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2/25 Focus: The Crusades and improvements in farming helped contribute to renewed interest in trade in Western Europe Do Now: How did the Crusades renew interest in trade in Western Europe? . Improvements in Farming. Iron Plow - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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• 2/25 Focus:– The Crusades and improvements in farming
helped contribute to renewed interest in trade in Western Europe
• Do Now:– How did the Crusades renew interest in
trade in Western Europe?
Improvements in Farming
• Iron Plow – The use of the Iron
plow made farming easier and increased food production
• The Horse Collar and iron horse shoes – allowed farmers to
use horses rather than oxen to plow fields
– Horses were faster and more efficient
•
Improvements in Farming
• The Three Field System – Increased food
production and made soil more fertile
•
Trade Improves
• Rise of trading centers – Italy in
southern Europe• Genoa and
Venice – Flanders in
Northern Europe
•
Trade Improves• Trade
Fairs– Took
place in towns where trade routes met
Trade Improves• The
Hanseatic League – Association
of Germanic cities to protect economic interests
– Protected traders from piracy
Trade Improves• Improvements in
trade led to Commercial Revolution– Increased use of
currency– Banking and
investment increases – Rise of Capitalism
• Economic system where business is owned privately to make a profit
• Competition is a key component
Growth of Towns • Trading centers
and Trade Fairs led to the birth of towns– Walled and
protected near the manor
– King or lord granted charter • Setup the rights and
privileges of a town– People governed
and defended the town
Growth of Towns• Many serfs left the
manors and moved into towns/cities– Could be free in cities
if they hid from their lord for a year and one day
– Increased populations in towns • Towns were often
overcrowded and dirty– Led to a decline in
feudalism
Closure• Identify one way that farming
improved during the Middle Ages• What were trade guilds?
• 2/26 Focus:–During the High Middle Ages, European
society became more stable and made cultural gains in the areas of art, literature, and architecture
• Do Now: – Identify one effect that the renewal of
trade had on Western Europe
Trade Guilds• Association of
businesses and craftsmen – Set prices for goods,
wages, and standards for quality
– Apprentices worked for 3-11 years under a master
– Strangers had to pay a toll to the guilds to sell their products in a town
– Guilds took care of widows and children of deceased members
Results of Trade Improvements
• Commercial Revolution• Growth of middle class• New jobs titles– Bankers, manufacturers, craftsmen
• Rise of national kingdoms
Revival of Learning• The University– Increased the flow
of Greek learning into Europe
– Goal of attending universities was often to get a job in government or with the Church
– Helped to create a new educated class
•
Literature• Literacy began to increase in Europe
after 1200 AD. – Coincided with growth of cities
• Authors began writing in the language of their countries rather than just Latin
Literature• Epics and Romances
were long poems that tell a story– Epics
• Often related to war and heroes
• The Song of Roland – Romances
• Love stories and chivalry• King Arthur and the
Knights of the Roundtable
Literature• The Canterbury
Tales by Geoffrey Chaucer– Collection of stories
about a group of pilgrims from various social groups
– Provide a description of life in the middle ages
Philosophy• Thomas Aquinas – Studied the works of
Greek philosophers• Aristotle
– Attempted to use logic and reason to prove Christian teachings and prove the existence of God• Scholasticism
Architecture• Gothic
Architecture used to build churches
• Used high spires and flying buttresses
• Replaced Roman style of arches and domes
Architecture• The flying buttress
allowed churches to be built much taller and larger window – Supported walls from
the outside– Allowed for higher
ceilings and large stained glass windows
– Eliminated the need for columns
•
•
•
Illumination• The process of
decorating a written manuscript with pictures or designs– Often used in religious
text
•
Tapestries • Large wool wall coverings that
depicted life in the Middle Ages
Closure • Identify one example of medieval
literature. • Identify the architectural style that
developed in Europe during the High Middle Ages.
• What were trade guilds?