost cost the most$ ollowed by medical e*penses%

E&ery dollar that is spent respondin to accidents is a dollarthat could ha&e been rein&ested in moderni0ation$ researchand de&elopment$ acilities uprades$and othercompetiti&eness enhancin acti&ities%


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1i&e !eadin Causes o Accidental

DeathsThe '&e leadin causes o deaths per year in

the "nited #tates are2

motor &ehicle accidents 345$...6alls 3,7$...6

poisonin 35$...6

drownin 3-$...6

and 're(related injuries 34$...6%


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!eadin Cause o Death o People

between 8- and 44Althouh there are more deaths each year

rom heart disease$ cancer and strokes$amon people 75 years and youner

accidents are the number one cause o death%Workplace accidents cost employers millions

e&ery year%

Arco Chemical Company was ordered to pay

+7%49 million in 'nes as a result o ailin toprotect workers rom an e*plosion at itspetrochemical plant in Channel&iew$ Te*as%


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Today:s rate o accidental work

death compared to ,;..sAs the amount o attention i&en to workplace

saety and health has increased$ the accidentrate has decreased%

n ,;;9 there were appro*imately ,.$...

work deaths$ costin +49%- billion%


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1i&e leadin cause o Work

Deaths>n a typical year there are ,.$4.. work

deaths in the "nited #tates%

The '&e leadin causes o work deathsare2

motor &ehicles 375%8=6

alls 3,8%-=6

electric current 37%5=6drownin 37%8=6

and 're related 37%,=6


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1i&e !eadin Causes o Work

>njuriesThe most common causes o work injuries

are2

)&ere*ertion>mpact accidents 3power tools6

1alls


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Death ?ates by >ndustryTypeWhen death rates are computed by industry

each year per ,..$... workers the rankinsare2

,% Minin@uarryin

8% Ariculture

7% Construction

4% Transportation@public utilities-% Bo&ernment


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?ankin o njury >n order to de&elop and maintain an efecti&e saety and

health proram it is necessary to know the most commoncauses o death and injury$ and the parts o the body mostreuently injured%

Disablin work injuries in ,;;9 was appro*imately ,%5-million% ,.$4.. were atal and .$... resulted in somepermanent impairment%

Most reuent injured parts o body2,%


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Chemical


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eat njuries in the

WorkplaceAlmost 4.= o all such injuries occur in

manuacturin each year%

The most common causes are Game 3includessmoke inhalation injuries6$ molten metal$petroleum asphalts$ steam$ and water%

The most common acti&ities associated withheat burn injuries are weldin$ cuttin with a

torch$ and handlin tar or asphalt%


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?#> 3?epetiti&e #train@#ot Tissue

>njuries6 and Carpel Tunnel #yndrome3CT#6?#> is a broad and eneric term that

encompasses a &ariety o injuries resultinrom cumulati&e trauma to the sot tissue othe bodyF enerally o the hands$ arms$neck$ and shoulders%

CT# is the most widely known ?#>% Carpel

tunnel is the area o the wrist throuh whichthe median ner&e passes% #ymptoms o CT#include numbness$ a tinlin sensation$ andpain in the 'ners$ hand$ or wrist%


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omework,% When the o&erall cost o an accident is calculated$ what

elements make up the costH8% What are the - leadin causes o accident deaths in the

"nited #tatesH

7% What are the '&e leadin causes o work injuries by typeo accidentH

4% When death rates are classi'ed by industry type$ whatare the three leadin industry typesH

-% ?ank the ollowin body parts accordin to the reuencyo injury rom hihest to lowest2 neck$ 'ners$ trunk$ back$

and eyes%% E*plain the diference between ?#> and carpal tunnel

syndrome%

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24807_Chapter+2+-+Accidents+and+their+Effects_1