Upload
ananthcdm
View
240
Download
1
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
8/11/2019 22539544 Introduction to Information Technology Turban Rainer and Potter Chapter 6
1/31
Introduction to Information TechnologyTurban, Rainer and Potter
Chapter 6 Telecommunications and Networks
CHAPTER 6TELECOMMUNICATIONS
AND NETWORKS
8/11/2019 22539544 Introduction to Information Technology Turban Rainer and Potter Chapter 6
2/31
Introduction to Information TechnologyTurban, Rainer and Potter
Chapter 6 Telecommunications and Networks
Learning b!ecti"es
Describe the components of a telecommunications system
Describe the five basic types of communication media, including
their advantages and disadvantages
Classify the major types of networks
Differentiate among the three types of distributed processing
Identify seven telecommunications applications and describe how
they help the organization attain competitive advantage
8/11/2019 22539544 Introduction to Information Technology Turban Rainer and Potter Chapter 6
3/31
Introduction to Information TechnologyTurban, Rainer and Potter
Chapter 6 Telecommunications and Networks
Chapter "er"iewTelecommunicationsSystems#Signal#Communications
processors
#Communications media and channels#Communications carriers and services
etworks
#!ocal area networks#"ide area networks
etwork CommunicationSoftware#etwork operating system#etwork management software
##rotocols#Types of data transmission
etwork #rocessingStrategies
#$rganizationaldistributed processing
#$pen systems andenterprise networking
Telecommunications%pplications
#&lectronic mail#'ideo conferencing#&lectronic data interchange#&lectronic funds transfer#(acsimile
#Telecommuting#Distance learning
8/11/2019 22539544 Introduction to Information Technology Turban Rainer and Potter Chapter 6
4/31
Introduction to Information TechnologyTurban, Rainer and Potter
Chapter 6 Telecommunications and Networks
Case $ Network %anagement
at &outhwest 'irlines The (usiness Problem
The &olution
etwork )ealth
to predict the possible ramifications of shifting network traffic
to virtually add and subtract applications and make theoretical changes in transmission capacity through*out the network
to help the network managers monitor network usage
it had to make the transition from its legacyapplications to client+severtechnology to maintain service levels and keep up with
network traffic volume
The Results
Save almost -..,... in staffing costs in the first year
%ble to smooth network traffic among reservations centersShorten customers/ waiting time
8/11/2019 22539544 Introduction to Information Technology Turban Rainer and Potter Chapter 6
5/31
Introduction to Information TechnologyTurban, Rainer and Potter
Chapter 6 Telecommunications and Networks
)hat ha"e we learned from this case**
Case (continued)
+change of data - facilitated by telecommunications technologies -
brings a number of "ery significant changes
Take management of resources "ery seriously
(ring disastrous losses in re"enues and customer satisfaction by minor
disruption in telecommunications traffic
.nderstand technology in order to gain and maintain competiti"e
ad"antage
Rarely in modern companies do computers work in
isolation
8/11/2019 22539544 Introduction to Information Technology Turban Rainer and Potter Chapter 6
6/31
Introduction to Information TechnologyTurban, Rainer and Potter
Chapter 6 Telecommunications and Networks
The Telecommunications &ystem )ardware * all types of computers and communication
processorsCommunications media * the physical media through which
electronic signals are transmitted ,including wireless media
Communications networks* the links among computers andcommunications devicesCommunications software* software that controls the
telecommunications system and the entire transmission processData communications providers* regulated utilities or
private firms that provide data communications servicesCommunications protocols* the rules for transmitting
information across networksCommunications applications* electronic data interchange,
teleconferencing, videoconferencing, electronic mail, facsimile,and electronic funds transfer, as well as others
8/11/2019 22539544 Introduction to Information Technology Turban Rainer and Potter Chapter 6
7/31
Introduction to Information TechnologyTurban, Rainer and Potter
Chapter 6 Telecommunications and Networks
The Telecommunications &ystem
(continued )
ComputerCommunications
#rocessor
Communications
#rocessorComputer
etwork
Software
Communications
Channels and %edia
Transmitter
Recei"er
8/11/2019 22539544 Introduction to Information Technology Turban Rainer and Potter Chapter 6
8/31
Introduction to Information TechnologyTurban, Rainer and Potter
Chapter 6 Telecommunications and Networks
Communication Processors
%odem
an analog network to carry "oice signals or sounds in ananalog wa"e format
%ultipleer
an electronic de"ice that allows a singlecommunications channel to carry data transmissionssimultaneously from many sources
/ront-end-Processor
a small secondary computer dedicated solely tocommunication in computer system
8/11/2019 22539544 Introduction to Information Technology Turban Rainer and Potter Chapter 6
9/31
8/11/2019 22539544 Introduction to Information Technology Turban Rainer and Potter Chapter 6
10/31
Introduction to Information TechnologyTurban, Rainer and Potter
Chapter 6 Telecommunications and Networks
Communication %edia and Channels
(continued ) )ireless %edia
%icrowa"e - transmission stations $ usually not spacedmore than 23 miles apart
&atellite - digital transmission
4eostationary earth orbit 04+1 - 55,233 miles
%edium earth orbit 0%+1 - 6,333 miles
Low earth obit 0L+1 - 33 to 7,333 miles
4lobal positioning system - 73,833 milesRadio
use when you do not ha"e to depend on microwa"e or satellitelinks, especially for short ranges
8/11/2019 22539544 Introduction to Information Technology Turban Rainer and Potter Chapter 6
11/31
8/11/2019 22539544 Introduction to Information Technology Turban Rainer and Potter Chapter 6
12/31
Introduction to Information TechnologyTurban, Rainer and Potter
Chapter 6 Telecommunications and Networks
Communication %edia and Channels
(continued )
Characteristics of Communications
%edia Transmission speed
(andwidth - range of fre9uencies a"ailable
(aud rate
%easured in bits per second 0bps1
Transmission mode
'synchronous or &ynchronous
8/11/2019 22539544 Introduction to Information Technology Turban Rainer and Potter Chapter 6
13/31
Introduction to Information TechnologyTurban, Rainer and Potter
Chapter 6 Telecommunications and Networks
Telecommunications Carriers
Common Carriers
the long-distance telephone companies
:alue-added Carriers
ha"e de"eloped pri"ate telecommunications systems andpro"ide ser"ices for a fee
&witched Lines
a person can access from his or her computer to transmit datato another computer
;edicatedpro"ide a constant connection between two de"ices and
re9uire no switching or dialing
8/11/2019 22539544 Introduction to Information Technology Turban Rainer and Potter Chapter 6
14/31
Introduction to Information TechnologyTurban, Rainer and Potter
Chapter 6 Telecommunications and Networks
Telecommunications &er"ices
)ide-area Telecommunications &er"ices 0)'T&1
method for billing customers who use "oice band media etensi"ely
Telephone and ;ialing &er"ices
'utomatic Number Identification 0'NI1
Integrated &er"ices ;igital Network 0I&;N1
transfer "oice, "ideo, image, and data simultaneously
;igital &ubscriber Line 0;&L1pro"ide high-speed, digital data transmission
8/11/2019 22539544 Introduction to Information Technology Turban Rainer and Potter Chapter 6
15/31
Introduction to Information TechnologyTurban, Rainer and Potter
Chapter 6 Telecommunications and Networks
Networks
Local 'rea Network 0L'N1 -connect two ormore communicating de"ices within 5,333 feet
L'N Technology the network gateway connects the L'N to public
networks or other corporate networks so that the L'Ncan echange information with networks eternal to it
Pri"ate (ranch +changes 0a type of L'N1controls telephone switching at a company site
carry both "oice and data
perform call waiting, call forwarding, and "oice mail
I d i I f i T h l
8/11/2019 22539544 Introduction to Information Technology Turban Rainer and Potter Chapter 6
16/31
Introduction to Information TechnologyTurban, Rainer and Potter
Chapter 6 Telecommunications and Networks
Network Typologies&tar network
Ring
network
(us network
8/11/2019 22539544 Introduction to Information Technology Turban Rainer and Potter Chapter 6
17/31
I t d ti t I f ti T h l
8/11/2019 22539544 Introduction to Information Technology Turban Rainer and Potter Chapter 6
18/31
Introduction to Information TechnologyTurban, Rainer and Potter
Chapter 6 Telecommunications and Networks
Network Communications &oftware
Network perating &ystems
Network %anagement &oftware
Protocols
set of rules and procedures go"erning transmission of dataacross a network
line access and collision a"oidance
identify each de"ice in the communication path
eample $ +thernet73 (aseT and Transmission ControlProtocol?Internet Protocol 0TCP?IP1
pen &ystem Interconnection 0&I1
I t d ti t I f ti T h l
8/11/2019 22539544 Introduction to Information Technology Turban Rainer and Potter Chapter 6
19/31
Introduction to Information TechnologyTurban, Rainer and Potter
Chapter 6 Telecommunications and Networks
&e"en Layers of the &I %odel-0 #hysical
!ayer
Transmits raw bits over a communication channel1Its purpose is to provide a physical connection forthe transmission of data among network entitiesand the means by which to activate and deactivatea physical connection1
20 Data !ink
!ayer
#rovides a reliable means of transmitting dataacross a physical link3break up the input data intodata frames se4uentially and processes theacknowledgement frames sent back by data intodata frames se4uentially and processes the
acknowledgement frames sent back by the receiver50 etwork
!ayer
6outes information from one network computer toanother3 accepts messages from source host andsees to it that they are directed toward thedestination1 Computers may be physically located
within the same network or within another networkthat is interconnected in some fashion1
I t d ti t I f ti T h l
8/11/2019 22539544 Introduction to Information Technology Turban Rainer and Potter Chapter 6
20/31
Introduction to Information TechnologyTurban, Rainer and Potter
Chapter 6 Telecommunications and Networks
&e"en Layers of the &I %odel
(continued )
70 Session
!ayer
#rovides user/s interface into network3 whereuser must negotiate to establish connection withprocess on another machine1 $nce the connectionis established, the session layer can manage the
dialogue in an orderly manner180 #resentation
!ayer
Translates message to and from the format usedin the network to a format used at the applicationlayer
90 %pplication
!ayer
Includes activities related to users, such assupporting file transfer, handling messages, andproviding security1
:0 Transport
!ayer
#rovides a network*independent transportservice to the session layer, accepts data fromsession layer, splits it up into smaller units asre4uired, passes these to the network layer, and
ensures all pieces arrive correctly at other end1
I t d ti t I f ti T h l
8/11/2019 22539544 Introduction to Information Technology Turban Rainer and Potter Chapter 6
21/31
Introduction to Information TechnologyTurban, Rainer and Potter
Chapter 6 Telecommunications and Networks
Types of ;ata Transmission
Packet &witching breaks up blocks of tet into small, fied bundles of
data called packets
/iber ;istributed ;ata Interface 0/;;I1passes data around a ring, but with a bandwidth of
733 %bps
'synchronous Transfer %ode 0'T%1di"ides data into uniform cells
eliminates the need for protocol con"ersion
&witch
8/11/2019 22539544 Introduction to Information Technology Turban Rainer and Potter Chapter 6
22/31
Introduction to Information TechnologyTurban, Rainer and Potter
Chapter 6 Telecommunications and Networks
Network Processing &trategies
Types of rgani=ational ;istributed Processing
Terminal-to-
8/11/2019 22539544 Introduction to Information Technology Turban Rainer and Potter Chapter 6
23/31
Introduction to Information TechnologyTurban, Rainer and Potter
Chapter 6 Telecommunications and Networks
Client?&er"er ConfigurationT;#&S $( C!I&T+S&6'&6 C$
S&'&6S?Distributed#resentation
6emote#resentation
Distributed(unction
6emoteData
8/11/2019 22539544 Introduction to Information Technology Turban Rainer and Potter Chapter 6
24/31
Introduction to Information TechnologyTurban, Rainer and Potter
Chapter 6 Telecommunications and Networks
Aenefits and !imitations of Client+Server
%rchitecture for etwork #rocessing
AenefitsAenefits
The network is not o"erloaded
with entire files being transferred
back and forth
/ile integrity is much easier to
maintain because only the ser"er
actually updates the files@ /ilesecurity easier to maintain with
ser"er in full control of file data
!imitations!imitations %icrocomputers with independent
processing power are moredifficult to coordinate andadminister on a network@
There is difficulty in writingsoftware that di"ides processingamong clients and ser"ers@
&pecific ser"ers can be slowedwhen too many clients needser"ice@
Introduction to Information Technology
8/11/2019 22539544 Introduction to Information Technology Turban Rainer and Potter Chapter 6
25/31
Introduction to Information TechnologyTurban, Rainer and Potter
Chapter 6 Telecommunications and Networks
Types of rgani=ational
;istributed Processing
Client?&er"er 'rchitecture and Processing
Peer-to-peer processing
allows two or more computers to pool their resources
benefits
A there is no need for a network administrator
A the network is fast and inepensi"e to set up and maintain
A each computer can pro"ide backup copies of its files to other
computers for securityA it is the easiest network to build
Introduction to Information Technology
8/11/2019 22539544 Introduction to Information Technology Turban Rainer and Potter Chapter 6
26/31
Introduction to Information TechnologyTurban, Rainer and Potter
Chapter 6 Telecommunications and Networks
pen &ystems and +nterprise
Networking pen &ystems - allows any computing device to be
seamlessly connected to and interact with any other computingdevice, regardless of size, operating system, or application
Connecti"ity - ability of the various computer resources tocommunicate with each other through network devices
&nterprise*wide etwork
8/11/2019 22539544 Introduction to Information Technology Turban Rainer and Potter Chapter 6
27/31
Introduction to Information TechnologyTurban, Rainer and Potter
Chapter 6 Telecommunications and Networks
Telecommunications 'pplications
+lectronic %ail 0e-mail1 - computer-based messagestransmitted through telephone wires or wireless networks
:ideoconferencing - allows people to ha"e Bface-to-face
communications with a group in another location+lectronic ;ata Interchange 0+;I1 - electronic
transmission of routine, repetiti"e business documents directlybetween the computer systems
+lectronic /unds Transfer 0+/T1 - electronically routingfunds, debits and credits, and charges and payments
Introduction to Information Technology
8/11/2019 22539544 Introduction to Information Technology Turban Rainer and Potter Chapter 6
28/31
Introduction to Information TechnologyTurban, Rainer and Potter
Chapter 6 Telecommunications and Networks
Telecommunications 'pplications
(continued ) /acsimiles 0/'D1 - con"ert modulated signals into white
and black areas for printing
Telecommuting - work at home, using personalcomputers and telecommunications technology to
communicate "ia electronic mail with other workers, and to
send and recei"e business work
;istance Learning - the students are able to see and hearthe professor, and the professor can hear the students off-
siteE students may be able to see each other
Introduction to Information Technology
8/11/2019 22539544 Introduction to Information Technology Turban Rainer and Potter Chapter 6
29/31
Introduction to Information TechnologyTurban, Rainer and Potter
Chapter 6 Telecommunications and Networks
/or 'ccounting
Corporate accountants perform cost?benefit
analyses on the telecommunications
infrastructure of the firm
/or /inance
/inancial managers use corporate networks
to transfer and recei"e funds, completetransactions, and use +/T
)hat>s in IT for %e*
Introduction to Information Technology
8/11/2019 22539544 Introduction to Information Technology Turban Rainer and Potter Chapter 6
30/31
Introduction to Information TechnologyTurban, Rainer and Potter
Chapter 6 Telecommunications and Networks
)hat>s in IT for %e* (continued )
/or %arketing %odern telecommunications technologies open
huge conduits of information to and from an
organi=ation, and pro"ide great strategicad"antage to the marketing function
/or Production?perations %anagement
Telecommunications can make the linkagebetween the customer and the production functionmuch more direct, making possible differentmanufacturing strategies
Introduction to Information Technology
8/11/2019 22539544 Introduction to Information Technology Turban Rainer and Potter Chapter 6
31/31
Introduction to Information TechnologyTurban, Rainer and Potter
Chapter 6 Telecommunications and Networks
)hat>s in IT for %e* (continued )
/or