21st Century College English: Book 3 How I Got Smart Unit 1: Part A

21st Century College English: Book 321st Century College English: Book 3

How I Got SmartHow I Got SmartHow I Got SmartHow I Got Smart

Unit 1: Part AUnit 1: Part AUnit 1: Part AUnit 1: Part A

Unit 1: Part AUnit 1: Part A

• Pre-reading Activities

• Text A: Language Points

• ExercisesExercises

• AssignmentAssignment

How I got smartHow I got smart

How many of these idioms do you know? If any of them are How many of these idioms do you know? If any of them are unfamiliar to you, hypothesize about what they might mean. unfamiliar to you, hypothesize about what they might mean. Then as you listen to the passage, Then as you listen to the passage,

a) circle the idioms you hear in the dialogue, and a) circle the idioms you hear in the dialogue, and

b) check to make sure your hypotheses are correct.b) check to make sure your hypotheses are correct.

love at first sight fall in love make a pass at sb.

puppy love flirt with sb. have a crush on sb.

lovebirds be head over heels in love

sweep sb. off his/her feet

Pre-reading ActivitiesPre-reading Activities

Check-upCheck-upCheck-upCheck-up

love at first sight fall in love make a pass at sb.

puppy love flirt with sb. have a crush on sb.

lovebirds be head over heels in love

sweep sb. off his/her feet


ScriptScriptScriptScript

How many of these idioms do you know? If any of them are How many of these idioms do you know? If any of them are unfamiliar to you, hypothesize about what they might mean. unfamiliar to you, hypothesize about what they might mean. Then as you listen to the passage, Then as you listen to the passage,

a) circle the idioms you hear in the dialogue, and a) circle the idioms you hear in the dialogue, and

b) check to make sure your hypotheses are correct.b) check to make sure your hypotheses are correct.

Man: Man: Do you remember the first time you fell in love?Do you remember the first time you fell in love?

Woman: Woman: You mean puppy love, or the real thing?You mean puppy love, or the real thing?

Man: Man: Either one! After all, when you’re going through Either one! After all, when you’re going through

it, puppy love feels like the real thing.it, puppy love feels like the real thing.

Woman:Woman: Let’s see. When I was a sophomore in high school, Let’s see. When I was a sophomore in high school,

I had a crush on my biology teacher.I had a crush on my biology teacher.

Man: Man: A biology teacher, oh my! That was ambitious of A biology teacher, oh my! That was ambitious of

you! Did you let him know how you felt?you! Did you let him know how you felt?

Woman:Woman: You mean did I flirt with him or something? No, You mean did I flirt with him or something? No,

of course not, I was too shy for that. But I surely of course not, I was too shy for that. But I surely

worked hard on my biology homework!worked hard on my biology homework!


Text AText A

Language PointsLanguage Points

How I Got Smart

By Steve Brody

How I Got Smart

By Steve Brody

How I Got Smart

By Steve Brody

11 A common A common misconception among youngsters attending school is that

their teachers were child prodigies.

Who else but a bookworm, with none of the normal kid’s tendency to play r

ather than study, would grow up to be a teacher anyway?


22 I’ve tried desperately to explain to my students that I’ve tried desperately to explain to my students that

the image they have of me as an enthusiastic devotee of books and homework during my adolescence was a bit out of focus.

On the contrary, I hated compulsory education with a passion. I could

never quite accept the notion of having to go to school

while the fish were biting.

33 But in my sophomore year, something beautiful and exciting But in my sophomore year, something beautiful and exciting

happened. happened. Cupid aimed his arrow and struck me right in the heart. All at

once, I enjoyed going to school,

if only to gaze at the lovely face in English II.


44 My princess sat near the pencil sharpener, My princess sat near the pencil sharpener,

and that year I ground up enough pencils to fuel a campfire. Alas, Debbie Alas, Debbie

was was far beyond my wildest dreams. .

We were separated not only by five rows of desks, but by about 50 I.Q. poi

nts.

She was the top student in English II, She was the top student in English II, the apple of Mrs. Larrivee’s eye. .

55 Occasionally, Debbie would catch me staring at her, and she wouOccasionally, Debbie would catch me staring at her, and she wou

ld flash a smile that radiated intelligence and quickened my heartbeat.ld flash a smile that radiated intelligence and quickened my heartbeat.

It was a smile that signaled hope and made me temporarily forget th It was a smile that signaled hope and made me temporarily forget th

e e intellectual gulf that separated us. that separated us.


66 I I schemed desperately to bridge that gulf. And one day, as I was

passing the supermarket, an idea came to me. A sign in the window

announced that the store was offering the first volume of a set of

encyclopedias at the special price of 29 cents. The remaining volumes would

cost $2.49 each.

77 I purchased Volume I — I purchased Volume I — Aardvark to Asteroid — and began my

venture into the world of knowledge. I would henceforth become a seeker of

facts.

I would become Chief Brain in English II and sweep my princess off her feet

with a surge of erudition.

I had it all planned.


88 My first opportunity came one day in the cafeteria line. I looked My first opportunity came one day in the cafeteria line. I looked behind me and there she was.behind me and there she was.

99 ““Hi,Hi,”” she said. she said.

1010 After a pause, I wet my lips and said, After a pause, I wet my lips and said, ““Know where Know where anchovies come from?””

1111 She seemed surprised. She seemed surprised. ““No, I don’t.No, I don’t.””

1212 I breathed a sigh of relief. “The anchovy lives in salt water and is rarely found in fresh water.” I had to talk fast, so that I could get all the facts in before we reached the cash register. “Fishermen catch anchovies in the Mediterranean Sea and along the Atlantic coast near Spain and Portugal.”


1313 ““How fascinating,How fascinating,”” said Debbie, shaking her head in disbelief. It said Debbie, shaking her head in disbelief. It was obvious that I had made quite an impression.was obvious that I had made quite an impression.

1414 A few days later, during a fire drill, I casually went up to her and A few days later, during a fire drill, I casually went up to her and asked, asked, ““Ever been to Ever been to the Aleutian Islands?””

1515 ““Never have,Never have,”” she replied. she replied.

1616 ““Might be a nice place to visit, but I certainly wouldn’t want to live Might be a nice place to visit, but I certainly wouldn’t want to live there,there,”” I said. I said.

1717 ““Why not?Why not?”” said Debbie, said Debbie, playing right into my hands.


1818 ““Well, the climate is forbidding. There are no trees on any of the Well, the climate is forbidding. There are no trees on any of the

100 or more islands in the group. The ground is rocky and very little 100 or more islands in the group. The ground is rocky and very little

plant life can grow on it.plant life can grow on it.””

1919 ““I don’t think I’d even care to visit,I don’t think I’d even care to visit,”” she said. she said.

2020 The fire drill was over and we began to The fire drill was over and we began to file into the building, so I had

to step it up to get the natives in. ““The Aleuts are short and sturdy and The Aleuts are short and sturdy and

have dark skin and black hair. They live on fish, and they trap blue have dark skin and black hair. They live on fish, and they trap blue

foxes and foxes and seals for their valuable fur.””


2121 Debbie’s eyes widened in amazement.Debbie’s eyes widened in amazement.

2222 One day I was browsing through the library. I spotted Debbie One day I was browsing through the library. I spotted Debbie

sitting at a table, absorbed in a crossword puzzle. She was frowning, sitting at a table, absorbed in a crossword puzzle. She was frowning,

apparently apparently stumped on a word. I leaned over and asked if I could help.

2323 ““Four-letter word for Oriental female servant,Four-letter word for Oriental female servant,”” Debbie said. Debbie said.

2424 ““Try amah,Try amah,”” I said, quick as a flash. I said, quick as a flash.

2525 Debbie filled in the blanks, then turned to stare at me in Debbie filled in the blanks, then turned to stare at me in

amazement. amazement. ““I don’t believe it,I don’t believe it,”” she said. she said. ““I just don’t believe it.I just don’t believe it.””


2626 And so it went, that glorious, joyous, romantic sophomore year. DebbiDebbi

e seemed to e seemed to relish our little conversations and our little conversations and hung on my every word. .

Naturally, the more I read, the more my confidence grew.Naturally, the more I read, the more my confidence grew.

2727 In the classroom, too, I was gradually In the classroom, too, I was gradually making my presence felt. One . One

day, during a discussion of day, during a discussion of Coleridge’s ’s ““The Ancient MarinerThe Ancient Mariner””, we cam, we cam

e across the word albatross.e across the word albatross.

2828 ““Can anyone tell us what an albatross is?Can anyone tell us what an albatross is?”” asked Mrs. Larrivee. asked Mrs. Larrivee.


2929 My hand shot up. My hand shot up. ““The albatross is a large bird that lives mostly iThe albatross is a large bird that lives mostly i

n the ocean regions below the equator, but may be found in the north n the ocean regions below the equator, but may be found in the north

Pacific as well. The albatross measures as long as four feet and has tPacific as well. The albatross measures as long as four feet and has t

he greatest wingspread of any bird. It feeds on fish and shellfish. The he greatest wingspread of any bird. It feeds on fish and shellfish. The

albatross has an enormous albatross has an enormous appetite, and when it’s full it has trouble g, and when it’s full it has trouble g

etting into the air again.etting into the air again.””

3030 There was a long silence in the room. Mrs. Larrivee couldn’t quite There was a long silence in the room. Mrs. Larrivee couldn’t quite

believe what she had just heard. I sneaked a look at Debbie and gave believe what she had just heard. I sneaked a look at Debbie and gave

her a big wink. She beamed proudly and winked back.her a big wink. She beamed proudly and winked back.


3131 What I failed to What I failed to perceive was that Debbie all this while was

going steady with a junior from a neighboring school — a basketball player

with a C+ average. The revelation hit me hard, and for a while I felt like

forgetting everything I had learned. I had saved enough money to buy

Volume II — Asthma to Bullfinch — but was strongly tempted to invest in a

basketball instead.

3232 I felt not only hurt, but I felt not only hurt, but betrayed.

Like Agamemnon, but with less drastic consequences, thank God.


3333 In time I recovered from my wounds. The next year Debbie moved I recovered from my wounds. The next year Debbie moved

from the neighborhood and transferred to another school. Soon she bfrom the neighborhood and transferred to another school. Soon she b

ecame ecame no more than a memory. a memory.

3434 Although the original Although the original incentive was gone, I continued was gone, I continued poring over ththe encyclopedias, as well as an increasing number of other books. e encyclopedias, as well as an increasing number of other books.

Having tasted of the wine of knowledge, I could not now alter my course. F F

or:or:

““A little knowledge is a dangerous thing:A little knowledge is a dangerous thing:

Drink deep, or taste not the Pierian spring.Drink deep, or taste not the Pierian spring.””

So wrote So wrote Alexander Pope, Volume XIV — , Volume XIV — Paprika to to Pterodactyl..


misconceptionmisconception n.n.

—— wrong idea based on a failure to understand a wrong idea based on a failure to understand a situationsituation

Examples:Examples:

• The medicine company held a press to change the The medicine company held a press to change the misconceptionmisconception about its new product. about its new product.Vocabulary buildingVocabulary building

mismis-- referring that the action is done wrongly or badlyreferring that the action is done wrongly or badly

misleadmislead— — to cause to believe sth. that is not trueto cause to believe sth. that is not true—— to cause to behave in a wrong wayto cause to behave in a wrong way

misreportmisreport—— to provide information that is not completely true or to provide information that is not completely true or

correctcorrect

misjudgemisjudge—— to form an unfair or incorrect opinion or idea about to form an unfair or incorrect opinion or idea about

sth./sb. sth./sb.

miscountmiscount—— to reach a total, when counting, which is not correctto reach a total, when counting, which is not correct

Who else but a Who else but a bookwormbookworm, with none of the normal kid’s , with none of the normal kid’s tendencytendency to play to play rather thanrather than study, would grow up to be study, would grow up to be a teacher a teacher anywayanyway??

ParaphraseParaphraseWho else would ever grow up to be a teacher at all except Who else would ever grow up to be a teacher at all except a bookworm who, unlike other kids, likes to study but not a bookworm who, unlike other kids, likes to study but not to play?to play?

bookwormbookworm n.n.

—— a person devoted to readinga person devoted to reading

tendencytendency n.n.

—— part of a person’s character that makes him likepart of a person’s character that makes him like(to do) sth.(to do) sth.

Examples:Examples:

• He’s always had a He’s always had a tendencytendency towards fast cars. towards fast cars.

• His His tendencytendency to exaggerate is well known. to exaggerate is well known.

anyway anyway ad.ad.

—— (often used in conversation without adding much (often used in conversation without adding much meaning to what is being said) in any case, anyhowmeaning to what is being said) in any case, anyhow

Examples:Examples:

• Why don’t we get rid of the car since we don’t use it Why don’t we get rid of the car since we don’t use it anywayanyway??

• What was he doing with so much of the company’s What was he doing with so much of the company’s money in his personal account money in his personal account anywayanyway??

… … the image they have of methe image they have of me as an enthusiastic as an enthusiastic devoteedevotee of books and homework during my of books and homework during my adolescenceadolescence was a bit was a bit out of focusout of focus..

devoteedevotee n.n.

—— a person who strongly admires a particular person or a person who strongly admires a particular person or extremely interested in sth.extremely interested in sth.

Examples:Examples:

• The hotel was surrounded by a large crowd of The hotel was surrounded by a large crowd of devoteedevoteess of the movie star. of the movie star.

adolescence adolescence n.n.

—— a period between childhood and adulthooda period between childhood and adulthood

Examples:Examples:

• The author describes his joys and sorrow of his The author describes his joys and sorrow of his adolescenceadolescence..

out of focusout of focus

—— not sharply definednot sharply defined

Examples:Examples:

• The children’s faces were badly The children’s faces were badly out of focusout of focus in the in the photograph.photograph.

• Though I’ve known him for several years, his Though I’ve known him for several years, his personality is still a bit personality is still a bit out of focusout of focus to me. to me.

ParaphraseParaphrase

Who else would ever grow up to be a teacher at all Who else would ever grow up to be a teacher at all except a bookworm who, unlike other kids, likes to except a bookworm who, unlike other kids, likes to study but not to play?study but not to play?

the image they have of methe image they have of me= the image of me which they have= the image of me which they have

Who else but a Who else but a bookwormbookworm, with none of the normal kid’s , with none of the normal kid’s tendencytendency to play to play rather thanrather than study, would grow up to be study, would grow up to be a teacher a teacher anywayanyway??

ParaphraseParaphraseWho else would ever grow up to be a teacher at all Who else would ever grow up to be a teacher at all except a bookworm who, unlike other kids, likes to except a bookworm who, unlike other kids, likes to study but not to play?study but not to play?

rather thanrather than

Meaning:Meaning: to say what someone does not do or does not intend to do in contrast to what they actually do

rather thanrather thanRules:Rules:1)1) The word or phrase introduced by The word or phrase introduced by rather thanrather than is gener is gener

ally in the same form as the one parallel to it in the maally in the same form as the one parallel to it in the main clause;in clause;

2) When the main clause has an infinitive, 2) When the main clause has an infinitive, rather thanrather than can can be followed by an infinitive with be followed by an infinitive with ““toto” ” (which is more f(which is more formal) or without ormal) or without ““toto””, while a V-ing form is also poss, while a V-ing form is also possible;ible;

3) When the main clause has a verb in the past tense, 3) When the main clause has a verb in the past tense, rathrather thaner than can be followed by either a verb in the past tencan be followed by either a verb in the past tense if the two verbs are parallel, or an infinitive if sometse if the two verbs are parallel, or an infinitive if something yet to happen is implied.hing yet to happen is implied.

rather thanrather thanExamples:Examples:• He was pitied He was pitied rather thanrather than disliked by his friends. disliked by his friends.• He likes starting early He likes starting early rather thanrather than staying late. staying late.• Why don’t you wear the black shoes Why don’t you wear the black shoes rather thanrather than the the

brown ones?brown ones?• II’’d like to stay at home this evening d like to stay at home this evening rather thanrather than go/to go/to

go/going out.go/going out.• Rather thanRather than cause trouble, he left. cause trouble, he left.

… … while the fish were bitingwhile the fish were biting


when it was time to playwhen it was time to play

Idioms with “fish”Idioms with “fish”

fish in troubled watersfish in troubled waters—— to try to take advantage of a confused situationto try to take advantage of a confused situation

like a fish out of waterlike a fish out of water—— completely unfamiliar with one’s surroundingscompletely unfamiliar with one’s surroundings

fish or cut baitfish or cut bait—— to proceed with an activity or abandon it to proceed with an activity or abandon it

altogetheraltogether

CupidCupid aimed his arrow and struck me right in the heart. aimed his arrow and struck me right in the heart.

Cupid: in Roman mythology, son of Venus, goddess of Cupid: in Roman mythology, son of Venus, goddess of love. His counterpart in Greek mythology was Eros, love. His counterpart in Greek mythology was Eros, god of love. He appears as a mischievous boy who god of love. He appears as a mischievous boy who indiscriminately wounds both gods and humans with indiscriminately wounds both gods and humans with his arrows, thereby causing them to fall deeply in love. his arrows, thereby causing them to fall deeply in love. Cupid is commonly represented in art as a naked, Cupid is commonly represented in art as a naked, winged infant, often blindfolded, carrying a bow and a winged infant, often blindfolded, carrying a bow and a quiver of arrows.quiver of arrows.


??

Text-related informationText-related information

I fell in love.I fell in love.

… … if only toif only to gaze at the lovely face in English II. gaze at the lovely face in English II.

Make a sentence with “if only to”Make a sentence with “if only to”??

if only toif only to

Usage:Usage:

to introduce what one thinks a fairly good reason for to introduce what one thinks a fairly good reason for doing something, although one realizes it may not be a doing something, although one realizes it may not be a very good reason, meaning even if the only reason is ...very good reason, meaning even if the only reason is ...


Examples:Examples: • I’ll have a glass myself, if only to prevent you from I’ll have a glass myself, if only to prevent you from

drinking it all.drinking it all.• I think you should get a job if only to stop yourself I think you should get a job if only to stop yourself

getting so bored at home.getting so bored at home.


Translation:Translation:

哪怕只是为了哪怕只是为了 ......

... and that year I ground up enough pencils to fuel a ... and that year I ground up enough pencils to fuel a campfire.campfire.

Question 1:Question 1:

What does the sentence mean?What does the sentence mean?


Why did the author grind so many pencils?Why did the author grind so many pencils?

We were separated not only by five rows of desks, but by We were separated not only by five rows of desks, but by about 50 about 50 I.Q.I.Q. points. points.

Translate into ChineseTranslate into Chinese : :

??Key:Key:

将我们隔开不仅有五排课桌，还有约将我们隔开不仅有五排课桌，还有约 5050 分的智商。分的智商。

beyond my wildest dreamsbeyond my wildest dreams

—— (in a way that is) better than what one expected or (in a way that is) better than what one expected or hoped forhoped for

Examples:Examples:

• The salary was The salary was beyond my wildest dreamsbeyond my wildest dreams..

Translate:Translate:

得到一台计算机的生日礼物远远超出了我的期望。得到一台计算机的生日礼物远远超出了我的期望。

Key:Key:

A computer as my birthday gift is far beyond my A computer as my birthday gift is far beyond my wildest dreams.wildest dreams.

We were separated not only by five rows of desks, but by We were separated not only by five rows of desks, but by about 50 about 50 I.Q.I.Q. points. points.

I. Q. = intelligence quotient, an index of measurement I. Q. = intelligence quotient, an index of measurement of the intelligence level of both children and adults, of the intelligence level of both children and adults, with a normal standard of 100with a normal standard of 100

The distribution of IQ scores on the Weschsler Adult Intelligence Scale follThe distribution of IQ scores on the Weschsler Adult Intelligence Scale follows an approximately normal curve, an average distribution of values. The ows an approximately normal curve, an average distribution of values. The test is regularly adjusted so that the median score is 100 - -that is, so that test is regularly adjusted so that the median score is 100 - -that is, so that half of the scores fall above 100, and half fall belowhalf of the scores fall above 100, and half fall below


the apple of one’s eyethe apple of one’s eye

—— a person or thing that is the main object of sb.’s love a person or thing that is the main object of sb.’s love and attentionand attention

Examples:Examples:

• Alice is Alice is the apple ofthe apple of her parents’her parents’ eyeeye..


The girls in the class were rather hostile to Jenny The girls in the class were rather hostile to Jenny simply because she was simply because she was the apple of their teacher’s eyethe apple of their teacher’s eye..

Key:Key:

班里的女孩对简尼怀有敌意，就因为她是老师的宝贝。班里的女孩对简尼怀有敌意，就因为她是老师的宝贝。

intellectual gulfintellectual gulf—— difference in mental abilitydifference in mental abilitygulfgulf n.n.—— area of division or difference, esp. between opinionsarea of division or difference, esp. between opinions

Examples:Examples:

• There is a widening There is a widening gulfgulf between the middle classes between the middle classes and the poorest sections of society.and the poorest sections of society.

• It is hoped that the peace plan will bridge the It is hoped that the peace plan will bridge the gulfgulf between the government and the rebels.between the government and the rebels.

volume volume n.n.

1. one of a set of books of the same kind 1. one of a set of books of the same kind (( 一套书的一套书的 )) 一册、一册、一卷一卷

2. (2. (ofof) ) 体积；容积体积；容积

3.3. 音量音量

Examples:Examples:

• I have a set of Dickens’ works in 24 I have a set of Dickens’ works in 24 volumesvolumes..

• The tank has a The tank has a volumevolume of 4,000 cubic feet of 4,000 cubic feet （立方英尺）（立方英尺） ..

• She turned down the She turned down the volumevolume on the TV. on the TV.

schemescheme

vv. . make plans (for); plan in a deceitful waymake plans (for); plan in a deceitful way

nn.. 1. a formal, official or business plan1. a formal, official or business plan2. a clever, dishonest plan2. a clever, dishonest plan

Examples:Examples:

• Behind the Behind the scenesscenes, a small group was scheming to , a small group was scheming to remove the chairman from office.remove the chairman from office.

• The government’s Youth Training The government’s Youth Training SchemeScheme soon ran soon ran into difficulties.into difficulties.

• The criminal was planning a The criminal was planning a schemescheme to rob the bank. to rob the bank.

aardvark aardvark n.n.

—— (Afrikaans for “earth pig”), common name for a burro(Afrikaans for “earth pig”), common name for a burrowing, ant-eating mammal. The aardvark is found throwing, ant-eating mammal. The aardvark is found throughout much of Africa, from the southern part of Egyughout much of Africa, from the southern part of Egypt to the Cape of Good Hopept to the Cape of Good Hope

土豚，非洲食蚁兽土豚，非洲食蚁兽


asteroid asteroid n.n.

—— one of the many small or minor planets that are membone of the many small or minor planets that are members of the solar system; starfishers of the solar system; starfish

小行星；海星小行星；海星


venture venture n.n.

—— a plan of action, esp. in business, which is new and a plan of action, esp. in business, which is new and might be difficult and so involves uncertainty or the might be difficult and so involves uncertainty or the risk of failure.risk of failure.

Examples:Examples:

• She had three divorces and this is her fourth matrimoShe had three divorces and this is her fourth matrimonialnial （婚姻的）（婚姻的） ventureventure..

• We are looking abroad for more profitable business We are looking abroad for more profitable business veventuresntures..

henceforth henceforth ad.ad.

—— from this time onwardsfrom this time onwards

Examples:Examples:

• The governor declared that, The governor declared that, henceforthhenceforth, the first of , the first of June would be a holiday.June would be a holiday.

• The memo said, “The memo said, “HenceforthHenceforth, all salary raises must be , all salary raises must be approved by the president.”approved by the president.”

I would become Chief Brain in English II and I would become Chief Brain in English II and sweep my sweep my princess off her feetprincess off her feet with a surge of with a surge of eruditionerudition..

eruditionerudition n.n.

—— much of specialist knowledgemuch of specialist knowledge

e.g.e.g. The debate requires not only skills of speech but The debate requires not only skills of speech but also also eruditionerudition on the subject. on the subject.

Paraphrase:Paraphrase:

I would become the most intelligent person in English I would become the most intelligent person in English II, and would impress her and make her feel attracted II, and would impress her and make her feel attracted to me with a sudden and great increase in my learning.to me with a sudden and great increase in my learning.

sweep sb. off his/her feetsweep sb. off his/her feet

—— make sb. feel suddenly and strongly attracted to you in make sb. feel suddenly and strongly attracted to you in a romantic waya romantic way

Examples:Examples:

• John John was swept off his feetwas swept off his feet by the appearance of a bea by the appearance of a beautiful girl at his door.utiful girl at his door.

anchovyanchovy n.n.—— any of several small, bony, schooling fishes related to the heany of several small, bony, schooling fishes related to the he

rring. One of the world’s most important commercial fishesrring. One of the world’s most important commercial fishes, the anchovy population off Chile and Peru has been severe, the anchovy population off Chile and Peru has been severely depleted in the last several years by over-fishing and climly depleted in the last several years by over-fishing and climatic changesatic changes鳀鱼，凤尾鱼鳀鱼，凤尾鱼


I breathed a sigh of I breathed a sigh of reliefrelief..

relief relief n.n.

—— feeling of comfort at the end of anxiety, fear, or painfeeling of comfort at the end of anxiety, fear, or pain

Examples:Examples:

• This medicine will give a little This medicine will give a little reliefrelief..

• It was a great It was a great reliefrelief to me when I heard he was safe. to me when I heard he was safe.

Note:Note: Relief also refers to money, clothing, food and Relief also refers to money, clothing, food and other other aid that is made available to help poor people aid that is made available to help poor people or or people who are victims of a disaster.people who are victims of a disaster.

Translate the sentence:Translate the sentence:

??

Key:Key:

我松了口气。我松了口气。

get sth. inget sth. in

—— manage to say sth. about a subjectmanage to say sth. about a subject

Examples:Examples:

• I’ll I’ll getget my suggestion my suggestion inin at the start of the meeting. at the start of the meeting.

• I finally managed to I finally managed to getget a word a word inin （插话）（插话） ..

play right into one’s handsplay right into one’s hands

—— do something which gives sb. an advantagedo something which gives sb. an advantage

Examples:Examples:

• In the basketball game, Jerry’s foul In the basketball game, Jerry’s foul played right into played right into the opponents’ handsthe opponents’ hands..

• Mary and Bobby both wanted the last piece of cake, Mary and Bobby both wanted the last piece of cake, but Bobby but Bobby played into Mary’s handsplayed into Mary’s hands by trying to by trying to grab it. (Father gave the cake to Mary because grab it. (Father gave the cake to Mary because Bobby tried to grab it.)Bobby tried to grab it.)

… … file into the buildingfile into the building


… … walk into the building one behind another in a linewalk into the building one behind another in a line

The Aleutian Islands are a chain of volcanic islands of The Aleutian Islands are a chain of volcanic islands of southwest Alaska, U.S.A. Characterized by fairly uniform southwest Alaska, U.S.A. Characterized by fairly uniform temperatures, high winds, heavy rainfall, and persistent fog, temperatures, high winds, heavy rainfall, and persistent fog, the Aleutians are practically without trees but covered with a the Aleutians are practically without trees but covered with a luxuriant growth of grasses, sedges, and many flowering luxuriant growth of grasses, sedges, and many flowering plants.plants.


step it upstep it up

—— (infml) increase the size or speed of(infml) increase the size or speed of

(( 非正式语非正式语 ) ) 加快加快 ; ; 增加增加

Examples:Examples:

• The police The police are stepping upare stepping up their efforts to fight crime. their efforts to fight crime.

• The pace of the reforms The pace of the reforms is being stepped upis being stepped up..

sealseal

n.n. 11 ））海豹海豹；； 22 ））印记，印章印记，印章vt.vt. 11 ））盖章于盖章于；； 22 ））封，密封封，密封

Examples:Examples:

• Some Some sealsseals can bark like a dog. can bark like a dog.

• The flapThe flap （信封口盖）（信封口盖） of the envelope has the companof the envelope has the company’s y’s seal seal on it.on it.

• The secretary The secretary sealedsealed (= stamped an official mark on) t (= stamped an official mark on) the company’s official letters.he company’s official letters.

• If you want to keep the jam for a long time, you must If you want to keep the jam for a long time, you must sseal eal the jar well.the jar well.

stumpstump vt.vt.

—— put an unanswerable question to; puzzleput an unanswerable question to; puzzle

• Stump as a verb that means “puzzle” has its origin in tStump as a verb that means “puzzle” has its origin in the stumpshe stumps （树桩）（树桩） that American settlers had to pull fthat American settlers had to pull from the earth after felling trees – some stumps were so rom the earth after felling trees – some stumps were so big and deep-rooted that the pioneers didn’t know whbig and deep-rooted that the pioneers didn’t know what to do. They stumped them. at to do. They stumped them.

Examples:Examples:

• The question The question has stumpedhas stumped philosophers since the philosophers since the beginning of time.beginning of time.


We’re all completely stumped We’re all completely stumped —— we can’t work out we can’t work out how he escaped.how he escaped.

Key:Key:

我们都困惑不解—想不出他到底是怎样逃掉的。我们都困惑不解—想不出他到底是怎样逃掉的。

And so And so itit wentwent, that glorious, joyous, romantic , that glorious, joyous, romantic sophomore year.sophomore year.


What does the “it” stand for?What does the “it” stand for?


The word “went” could be best replaced by ____.The word “went” could be best replaced by ____.

A) escapedA) escaped B) movedB) movedC) passed byC) passed by D) traveledD) traveled

Translate into Chinese:Translate into Chinese:

??

Key:Key:

那个光辉灿烂的、充满欢乐的、富有浪漫色彩的二年那个光辉灿烂的、充满欢乐的、富有浪漫色彩的二年级就这样继续着。级就这样继续着。

relishrelish

vt.vt. get pleasure out of, enjoy greatlyget pleasure out of, enjoy greatlyn.n. If you do something with relish, you do it eagerly and If you do something with relish, you do it eagerly and

with a lot of enjoyment.with a lot of enjoyment.

Examples:Examples:

• My grandmother My grandmother hashas always always relishedrelished life. life.

• The reporter seemed to The reporter seemed to relishrelish asking all those personal asking all those personal questions.questions.

• Kate lit a cigarette and inhaled with Kate lit a cigarette and inhaled with relishrelish..

• Charles described with great Charles described with great relish relish how he got his how he got his revenge on Malcolm.revenge on Malcolm.

hang on (sb.’s words)hang on (sb.’s words)

—— listen very carefully to sb. listen very carefully to sb.

Examples:Examples:

• Ann Ann hangs on every wordhangs on every word of her history teacher and of her history teacher and takes very careful notes.takes very careful notes.

• He told them stories around the campfire, the boys He told them stories around the campfire, the boys hanginghanging fascinated fascinated on his wordson his words..

making my presence feltmaking my presence felt

• The The make + noun/pronoun + past participlemake + noun/pronoun + past participle structure structure is used when the logical subject of the verb in the past is used when the logical subject of the verb in the past participle form is unknown, less important or when it participle form is unknown, less important or when it involves the general public or people in general.involves the general public or people in general.

Examples:Examples:

• They went to the Ambassador to They went to the Ambassador to make themselves make themselves knownknown to him. to him.

• I can I can make myself understoodmake myself understood in French. in French.

• She had to shout to She had to shout to make herself heardmake herself heard above the above the sound of the music.sound of the music.

ColeridgeColeridge was an English lyric was an English lyrical poet, critic, and philosopher. al poet, critic, and philosopher. His His Lyrical BalladsLyrical Ballads, written wit, written with William Wordsworth, heraldeh William Wordsworth, heraldedd （（预示预示）） the English Romathe English Romantic movement, and his ntic movement, and his BiograBiographia Literaria (1817) is the mosphia Literaria (1817) is the most significant work of general litt significant work of general literary criticism produced in the erary criticism produced in the English Romantic period.English Romantic period.Samuel Taylor ColeridgeSamuel Taylor Coleridge

柯尔律治柯尔律治(1772—1834)(1772—1834)


The 3.4 m wingspan of the wandering albatross, one of the The 3.4 m wingspan of the wandering albatross, one of the largest birds, is an adaptation allowing long distance flight largest birds, is an adaptation allowing long distance flight over vast expanses of open ocean. The wandering albatross over vast expanses of open ocean. The wandering albatross lives for up to 30 years and may not breed until the age of 15, lives for up to 30 years and may not breed until the age of 15, when a single egg is laid and incubated for 65 to 79 days.when a single egg is laid and incubated for 65 to 79 days.

AlbatrossAlbatross

信天翁信天翁


appetiteappetite n. n.

1. one’s desire to eat and one’s feeling about how much to 1. one’s desire to eat and one’s feeling about how much to eat eat

2. (2. (forfor) a strong desire) a strong desire

Examples:Examples:

• The child’s The child’s appetiteappetite was ruined by too much candy. was ruined by too much candy.

• The stout man has a large The stout man has a large appetiteappetite..

• He has an enormous He has an enormous appetiteappetite for classical music. for classical music.

• The public has an insatiable (=extremely strong) The public has an insatiable (=extremely strong) appetappetiteite for scandal for scandal （丑闻）（丑闻） and political controversyand political controversy （争（争议）议） . .

sneak a look atsneak a look at

— — look secretly atlook secretly at

sneaksneak — — vt.vt. take secretly (often without permission) take secretly (often without permission)

Examples:Examples:

• sneaksneak a chocolate from the box a chocolate from the box

• sneaksneak a look through the keyhole a look through the keyhole

Could you make more phrases or sentences with Could you make more phrases or sentences with sneaksneak??

perceiveperceive vt.vt.

—— notice, be conscious ofnotice, be conscious of

Examples:Examples:

• If you If you perceiveperceive something, you see, notice or become something, you see, notice or become aware of it, esp. when it is not obvious to other people.aware of it, esp. when it is not obvious to other people.

• I I perceivedperceived a note of unhappiness in her voice. a note of unhappiness in her voice.

• He wasn’t able to He wasn’t able to perceiveperceive the danger of their the danger of their situation.situation.

go steady with sb.go steady with sb.

—— date sb. regularly and exclusivelydate sb. regularly and exclusively

Examples:Examples:

• TheyThey’d been going steady with’d been going steady with each other for three each other for three years before they got married.years before they got married.

revelationrevelation n. n.

—— the act of revealing sth., usually of great significancethe act of revealing sth., usually of great significance

Examples:Examples:

• The The revelationrevelation that the world is round surprised them. that the world is round surprised them.

• This is quite a This is quite a revelationrevelation to me; I had no idea that you to me; I had no idea that you were a priest.were a priest.

bullfinchbullfinch

红腹灰雀红腹灰雀


betraybetray vt.vt.

—— be disloyal or unfaithful tobe disloyal or unfaithful to

Examples:Examples:

• I thought he was too good to I thought he was too good to betraybetray his friends. his friends.

• The general The general betrayedbetrayed his country by giving away vital his country by giving away vital military secrets.military secrets.

To betray some information, especially a secret, is to make To betray some information, especially a secret, is to make it known.it known.

Examples:Examples:

• He He betrayedbetrayed the news to all his friends. the news to all his friends.

If someone betrays your trust, they make you question your If someone betrays your trust, they make you question your confidence in them.confidence in them.

Examples:Examples:

• By failing to fulfill his promise, he By failing to fulfill his promise, he has betrayedhas betrayed my my trust.trust.

To betray one’s feelings, thoughts or a particular To betray one’s feelings, thoughts or a particular characteristic is to show them without intending to.characteristic is to show them without intending to.

Examples:Examples:

• Her red face Her red face betrayedbetrayed her nervousness. her nervousness.

• Although she often seems quite cold and harsh, her Although she often seems quite cold and harsh, her smiling eyes smiling eyes betraybetray her true nature. her true nature.

Like Like AgamemnonAgamemnon, but with less drastic consequences, , but with less drastic consequences, thank God.thank God.

AgamemnonAgamemnon 阿伽门农阿伽门农Agamemnon was, in Greek mythology, king of Mycenae, Agamemnon was, in Greek mythology, king of Mycenae, and commander of the Greek forces in the Trojan War. and commander of the Greek forces in the Trojan War. After a ten-year siegeAfter a ten-year siege （围困）（围困） , Troy fell and Agamemno, Troy fell and Agamemnon returned in triumph to Mycenae. His wife Clytemnestrn returned in triumph to Mycenae. His wife Clytemnestra greeted him with words of love, but while he was in his a greeted him with words of love, but while he was in his bath she killed him with the assistance of her lover. His dbath she killed him with the assistance of her lover. His death was avengedeath was avenged （复仇）（复仇） seven years later by his son Orseven years later by his son Orestes.estes.


I felt like Agamemnon, but, luckily enough, things did not I felt like Agamemnon, but, luckily enough, things did not end up as drastically as with Agamemnon — I was not end up as drastically as with Agamemnon — I was not killed.killed.


in timein time

—— 1) eventually 1) eventually

2) at or before the right or necessary time2) at or before the right or necessary time

Examples:Examples:

• Fred and Jim did not like each other at first, but Fred and Jim did not like each other at first, but in in timetime they became friends. they became friends.

• Will you be home Will you be home in timein time to see the children before to see the children before they go to bed?they go to bed?

no more thanno more than

—— just, onlyjust, only

• The phrase The phrase no more thanno more than is used to emphasize that is used to emphasize that someone or something is not very important, valuable someone or something is not very important, valuable or impressive, or that they are hardly worth or impressive, or that they are hardly worth considering.considering.

Examples:Examples:

• They thought slaves were They thought slaves were no more thanno more than commodities. commodities.

• The white sails were The white sails were no more thanno more than a speck upon the a speck upon the waters.waters.

incentiveincentive n.n.

—— encouragement to greater activity, motivating factor, encouragement to greater activity, motivating factor, stimulusstimulus

Cf.Cf. incentiveincentive vs. vs. stimulusstimulus

• Incentive means a stimulus to action, but incentive Incentive means a stimulus to action, but incentive applies to a cause which encourages action or activity applies to a cause which encourages action or activity while stimulus refers to something, either while stimulus refers to something, either physiological or psychological, that causes a reaction physiological or psychological, that causes a reaction or growth.or growth.

Examples:Examples:

• Our bonus payments provide an Our bonus payments provide an incentiveincentive to work to work harder.harder.

• Tax Tax incentives incentives have been very effective in encouraging have been very effective in encouraging people to save or invest more of their income.people to save or invest more of their income.

• The tip of the tongue is sensitive to salt and sweet The tip of the tongue is sensitive to salt and sweet stimuli.stimuli.

• Foreign investment has been a Foreign investment has been a stimulus stimulus to the to the industry.industry.

pore overpore over

—— study or give close attention tostudy or give close attention to

Examples:Examples:

• Bill Bill pored overpored over his notes the night before the exam. his notes the night before the exam.• The architect The architect pored overpored over his designs carefully. his designs carefully.

Having tasted of the wine of knowledge, I could not now Having tasted of the wine of knowledge, I could not now alter my course.alter my course.


??Having experienced the power of knowledge, I could not Having experienced the power of knowledge, I could not bring myself to stop reading.bring myself to stop reading.

the Pierian springthe Pierian spring

• (Greek mythology) a spring considered a source of ins(Greek mythology) a spring considered a source of inspiration; drinking its water is supposed to give poetic ipiration; drinking its water is supposed to give poetic inspiration.nspiration.

English poet Alexander Pope English poet Alexander Pope is known for the brilliant verse is known for the brilliant verse and stinging satire he wrote and stinging satire he wrote during the early and mid-18th during the early and mid-18th century. Pope emulated the century. Pope emulated the classical style of the poets of classical style of the poets of antiquity and further antiquity and further developed the poetic form developed the poetic form known as the heroic couplet. known as the heroic couplet. He first earned fame with the He first earned fame with the work work An Essay on CriticismAn Essay on Criticism (1711), in which he wrote the (1711), in which he wrote the now famous line, “To err is now famous line, “To err is human, to forgive divine.”human, to forgive divine.”

Alexander PopeAlexander Pope

柏蒲柏蒲

(1688-1744)(1688-1744)


The pterosaurs were the first noninsect animals to develop flapping The pterosaurs were the first noninsect animals to develop flapping flight. Evidence suggests that some pterosaurs were partially warflight. Evidence suggests that some pterosaurs were partially warm-blooded. Pterosaurs flew in prehistoric skies beginning in the m-blooded. Pterosaurs flew in prehistoric skies beginning in the Triassic Period (( 三叠纪三叠纪 ) ) and continuing through the and continuing through the Jurassic Period (( 侏罗纪侏罗纪 ) ) until their extinction at the end of the until their extinction at the end of the Cretaceous Period (( 白垩纪白垩纪 ))..

pterodactylpterodactyl

翼手龙翼手龙


Documents

21st Century College English: Book 3 How I Got Smart Unit 1: Part A