237 Topicwise Solved Previous Year Qs Sexual … ones produces androgenic haploids in anther cultures? [1990] (a) Anther wall (b) Tapetal layer of anther wall (c) Connective tissue

Topicwise Solved Previous Year Qs 237

Sexual Reproduction in

Flowering Plants

1. Formation of gametophyte directly

from sporophyte without meiosis is [1988]

(a) Apospory

(b) Apogamy (c) Parthenogenesis

(d) Amphimixis Solution: (a) A somatic cell in the nucellus directly forms an unreduced embryo sac and the

diploid egg parthenogenetically develops into embryo i.e. formation of gametophyte

from sporophyte without meiosis. It is

known as Apospory and it is a type of Apomixis.

2. Parthenogenesis is [1988]

(a) development of embryo without fertilization

(b) d eve l o p m e n t o f f r u i t w i t h o u t

fertilization (c) development of fruit without hormones

(d) development of embryo from egg without fertilization

Solution: (d) It is involved in apomixis (asexual

reproduction).

3. Male gametophyte of angiosperms is

shed as [1988] (a) four celled pollen grain

(b) three celled pollen grain (c) microspore mother cell

(d) anther Solution: (b) In majority of angiosperms the pollen grains are shed from the anther at bi-celled

stage (one generative cell and one

vegetative cell) but in some angiosperms the generative cell divides forming 2 sperms

prior to the dehiscence of anther & pollen grains are shed at 3 celled stage.

4. Total number of meiotic division

required for forming 100 zygotes/100

grains of wheat is [1988] (a) 100

(b) 75 (c) 125

(d) 50

Solution: (c) 100 zygotes requires 100 pollen grains and

100 embryo sacs. 100 pollen grains are formed from 25 microspore mother cells

while 100 embryo sacs are formed from 100 functional megaspores which in turn are

produced by 100 megaspore mother cells since three out of four megaspores

degenerate in each case.

5. Double fertilization and triple fusion

were discovered by [1988, 93] (a) Hofmeister

(b) Nawaschin and Guignard (c) Leeuwenhoek

(d) Strasburger

Solution: (b) In angiosperms one male gamete fuses

with the egg to form diploid zygote. The process is called syngamy. The other male

gamete fuses with the two polar nuclei to form triploid primary endosperm nucleus.

The process is called triple fusion. These two acts together known as double

fertilization. The process was Ist

demonstrated by Nawaschin & Guignard in Fritillaria & Lilium.

6. Development of an organism from

female gamete/egg without involving fertilization is [1989]

(a) Adventitive embryony (b) Polyembryony

(c) Parthenocarpy

(d) Parthenogenesis Solution: (d) Development of an organism from unfertilized egg is known as

parthenogenesis and when a fruit is developed by this technique it is called

parthenocarpy.

7. Nucellar embryo is [1989]

(a) Amphimictic haploid (b) Amphimictic diploid

(c) Apomictic haploid (d) Apomictic diploid

Solution: (d) Substitution of usual sexual reproduction

by a form of reproduction which does not

include meiosis and syngamy is called apomixis. In this phenomenon embryo is

developed by some other tissue without


fertilization eg. nucellus or integuments or

unfertilized egg. Nucellus is a diploid tissue so nucellar embryo is apomictic diploid.

8. Generative cell was destroyed by laser

but a normal pollen tube was still formed because

(a) vegetative cell is not damaged (b) contents of killed generative cell

stimulate pollen growth

(c) laser beam stimulates growth of pollen tube

(d) the region of emergence of pollen tube is not harmed

Solution: (a) Each microspore divide by mitotic division

making a smaller generative cell and a

larger vegetative cell or tube cell. If generative cell is damaged then the normal

pollen tube will be formed because pollen tube is formed by vegetative cell, not by

generative cell of microspore.

9. Which is correct? [1989] (a) Gametes are invariably haploid

(b) Spores are invariably haploid

(c) Gametes are generally haploid (d) Both spores and gametes are invariably

haploid Solution: (a) Spores are formed in lower plants by mitotic division and they may be diploid

but gametes are always be made by meiosis & they are always haploid.

10. A diploid female plant and a tetraploid male plant are crossed. The

ploidy of endosperm shall be [1989, 2004] (a) tetraploid

(b) triploid (c) diploid

(d) pentaploid

Solution: (a) Diploid female plant will have 2 polar

nuclei (each haploid) with which one male gamete form tetraploid male plant (male

gamete of tetraploid plant will be diploid)

fuses, making endosperm. So endosperm

will be tetraploid.

11. Which ones produces androgenic haploids in anther cultures? [1990]

(a) Anther wall (b) Tapetal layer of anther wall

(c) Connective tissue (d) Young pollen grains

Solution: (d) Androgenic haploids are produced by young pollen grains because rest all are the

diploid tissue.

12. Male gametophyte of angiosperms/monocots is [1990]

(a) Microsporangium

(b) Nucellus (c) Microspore

(d) Stamen Solution: (c)

Microspore is haploid, uninucleate, minute spore produced in large number as a result

of meiosis in microspore mother cell inside the microsporangia. These are the first cell

of gametophytic generation in angiosperms.

13. Female gametophyte of angiosperms

is represented by [1990] (a) Ovule

(b) Megaspore mother cell (c) Embryo sac

(d) Nucellus Solution: (c) Embryo sac is 7-celled structure. There is

a large central cell with two polar nuclei, egg apparatus with egg cell and 2 synergids

present at micropylar end and its chalazal end, 3 antipodal cells are present.

14. Sperm and egg nuclei fuse due to

[1990]

(a) base pairing of their DNA and RNA (b) formation of hydrogen bonds

(c) mutual attraction (d) attraction of their protoplasts

Solution: (d) Sperm or male gamete fuses with egg or

female gamete because of the attraction of their protoplast. Some chemicals are

secreted by ovule or egg wall to attract the

male gamete or sperm.

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15. Entry of pollen tube through

micropyle is [1990] (a) Chalazogamy

(b) Mesogamy (c) Porogamy

(d) Pseudogamy Solution: (c) In porogamy the tip of pollen tube enters the micropyle, pushes through the nucellar

tissue & finally pierces the egg-apparatus

end of the embryo sac. If pollen tube enters through chalazal side it is called

chalazogamy & if it enters laterally it is called mesogamy.

16. Cellular totipotency was

demonstrated by [1991]

(a) Theodore Schwann (b) A.V. Leeuwenhoek

(c) F.C. Steward (d) Robert Hooke

Solution: (c) F.C. Steward & co-workers in 1964 raised

the entire carrot plant from carrot-root culture. They established the cellular

totipotency i.e. capacity of a cell to develop

a new plant. However the idea of totipotency was given earlier by German

botanist Gottlieb Haberlandt. He tried to grow isolated leaf cell but could not

succeed.

17. Pollination occurs in [1991] (a) Bryophytes and angiosperms

(b) Pteridophytes and angiosperms

(c) Angiosperms and gymnosperms (d) Angiosperms and fungi

Solution: (c) Pollen grains are found only in

Gymnosperms and Angiosperms.

18. Embryo sac occurs in [1991]

(a) Embryo (b) Axis part of embryo

(c) Ovule (d) Endosperm

Solution: (c) Embryo sac is a female gametophyte which

contains the egg apparatus.

19. Which of the following pair has

haploid structures? [1991] (a) Nucellus and antipodal cells

(b) Antipodal cells and egg cell

(c) Antipodal cells and megaspore mother

cell (d) Nucellus and primary endosperm

nucleus Solution: (b) (a) Nucellus - 2n, antipodal cells - n (b) Antipodal cells - n, egg cell - n (c) Antipodal

cells - n, megaspore mother cell - 2n (d) Nucellus - 2n primary endosperm nucleus -

3n Antipodal and egg cell are the product of

meiotic division and rest are not.

20. Point out the odd one? [1991] (a) Nucellus

(b) Embryo sac (c) Micropyle

(d) Pollen grain

Solution: (d) They are all found in ovule (Nucellus,

Embryo sac & Micropyle) while pollen grain is male gametophyte.

21. Syngamy means [1991]

(a) fusion of gametes (b) fusion of cytoplasms

(c) fusion of two similar spores

(d) fusion of two dissimilar spores Solution: (a) Fusion of male gamete with the egg is called syngamy.

22. Double fertilization is fusion of

[1991] (a) two eggs

(b) two eggs and polar nuclei with pollen

nuclei (c) one male gamete with egg and other

with synergid (d) one male gamete with egg and other

with secondary nucleus Solution: (d) Refer ans. 5

23. Meiosis is best observed in dividing

[1992] (a) cells of apical meristem

(b) cells of lateral meristem (c) microspores and anther wall

(d) microsporocytes Solution: (d) Microsporocytes or microspore mother cell

after meiosis give rise to microspore. No any other cell (in given options) divide by

meiosis.


24. A population of genetically identical individuals, obtained from asexual

reproduction is [1993] (a) Callus

(b) Clone (c) Deme

(d) Aggregate Solution: (b) Cloning is a technique by which genetically

same individuals can be produced without including any sexual reproduction eg. Dolly

sheep. The term clone is derived from źėłķ, the Greek word for ―twig‖, refering to the

process, whereby a new plant can be created from a twig.

25. Which of the following plant cells will show totipotency? [1993]

(a) Sieve tubes (b) Xylem vessels

(c) Meristem (d) Cork cells

Solution: (c) Xylem vessels and cork cells are dead

while sieve tube cells do not possess nuclei.

26. Study of formation, growth and

development of new individual from an egg is [1993]

(a) Apomixis (b) Embryology

(c) Embryogeny (d) Cytology

Solution: (b) Embryology is the study of an individual's life cycle after the fertilization takes place

and till it develops into a new organism.

27. Ovule is straight with funiculus, embryo sac, chalaza and micropyle lying

on one straight line. It is [1993]

(a) Orthotropous (b) Anatropous

(c) Campylotropous (d) Amphitropous

Solution: (a) It is a Polygonum type ovule in which the

body of ovule is straight i.e. funiculus, chalaza, embryo sac & micropyle lie in the

same vertical axis.

28. Double fertilization is characteristic

of [1993]

(a) Angiosperms

(b) Pteridophytes (c) Gymnosperms

(d) Bryophytes Solution: (a) Double fertilization in a characteristic feature of angiosperms in which one male

gamete fuses with egg (called syngamy) and other male gamete fuses with 2 polar nuclei

(called triple fusion) to form endosperm.

29. Number of meiotic divisions required

to produce 200/400 seeds of Pea would be [1993]

(a) 200/400 (b) 400/800

(c) 300/600

(d) 250/500 Solution: (d) 200 seeds of pea would be produced from 200 pollen grains and 200 embryo sac. 200

pollen grains will be formed by 50 microspore mother cell while 200 embryo

sac will be formed by 200 megaspore mother cell (because 3 will degenerate) so

250/500.

30. Haploid plant cultures are got from

[1994] (a) leaves

(b) root tip (c) pollen grain

(d) buds Solution: (c) All other are diploid. Best method of

haploid plant culture is pollen grain culture.

31. Chief pollinators of agricultural

crops are [1994] (a) butterflies

(b) bees

(c) moths (d) beetles

Solution: (b) Pollination by insect is known as

Entomophily. Among insects bees are the most common pollinators which pollinate

about 80% of the total insect pollinated flowers.

32. Transfer of pollen to the stigma of another flower of the same plant is

[1994]


(a) Autogamy

(b) Allogamy (c) Xenogamy

(d) Geitonogamy Solution: (d) Autogamy = Self Pollination Geitanogamy - (geiton = neighbour, gamos = marriage.) i.e.

when pollen grains are transferred to the stigma of other flower of the same plant (i.e.

neighboring flower). Allogamy = Xenogamy

– Cross pollination.

33. Fertilization involving carrying of male gametes by pollen tube is [1994]

(a) Porogamy (b) Siphonogamy

(c) Chalazogamy

(d) Syngonogamy Solution: (b) In angiosperms the male gametes are carried by the pollen tube was discovered

by Strasburger in 1884. The process is called Siphonogamy.

34. One of the most resistant biological

material is [1994]

(a) lignin (b) hemicellulose

(c) lignocellulose (d) sporopollenin

Solution: (d) Each pollen has two layered wall. The

outer layer is thick, tough, cuticularised called exine which is composed of a

material called "sporopollenin". It is highly

resistant to biological and physical decomposition, due to which pollens are

preserved for a long time in fossils.

35. In an angiosperm, how many microspore mother cells are required to

produce 100 pollen grains [1995]

(a) 25 (b) 50

(c) 75 (d) 100 36 The polyembryony commonly

occurs in Solution: (a) Each microspore mother cells undergoes meiosis to produce four pollen grains.

Thus, 25 microspore mother cells are

required to produce 100 pollen grains

36. The endosperm of gymnosperm is

[1999] (a) triploid

(b) haploid (c) diploid

(d) polyploid Solution: (b) In gymnosperms the female gametophyte forming archegonia provides nourishment

to the developing embryo. It later gets

transformed into food-laden endosperm inside the seed. Endosperm provides

nourishment for growth of seed at the time of seed germination. Triploid endosperm

occurs in angiosperms.

37. Reproducing new plants by cells

instead of seeds is known as [1995] (a) mutation

(b) tissue culture (c) antibiotics

(d) biofertilizer Solution: (b) Culture is the term generally used for artificial growth. The plant tissue culture

actually refers to the growth of plant cells,

tissues and organs on artificial nutrient media.

38. How many pollen grains will be

formed after meiotic division in ten microspore mother cells? [1996]

(a) 10 (b) 20

(c) 40

(d) 80 Solution: (c) Each microspore mother cell gives rise to 4 microspores which develop into pollen

grains.

39. In angiosperms, triple fusion is

required for the formation of [1996] (a) embryo

(b) endosperm (c) seed coat

(d) fruit wall Solution: (b) In angiosperms, one male gamete fuses with the egg resulting in the formation of a

diploid zygote. The other male gamete fuses

with the two polar nuclei forming the primary endosperm nucleus. Thus type of

fertilization is called double fertilization.


40. If an angiospermic male plant is diploid and female plant tetraploid, the

ploidy level of endosperm will be [1997] (a) haploid

(b) triploid (c) tetraploid

(d) pentaploid

Solution: (d) The male gamete will be haploid (n). 2

polar nuclei will be diploid (2n). Endosperm formed by fusion of male gamete with two

polar nuclei will be pentaploid.

41. The endosperm of gymnosperm is [1999]

(a) triploid

(b) haploid (c) diploid

(d) polyploid Solution: (b) In gymnosperms the female gametophyte forming archegonia provides nourishment

to the developing embryo. It later gets

transformed into food-laden endosperm inside the seed. Endosperm provides

nourishment for growth of seed at the time of seed germination. Triploid endosperm

occurs in angiosperms.

42. Flowers showing ornithophily show few characteristic like [1999]

(a) blue flower with nectaries at base of

corolla (b) red sweet scented flower with nectaries

(c) b r i g h t r e d f l o w e r i n t o t h i c k inflorescence

(d) white flowers with fragrance Solution: (a) Transfer of pollen grains by birds is known as ornithophily. They usually have bright

coloured flowers, tubular or cup shaped

and having a large quantity of nectar.

43. Double fertilisation leading to initiation of endosperm in Angiosperms

require [2000]

(a) fusion of one polar nucleus and the

second male gamete only (b) fusion of two polar nuclei and the

second male gamete (c) fusion of four or more polar nuclei and

the second male gamete only (d) all the above kinds of fusion in different

angiosperms Solution: (b) The second male gamete entering the ovary

fuses with two haploid polar nuclei to form triploid primary endosperm nucleus which

develops into endosperm. This fusion of two male gametes with two different structures

(egg and secondary nucleus) in the same female gametophyte is called double

fertilization.

44. Eight nucleate embryo sacs are

[2000] (a) always tetrasporic

(b) always monosporic (c) always bisporic

(d) sometime monosporic, sometimes bisporic and sometimes tetrasporic

Solution: (b) Monosporic type - eight nucleated Polygonum type. In this types only one

megapore situated at chalazal end takes part in the development of embryosac.

Bisporic type - eight nucleated Allium type. Tetrasporic type - eight nucleated Adoxa

type.

45. Anemophily type of pollination is

found in [2001] (a) Salvia

(b) Bottle brush (c) Vallisneria

(d) Coconut Solution: (d) Vallisneria exhibits hydrophily and Salvia

is pollinated by honey bee. In bottle brush pollination is carried out by birds.

46. Adventive polyembryony in citrus is

due to [2001, 05] (a) nucellus

(b) integuments (c) zygotic embryo

(d) fertilised egg

Solution: (a) The embryos arising from the maternal

sporophyte tissues are called adventive



embryos. In polyembryonate species the

adventive embryo arises by the proliferation of the nucellus cells.

47. In angiosperms pollen tubes liberate

their male gametes into the [2002] (a) central cell

(b) antipodal cell (c) egg cell

(d) synergids

Solution: (d) Antipodal cells occur at the chalazal end of

the ovule. Synergids are the helping cells.

48. What is the direction of micropyle in anatropous ovule? [2002]

(a) upward

(b) downward (c) right

(d) left Solution: (b)

In orthotropous ovule micropyle is upward. This is the presentive type of ovule.

49. Which type of association is found in

between entomophilous flower and

pollinating agent [2002] (a) mutualism

(b) commensalism (c) cooperation

(d) co-evolution Solution: (a) Commensalism is interaction between two individuals in which one is benefitted while

the other is unaffected. In mutualism both

individuals are beneficial for each other. The pollinating insect gets nectar from

flower and in turn helps in pollination of flowers.

50. In angiosperms all the four

microspores of tetrad are covered by a

layer which is formed by [2002] (a) pectocellulose

(b) callose (c) cellulose

(d) sporopollenin Solution: (d) The outermost covering of the pollen grain is made of sporopollenin.

51. In a flowering plant, archesporium gives rise to [2003]

(a) only tapetum and sporogenous cells

(b) only the wall of the sporangium

(c) both wall and the sporogenous cells (d) wall and the tapetum

Solution: (c) In flowering plants, archesporium cells

undergo periclinal (transverse) division to form outer primary parietal layer and inner

sporogenous cells. Primary parietal wall after few more periclinal divisions form

anther wall and sporogenous cells give rise

to sporogenous tissue.

52. An ovule which becomes curved so that the nucellus and embryo sac lie at

right angles to the funicle is [2004] (a) Hemitropous

(b) Campylotropous

(c) Anatropous (d) Orthotropous

Solution: (a) In campylotropous ovule, the body is

curved but the embryosac is straight eg. Capsella. In Anatropous, the body of ovule

is inverted and gets fused with funiculus along its whole length on one side (most of

the angiosperms). In orthotropous

condition the body of ovule lies straight and upright over the funicle. e.g. Piperaceae,

Polygonaceae.

53. Megasporangium is equivalent to: [NEET 2013]

(a) Fruit (b) Nucellus

(c) Ovule

(d) Embryo sac Solution: (c) Ovule is also called integumented megasporangium. It develops into seed

after fertilisation in spermatophytes. It occurs singly or in a cluster inside ovary

with parenchymatous cushions called

placenta.

54. Seed coat is not thin, membranous in: [NEET 2013]

(a) Coconut (b) Groundnut

(c) Gram (d) Maize

Solution: (a) The seed coat develops from integuments originally surrounding the ovule. It is thick

and hard in coconut which protect the


embryo from mechanical injury and from

drying out.

55. Advantage of cleistogamy is: [NEET 2013]

(a) More vigorous offspring (b) No dependence of pollinators

(c) Vivipary (d) Higher genetic variability

Solution: (b) Cleistogamy favours no dependence on pollinator because flowers never open. In

such flowers, the anthers and stigma lie close to each other. When anthers dehisce

in flower buds pollen grains come in contact with the stigma to effect

pollination.

56. Product of sexual reproduction

generally generates: [NEET 2013] (a) Prologned dormancy

(b) New genetic combination leading to variation

(c) Large biomass (d) Longer viability of seeds

Solution: (b) Sexual reproduction leads to formation of new combination and appearance of

variations. Genetic recombination, interaction etc. during sexual reproduction

provides vigour and vitality to the offsprings. They better adapt themselves to

changing environmental conditions and also plays an important role in evolution.

57. Which one of the following statements is correct? [NEET 2013]

(a) Sporogenous tissue is haploid (b) Endothecium produces the microspores

(c) Tapetum nourishes the developing pollen

(d) Hard outer layer of pollen is called

intine Solution: (c)

Sporogenous tissue is always diploid, endothecium is second layer of anther wall

and perform the function of protection and help in dehiscence of anther to release the

pollen. Hard outer layer of pollen is called exine but tapetum always nourishes the

developing pollen. Cells of the tapetum

possess dense cytoplasm and generally have more than one nucleus (polypoid).

58. The viability of seeds is tested by

[NEET Kar. 2013] (a) Safranine

(b) 2, 6 dichlorophenol indophenols (c) 2, 3, 5 triphenyl tetrazolium chloride

(d) DMSO Solution: (c) Dehydrogenase enzymes present in living tissue reduce the tetrazolium chloride to

formazan, a reddish, water insoluble

compound. This reaction occurs in or near living cells which are releasing hydrogen in

respiration processes. Viable tissues produce a normal red-colour, weak living

tissue produce an abnormal colour. Dead tissues do not stain, remaining usually

white.

59. Which one of the following

statements is correct? [NEET Kar. 2013] (a) Geitonogamy involves the pollen and

stigma of flowers of different plants (b) Cleistogamous flowers are always

autogamous (c) Xenogamy occurs only by wind

pollination

(d) Chasmogamous flowers do not open at all

Solution: (b) Cleistogamous flowers do not expose their

reproductive parts. Anthers and stigma lie close to each other. Pure autogamy occurs

since there is no chance of crosspollination. Cleistogamy is the most efficient floral

adaptation for promoting self-pollination.

E.g., Viola mirabilis and Oxalis autosella.

60. Megaspores are produced from the megaspore mother cells after [NEET Kar.

2013] (a) Meiotic division

(b) Mitotic division

(c) Formation of a thick wall (d) Differentiation

Solution: (a) Single Megaspore Mother Cell (MMC) with

dense cytoplasm and a prominent nucleus gets differentiated from nucellus near the

micropylar region. This Megaspore Mother Cell (MMC) undergoes meiosis to form ‗4‘

haploid cells called megaspores and the

process of formation is known as megasporogenesis.


61. Animal vectors are required for

pollination in [NEET Kar. 2013] (a) Maize

(b) Vallisneria (c) Mulberry

(d) Cucumber Solution: (d) There are different types of vectors involved in pollination. For example, maize,

mulberry → pollination by wind. Vallisneria

→ pollination through water (hydrophily). Cucumber → Bees are brought for the

commercial plantings of cucumber.

62. Which of the following statements is correct? [NEET Kar. 2013]

(a) Sporopollenin can withstand high

temperatures but not strong acids (b) Sporopollenin can be degraded by

enzymes (c) Sporopollenin is made up of inorganic

materials (d) Sporopollenin can withstand high

temperatures as well as strong acids and alkalis

Solution: (d) Pollen grains are generally spherical and a prominent two-layered wall. The hard outer

layer called the exine is made up of sporopollenin which is one of the most

resistant organic material known. It can withstand high temperatures and strong

acids and alkali.

63. Albuminous seeds store their reserve

food mainly in [NEET Kar. 2013] (a) Perisperm

(b) Endosperm (c) Cotyledons

(d) Hypocotyl Solution: (b) Endosperm is the nutritive tissue which

provides nourishment to the embryo in seed plant. Albuminous seeds retain a part

of endosperm as it is not completely used up during embryo development (e.g., wheat,

maize, barley, castor, sunflower).

64. Which of the following statements is not true about somatic embryogenesis?

[NEET Kar. 2013]

(a) A somatic embryo develops from a somatic cell

(b) The pattern of development of a somatic

embryo is comparable to that of a zygotic embryo

(c) Somatic embryos can develop from microspores

(d) Somatic embryo is induced usually by an auxin such as 2, 4-D

Solution: (c) Somatic embryogenesis is a process where

a plant or embryo is derived from a single

somatic cell or group of somatic cells. Somatic embryos are formed from plant

cells that are not normally involved in the development of embryos, i.e., ordinary

plant tissue. No endosperm or seed coat is formed around a somatic embryo. : 25

65. Pollination occurs in [1991] (a) Bryophytes and angiosperms

(b) Pteridophytes and angiosperms (c) Angiosperms and gymnosperms

(d) Angiosperms and fungi Solution: (c) Pollen grains are found only in Gymnosperms and Angiosperms.

66. Embryo sac occurs in [1991] (a) Embryo

(b) Axis part of embryo (c) Ovule

(d) Endosperm Solution: (c) Embryo sac is a female gametophyte which contains the egg apparatus.

67. Which of the following pair has haploid structures? [1991]

(a) Nucellus and antipodal cells (b) Antipodal cells and egg cell

(c) Antipodal cells and megaspore mother cell

(d) Nucellus and primary endosperm

nucleus Solution: (b)

(a) Nucellus - 2n, antipodal cells - n (b) Antipodal cells - n, egg cell - n (c) Antipodal

cells - n, megaspore mother cell - 2n (d) Nucellus - 2n primary endosperm nucleus -

3n Antipodal and egg cell are the product of meiotic division and rest are not.

68. Point out the odd one? [1991] (a) Nucellus

(b) Embryo sac


(c) Micropyle

(d) Pollen grain Solution: (d) They are all found in ovule (Nucellus, Embryo sac & Micropyle) while pollen grain

is male gametophyte.

69. Syngamy means [1991] (a) fusion of gametes

(b) fusion of cytoplasms

(c) fusion of two similar spores (d) fusion of two dissimilar spores

Solution: (a) Fusion of male gamete with the egg is

called syngamy.

70. A fruit developed from

hypanthodium inflorescence is called [2009]

(a) Sorosis (b) Syconus

(c) Caryopsis (d) Hasperidium

Solution: (b) The fig (Syconus) is an aggregate fruit, consisting of numerous seed-like pericarps

inclosed within a hollow, fleshy receptacle where the flowers were attached. This fruit

developed from hypanthodium inflorescence.

71. Cotyledons and testa respectively

are edible parts in [2009]

(a) walnut and tamarind (b) french bean and coconut

(c) cashew nut and litchi (d) groundnut and pomegranate

Solution: (d) Cotyledons and testa respectively are

edible parts in groundnut and pomegranate. A cotyledon is a significant

part of the embryo within the seed of a

plant. Upon germination, the cotyledon may become the embryonic first leaves of a

seedling. Testa is often thick or hard outer coat of a seed.

72. An example of a seed with

endosperm, perisperm, and caruncle is [2009]

(a) coffee (b) lily

(c) castor (d) cotton

Solution: (c) An example of a seed with endosperm,

perisperm, and caruncle is castor. Castor

seed is the source of castor oil, which has a wide variety of uses. The seeds contain

between 40% and 60% oil that is rich in triglycerides.

73. Apomictic embryos in citrus arise

from [2010]

(a) Synergids (b) Maternal sporophytic tissue in ovule

(c) Antipodal cells (d) Diploid egg

Solution: (b) Apomixis is an asexual type of

reproduction in which the plant embryos grow from egg cells without being fertilized

by pollen-the male part of the plant. In

citrus, apomictic embryos arise from maternal sporophytic tissue like nucellus

and integuments in ovule. This type of embryony is called adventive embryony.

74. Transfer of pollen grains from the

anther to the stigma of another flower of the same plant is called [2010]

(a) Xenogamy

(b) Geitonogamy (c) Karyogamy

(d) Autogamy Solution: (b) Geitonogamy is the process of transfer of pollen grains from the anther to the stigma

of another flower of the same plant.

Example, maize.

75. The scutellum observed in a grain of wheat or maize is comparable to which

part of the seed in other monocotyledons? [2010]

(a) Cotyledon (b) Endosperm

(c) Aleurone layer

(d) Plumule Solution: (a)



Scutellum is the modified cotyledon

observed in a grain of wheat or maize. It lies between embryo and the endosperm.

76. Wind pollinated flowers are [2010]

(a) small, brightly coloured, producing large number of pollen grains

(b) small, producing large number of dry pollen grains

(c) large producing abundant nectar and

pollen (d) small, producing nectar and dry pollen

Solution: (b) Pollination by wind is called anemophily.

Wind pollinated flowers are small in size, producing large number of dry pollen

grains. Pollens are small, dry and light in

weight. Grasses are anemophilous plants.

77. Filiform apparatus is a characteristic feature of [2011]

(a) suspensor (b) egg

(c) synergid (d) zygote

Solution: (c) A synergid cell wall forms a highly thickened structure called the filiform

apparatus at the micropylar end consisting of numerous finger like projections into

synergid cytoplasm. These synergid cells are necessary for pollen tube guidance in

ovule.

78. Nucellar polyembryony is reported in

species of [2011] (a) Citrus

(b) Gossypium (c) Triticum

(d) Brassica Solution: (a) Nucellar polyembryony is reported in a

Citrus species.

79. In which one of the following pollination is autogamous? [2011]

(a) Geitonogamy (b) Xenogamy

(c) Chasmogamy (d) Cleistogamy

Solution: (d) Cleistogamy is autogamous pollination. When pollination and fertilization occur in

unopened flower bud, it is known as

cleistogamy. It ensures self-pollination and

prevents cross-pollination.

80. Wind pollination is common in [2011]

(a) legumes (b) lilies

(c) grasses (d) orchids

Solution: (c) Wind pollination is common in grasses. Grasses produce large amount of pollen

which by the help of wind reach to opposite sex for reproduction.

81. A drupe develops in [2011]

(a) mango

(b) wheat (c) pea

(d) tomato Solution: (a)

Some fleshy fruits such as mango, plum etc. usually have a single hard stone that

encloses a seed, called drupe.

82. Both, autogamy and geitonogamy are

prevented in - [2012] (a) Papaya

(b) Cucumber (c) Castor

(d) Maize Solution: (a) Papaya is dioecious i.e. male and female flowers occurs in separate plants so that it

prevents both autogamy & geitonogamy

(method of self pollination).

83. An organic substance that can withstand environmental extremes and

cannot be degraded by any enzyme is: [2012]

(a) Cuticle

(b) Sporopollenin (c) Lignin

(d) Cellulose Solution: (b) Sporopollenin is fatty substance present in pollen wall and provides resistance against

extremes conditions like high temperature, acid, bases.

84. Even in absence of pollinating agents seed setting is assured in [2012]

(a) Commellina


(b) Zostera

(c) Salvia (d) Fig

Solution: (a)

85. What is the function of germ pore?

[2012M] (a) Emergence of radicle

(b) Absorption of water for seed germination

(c) Initiation of pollen tube (d) Release of male gametes

Solution: (c) The germ pores are apertures in the exine

layer of the pollen grain where the sporopollenin is absent. The germ pore

helps in the formation of the germ tube or

pollen tube and which makes its exit on germination.


statements is wrong? [2012M] (a) When pollen is shed at two-celled stage,

double fertilization does not take place. (b) Vegetative cell is larger than generative

cell.

(c) Pollen grains in some plants remain viable for months.

(d) Intine is made up of cellulose and - pectin.

Solution: (a) In over 60 per cent of angiosperms, pollen

grains are shed at cell 2-celled stage. In the remaining species the generative cell

divides mitotically to give rise to the two

male gametes before pollen grains are shed (3-celled stage.)

87. Plants with ovaries having only one

or a few ovules, are generally pollinated by [2012M]

(a) bees

(b) butterflies (c) birds

(d) wind Solution: (d) Wind pollinated flowers have generally single ovule in each ovary.

88. Perisperm differs from endosperm

in; [NEET 2013]

(a) having no reserve food (b) being a diploid tissue

(c) its formatting by fusion of secondary

nucleus with several sperms (d) being a haploid tissue

Solution: (b) Perisperm is remnants of nucellus which is

diploid (2n) but endosperm is triploid (3n). Perisperm occurs in the seeds of Black

pepper, coffee, castor, cardamum, Nymphaea. Endosperm is the food laden

tissue which is meant for nourishing the

embryo in seed plants. In angiosperms the endosperm is formed as a result of

vegetative fertilization, triple fusion or fusion of a male gamete with diploid

secondary nucleus of the central cell.

89. Megasporangium is equivalent to:

[NEET 2013] (a) Fruit

(b) Nucellus (c) Ovule

(d) Embryo sac Solution: (c) Ovule is also called integumented megasporangium. It develops into seed

after fertilisation in spermatophytes. It

occurs singly or in a cluster inside ovary with parenchymatous cushions called

placenta.

90. Seed coat is not thin, membranous in: [NEET 2013]

(a) Coconut

(b) Groundnut (c) Gram

(d) Maize Solution: (a) The seed coat develops from integuments originally surrounding the ovule. It is thick

and hard in coconut which protect the

embryo from mechanical injury and from drying out.

91. Advantage of cleistogamy is: [NEET

2013] (a) More vigorous offspring

(b) No dependence of pollinators (c) Vivipary

(d) Higher genetic variability

Solution: (b) Cleistogamy favours no dependence on

pollinator because flowers never open. In


such flowers, the anthers and stigma lie

close to each other. When anthers dehisce in flower buds pollen grains come in

contact with the stigma to effect pollination.

92. Product of sexual reproduction

generally generates: [NEET 2013] (a) Prologned dormancy

(b) New genetic combination leading to

variation (c) Large biomass

(d) Longer viability of seeds Solution: (b) Sexual reproduction leads to formation of new combination and appearance of

variations. Genetic recombination,

interaction etc. during sexual reproduction provides vigour and vitality to the

offsprings. They better adapt themselves to changing environmental conditions and

also plays an important role in evolution.

93. Which one of the following statements is correct? [NEET 2013]

(a) Sporogenous tissue is haploid

(b) Endothecium produces the microspores (c) Tapetum nourishes the developing

pollen (d) Hard outer layer of pollen is called

intine Solution: (c) Sporogenous tissue is always diploid, endothecium is second layer of anther wall

and perform the function of protection and

help in dehiscence of anther to release the pollen. Hard outer layer of pollen is called

exine but tapetum always nourishes the developing pollen. Cells of the tapetum

possess dense cytoplasm and generally have more than one nucleus (polypoid).

94. The viability of seeds is tested by [NEET Kar. 2013]

(a) Safranine (b) 2, 6 dichlorophenol indophenols

(c) 2, 3, 5 triphenyl tetrazolium chloride (d) DMSO

Solution: (c) Dehydrogenase enzymes present in living

tissue reduce the tetrazolium chloride to

formazan, a reddish, water insoluble compound. This reaction occurs in or near

living cells which are releasing hydrogen in

respiration processes. Viable tissues

produce a normal red-colour, weak living tissue produce an abnormal colour. Dead

tissues do not stain, remaining usually white.


statements is correct? [NEET Kar. 2013] (a) Geitonogamy involves the pollen and

stigma of flowers of different plants

(b) Cleistogamous flowers are always autogamous

(c) Xenogamy occurs only by wind pollination

(d) Chasmogamous flowers do not open at all

Solution: (b) Cleistogamous flowers do not expose their reproductive parts. Anthers and stigma lie

close to each other. Pure autogamy occurs since there is no chance of crosspollination.

Cleistogamy is the most efficient floral adaptation for promoting self-pollination.

E.g., Viola mirabilis and Oxalis autosella.

96. Megaspores are produced from the

megaspore mother cells after [NEET Kar. 2013]

(a) Meiotic division (b) Mitotic division

(c) Formation of a thick wall (d) Differentiation

Solution: (a) Single Megaspore Mother Cell (MMC) with

dense cytoplasm and a prominent nucleus

gets differentiated from nucellus near the micropylar region. This Megaspore Mother

Cell (MMC) undergoes meiosis to form ‗4‘ haploid cells called megaspores and the

process of formation is known as megasporogenesis.

97. Animal vectors are required for pollination in [NEET Kar. 2013]

(a) Maize (b) Vallisneria

(c) Mulberry (d) Cucumber

Solution: (d) There are different types of vectors

involved in pollination. For example, maize,

mulberry → pollination by wind. Vallisneria → pollination through water (hydrophily).


Cucumber → Bees are brought for the

commercial plantings of cucumber.

98. Which of the following statements is correct? [NEET Kar. 2013]

(a) Sporopollenin can withstand high temperatures but not strong acids

(b) Sporopollenin can be degraded by enzymes

(c) Sporopollenin is made up of inorganic

materials (d) Sporopollenin can withstand high

temperatures as well as strong acids and alkalis

Solution: (d) Pollen grains are generally spherical and a

prominent two-layered wall. The hard outer

layer called the exine is made up of sporopollenin which is one of the most

resistant organic material known. It can withstand high temperatures and strong

acids and alkali.

99. Albuminous seeds store their reserve food mainly in [NEET Kar. 2013]

(a) Perisperm

(b) Endosperm (c) Cotyledons

(d) Hypocotyl Solution: (b) Endosperm is the nutritive tissue which provides nourishment to the embryo in

seed plant. Albuminous seeds retain a part of endosperm as it is not completely used

up during embryo development (e.g., wheat,

maize, barley, castor, sunflower).

100. Which of the following statements is not true about somatic

embryogenesis? [NEET Kar. 2013] (a) A somatic embryo develops from a

somatic cell

(b) The pattern of development of a somatic embryo is comparable to that of a zygotic

embryo (c) Somatic embryos can develop from

microspores (d) Somatic embryo is induced usually by

an auxin such as 2, 4-D Solution: (c) Somatic embryogenesis is a process where

a plant or embryo is derived from a single somatic cell or group of somatic cells.

Somatic embryos are formed from plant

cells that are not normally involved in the

development of embryos, i.e., ordinary plant tissue. No endosperm or seed coat is

formed around a somatic embryo. : 25

Documents

237 Topicwise Solved Previous Year Qs Sexual … ones produces androgenic haploids in anther cultures? [1990] (a) Anther wall (b) Tapetal layer of anther wall (c) Connective tissue