-
8/14/2019 23 - Carbonate - Lab
1/14
Copyright 2007, NExT, All rights reserved
Carbonate Acidizing
Lab in carbonate rocks
-
8/14/2019 23 - Carbonate - Lab
2/14
Copyright 2007, NExT, All rights reserved2
Hassler Cell
Inlet PressureGauge
Back PressureRegulator
DifferentialPressure
Gauge
FDS-210
Pump
Water Inlet
Acid
Data Acquisition
Overburden Pressure
Linear Coreflood Apparatus
-
8/14/2019 23 - Carbonate - Lab
3/14
Copyright 2007, NExT, All rights reserved3
Pore Volumes toBreakthrough
Pore Volumes Injected
0 2 4 86
10
1
100
k/ko
Low Injection Rate
IntermediateInjection Rate
High InjectionRate
Darcy's Law: k = Q L / P / Ac k/ko = Po/ P
Typical Permeability Response
-
8/14/2019 23 - Carbonate - Lab
4/14
Copyright 2007, NExT, All rights reserved4
Multi-Core Apparatus
-
8/14/2019 23 - Carbonate - Lab
5/14
Copyright 2007, NExT, All rights reserved5
Lab equipment fo core drainage
-
8/14/2019 23 - Carbonate - Lab
6/14
Copyright 2007, NExT, All rights reserved6
Experimental Set-Up: Diversion efficiency
-
8/14/2019 23 - Carbonate - Lab
7/14
Copyright 2007, NExT, All rights reserved7
Acid Response Curve
Edwards limestone cores
(1 dia, 3 length) 2-4 md
Confining pressure: 3000
psi
Back pressure: 500 psi
Temperature: 275o F
Acid Injection rate: 10ml/min
1 gal/ft per minute based
on 8 wellbore
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
Volume Injected (ml)
Pres
sure(psi)
SXE 28%HCl
Core Wormholed
Sleeve Ruptured
-
8/14/2019 23 - Carbonate - Lab
8/14
Copyright 2007, NExT, All rights reserved8
Pressure
Drop
(psi)
3% NH4Cl
3% NH4Cl
3% NH4Cl+EGMBE
28% HCl
Core Flow Experiments
Flow of 28% HCl through Indiana Limestone at 135 oF
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
Time (min)
-
8/14/2019 23 - Carbonate - Lab
9/14
Copyright 2007, NExT, All rights reserved9
Flow of SDA through Indiana Limestone at 135F
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
Time (min)
Pressure
Drop
(psi)
3% NH4Cl
3% NH4Cl
SDA
Core Flow Experiments
-
8/14/2019 23 - Carbonate - Lab
10/14
Copyright 2007, NExT, All rights reserved10
15% Straight HCl
Initial Perm Wormhole L
66.5 10 cm
34.5 1 cm32.0 1 cm
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40
Pore Volume
PressureDrop
(ps
i)
Wormhole Development
-
8/14/2019 23 - Carbonate - Lab
11/14
Copyright 2007, NExT, All rights reserved11
SDA (D)
Initial Perm Wormhole L
35.0 6 cm
48.7 10 cm32.1 6 cm
Pore Volume
PressureDrop
(psi)
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50
Wormhole Development
-
8/14/2019 23 - Carbonate - Lab
12/14
Copyright 2007, NExT, All rights reserved12
Coreface after VES-SDA
VES-SDA at 150oF
-
8/14/2019 23 - Carbonate - Lab
13/14
Copyright 2007, NExT, All rights reserved13
Effect on Core After Exposure to Acid
Injection End Production End
Emulsiontreated core
28 wt% HCl
treated core
No acid reached
the end of thecore sample
-
8/14/2019 23 - Carbonate - Lab
14/14
Copyright 2007, NExT, All rights reserved14
Wood's metal casting technique
(Hoefner and Fogler, 1988) Neutron radiography (Jasti and
Fogler, 1992)
Thermal
neutrons
Wood'smetal-filled
coreCassette
Photographic filmGdO 2S screen
Neutron Radiography
