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INTERNET TECHNOLOGY

3.2 The Internet3.2.1 Overview of the Internet

3.2.1.2 The Internet Connection

Topic 3

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Learning Outcome

At the end of this topic, students should be able to:

• Describe various broadband and dial-up connections.

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Topic Recall

What is Network?• A network is a collection of computers and

devices connected together via communications devices and transmission media.

What is Internet?• The Internet is a worldwide collection of

networks that links millions of businesses, government agencies, educational institutions, and individuals.

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The Use of Internet

What Can We Use the Internet For?• View web pages on the WWW (World-Wide Web).• Sending and receiving e-mail messages.• Sharing files.• Communicating using voice (VOIP) and video

(video-conferencing).• Playing multi-player games.• Listening to streamed music or watching streamed

video.

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Connecting to the Internet

REVISE BACK !!! (SLIDE 5- 11) Components required for successful

communications system:

Communications Devices

Transmission Media

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Connecting to the Internet

Communications Devices:• Hardware component that enables a computer to

send (transmit) and receive data, instructions, and information to and from one or more computers.

Communications DevicesPhysical Channel

Dial-Up Modem

Modem/Wired

Telephone lineDigital Modems:• DSL Modem (Digital Subscriber

Line)• Cable Modem

Digital line

Wireless ModemsWireless

Cellular networkWireless Access Points Wired network

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Connecting to the Internet

Communications Devices:

Dial-up Modem

Cable Modem

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Connecting to the Internet

Communications Devices:

Wireless Modem

Wireless Access Point

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Connecting to the Internet

Transmission Media:• Materials or

substances capable of carrying one or more signals in a communications channel.

Transmission MediaPhysical/Wired Wireless

Cable:• Twisted-Pair Cable• Coaxial Cable• Fiber-Optic Cable

InfraredBroadcast Radio (radio signals):

• Bluetooth• Wi-Fi (wireless fidelity), • WiMAX (Worldwide

Interoperability for Microwave Access)

Cellular Radio:• 2G• 3G• 4G

MicrowavesCommunications Satellite

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Physical Transmission Media

Twisted-pair cable

Coaxial cable

Fiber-optic cable

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Wireless Transmission Media

Communications Satellite

Cellular Radio

Microwaves

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Connecting to the Internet

The basic differences between dial-up and broadband connection is the manner in which the connection is made.

Types of Internet Connection/Internet Access:

Dial-up connection (Low-speed)

Broadband Connection

(High-speed)

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Connecting to the Internet

Many home and small business users connect to the Internet via high-speed broadband Internet service and dial-up connection.

Broadband Connection (High-Speed) Dial-Up Connection (Low-Speed)• Cable Internet Service• DSL (Digital Subscriber Line)• Fiber to the Premises (FTTP)• Fixed Wireless• Cellular Radio Network• Wi-Fi• Satellite Internet Service

• Dial-Up Connection

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Connecting to the Internet

Broadband is a high-speed Internet connection provided through DSL, cable, fiber, radio signals, or satellite.

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Connecting to the Internet

Dial-up Internet access is a type of Internet connectivity that operates through a standard telephone line. By running the telephone line to a modem device in the personal computer, and configuring the computer to dial a specific phone number, the computer is granted Internet access.

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Connecting to the Internet

High-speed Broadband Internet Service:Broadband Connection (High-Speed)

• Cable Internet Service

• Provides high-speed Internet access through the cable television network via a cable modem.

• Its provided by cable television companies using their existing television cable.

• DSL (Digital Subscriber Line)

• Provides high-speed Internet connections using regular copper telephone lines.

• Internet service makes its connection by utilizing unused telephone wires that cause no interruption to your telephone service.

• The speed with a DSL connection varies with your distance from the switching station. Your speed will be slower the further away you are and faster the closer you are to the switching station

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Connecting to the Internet

Broadband Connection (High-Speed)• Fiber to the

Premises (FTTP)

• Uses fiber-optic cable to provide high-speed Internet access to home and business users.

• Fixed Wireless • Provides high-speed Internet connections using a dish-shaped antenna on your house or business to communicate with a tower location via radio signals.

• Cellular Radio Network • Offers high-speed Internet connections to devices with built-in compatible technology or computers with wireless modems.

High-speed Broadband Internet Service:

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Connecting to the Internet

Broadband Connection (High-Speed)• Wi-Fi (Wireless Fidelity) • Network uses radio signals to

provide high-speed Internet connections to compatible or properly equipped wireless computers and devices.

• Satellite Internet Service • Provides high-speed Internet connections via satellite to a satellite dish that communicates with a satellite modem.

High-speed Broadband Internet Service:

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Connecting to the Internet

Dial-Up Connection (Low-Speed)• Dial-Up Connection • Dial-up access takes place when the

modem in your computer connects to the Internet via a standard telephone line that transmits data and information using an analog (continuous wave pattern) signal.

Low-speed Internet Service:

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Data Transfer Rate in the Internet Connection

What is Data Transfer Rate?• Data transfer rate, is the speed at which data can be

transmitted between devices. (refer to how fast you are downloading file OR how fast

your Internet Connection)

• The data transfer rate of a device is often expressed in kilobits or megabits per second, abbreviated as kbps and mbps respectively.

• It might also be expressed in kilobytes or megabytes, or KB/sec and MB/sec.

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Data Transfer Rate in the Internet Connection

The Data Transfer Rate:• 1,024 bits = 1 kilobit (Kb)• 8 kb = 1 kilobyte (KB)• 128 KB = 1 megabit (Mb)• 8 mb = 1 megabyte (MB)• 1,024 KB = 1 megabyte (MB)• 128 MB = 1 gigabit (Gb)• 8 gb = 1 gigabyte (GB)• 1,024 MB = 1 gigabyte (GB)

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Relationship of Internet ConnectionRelationship between various types of Internet Connections with transmission media, communication devices, ISP and data transfer rate

Internet Connection Transmission Media Communication Devices ISP Data Transfer Rates

Cable Internet Service

Physical: CableWireless: Communication Satellite (MEASAT Satellite)

Cable ModemDish-Shaped Antenna:(Satellite dish)

Astro:Astro TVAstro B.yond IPTV

128 Kbps to 52 Mbps

DSL (Digital Subscriber Line)

Physical: CableWireless:Broadcast Radio (Wi-Fi)

Network Interface Card (NIC)Wireless Adapter CardWireless Access Point

TMNet:Streamyx

128 Kbps to 8.45 Mbps

Fiber to the Premises (FTTP)

Physical:Fiber-Optic Cable

Cable Modem (BTU: Broadband Termination Unit)Wireless Access Point: (ResidentialGateway:RG)

TM Unifi 5 Mbps to 100 Mbps

Fixed Wireless Radio signals Dish-Shaped Antenna: (Satellite dish)

Tower Location

256 Kbps to 10 Mbps

Cellular Radio Network

Cellular Radio:High-frequency radio waves (2G, 3G & 4G)

Wireless Modem Celcom, Maxis, Yes, P1

2G: 9.6 Kbps to 19.2 Kbps3G: 144 Kbps to 2.4 Mbps4G: Up to 15 Mbps

Wi-Fi (Wireless Fidelity)

Wireless:Broadcast Radio (Wi-Fi)

•Wireless Adapter Card•Wireless Access Point

TMNet Hotspots, P1, Yes

802.11 Series of Standards:• 802.11: 1 to 2 Mbps• 802.11a: Up to 54 Mbps• 802.11b: Up to 11 Mbps• 802.11g: 54 Mbps & higher• 802.11n: 108 Mbps & higher

Satellite Internet Service

Satellite Satellite modem Satellite dish

1 Gbps

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Relationship between various types of Internet Connections with transmission media, communication devices, ISP and data transfer rate

Internet Connection

Transmission Media Communication Devices ISP Data Transfer Rates

Dial-Up Connection

Physical:Cable

Telephone (Dial-Up) Modem

Telekom Malaysia

Limited to 56 Kbps

Low-Speed :

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Data transfer rate (Ex:overseas)