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Monitoring Sanitation in an Urban Setting – Experiences from

Kenya

WaterAid roundtable meeting to discuss practical ways of improving the monitoring of sanitation in urban settings

Wednesday 7th September 2011

Philipp Peters, GIZ Water Sector Reform Programme Kenya

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GIZ approach in supporting Kenya’s water sector

• Engagement with (national) sector institutions and regulated/registered utilities for reason of

‒ Strengthening professional structures‒ Sustainability of interventions

• Alignment to national sector policy and strategies

‒ National Water Services Strategy (incl. sanitation) 2007

‒ Pro-poor Implementation Plan 2008‒ Water Sector Sanitation Concept 2009

• No parallel structures for projects!

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Supported institutions & their role in monitoring

• Ministry of Water & Irrigation: using data provided by Sector Institutions• Water Services Regulatory Board (regulator): detailed annual sector

monitoring; Water Regulation Information System (WARIS)

• Water Services Trust Fund (pro-poor basket):

(1) monitoring project implementation and use of infrastructure; WSTF Information System(2) collecting data on all urban low income areas in K; urban baseline survey MajiData

• Utilities & Asset holding entities: (1) providing annual data via WARIS(2) reporting on project implement. & operation via WSTF IS

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A comprehensive urban monitoring framework

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Utility Information Systems

Baseline Surveys

Household Surveys (e.g. DHS, MICS) &

Censuses

Urban served

Urbanun(der)served

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Water Regulation Information System (WARIS)

Performance monitoring tool

• 65 indicators (financial, commercial, technical etc.) for utilities & 25 for asset holding entities

• 93/104 utilities & 8/8 asset holding entities reported in 2009/10

• Annual reporting; outputs on progress, comparative performance, sector performance summary etc.

Sanitation Data

• Urban sanitation coverage: off- & on-site; individual & shared• NB: on-site sanitation coverage based on estimated figures

monitoring of on-site sanitation needs to be improved• Work in progress: Monitoring of sanitation and safe sludge

disposal in urban low income areas (with baseline established)

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MajiData: Baseline Survey & Interactive Database

• Specifically identifies un(der)served urban areas (planned & unplanned)

• Tailor-made to provide key data on urban low income areas

Method & techniques:

FGDs, plot interviews & counts, GPS readings, geo-ref. pictures

What sanitation info at what level?• Dwelling: No. & type of facilities

people use (coverage); whether facilities (1) shared or not (2) separate for ♂ & ♀; Also: no. & usage of bathroom facilities & rubbish pits

• Area: whether connected to sewer or not, solid waste & drainage, phys. characteristics, main sanitation problem, (sludge disposal)

Don’t know: • Quality of facilities, substructure

and content and use of pits

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WSTF: Developments relevant for monitoring

1. WSTF is developing range of household & plot level (shared) on-site sanitation solutions (incl. sludge management scheme) in line with sector and HR standards

2. These will be implemented by utilities by means of subsidies

3. Monitoring of implementation, use & sustainability of sanitation facilities subsidized by WSTF + sludge management via WSTF Information System

• ALSO: envisaged to create project layer in MajiData (GPS readings + pictures of facilities)• Limitation: WSTF monitoring only covers facilities subsidized by WSTF can feed MajiData and support utilities in WARIS reporting but no standalone sector monitoring mechanism

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Challenges & Opportunities in Monitoring Sanitation in the urban setting in KenyaChallenges• Utility reporting on on-site sanitation not reliable (limited mandate)• Reporting on implementation, use and sustainability of sanitation

projects by NGOs + community + municipality

where no involvement of sector institutions (WSTF) & utilities, how to get information to them (utilities, Regulator)?

• Monitoring of safe sludge disposal & management an issue of incentives as well as compliance & enforcement

utilities & Regulator are central players

Opportunities• New Constitution (2010) assigns responsibility for water & sanitation

services to 47 Counties management + reporting delegated to utilities updating of MajiData

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Thank you for your attention!

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