2/4/2015

1. Turn in Everest Article and Questions2. Complete “How Do You breathe?” exercise3. Answer these Review Qs-A. What process allows oxygen to enter the

bloodstream? How?B. What process gets rid of Carbon dioxide?

How?C. Why is it harder to breathe if you are

climbing at an altitude of 10,000 ft.?D. How is most oxygen transported in the

blood?E. How is most carbon dioxide transported in

the blood?

Controls of Breathing

Page 27

What controls breathing?

Involuntary/passive Respiratory center- group of neurons

in the brain stem which control inspiration and expiration

Controls breathing rate and depth

How does the brain control respiration?

Parts of the Brain: Medulla oblonga

ta-Inspiration center-

Expiration center-

Basic rhythm pattern of diaphragm

Pons-

Smooths out transition between inspiration and expiration

Pons

How are CO2 levels detected in the blood?

Chemoreceptors- AKA-chemosensitive areas Medulla chemoreceptors-

Sensitive to concentration changes of CO2, and pH

Too much CO2 - breathing increases to rid body of excess CO2

How are O2 levels detected in the blood?

Peripheral chemoreceptors- Sensitive to low concentration of O2

Triggers the respiratory center to increase breathing rate

Emotions- fear and pain can increase breathing ratesIf breathing is stopped, CO2 and H+ build up and O2 gets lower- body will have urge to breathe

Effects of hyperventilation- too much of an increase in breathing rate- can be dizzy or faint due to low CO2 levels, cerebral blood vessels constrictCan be averted by breathing in paper bag which has a higher conc. Of CO2

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=92irFmOa4eA

Effects of hypoventilation- can be dizzy or faint due to low O2 levels, can cause death if rate is slowed too muchTypically caused by mountain sickness or intake of sedatives, strokehttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=beLF6fchjqI

Oxygen Levels of High Altitude

Same amount of oxygen in air- 21%

Air is less dense, the higher you go (Boyle’s LAW)

Molecules are further away- harder to get oxygen

Can acclimatize- acclimate/adapt to higher altitude

Adapting to a High Altitude Read and highlight/annotate your article.

Answer the following questions:1. Besides the daily extremes of climate, what is

another challenge of high altitudes?2. True/False-There is less oxygen available at

higher altitudes.3. So why does it feel so difficult to breathe at

higher altitudes?4. What physiologically changes when we arrive

at a higher altitude?5. Why is the Olympic Training Center located in

Colorado?6. What evolutionary changes are present in

native people in Peru/Bolivia and Nepal?

Ticket OUT DOORA. What process allows oxygen to enter

the bloodstream from the alveolus? How?

B. What process gets rid of Carbon dioxide? How?

C. Why is it harder to breathe if you are climbing at an altitude of 10,000 ft.?

D. How is most oxygen transported in the blood?

E. How is most carbon dioxide transported in the blood?