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Module 4:Configuring a Client
for Name Resolution
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Over view
Over view of Name Resolution
Resolving Host Names
Resolving NetBIOS Names
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Lesson:Over view of Name Resolution
Multimedia: The Name Resolution Process
Types of Names That Computers Use
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Multimedia: The Name Resolution Process
A DNS client can use several differentmethods to resolve an IP address froman FQDN
192.168.1.5
192.168.0.5
DNS Ser ver
192.168.2.102
Payroll.contoso.msft
Corp01.contoso.msft
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Types of Names That Computers Use
Name Description
Host names
Up to 255 characters in length
Can contain alphabetic and
numeric characters, periods, andhyphens
Part of FQDN
NetBIOS names
Represent a single computer or group of computers
15 characters used for the name
16th character identifies ser vice
Flat namespace
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Lesson: Resolving Host Names
Purpose of a Hosts File
What Is DNS?
How Windows Clients Use the DNS Suffix
DNS Resolver CacheThe Host Name Resolution Process
Practice: Resolving Host Names
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Purpose of a Hosts File
127.0.0.1 localhost
131.107.34.1 router
172.30.45.121 ser ver1.central.contoso.msft s1
Client
What is theIP address
for s1?
1
172.30.45.121
2
Hosts File
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What Is DNS?
Root Domain
Child Domain
Parent DomainOrg
Com
Other Top-LevelDomains
Edu
( ´.µ Root)
Contoso
Printser ver Payroll
Accounts
FQDN: printser ver.contoso.com.
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How Windows Clients Use the DNS Suffix
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DNS Resolver Cache
The DNS resolver cache:
Speeds DNS queries
Reduces network traffic
Caches DNS lookup attemptsIs displayed by using ipconfig /displaydns
Is cleared by using ipconfig /flushdns
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The Host Name Resolution Process
Local Host Name1
DNS Ser ver 3
NetBIOS Name Cache4
WINS Ser ver 5
Lmhosts File7
Broadcast6
DNS Resolver Cache2
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Practice: Resolving Host Names
In this practice, you will:
Manage the DNS resolver cache byusing Ipconfig
Add a connection-specific DNS suffix
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Lesson: Resolving NetBIOS Names
What Is NetBIOS?
What Is NetBT?
Types of NetBT Nodes
What Is Nbtstat?
What Is Lmhosts?
What Is WINS?
The NetBIOS Name Resolution ProcessPractice: Resolving NetBIOS Names
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What Is NetBIOS?
Application
TCP/IPApplication
OSI
Presentation
Session
NetworkInterface
Data-Link
Physical
TransportTransport NetBIOS Interface
InternetNetwork NetBIOS:
Is an API
Establishes names, sessions,and data transfer
NetBIOSApplications
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NetBT:
Runs on top of the TCP/IP network protocol
Supports discovery, registration, and release of NetBIOS names
What Is NetBT?
Transport NetBIOS Interface
Application
InternetNetBT
TCP/IP
NetBIOSApplications
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Types of NetBT Nodes
NetBt Node Types
B-node (broadcast) Uses NetBIOS broadcast name queries
P-node (peer-to-peer) Uses NBNS
M-node (mixed)A combination of B-node and P-node;uses broadcast by default
H-node (hybrid)
A combination of B-node and P-node;
uses NBNS by default
Microsoft enhanced B-node Uses the Lmhosts file
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What Is Nbtstat?
Use Nbtstat to:
Check the state of current NetBT connections
Update the Lmhosts cache
Determine the registered name of a client
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What Is Lmhosts?
An Lmhosts file:
Is a text file that maps NetBIOS names to IP addresses
Overcomes broadcast limitations
Can be used for troubleshootingShould not have entries for DHCP clients
Is stored in systemroot\system32\drivers\etc
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Queries a WINS ser ver 1
If not in use, then registers the NetBIOS name andassociated IP address3
Determines whether name is in use2
What Is WINS?
Payroll WINS Ser ver
NetBIOS NameRegistration Query
?
OK
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The NetBIOS Name Resolution Process
Local Host Name5
DNS Ser ver 7
Lmhosts File4Broadcast3
NetBIOS Name Cache1
DNS
Resolver Cache6
WINS Ser ver 2
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Practice: Resolving NetBIOS Names
In this practice, you will:
Add an entry to the Lmhosts file
Configure a client to use a WINS ser ver
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Lab: Configuring a Client for Name Resolution
In this lab, you will view name resolutionpackets by using Network Monitor
