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4

U N I V E R S I T Y O F C O L O M B O , S R I L A N K A

F A C U L T Y O F L A W

B A C H E L O R O F L A W S E X A M I N A T I O N , Y E A R I I I - 2015/2016

P U B L I C I N T E R N A T I O N A L L A W

(Three Hours)

Total number of questions: 07

Answer any F O U R questions O N L Y .

(Candidates will be penalized for illegible handwriting)

1. "I t is to be hoped that there w i l l be continued and sustained critical reflection by scholars on the purposes and impact o f international law - and on who it empowers and who it excludes. For it is not by unquestioned application but only through a high level o f scrutiny that international law can serve as a progressive force."

In light o f the above statement, critically analyse, at least, T W O current issues which reflect the development and application of public international law.

2. The State of Somiland had ratified the Convention against Worst Forms of Child Labour in 2001. In the most recent International Labour Organization report on the country's application of the standards o f the Convention, it was noted that a widespread custom exists in Somiland which encourages children from poor families being given to wealthier families to work as domestic servants in exchange for food, board, and the promise o f opportunities for education. Evidence is available to the effect that many of these children, some as young as 5 years old, are victims o f trafficking and all of them are made vulnerable to mental, physical and sexual abuse in these homes, in addition to being exploited of their labour. A Non-Governmental Organization criticizes this practice as a modern form of slavery. The Government o f Somiland responded to the report by stating that it has fulfilled its international obligations to protect children under the Convention since it has adopted a National Strategy and commissioned a National Committee to explore the means of ending this custom and a public awareness campaign against the custom has already been launched.

1

Assume that you are a child protection activist and a lawyer in Somiland and much concerned about the continued practice of the custom. You decide to write an article to the newspapers on the theoretical and practical aspects of the issue highlighting the nature of the international obligations undertaken by the State and how they could be used more effectively to protect the child domestic workers in Somiland. Assuming that the legal system of Somiland is similar to that of Sri Lanka, draft the article.

3. "I t is an essential attribute of the sovereignty of all independent States that the State should possess jurisdiction over all persons, things and incidents within its territorial limits and all causes, civil and criminal, arising within these limits".

Do you agree with the above statement? Your answer should include a discussion on the traditional principles relating to jurisdiction and the possible limitations placed on them considering the nature of events that confront many States today.

4. The legal regime of diplomatic immunity has been clearly regulated and is one of the least problematic areas of public international law today. On the other hand, the area of sovereign immunity becomes more and more complicated, particularly as a result of the growing involvement of States in many activities.

Critically comment on the above statement in light of the development of law in these spheres with particular reference to the nature of such claims made recently.

5. 'Athomy Limited' operates a nuclear plant in the territory of State o f Myland, adjacent to the border o f State Yourland. The legal provisions of Myland require that the officials of relevant authorities shall inspect the plant periodically in order to ensure that the safety measures are put in place. However, the officials failed to inspect the plant for more than two years. Following a recent heavy rain and flash floods in Myland, the nuclear plant area was submerged in water and the supply of electricity got disconnected. Due to the failure of safety systems of the plant, radioactive materials got spread into the territory of Yourland through a canal. The Yourland authorities detected radiation affecting agricultural fields, fish, cattle and some farmers in several villages along the border of Myland.

Assume that you are a Counsel attached to the Attorney General's Department of Yourland. You are requested to write an opinion paper on this issue highlighting relevant provisions of international law under which a successful claim can be pursued against Myland.

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6. Answer B O T H (A) and (B):

(A) 'The rights, powers and privileges of a subject of international law vary according to the nature of the subject and a considerable development o f law can be witnessed in this sphere today'.

Critically assess the validity of the above statement in light of two international legal personalities. Cite authorities for your answer.

(B) Peacelava declared unilateral independence from State Bumbblerock and claimed sovereign status as a new State. Meanwhile, a terrible civil war broke out in Peacelava and the grip o f the government in power was restricted to the Capital City, Peesavilla while the rebel group controlled the remaining areas. Later, when the rebel group took over Peacelava, the government in power became a government in exile in State Suhadamaru and attempted to govern from there.

Assume that you are the main legal adviser to the Foreign Ministry of Kokalake a neighbouring State of Suhadamaru. The Head of the State of Kokalake wishes to seek your advice on how to respond to the above situation considering his friendly relation with Bumbblerock. Advise him.

7. Answer B O T H (A) and (B):

(A) The various methods used for settling international disputes are not significantly different from one another. In fact, we can regard them as more of the same'

Do you agree with the above statement? Explain your answer with reference to pacific methods of dispute settlement in international law.

(B) State Chandia assembles its armed forces along its border with State Samakaamee and points its armoured tanks towards the latter. Meanwhile, Samakaamee comes to know that Chandia has provided military training and weapons to a clandestine rebel group that plans to overthrow its democratically elected government. Samakaamee wishes to invade Chandia with the support of a regional organization, which has intervened in similar occasions previously in the region.

Discuss the legal implications arising from the above situation. Support your answer with relevant authorities.

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