239700388 HSB January2014 Paper 2 Past Paper

8/16/2019 239700388 HSB January2014 Paper 2 Past Paper

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CARIBBEAN EXAMINATIONS COUNCIL CARIBBEAN EXAMINATIONS COUNCIL

CARIBBEAN SECONDARY EDUCATION CERTIFICATE8 CARIBBEAN SECONDA RY EDUCATION CERTIFICATE®

ANSWER BOOKLET ANSWER BOOKLET

15 JANUARY 2014 (a.m.))

FILL IN ALL THE IN FORMATION REQUE STED CLE ARLY AND LEGIBLY

TEST CODE 0 1 2 5 3 0 2 0 TEST CODE 0 1 2 5 3 0 2 0

SUBJECT HUMAN AND SOCIAL BIOLOGY SUBJECT HUMAN AND SOCIAL BIOLOGY

PROFICIENCY GENERAL PROFICIENCY GENERAL

REGISTRATION

NU MB ER

FOR CXC® USE ONLY

QUES

NOS. PI P2 TOTAL

01

02

03

04

05

06

TOTAL

REGISTRATION

NUMB ER

SCHOOL/CENTRE NUMBER

NAME OF SCH OOL/CENTRE

CANDIDATE’S FULL NAME

DATE OF BIRTH

Day Month Year

SEX

MALE □

□FEMALE

s : ; n a t u r e

BELOW THIS LINE FOR CXC 4 USE ONLY


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TEST CODE 01253020

FORM TP 2014012£

JANUARY 2014

C A R I B B E A N E X A M I N A T I O N S C O U N C I L

CARIBBEAN SECONDARY EDUCATION CERTIFICATE®

EXAMINATION

HUMAN AND SOCIAL BIOLOGY

READ THE FOLLOWING INSTRUCTIONS CAREFULLY.

1. This pape r consists of SIX questions in TWO sections.

2. Answ er ALU questions.

3. Write you r answers in the spaces prov ided in this booklet.

4. Each question is worth 15 marks.

DO NOT TURN THIS PAGE UNTIL YOU ARE TOLD TO DO SO.

P a p e r 0 2 - General Proficiency

2 hours

Copyright © 2012 Caribbean Exam inations Council

All rights reserved.

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1. (a)

SECTION A

Answer ALL questions in this section.

Write your answers in the spaces provided in this booklet.

Figure 1 is a diagram of part of the human respiratory system.

Figure 1. Part of the human respira tory system

Nam e the struc tures labelled A, B and C in Figure 1.

A ______________________________________________________________________________

B ______________________________________________________________________________

C _____________________________________________________________________________

(3 marks)

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(b) (i) Choose the correct term from the list provided in brackets to complete the following

sentence.

(lifestyle, nutritional, respiratory, sexually transm itted)

Asthma is described as a _ disease.

(1 mark)

(ii) State TW O signs/sym ptom s of asthma.

(2 marks)

(c) Table 1 shows the num ber of persons suffering from asthma in different parts o f a country.

TABLE 1: DATA ON ASTH MA CASES

Location Activity Number o f Asthma Cases

per 1000 Persons

City Business 25

Countryside A Vegetable farming 5

C oun try side B H eavy m etal industries 40

(i) On the grid provided on page 5, draw a bar graph to represent the data in Table 1

(Location and Num ber o f Asthma Cases).

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(3 marks)

(ii) Use your knowledge of the triggers o f asthma and the data provided in Table 1 to

accoun t for the numb er o f asthma cases in different parts o f the country.

(4 marks)

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A v e r a g e

n u m b e r

o f a s t h m a

a t t a c k s

(d) Figure 2 shows the average numb er of asthma attacks per person during a year-long study,

and the level of Sahara dust particles in the air.

Figure 2. Average num ber of asthma attacks and level of Sahara dust particles

Describe the trend shown in Figure 2.

(2 marks)

Total 15 marks

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2. The purpose o f the circulatory system is to transpo rt substances from one part o f the body to

another. Figure 3 shows a micrograph o f blood cells.

Figure 3. A micrograph of blood cells

(a) (i) Nam e the structures labelled A and B in Figure 3.

A _______________________________________________________________________

B _______________________________________________________________________

(2 marks)

(ii) State ONE function of EACH o f the structures labelled A and B.

A

B _______________________________________________________________________

(2 marks)

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(b) When a blood vessel is cut, a clot soon forms to prevent the entry o f bacteria. During the

blood-clotting process, fibrinogen is converted to fibrin. Which o f these proteins (fibrinogen

and fibrin) is soluble and which is insoluble?

Soluble

Insoluble _______________________________________________________________________

(2 marks)

(c) Figure 4 shows a transverse section through a normal artery.

Figure 4. Transverse section through a normal artery

Com plete the draw ing o f the artery in Figure 5 to show the effects o f nicotine on the artery.

Anno tate your draw ing to explain how nicotine affects the artery.

Figure 5. Incomplete drawing of an artery

(5 marks)

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(d) After sitting on a stool in the laboratory for several hours, Robert notices that his lower

limbs feel very heavy. After walking artxiiKi for a while, the heavy fee ling goes away.

Explain the association of tissue fluid and i> ~ph with Robert’s symptoms.

(4 marks)

Total 15 marks

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3. F igure 6 shows a diagram of a human - .e : - -: '

Glomerulus, network,

of blood capillaries

Arteriole Arteriole

L m ? ®£ Henle

Figure 6. Diagram ; ± aephron

(a) (i) Nam e the parts labelled A arc 5 ~ F isi»e 6.

A ___ ______________________________________________________ _ _______________

B _______________________________________________________________________ (2 marks)

(ii) State ONE function of EA CH :: : i 's labelled A and B.

A ________

B

(2 marks)

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(b) The kidney is an excretory organ. Nam e ON E OTH ER excretory organ, and the substance

it excretes.

Organ ______________________________________________________________________

Substance ______________________________________________________________________

(2 marks)

(c) As a result o f diabetes, Tom my’s kidneys have malfunctione d and he needs renal dialysis to

control the volume and composition o f his blood. Figure 7 shows a simple representation

of the inside o f a kidney dialysis machine.

Dialysis fluid in (approximately the same salt and glucose concentration as the blood)

Figure 7. Simp le representation o f the inside of a kidney dialysis machine

(i) Based on the diagram in Figure 7, explain why a partially permeable membrane

is needed in renal dialysis.

(2 marks)

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(ii) Why is it necessary for the dialysis fluid to have approxim ately the same glucose

concentration as Tommy’s blood?

(2 marks)

(iii) If Tom my’s kidneys were normal, explain how his hypothalam us would control

the water content o f his blood when blood solute concen tration is high.

(5 marks)

Total 15 marks

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4. (a) (i) Com plete the following sentence:

Sewage consists o f _________________________and _________________________ ,

along with household _____________________ . (3 marks)

(ii) State TWO ways that remote comm unities could reduce the volume of household

refuse produced by the community.

(2 marks)

(iii) Your neighbours throw all their household refuse on a vacant piece of land next

to the playground. Explain why this improper disposal of household refuse poses

a threat to the health o f the community.

(2 marks)

(iv) Nam e TWO diseases that may be caused by this improper disposal o f household

refuse.

(2 marks)

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(b) Two me thods used in large-scale sewage treatm ent are activated sludge and biological

filter.

(i) Which com ponen t o f the treatment plant comes immediately before the activated

sludge tank?

(1 mark)

(ii) Comp are the functioning of the activated sludge and biological filter tanks. Your

answer should include TWO similarities and THREE differences.

Similarities _______ __________________________

Differences

(5 marks)

Total 15 marks

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SECTION B

Answer ALL questions in this section.

Write your answers in the spaces provided at the end of each question.

5. (a) To reduce the chances o f babies becom ing ill, mothe rs often use sterilization and

disinfection.

(i) State TWO differences between sterilization and disinfection. (4 marks)

(ii) Suggest how sterilization and disinfection could be used when caring for a baby.

Provide TWO situations for EACH method. (4 marks)

(b) Each time Shoba goes to the beach she gets an ear infection. The doctor prescribes

antibiotics for five days but each time, she stops taking the medication after three days,when she is no longer in pain. Now Shoba finds that the antibiotics are not effective

anymore.

(i) Wh at is me ant by the term ‘antibio tic’? (2 marks)

(ii) Explain why the antibiotics are not effective anymore, and suggest the measures

that Shoba should take in the future so that the antibiotics would be effective.

(5 marks)

Total 15 marks

Write your answer to Question 5 here.

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6. (a) The differences among individuals are due to variation.

Distinguish between continuous and discontinuous variation, and give ONE example of

EACH type o f variation. (4 marks)

(b) D ow n’s syndrome arises from a chromosom al mutation. How does the chromo some

num ber of a person with Do wn ’s syndrome differ from that o f a normal person?

(2 marks)

(c) Sex-linked inheritance occurs when the genes are on the sex chrom osome. In mo st cases,

the genes are on the X chromosome and not on the Y chromosome.

Use a Punnett square to determine the genotype o f the offspring o f a cross between a

female carrier of red-green colour blindness and a normal male. State the phenotype of

EACH offspring.

Use XRXr to deno te the carrier female and XRY to denote the norm al male. (6 marks)

(d) Cell phone towers have caused some concern because o f their close proxim ity to homes.

Suggest the possible

(0 type o f pollution that could result from these towers (1 mark)

(ii) effect of the pollution on humans (1 mark)

(iii) action that hum ans could take to reduce the effect of the pollution. (1 mark)

Total 15 marks

Write your answer to Question 6 here.

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239700388 HSB January2014 Paper 2 Past Paper