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e½eÜz‡K nZ¨vi gva¨‡g HKë× evOvwj RvwZ‡K wef³ KivB wQjnZ¨vKvix‡ì g~j D‡Ïk¨| 1975 mv‡ji 16 AvM÷ Ôevsjv‡`k AeRvifviÕ-Ge½eÜz †kL gywReyi ingv‡bi g„Zz¨ LeiwU Armed Forces take over:Martial Law proclaimed: curfew imposed Mushtaque becomesPresident MUJIB KILLED: SITUATION REMAINS CALMwk‡ivbv‡g cÖKvwkZ nq Gfv‡e:

The Armed forces of Bangladesh took over power in the‘greater national interest’ under the leadership of the President,Khondker Mushtaque Ahmed toppling the former presidentSheikh Mujibur Rahman early Friday morning, says BSS.

The former president Sheikh Mujibur Rahman was killed athis residence during the take - over, it was announced.

Martial Law has been proclaimed and curfew imposed allover the country untill further order.

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bqvw`wjøi GK msev‡` ejv nq, evsjv‡`‡ki cÖavbgš¿x gbmyi Avwj I †kLgywR‡ei `yB fv‡Mœ‡K mvgwiK Afz¨Ìv‡bi mgq nZ¨v Kiv nq|

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†iwWI‡Z †KviAvb cv‡Vi gv‡S gv‡S GB †NvlYv¸‡jv Kiv nq| †iwWI

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cÖavbgš¿x Gg gbmyi Avjx 1975 mv‡ji 15B AvM÷ wbnZ nbwb| wZbRvZxq †bZv mv‡eK Dc-ivóªcwZ ˆmq` bRiæj Bmjvg, evsjv‡`‡ki cÖ_gcÖavbgš¿x ZvRDÏxb Avng` I mv‡eK ¯îvóªgš¿x Av n g Kvgiæ¾vgvbmn Zuv‡K1975 mv‡ji 3iv b‡f¤î XvKv †K›`Öxq KvivMv‡i nZ¨v Kiv n‡qwQj| ÔAfz¨Ìvbt gywRe I gbmyi Avjx wbnZ mvgwiK AvBb RvixÕ wk‡ivbv‡g cÖKvwkZ cÖavbgš¿xGg gbmyi Avjx g„Zz¨ msev`wU mwVK bq|

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evsjv‡`‡ki Afz¨Ìvb m¤ú‡K© miKvwi cÖwZwµqv cÖKvk cÖm‡½ gyLcvÎ e‡jb†h, evsjv‡`‡ki mv¤úÖwZK NUbvewj Zuviv mZK©Zvi m‡½ Abyaveb Ki‡Qb GesNUbvejxi Ici bRi ivL‡Qb|

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msev‡` ejv nq: KjKvZv, 16 AvM÷ (BDGbAvB)| evsjv‡`k †eZvi †_‡KAvR weKv‡j ejv n‡q‡Q †h, MZKvjKvi Afz¨Ìv‡b wbnZ cÖv³b ivóªcwZ †kLgywReyi ingvb‡K AvR Aciv‡ý Zuvi ¯^MÖvg Uzw½cvovq cvwievwiK mgvwa‡¶‡ÎÔc~Y© gh©v`vqÕ mgvwnZ Kiv n‡q‡Q|

fvi‡Zi w`wjø †_‡K cÖKvwkZ Ô`¨ wn›`y¯Ívb UvBgmÕ cwÎKvq 1975 mv‡ji17 AvM÷ “Mujib buried with `full honcurs / Khondkar Govtclamps curfew in Bangladesh’ `Dacca closer to Islamic Camp’wk‡ivbv‡g e½eÜz †kL gywReyi ingv‡bi g„Zz¨ msev` cÖKvwkZ nq| msev‡` ejvnq:

CALCUTTA, Aug. 16 (UNI, PTI): Thirty six hours after yes-terday’s army coup which ousted the Mujibur RehmanGovernment. Bangladesh remained curfew- hound and cut offfrom the rest of the world.

President Khondkar Mushtaque Ahmed reviewed the situa-tion in the country at a meeting of his Cabinet today and“expressed satisfaction at the overall situation.” RadioBangladesh said.

The radio, the only source of information following the hap-ping of telecommunication links and sealing of the country’s bor-ders, reported that the curfew was relaxed for three hours from9.30 a.m to enable the people to buy their ration. According to theradio. there had been no report of any untoward incidents duringthe curfew relaxation.

The body of Sheikh Mujib, who was killed in yesterday’scoup, was buried with “full honours ‘’ in the family burial aroundin Tungipara in Faridpur district this afternoon Radio Bangladeshreported this evening.

The radio said the body had been taken from Dacca to hishome village.

At the cabinet meeting, which lasted 40 minutes, Mr. Ahmedasked all the Ministers to look after the departments they holdcharge of under the Mujib Government. All the other portfolius,including Home affairs, would be held by the president, the radioreported.

The radio informed its listeners be Pakistan’s recognition ofthe new Government. Mr Ahmed expressed his thanks to Pakistanfor according it recognition, the radio said.

7

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While reiterating his Government’s determination to establish friendly and cordial relations with all countries. Mr.Ahmed said Bangladesh would be in close touch with the 40nation Islamic Conference.

The radio said people belonging to different walks of life hadhalled the leadership of Khondakar Mushtaque Ahmed with thebacking of the army and expressed the hope that the nation wouldmarch towards progress and prosperity.

They said the army’s action was the right step to save thecountry from chaos and confusion and ensure the toward march ofthe nation.

The Ex-servicemen ‘s Association has expressed its completeallegiance to the new President and their services at the disposalon the military command.

Movement of public and private vehicles was strictly prohibited during the curfew hours through out Bangladesh. Theradio said that only essential services.

The radio continued to broadcast warnings to the peopleagainst violating the curfew.

Indian airlines and Bangladesh Biman cancelled their seheduled flights between Calcutta and Dacca.

The military backed Government headed by Mr. KhondkerMushtaque Ahmed assured office and proclaimed martial law inBangladesh yesterday after a swift early morning coup in whichPresident Mujibur Rehman and Prime Minister MohammedMansoor Ali were killed. The Sheikh was killed in his official residence.

GB msev‡Ì cÖavbgš¿x Gg gbmyi Avjxi g„Zz¨ msev`wU fzj wQj| ‘2 nephews Killed’ wk‡ivbv‡g cÖKvwkZ msev‡` ejv nq:Sheikh Mujib’s two nephews are believed to be Sheikh Moni

and Sheikh Shahidul Islam both were politically prominent andclose to the Sheikh.

The Associated Press said that the country had been re-des-ignated as the Islamic Republic of Bangladesh. It had so far beenknown as the people’s Republic of Bangladesh wedded to secularism, socialism, democracy and nationalism.

Sheikh Moni was editor of Bangladesh Times and SheikhIslam secretary of the student from of the Bangladesh KrishakShramik Awami Leauge, the sole political party in the country.

The Sheikh had other nephews as well...GB msev‡` e½eÜz †kL gywReyi ingv‡bi `yB fv‡Mœi g„Zz¨ msev‡ì K_v ejv

n‡q‡Q| 15 AvM÷ e½eÜzi GK fv‡Mœ †gR †ev‡bi †Q‡j †kL dRjyj nK gwYI Av‡iK fv‡Mœ †mR †ev‡bi Kwbô †Q‡j Avwid †miwbqvevZ wbnZ n‡qwQ‡jb|

IB cwÎKvi Av‡iKwU msev‡` 1975 mv‡ji 17 AvM÷ ‘Internal matter, feels India’ wk‡ivbv‡g e½eÜzi nZ¨vKvix‡ì wePvi bv †P‡q eis GUvevsjv‡`‡ki Avf¨šÍixY e¨vcvi e‡j fvi‡Zi Gwo‡q hvIqvi wPÎI cvIqv hvq|GB msev‡` †m m¤ú‡K© ejv nq :

NEW DELHI, Aug. 16 (PTI). The Government of India saidtoday that India could not remain unaffected by the politicaldevelopments in a neighboring Country, “but they are internalmatters of Bangladesh.’’

In the first official comment on the developments inBangladesh, a spokesman of the Eternal Affairs Ministry said theGovernment was “carefully studying’’ the reports and “watchingthe developments’’.

The people of India are committed to ‘a vision of co-operation and friendship’ among the countries of the sub-continent and the spokesman said that “we shall continue tostrive for the achievement of this ideal.’’

He expressed India’s “great shock’’ over reports of killing ofpolitical leaders and their farnilies.

He said that they were “deeply grieved’’ by the tragic deathof Sheikh Mujibur Rahman who led the national struggle for liberation with steadfastness and courage.

“we held him in high esteem in India as one of the outstanding personalities of our time’’ he said.

The spokesman’s statement read: The Government of Indiaare carefully studying reports of recent events in Bangladesh andwatching developments. We cannot remain unaffected by thesepolitical developments in a neighbouring country but they areinternal matters of Bangladesh.

Reports of the killing of political leaders and their familieshave come as a great shock. we are deeply grieved by the tragicdeath of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman who led the national strugglefor liberation with steadfastness and courage. we held him in highesteem in India as one the outstanding personalities of our time.

The people of India are committed to a vision of co-operationand Friendship among the countries of the sub-continent. We shallcontinue to strive for the achievement of this ideal.

fvi‡Zi Av‡iKwU ˆ`wbK cwÎKv `¨ mvb‡W †÷Umg¨vb G 1975 mv‡ji 17AvM÷ “India Keeping Watch On Events In Bangladesh Grief OverMujib’s Tragic Death’’ wk‡ivbv‡g msev‡` ejv nq :

NEW DELHI, Aug 16| India is “Carefully Studying’’ reportsof events in Bangladesh and “Watching developments’’ but anofficial spokesman made it clear today that these are considered“Internal matters of Bangladesh.”

In a statement the spokesman expressed deep grief at “thetragic death of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman who led the nationalstruggle for liberation with steadfastness and courage. We heldhim in high esteem in India as one of the outstanding personalities of our times.”

Referring to the situation on the sub-continent as a whole, thespokesman said India wanted cooperation and friendship amongGovernment would “continue to strive for the achievement of thisideal.’’

While the Government feels that recent developments are“Internal matters of Bangladesh’’, the spokesman said, “we cannot remain unaffected by these political developments in aneighbouring country.’’

Meanwhile, Dr. Kamal Hossain, Bangladesh’s ForeignMinister under Sheikh Mujibur Rahman’s Government, did notarrive here as scheduled from Frankfurt for a two-day visit. Thespokesman denied reports by a foreign news agency that Dr.Hossain had arrived and been whisked away from the airport.Nothing was known here about Dr. Hossain’s whereabouts.

The following is the text of the statement of the officialspokesman of the Ministry of External Affairs. “The Governmentof India is carefully studying reports of receive events inBangladesh and watching developments. We cannot remain unaffected by these political developments in a neighbouringcountry but they are internal matters of Bangladesh.

“Reports of the killing of political leaders and their familieshave come as a great shock. We are deeply grieved by the tragicdeath of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman who led the national strugglefor liberation with steadfastness and courage. We held him in highesteem in India as one of the outstanding personalities of our time.

“The People of India are committed to a vision of cooperation and friendship among the countries to strive for theachievement in this ideal.’’

e½eÜzi jvk `vdb cÖm‡½ 1975 mv‡ji 17 AvM÷ ˆ`wbK evsjv cwÎKvqÔc~Y© gh©v`vq mv‡eK ivóªcwZi jvk `vdbÕ wk‡ivbv‡g ejv nq : mv‡eK ivóªcwZ †kLgywReyi ingv‡bi jvk kwbevi wegvb‡hv‡M dwi`cy‡ii Uzw½cvovq Zuvi MÖv‡gi evwo‡Zwb‡q hvIqv nq Ges c~Y© gh©v`vi m‡½ Zv‡ì cvwievwiK †Mvi Ív‡b `vdb Kiv nq|GKRb miKvix gyLcvÎ GK_v Rvbvb e‡j MZKvj evmmÕi Le‡i ejv nq|

evsjv‡`‡ki RvZxq cwÎKv¸‡jv‡Z e½eÜz †kL gywReyi ingv‡bi ¯¿x, mšÍvb,cwievi-cwiRb I Ab¨vb¨ m`m¨‡ì g„Zz¨ msev` cÖKvwkZ nqwb| e½eÜzi wbg©gnZ¨vKvÐ‡K wb‡q †Kv‡bv wb›`v cÖKvk nqwb| ivR‰bwZK gZcv_©K¨ _vK‡ZBcv‡i| bxwZi Av`‡k© gZcv_©K¨ _vK‡ZB cv‡i| ZvB e‡j, huvi †bZ…‡Z¡, huviAvnŸv‡b evOvwj ¯^vaxbZv AR©‡b HKë× n‡qwQ‡jb| Zuvi ÔRq evsjvÕ †¯øvMvbevOvwj‡K ¯^vaxbZv hy‡× DØy× K‡iwQj| †mB gnvb †bZv e½eÜz †kL gywReyiingv‡bi nZ¨vKvix‡ì kvw¯Í †P‡q †mw`b evOvwj eyw×Rxex gnj †Kv‡bv e³e¨†`bwb|

†jLK: mvsevw`K, ˆ`wbK hyMvšÍi

8

wbix¶v

Dcgnv‡`k BwZnv‡m wgwQj ev †kvK wgwQj bZzb wKQzbq| wesk kZvãxi wek I wÎ‡ki `k‡K gnvZ¥v MvÜxiwb‡`©‡k †hgb niZvj cvwjZ n‡q‡Q, wVK †ZgwbGKm‡½ P‡j‡Q wgwQj| wewfbœ NUbvcÖev‡n n‡q‡Q†kvK wgwQj, Avevi KL‡bv KL‡bv G iKg wgwQj†_‡K mwnsm we‡ÿv‡fi NUbvI N‡U‡Q| evsjv‡`‡kGL‡bv wgwQj wbZ¨w`‡bi NUbv| †kvK wgwQjI †`Lvhvq gv‡Sg‡a¨, hv A‡b‡Ki Kv‡Q †kvKhvÎv ev kehvÎvbv‡gI cwiwPZ| Avgiv AvR K_v ej‡Z PvB GgbBGKwU †kvK wgwQ‡ji msev` wb‡q, hvi m‡½ Rwo‡qAv‡Q evOvwj RvwZi `ytLRbK GK AvL¨vb|

1975 mv‡ji 15B AvM÷ GK Kjw¼Z w`b| ïayevsjv‡`‡kB bq, wek^ BwZnv‡m GK b¨°viRbK NUbvmsNwUZ n‡qwQj GB w`‡b| GB w`‡b cwiev‡ii †ewkifvM m`m¨mn kvnv`ZeiY K‡iwQ‡jb RvwZi RbKe½eÜz †kL gywReyi ingvb| 15B AvM‡÷i nZ¨vKvÐ Iivóªh‡š¿ ÿgZvi cvjve`‡ji ci evsjv‡`‡kiMYgva¨‡g e½eÜz †kL gywReyi ingvb wQ‡jb wbe©vwmZ|†h †fv‡i fqvbK GB NUbv NUj, †mw`b A_©vr 1975mv‡ji 15B AvM‡÷i cwÎKvi cvZvqI wQ‡jb e½eÜz|IBw`b e½eÜzi XvKv wek^we`¨vj‡qi we‡kl mgveZ©‡bhvIqvi K_v wQj| †m wel‡q wewfbœ Lei I we‡kl†µvocÎ wQj ˆ`wbK B‡ËdvK, ˆ`wbK evsjvmn Ab¨cwÎKv¸‡jvq| Z‡e 16 AvM÷ †_‡KB e`‡j hvqmewKQz| 17 AvM÷ ïay e½eÜzi `vd‡bi Lei

9

cÖ e Ü. .

GKwU †kvK wgwQ‡ji

msev`†gv. wgbnvR DÏxb

cÖKvwkZ n‡qwQj AZ¨šÍ †QvU cwim‡i| Gici Uvbv AvovB gvm MYgva¨‡g †kLgywR‡ei bvg wQj G‡Kev‡iB wbwl×| `y-GK jvBb †jLv n‡jI Zv wQj fxlY†bwZevPK| Avi Zuvi we‡klY wn‡m‡e Ôe½eÜzÕ k‡ãi eënvi wQj my`~icivnZKó Kíbv| hvB †nvK, 15B AvM‡÷i nZ¨vh‡Ái ci †kL gywReyi ingvb‡Kwb‡q cÖKvwkZ cÖ_g Lei cÖKvwkZ nq 1975 mv‡ji 5 b‡f¤î| 3 b‡f¤îweª‡MwWqvi Lv‡j` †gvkvii‡di Afz¨Ìv‡bi ci 4 b‡f¤î c~e©wba©vwiZ GKwU†kvK i¨vwj †ei n‡qwQj XvKv kn‡i| †mB wgwQj‡K wb‡qB msev` cÖKvwkZn‡qwQj cwÎKvi cvZvq| ejv hvq, Avevi cwÎKvi cvZvq †d‡ib RvwZi RbKe½eÜz †kL gywReyi ingvb|

BwZnv‡mi cvZv †_‡K Rvbv hvq, IB †kvK wgwQ‡ji Av‡qvRK wQ‡jb XvKvwek^we`¨vjq †K›`ªxq QvÎ msm‡ì (WvKmy) †bZviv| †m mg‡qi WvKmy †bZvivwe‡kl K‡i mfvcwZ gyRvwn`yj Bmjvg †mwjg I mnKg©x msMVbwUi mvaviYm¤úv`K we‡kl f‚wgKv iv‡Lb| GB †kvK wgwQjwU‡Z †hvM w`‡qwQ‡jb QvÎBDwbq‡bi †bZviv| hv‡Z †hvM †`b bMixi AMwYZ bvix-cyiæl| GQvov GB†kvK wgwQ‡j Av‡iv wQ‡jb 3 b‡f¤î Afz¨ÌvbKvix Lv‡j` †gvkvii‡di gv IfvB| GB †kvK wgwQjwU‡Z †mB mgq XvKv wek^we`¨vj‡qi A‡bK mvaviY QvÎI†hvM w`‡qwQ‡jb| hv‡ì g‡a¨ wQ‡jb evsjv‡`‡ki L¨vwZgvb mvsevw`K †gv. kvnAvjgMxi| wZwb ZLb XvKv wek^we`¨vj‡qi cÖ_g e‡l©i QvÎ| G wgwQjwU m¤ú‡K©Kwe wb‡g©‡j›`y MyY Zuvi Ôi³Siv b‡f¤î 1975Õ MÖ‡š’ wj‡L‡Qb (c„ôv 16),ÔRvbjvg wgwQjwU e½eÜzi evwo‡Z dzj w`‡q G‡m‡Q| GwU GKwU g¯Í eo NUbv|XvKv wek^we`¨vj‡qi QvÎiv wgwQjwUi Av‡qvRb K‡i‡Q| evsjv‡`k QvÎjxM Ievsjv‡`k QvÎ BDwbq‡bi mgš^‡q MwVZ msMÖvgx QvÎmgvR e½eÜzi ¯§„wZ wèmcvj‡bi Rb¨ IB wgwQjwUi Av‡qvRb K‡iwQj| IB wgwQ‡j wQ‡jb msm` m`m¨gwnDwÏb Avn‡g`, msm` m`m¨ kvgmywÏb †gvjøv, msm` m`m¨ iv‡k` †gvkvi-id, giûg L›`Kvi †gvnv¤§` Bwjqvm, †gvnv¤§` gnmxb g›Uz, †eMg gwZqv†PŠayix, gyRvwn`yj Bmjvg †mwjg, BmgZ Kvwì Mvgv, Lv‡j` †gvkvii‡di e„×gvZv cÖgyL|Õ GB †kvKhvÎvq †hvM w`‡Z avbgwÛi evwm›`v Kwe mywdqv Kvgvj,Kwe RmxgD`&`xb, e‡iY¨ wPÎwkíx Rqbyj Av‡ew`bmn AviI †ek K‡qKRbe‡iY¨ e¨w³‡K AvnŸvb Rvbv‡bv n‡qwQj| Amy¯’Zvi Kvi‡Y Kwe mywdqv Kvgvj†kvKhvÎvq †hvM w`‡Z cv‡ibwb| Avi Abïv wVK Kx Kvi‡Y †hvM †`bwb ZvAvRI AÁvZ|

1975 mv‡ji 4 b‡f¤^‡ii GB wgwQjwUi Lei ¸iæZ¡ mnKv‡i c‡ii w`bRvZxq ˆ`wbK¸‡jvq cÖKvwkZ nq| Avevi cwÎKvi cvZvq †jLv nq e½eÜzkãwU| B‡ËdvK Qv‡c Ôkn‡i †gŠb wgwQjÕ wk‡ivbv‡gi Lei| ˆ`wbK evsjviwk‡ivbvgÑ ÔQvÎ‡ì †gŠb wgwQj: e½eÜz iæ‡ni gvM‡divZ KvgbvÕ| `ywU Bs‡iwRcwÎKv Bangladesh Observer I Bangladesh Times Lei cÖKvk K‡iÔHomage paid to BangabandhuÕ I ÔHomeage to mujibÕwk‡ivbv‡g|

ˆ`wbK evsjvq cÖKvwkZ ÔQvÎ‡ì †gŠb wgwQj: e½eÜz iæ‡ni gvM‡divZKvgbvÕ wk‡ivbv‡gi msev‡ì eY©bv wQj GiKgÑ Ôg½jevi †ejv mv‡o `kUvqXvKv wek^we`¨vj‡qi eUZjv †_‡K QvÎ‡ì GKwU †gŠb wgwQj †ei Kiv nq Ges11Uv 15 wgwb‡U wgwQjKvixiv avbgwÛi ewÎk bv¤^vi mo‡K Dcw¯’Z n‡q mv‡eK†cÖwm‡W›U e½eÜz †kL gywReyi ingv‡bi kÖ×v I iæ‡ni gvM‡divZ Kvgbv K‡ib|wgwQjwUi cy‡ivfv‡M e½eÜzi wekvj GKwU cÖwZK…wZ wQ‡jv| wgwQ‡j wecyjmsL¨vK QvÎ-QvÎx I gwnjviv †hvM †`b| eUZjv †_‡K e½eÜzi evmfebAwfgyLx GB wgwQj bxj‡ÿZ moK I wbDgv‡K©U n‡q myk„•Ljfv‡e c_ AwZµgK‡i| ewÎk b¤î evmfe‡b †cuŠ‡Q QvÎ I ivR‰bwZK †bZ…e„›` †M‡U e½eÜz †kLgywReyi ingv‡bi PviwU cÖwZK…wZ jvwM‡q †`b Ges Gi Dci cy®úgvj¨ I dzjwQwU‡q †`b| Zviv e½eÜzi iæ‡ni gvM‡divZ Kvgbv K‡i †gvbvRvZ K‡ib| c‡iwgwQjwU Avevi XvKv wek^we`¨vj‡qi eUZjvq wd‡i G‡m †kl nq| we‡K‡j knx`wgbv‡i GK QvÎ Rgv‡qZ nq| Rgv‡qZ †k‡l wgwQj †ei Kiv nq| wgwQjwUcyivb nvB‡KvU© I †cÖmK¬ve n‡q evqZzj †gvKvii‡g wM‡q †kl nq|Õ (ˆ`wbKevsjv, 5 b‡f¤î 1975)|

Z‡e 4 b‡f¤î cÖKvwkZ cwÎKv‡Z †mB †kvK i¨vwji msev` Lye †ewkwe¯ÍvwiZ cwim‡i cÖKvwkZ nqwb| IB †kvK i¨vwji Av‡qvRb I XvKvwek^we`¨vjq GjvKv †_‡K avbgwÛi 32 b¤î ch©šÍ A‡bK NUbv N‡U, hv †_‡Khvq AšÍiv‡j| IB †kvK wgwQ‡ji msMVK I AskMÖnYKvix ZrKvjxb QvÎ‡bZvb~n-Dj-Avjg †jwbb I ARq `vk¸ß Ôe½eÜz nZ¨vKvÐ I cÖwZev‡ì cÖ_g eQiÕwk‡ivbv‡g GKwU eB wj‡L‡Qb| Zv‡Z Zviv GB NUbvi we¯ÍvwiZ weeiY Zz‡ja‡i‡Qb| †mB eB‡qi eY©bv AbyhvqxÑ Ô... 4 b‡f¤î mKvj †_‡KB eUZjv‡ZQvÎ-QvÎxiv mg‡eZ n‡Z _v‡Kb| ... eUZjv n‡q hvq QvÎ-RbZvq cwic~Y©| ...Kjvfe‡bi †MU †_‡K QvÎ-RbZvi wgwQj webv evavq †ei nq| wKš‘ bxj‡ÿZ

cywjk duvwoi Kv‡Q cywjk, wewWAvi I †mbvevwnbx Avgv‡ì MwZ‡iva K‡i|`xN©ÿY a‡i P‡j ev`vbyev`| GK ch©v‡q Zviv wgwQ‡j nvgjv Ki‡Z D`¨Z nq|ZviciI QvÎ RbZv wcQz n‡Uwb| †kl ch©šÍ wgwQjKvix‡ì `„p g‡bvfv‡ei Kv‡Qevav`vbKvixiv nvi gv‡b| D‡V hvq e¨vwi‡KW| Avgiv GwM‡q Pwj Avi wgwQjµ‡gB `xN© n‡Z _v‡K| mv‡qÝ j¨ve‡iUwii KvQ †_‡K eo GKUv mgv‡ekAvgv‡ì wgwQ‡ji mv‡_ hy³ nq| KjvevMv‡b A‡cÿvq wQj Av‡iKwU mgv‡ek|ZvivI kvwgj nj wgwQ‡j| G‡ì g‡a¨ wQ‡jb Lv‡j` †gvkvii‡di gv|Õ (c„ôv103)|

HwZnvwmK GB †kvK i¨vwji Av‡qvR‡bi †bc‡_¨ we‡kl f‚wgKv †i‡LwQ‡jbWvKmyi mfvcwZ gyRvwn`yj Bmjvg †mwjg| wgwQjwUi Av‡qvRb I mswkøó bvbvNUbvcÖevn wb‡q 2018 mv‡ji 15 AvM÷ mKv‡j †jLK Zuvi m‡½ K_v e‡jb|gyRvwn`yj Bmjvg †mwjg Rvbvb, GB †kvK wgwQjwUi cÖ¯‘wZ PjwQj A‡bK Av‡M†_‡KB| cwiKíbv wQj XvKv wek^we`¨vjq †Lvjvi ciciB e½eÜz †kL gywReyiingv‡bi Rb¨ GKwU †kvK wgwQj Kiv n‡e| cÖ_‡g cwiKíbv wQj wgwQjwU n‡e28 A‡±vei| wKš‘ cÖ¯‘wZ‡Z NvUwZ _vKvi Kvi‡Y cieZ©x ZvwiL 4 b‡f¤îwba©viY Kiv nq| GB Zvwi‡Li m‡½ 3 b‡f¤î Lv‡j` †gvkvii‡di Afz¨ÌvbNUbvcÖev‡ni †Kv‡bv m¤úK© wQj bv| GB †kvK wgwQ‡ji AbygwZ ev wewfbœe¨w³‡K AewnZ Kiv wb‡q wewfbœ Rb wewfbœ ai‡bi Z_¨ Zz‡j ai‡QbÑ welqwUD‡jøL K‡i gyRvwn`yj Bmjvg †mwj‡gi `„wó AvKl©Y Ki‡j wZwb Rvbvb, el©xqvbivRbxwZwe` gÄyiæj Avnmvb Lvb I iv‡k` †gvkviid (ZrKvjxb msm` m`m¨,Lv‡j` †gvkvii‡di fvB) wQ‡jb GKB GjvKvi evwm›`v| 4 b‡f¤î †fv‡i gÄy-iæj Avnmvb Lvb Zuvi Pv‡gwjev‡Mi evmv †_‡K †dvb K‡iwQ‡jb iv‡k` †gvkvi-id‡K| g~jZ ivR‰bwZK NUbvcÖevn Rvb‡ZB wZwb †dvbwU K‡ib| IB mgqiv‡k` †gvkviid Rvbvb, fvB (Lv‡j` †gvkviid) GLv‡bB Av‡Qb| ZLb gÄy-iæj Avnmvb Lv‡bi m‡½ Lv‡j` †gvkvii‡di K_v nq| IB mgq gÄyiæj AvnmvbLv‡bi cv‡k wQ‡jb gyRvwn`yj Bmjvg †mwjg| Lv‡j` †gvkviid I gÄyiæjAvnmvb Lv‡bi K_vi g‡a¨B GKch©v‡q Lv‡j‡ì m‡½ K_v nq gyRvwn`yj Bmjvg†mwj‡gi| wZwb ZLb Lv‡j`‡K 4 b‡f¤^‡ii c~e©wba©vwiZ †kvK i¨vwji K_vRvbvb| G mgq Lv‡j` Zuv‡K e‡jb, ÔAvgvi †Q‡jiv †Zvgv‡ì evav †`‡e bv|ÕG mgq gyRvwn`yj Bmjvg †mwjg Zuv‡K (Lv‡j` †gvkviid) GB wgwQ‡j Ask†bIqvi AvnŸvb Rvbvb| †n‡m Rvbvb wZwb cvi‡eb bv, Z‡e Zuvi gv wgwQ‡j_vK‡eb| Gici wgwQjwU AbywôZ nq| G wgwQ‡ji NUbvcÖvevn m¤ú‡K© AviIRvb‡Z PvB‡j el©xqvb ivRbxwZK gyRvwn`yj Bmjvg †mwjg Rvbvb, XvKvwek^we`¨vjq †_‡K `yB jvB‡b wgwQjwU †ei nq| bxj‡ÿ‡Z GwU evavi gy‡L c‡o|wKš‘ me evav AwZµg K‡i wgwQjwU GwM‡q hvq| 32 b¤^‡i †cuŠQvi ci †kLgywReyi ingv‡bi cÖwZK…wZ‡Z kÖ×v Rvbv‡bv nq| GKRb ûRyi †gvbvRvZ K‡ib|

HwZnvwmK GB wgwQjwU wb‡q 5 b‡f¤î Lei cÖKvwkZ n‡jI we¯ÍvwiZGme NUbv KL‡bvB mvg‡b Av‡mwb| ejv hvq, IB w`‡bi LeiwU wQj †ek `vqm-viv †Mv‡Qi| Gi †cQ‡b cÖvmw½K wn‡m‡e wKQz NUbv D‡jøL Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i|D‡jøL¨, e½eÜz †kL gywReyi ingvb‡K nZ¨vi ci evsjv‡`‡ki MYgva¨‡g †kLgywR‡ei bvg D”PviY wQj wbwl×| L›`Kvi †gvkZv‡Ki Wvbcš’x ejq †kLgywRe‡K MYgva¨‡g Avm‡Z †`qwb| G‡ÿ‡Î IB mg‡qi `vwqZ¡cÖvß m¤úv`KivI†Kv‡bv BwZevPK f‚wgKv iv‡Lbwb| D‡jøL Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i, 1975 mv‡j 15BAvM÷ c~eeZ©x mg‡q `vwqZ¡cÖvß mvsevw`K‡ì A‡b‡KB e½eÜz †kL gywReyiingv‡bi †¯œnab¨ wQ‡jb| Zv‡ì A‡b‡KB Avevi e½eÜzi bZzb ivR‰bwZKcÖ‡Póv‡Z hy³ n‡qwQ‡jb AwZ Drmv‡ni m‡½| 1975 mv‡ji 2 gvP© bZzbivR‰bwZK `‡j †hvM w`‡qwQ‡jb B‡Ëdv‡Ki m¤úv`K Av‡bvqvi †nv‡mb gÄy,AeRvifv‡ii m¤úv`K kwn`yj nK, ˆ`wbK msev‡ì m¤úv`K eRjyi ingvb,ˆ`wbK evsjvi m¤úv`K byiæj Bmjvg cv‡Uvqvix, c~e© †`‡ki m¤úv`K Gn‡Zkvgnvq`vi †PŠayix, gwb©s wbD‡Ri m¤úv`K kvgQyj û`v, evsjv‡`k msev` ms¯’vicÖavb m¤úv`K RvIqv`yj Kwig I wewcAvBÕi m¤úv`K wgRvbyi ingvb| e½eÜzi¸Ygy» GB m¤úv`Kiv 1975 mv‡ji 15B AvM‡÷i ci e½eÜzi c‡ÿ ev Lywb‡ìwec‡ÿ †Kv‡bv f‚wgKv †i‡LwQ‡jb wK bv, Zvi †Kv‡bv mvÿ¨cÖgvY cvIqv hvq bv|cwiewZ©Z cwiw¯’wZ‡Z Zviv †Kv‡bv †Póv K‡iwQ‡jb wK bv, ZviI †Kv‡bv mvgvbÄvjvgZ Zbœ Zbœ K‡iI cvIqv hvq bv| Z‡e cwiw¯’wZ e`‡j wM‡qwQj 1975mv‡ji 3 b‡f¤î gaïv‡Z| IB iv‡Z weª‡MwWqvi Lv‡j` †gvkviid GK Afz¨ÌvbmsNwUZ K‡ib| hv‡Z cwiewZ©Z nq A‡bK wKQz| hvi †cÖÿvc‡UB c~e© †_‡KcwiKwíZ 4 b‡f¤î GB †kvK i¨vwjwU XvKvi ivRc‡_ bvg‡Z cv‡i| hwÌLv‡j` †gvkvii‡di Afz¨Ìvb †Póv mdj nqwb| 7 b‡f¤î 1975 mv‡jB cvëvGK cÖ‡Póvq evsjv‡`k P‡j hvq Ab¨ GK Wvbcwš’ ej‡q| ZLb evsjv‡`‡kimsev`cÎ¸‡jv eva¨ n‡q A_ev wb‡R‡ì wm×v‡šÍ bZzb f‚wgKvq AeZxY© nq|

†jLK: cÖfvlK, MY‡hvMv‡hvM I mvsevw`KZv wefvM, RMbœv_ wek^we`¨vjq

10

wbix¶v

RvwZi wcZv gnvb †bZv e½eÜz †kL gywReyiingv‡bi (1920-1975) Rxeb, Kg©, wPšÍv, `k©bI Av`k© evOvwji †cÖiYvi Drm| GB Kg©exi IZ¨vMx ivóªbvq‡Ki Rxe‡b, gb‡b, m„R‡b I †PZ‡beB‡qi weivU Ae`vb i‡q‡Q| e½eÜzi wjwLZÔAmgvß AvZ¥RxebxÕ (2012), Zuvi wPwVcÎ,Wv‡qwi, e³…Zv, fvlY, cvwievwiK, e¨w³MZ I`jxq cvVvMvi, †jLK-M‡elK-Aa¨vcK,eÜzevÜe, mnKg©x I wbKU AvZ¥xq‡ì m~‡Î ZuvieBcov, eBcÖxwZ, eB msµvšÍ AewnwZ, cvV¯ú„nvBZ¨vw` m¤ú‡K© Rvbv hvq| QvÎRxeb, ivR‰bwZKRxeb I ivóªbvqK Rxe‡b wZwb AmsL¨ eBcy ÍK IcÎcwÎKv c‡o‡Qb| e¨w³MZ-cvwievwiK I `jxqch©v‡q ’vcb K‡i‡Qb cvVvMviI|

e½eÜzi †mB eBcov I eBcÖxwZ m¤ú‡K©Av‡jvKcvZ KivB GB cÖe‡Üi D‡Ïk¨| Gi d‡jeZ©gvb I fwel¨r cÖRb¥ GB gnvb †bZvi Av`k©AbymiY K‡i eBcov Z_v ÁvbvR©‡bi gva¨‡gwb‡R‡K mywkwÿZ I ¯wkwÿZ K‡i e¨w³MZ-cvwievwiK-mvgvwRK I ivóªxqfv‡e Kj¨vYeª‡Zm‡Pó n‡e|

Ôe½eÜzi eB covÕ ïiæ nq cvwievwiKcwi‡e‡k| HwZnëvnx wkwÿZ gymwjg cwiev‡ie½eÜzi Rb¥| wcZv †kL jyrdi ingvb wQ‡jbwkwÿZ I m‡PZb e¨w³| wZwb miKvwi PvKwi

11

cÖ e Ü. .

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1972 mv‡j XvKvq AbywôZ nq AvšÍR©vwZK MÖš’el© Dcj‡ÿ¨ mvZw`be¨vcx MÖš’ cÖ k©bx| cÖavbgš¿x e½eÜz †kL gywReyi ingvb G Dcj‡ÿ¨GK evYx †`b| wZwb AvšÍR©vwZK MÖš’el© Drme I MÖš’ cÖ k©bxi mvdj¨Kvgbv K‡ib| e½eÜz Zuvi evYx‡Z ¯vaxb evsjv‡`‡k cÖ_g AvšÍR©vwZKMÖš’el© cvjb Dcj‡ÿ¨ Mfxi Avb›` cÖKvk K‡ib| wZwb e‡jb, Gi d‡jevsjv‡`‡ki RbMY we‡ki kvwšÍKvgx I Ávbwccvmy gvby‡li mv‡_ cwiwPZn‡Z cvi‡e|20

e½eÜzi msM„nxZ eB, eB cv‡Vi Z…òv Ges e¨w³MZ jvB‡eªwii K_v†`k-we‡`‡ki †jLK-mvsevw`K-M‡elK-ivR‰bwZK mnKg©x-cvwievwiKm`m¨‡ì eY©bvq wKse`wšÍmg D‡jøL cvIqv hvq| avbgwÐi 32bs evwo‡Ze¨w³MZ cvVvMv‡i AvjgvwifwZ© eB‡qi cv‡k †Uwe‡ji mvg‡b †Pqv‡i emvAe ’vq eB‡cÖgx e½eÜzi GKwU Av‡jvKwPÎ BwZnv‡mi D¾¡j wb`k©b n‡qAv‡Q| avbgwÐi evwo‡Z e½eÜzi jvB‡eªwi I msM„nxZ eB m¤ú‡K©e½eÜzKb¨v evsjv‡`‡ki eZ©gvb cÖavbgš¿x †kL nvwmbvi Av‡eMgq ¯§„wZgqeY©bv cvIqv hvq| wZwb wj‡L‡QbÑ

Ô1971 mv‡ji 25†k gvP©| ¸wji AvNv‡Z SuvRiv n‡qwQj GBevwowU| ivZ 12.30 wgwb‡U AveŸv ¯vaxbZvi †NvlYv w`‡q cvwK Ívwbnvbv`vi evwnbxi weiæ‡× hy‡× Suvwc‡q coevi wb‡ ©k w`‡jb| Avi †mBLei Iq¨vi‡j‡mi gva¨‡g PÆMÖvg †cuŠ‡Q †Ìqv n‡jv| c~e©cwiKíbvAbyhvqx GB Lei cvIqvi m‡½ m‡½ PÆMÖv‡gi AvIqvgx jx‡Mi †bZviv Zv

13

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†RjLvbvq eB †ewki fvMB †Rj jvB‡eªwi‡Z `vb K‡i w`‡Zb; wKš‘Avgvi gvÕi Aby‡iv‡a GB eB KqUv AveŸv KL‡bv w`‡Zb bv, m‡½ wb‡qAvm‡Zb| Zuvi g‡a¨ iex›`ª-iPbvejx, kirP›`ª, bRiæ‡ji iPbv, evb©vW k,iv‡mj, †kjx I KxUmmn †ek K‡qKLvbv eB| Gi g‡a¨ K‡qKUv eB‡q†mÝi Kivi wmj †Ìqv wQj| †R‡j wKQz cvVv‡j †mÝi Kiv nq,AbymÜvb Kiv nq Zvici cvm n‡q †M‡j wmj gviv nq| cici AveŸvKZevi †R‡j †M‡jb Zvi wmj GB eB¸wj‡Z wQj|

gv, GB KqUv eB Lye hZœ K‡i ivL‡Zb| AveŸv †Rj †_‡K Qvov†c‡jB †LuvR wb‡Zb eB¸wj G‡b‡Qb wKbv| hwÌ AveŸv‡K A‡bK eB†R‡j cvVv‡bv n‡Zv| gv cÖPzi eB wKb‡Zb Avi †R‡j cvVv‡Zb|wbDgv‡K©‡U gvÕi m‡½ AvgivI †hZvg| eB cQ›` KiZvg, wb‡RivIwKbZvg| memgqB eB †Kbv I covi GKUv †iIqvR Avgv‡ì evmvqwQj| cÖPzi eB wQj| †mB eB¸‡jv Iiv bó K‡i| eB‡qi cÖwZ I‡ìAv‡µvkI Kg bv| Avgvi LyeB Kó nq H eB¸wji R‡b¨| HwZnvwmK`wjj n‡qwQj| wKš‘ 1971 mv‡j Zv meB nvivjvg|

1981 mv‡j Avwg wd‡i G‡m evwowU Ly‡j w`‡Z ewj; wKš‘ †Rbv‡ijwRqvDi ingvb AbygwZ †`qwb| GgbwK evwo‡Z cÖ‡ek Kivi AbygwZIcvBwb| wgjv` cov‡bvi R‡bÏ evwoi ìRv Ly‡j †`qwb wRqv| iv¯ÍviIci e‡mB Avgiv wgjv` cwo|

†Rbv‡ij wRqv miKv‡ii cÿ †_‡KB Avgv‡K _vKvi R‡b¨ evwo†èvi cÖ¯Íve cvVv‡bv nq| Avwg GKRb ˆ¯îvPv‡ii nvZ †_‡K wKQz wb‡ZA¯^xKvi Kwi| Avgv‡ì †`‡k cÖPwjZ wbqg Av‡Q, cÖqvZ ivóªcwZicwievi‡K GKwU evwo, GKwU †dvb, fvZv, Mvwo BZ¨vw` wKQz my‡hvM-myweav ivóª w`‡q _v‡K| (†hgb, †Rbv‡ij Gikv` miKv‡ii KvQ †_‡KwRqvi ¯¿x I cwievi MÖnY Ki‡Zb) Avgiv †Kv‡bvw`bB †Kv‡bvwKQz MÖnYKwiwb|

†Rbv‡ij wRqv wbnZ nevi ci A ’vqx ivóªcwZ mvËvi GB evwoiìRv Ly‡j †`b| †`‡k hLb Avevi gvk©vj jÕ Rvwi nq, GB evwowU we‡ivax`‡ji Rb¨ wbivc` AvkÖq wQj| hwÌ †`vZjv ev wmuwo Avgiv eënviKwiwb KL‡bv, †KejgvÎ emvi Ni Avi jvB‡eªwi NiUv eënvi K‡iwQ,wgwUs K‡iwQ| A‡bK Riæwi cwiw ’wZ‡Z eû wgwUs n‡q‡Q GLv‡b| 1983mv‡ji 21 Rvbyqvwi gvk©vj jÕi weiæ‡× Avwg GB evwoi PZ¡‡i uvwo‡qcÖKv‡k¨ we‡ivwaZv Kwi| avbgwÐ 32 b¤‡ii GB evwowU evsjv‡`‡kiivR‰bwZK NUbvi bxie mvÿx| †Rbv‡ij Gikv‡ì weiæ‡× Av‡›`vjbKg©m~wP cÖYqb, cwiKíbv MÖnYmn eû NUbv GB evwo‡Z N‡U‡Q|

Avevi 1990 mv‡ji 27 b‡f¤î Avgv‡K †MÖdZvi K‡i GB evwo‡ZAvbv nq| 6 wW‡m¤î Gikv‡ì cZb ch©šÍ GB evwo‡Z M„new›` wn‡m‡eAe¯’vb K‡i Avgiv ivR‰bwZK Kvh©µg Pvwj‡q hvB| 1991 mv‡jwbe©vP‡bi me KvR GB evwo‡Z e‡m Kwi|

G evwowU hLb 1981 mv‡ji 12 Ryb A¯’vqx ivóªcwZ mvËvimv‡n‡ei wb‡`©‡k Ly‡j †Ìqv n‡jv, ZLb evwowUi MvQcvjv †e‡o R½jn‡q Av‡Q| gvKomvi Rvj, Szj, ay‡jvevwj, †cvKv-gvK‡o fiv| Ni¸‡jvAÜKviv”Qbœ| ¸wji AvNv‡Z jvB‡eªwi N‡ii ìRv fvOv, eB‡qiAvjgvwi‡Z ¸wj-KvP fvOv, eB¸‡jv ey‡jUwe×, K‡qKUv eB‡qi †fZ‡iGL‡bv ey‡jU i‡q‡Q| GKUv eB‡qi bvg wQj ÔkÖ×vÄjx,Õ eBwUi Dc‡iKwe bRiæ‡ji Qwe| eBwUi wfZ‡i GKLvbv AvjMv Qwe GKRbgyw³‡hv×vi, ey‡j‡Ui AvNv‡Z eBwU ÿZ-weÿZ| gyw³‡hv×vi QwewUiey‡Ki Ici ¸wj| wVK 15 AvM÷, 1975 mv‡j G evwo‡Z †h AvµgYnq Zv nj 1971 mv‡ji civR‡qi cÖwZ‡kva MÖnY| G eBwUi w`‡KZvKv‡j †hb me cwi®‹vi n‡q hvqÕ|21

AvšÍR©vwZK L¨vwZm¤úbœ †jLK-mvsevw`K ievU© †cB‡bi †jLvqIi‡q‡Q e½eÜzi e¨w³MZ jvB‡eªwii cÖm½| Zvi †jLvq cvIqv hvqe½eÜzi MÖš’vMvi RR© evb©vW k, evUªvÛ iv‡m‡ji iPbvewj, eyK‡mj‡deuvavB gvI †mZzs‡i ¯^vÿwiZ Qwei D‡jøL|22

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`jxq Kvh©vj‡q cvVvMvi cÖwZôvi g~j D‡Ïk¨ wQj `jxq Kg©x‡ìcvV-gb‡¯‹i gva¨‡g ivRbxwZ-BwZnvm-mgvR-ms¯‹…wZ m¤ú‡K© wkwÿZ Im‡PZb K‡i †Zvjv|

eB‡qi eÜz e½eÜz Ges e½eÜzi eBcov msµvšÍ wewfbœ w`K wb‡qAv‡iv M‡elYvq bZzb w`MšÍ D‡b¥vwPZ n‡Z cv‡i| e½eÜz †hgb evOvwjRvwZ‡K GKwU ¯^vaxb mve©‡fŠg ivóª Dcnvi w`‡q‡Qb, †Zgwb wZwb wb‡RIÔAmgvß AvZ¥RxebxÕ bv‡gi eB wj‡L evOvwj Z_v wek^cvV‡Ki Kv‡Q †i‡L†M‡Qb GKRb cÖ_g †kÖwYi †jL‡Ki wb`k©b| eB c‡o †hgb e½eÜz wb‡Rmg„× n‡q‡Qb, Aci‡K eB co‡Z Drmvn w`‡q‡Qb †Zgwb wb‡RI eBwj‡L gbb I m„Rb iv‡R¨ †i‡L †M‡Qb eyw×e„wËK `xß Av‡jvi wkLv|

mnvqK Z_¨m~Î1. †eex gI`y`, †kL gywR‡ei †Q‡j‡ejv, XvKv, 2015, c„. 11, 13 I 27|2. †kL gywReyi ingvb, Amgvß AvZ¥Rxebx, XvKv, 2012, c„. 10|3. cÖv¸³, c„. 21|4. cÖv¸³, c„. 24|5. cÖv¸³, c„. 32|6. cÖv¸³, c„. 71-72|7. cÖv¸³, c„. 87|8. cÖv¸³, c„. 22|9. cÖv¸³, c„. 22-23|10. cÖv¸³, c„. 78|11. cÖv¸³, c„. 167|12. cÖv¸³, c„. 169|13. cÖv¸³, c„. 180|14. cÖv¸³, c„. 180|15. D×…Z, W. †gvnv¤§` nvb&bvb, gvwbK wgqv‡K †jLv e½eÜzi PviwU HwZnvwmK

wPwV, kvn AvjgMxi m¤úvw`Z ÔwbixÿvÕ, wcAvBwe, RyjvB-AvM÷, 2015,XvKv, c„. 41-42|

16. cÖv¸³, c„. 42|17. kIKZ Imgvb, Kv‡Q †_‡K `~‡i, `~i †_‡K Kv‡Q †kL gywRe, b~n Dj

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18. bxwjgv Beªvnxg, K…òvÜKvi, gybZvmxi gvgyb m¤úvw`Z Ôgvby‡li eÜze½eÜzÕ, XvKv, 2012, c„. 71|

19. Avexi Avnv‡ì mvÿvrKvi, weRqbMi, XvKv Zvs-28.01.2016|20. †gvkviid †nv‡mb, AvšÍR©vwZK MÖš’el© Dcj‡ÿ evYx 1972, gybZvmxi

gvgyb m¤úvw`Z Ôe½eÜz †KvlÕ, XvKv, 2012, c„. 41|21. †kL nvwmbv, ¯§„wZ eo gayi ¯§„wZ eo †e`bvi, gybZvmxi gvgyb m¤úvw`Z

Ôgvby‡li eÜz e½eÜzÕ, XvKv, 2012, c„. 97-98|22. D×…Z, knx`yj nK Lvb, e½eÜz mK‡ji, XvKv, 2016, c„. 50|23. cÖv¸³|

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14

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15

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e½eÜzi ¯^vaxb ivóª fvebv I

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1938 mv‡j dwi`cy‡ii †MvcvjM‡Ä Gw·wekb D‡Øvab Dcj‡ÿ¨†k‡ievsjv (ZrKvjxb evsjvi cÖavbgš¿x) Ges †mvnivIqv`©x (ZrKvjxbevsjvi kÖggš¿x) GKmv‡_ Av‡mb| Zuv‡ì AvMgb Dcj‡ÿ¨ †MvcvjM‡ÄweivU Av‡jvo‡bi m„wó nq| e½eÜz ZLb wgkb ¯‹z‡ji QvÎ Ges Abyôv‡bik„•Ljv iÿvi Rb¨ ¯‹z‡ji QvÎ‡ì wb‡q GKwU †¯^”Qv‡meK evwnbx Kivi`vwq‡Z¡ wQ‡jb| Gi †bZ…Z¡I †`b wZwb| Gw·wekb D‡Øvab †k‡l dRjyj nKcvewjK nj cwi`k©‡b hvb| Ab¨w`‡K knx` †mvnivIqv`©x G‡jb ZuviB ¯‹zjcwi`k©‡b| e½eÜz QvÎ‡ì cÿ †_‡K †mvnivIqv`©x mv‡ne‡K msea©bv†Ìqvi my‡hvM cvb| GB ¯‹zj cwi`k©b NUbv‡K †K›`ª K‡i e½eÜz Ges knx`†mvnivIqv`©xi g‡a¨ GKUv m¤úK© M‡o I‡VÑ hv cieZ©xKv‡j Zuvi ivR‰bwZKRxeb Ges mgMÖ Rxe‡b Mfxi cÖfve †d‡jwQj| Avevi ejv †h‡Z cv‡i,†mŠfvM¨cÖm~Z-NUv GB cwiP‡qi g‡a¨B †kL gywR‡ei cieZ©x RxebcwiPvjbvi wm×všÍ wbwnZ wQj| Zuvi QvÎ ivRbxwZ Ges g~j ivRbxwZiÔ¸iæÕI wQ‡jb knx` †mvnivIqv`©x| ¯‹zj cwi`k©b †k‡l knx` mv‡ne wd‡ihvIqvi c‡_ Zv‡ì m¤úK© M‡o IVvi cªm‡½ wZwb e‡j‡Qb:

ÔwZwb ¯‹zj cwi`k©b K‡i nuvU‡Z nuvU‡Z j‡Âi w`‡K Pj‡jb, AvwgImv‡_ mv‡_ Pjjvg| wZwb fvOv fvOv evsjvq Avgv‡K wKQz wRÁvmv KiwQ‡jb,Avi Avwg DËi w`w”Qjvg| Avgvi w`‡K †P‡q wRÁvmv Ki‡jb, Avgvi bvgGes evwo †Kv_vq| GKRb miKvwi Kg©Pvix Avgvi es‡ki K_v e‡j Avgv‡KcwiPq Kwi‡q w`‡jb| wZwb Avgv‡K †W‡K wb‡jb Lye Kv‡Q, Avì Ki‡jbGes ej‡jb, Ô†Zvgv‡ì GLv‡b gymwjg jxM Kiv nq bvB?Õ ejjvg, Ô†Kv‡bvcÖwZôvb bvB| gymwjg jxMI bvBÕ| wZwb Avi wKQzB ej‡jb bv, ïay †bvUeyK†ei K‡i Avgvi bvg I wVKvbv wj‡L wb‡jb| wKQzw`b c‡i Avwg GKUv wPwV†cjvg, Zv‡Z wZwb Avgv‡K abëv` w`‡q‡Qb Ges wj‡L‡Qb KjKvZv †M‡j†hb Zuvi m‡½ †`Lv Kwi| AvwgI Zuvi wPwVi DËi w`jvg| GBfv‡e gv‡Sgv‡S wPwVI w`ZvgÕ4

wØZxqevi wZwb 1939 mv‡j KjKvZvq wM‡q knx` †mvnivIqv`©xi m‡½mvÿvr K‡ib| †MvcvjM‡Ä gymwjg QvÎjxM Ges gymwjg jxM MVb Kiviwel‡q wZwb knx` mv‡n‡ei m‡½ K_v e‡jb| wZwb Zv‡K Ges QvÎ‡bZvAve`yj Iqv‡mK mv‡ne‡K †MvcvjM‡Ä Avm‡Z Aby‡iva K‡ib| G mgq†mvnivIqv`©x Zuv‡K ivRbxwZ‡Z DrmvwnZ K‡ib| ZLb †_‡KB e½eÜzivRbxwZ‡Z cª‡ek K‡ib| Zuvi fv‡l¨Ñ

Ôknx` mv‡ne‡K ejjvg, †MvcvjM‡Ä gymwjg QvÎjxM MVb Kie Gesgymwjg jxMI MVb Kie| L›`Kvi kvgmyÏxb mv‡ne GgGjG ZLb gymwjgjx‡M †hvM`vb K‡i‡Qb| wZwb mfvcwZ n‡jb QvÎjx‡Mi| Avwg njvgm¤úv`K| gymwjg jxM MVb nj| GKRb †gv³vi mv‡ne †m‡µUvwi n‡jb,Aek¨ AvwgB KvR KiZvg| gymwjg jxM wW‡dÝ KwgwU GKUv MVb Kiv nj|Avgv‡K Zvi †m‡µUvwi Kiv nj| Avwg Av‡¯Í Av‡¯Í ivRbxwZ‡Z cÖ‡ekKijvgÕ5

1942 mv‡j e½eÜz †MvcvjMÄ wgkb ¯‹zj †_‡K cÖ‡ewkKv cixÿvqDËxY© nb| Gici co‡Z P‡j hvb KjKvZvq| GB mv‡jB wZwb fwZ© nbKjKvZvi Bmjvwgqv K‡j‡R (eZ©gvb †gŠjvbv AvRv` K‡jR)B›UviwgwW‡q‡U, Kjv wefv‡M| GB mgq †_‡KB e½eÜzi KjKvZv emevmïiæ n‡jI Zuvi c~e©cyiæl‡ìI i‡q‡Q KjKvZv‡K wN‡i bvbv ¯§„wZ, wZwb¯§„wZPvi‡Y e‡j‡Qb:

“KjKvZvi GKUv m¤úwË I DëvWv½vi AvoZ †kL‡ì m¤úwË wQj|GB m¤úwËi †`Lv‡kvbv Ki‡Zb †kL AwQgywÏbÕ6

wZwb Zv‡ì c~e©cyiæl‡ì KjKvZvi m¤úwË †kl n‡q hvevi cÖm‡½e‡j‡Qb:

ÔAvgvi `v`vi PvPv Ges †iYyi `v`vi evev KjKvZv †_‡K wb‡R‡K†`Dwjqv †NvlYv K‡i P‡j Av‡mb evwo‡Z| KjKvZvi m¤úwË †kl n‡q hvq|Zvici hLb mK‡j †MÖdZvi n‡q †M‡Q, †KDB †`Lvi bvB Ñ eo eoeëmvqx, gvwS I e¨vcvixiv †bŠKv Wzwe‡q w`‡q DavI n‡Z ïiæ Kij| Gic~‡e© ZwgRywÏ‡bi Ly‡b h‡_ó UvKv LiP n‡q †M‡Q| Rwg`vwiI wbjvg n‡qcÖvq meB P‡j †h‡Z jvMj| eûw`b ch©šÍ gvgjv Pjj| wb‡Pi †Kv‡U©mK‡jiB †Rj n‡q †Mj| †kl ch©šÍ KjKvZv nvB‡Kv‡U© gvgjv ïiæ nj|Avgv‡ì GW‡fv‡KU nvB‡Kv‡U© ìLv¯Í Kij wmAvBwW Øviv gvgjv AveviBb‡Kvqvwi Kiv‡Z| KviY G gvgjv lohš¿g~jK| nvB‡KvU© gvgjv †`‡Lm‡›`n n‡j Avevi Bb‡Kvqvwi ïiæ nj| GKRb Awdmvi cvMj †m‡RAvgv‡ì MÖv‡g hvq Avi †LuvRLei †bq| GKw`b iv‡Z †mivRZzjøvn KvRxiwZb †Q‡ji g‡a¨ wK wb‡q SMov nq Ges K_vq K_vq GK fvB Ab¨ fvB‡Ke‡j, Ôe‡jwQjvg bv †kL‡ì wKQz n‡ebv, evev‡K Agbfv‡e gviv DwPrn‡ebv|Õ Ab¨ fvB e‡j ZzB †Zv MjvwU‡c a‡iwQwj ZvB †Zv evev gviv †Mj|Õ†evbUv ejj Ôevev GKUz cvwb †L‡Z †P‡qwQj, ZzB †Zv ZvI w`‡Z w`wjbvÕwmAvBwW GB K_v ïb‡Z †cj I‡ì evwoi wcQ‡b cvwj‡q †_‡K| ZviK‡qKw`b c‡iB wZb fvB I †evb †MÖdZvi nj Ges ¯^xKvi Ki‡Z eva¨ njZvivB Zv‡ì evev‡K nZ¨v K‡i‡Q|

†kLiv gyw³ †cj Avi I‡ì hve¾xeb †Rj nj| †kLiv gvgjv †_‡KeuvPj; wKš‘ me©kvšÍ n‡qB euvPj| eëmv bvB, Rwg`vwi †kl, mvgvb¨ ZvjyKI Lvm Rwg, †kL esk †eu‡P iBj ïay Lvm Rwgi Rb¨| G‡ì †ekwKQz LvmRwg wQj| Avi evwoi Avkcvk w`‡q wKQz Rwg wb®‹i wQjÕ7

Gici e½eÜz 1934 mv‡j mßg †kÖwY‡Z covi mgq fxlYfv‡e Amy¯’n‡q cov‡Z Zvi wPwKrmv nq KjKvZv‡ZBÑ

Ô1934 mv‡j hLb Avwg mßg †kÖYx‡Z cwo ZLb fxlYfv‡e Amy¯’ n‡qcwo| †QvU mg‡q Avwg Lye `yó cÖK…wZi wQjvg| †Ljvayjv KiZvg, MvbMvBZvg Ges Lye fvj eªZPvix Ki‡Z cviZvg| nVvr †ewi‡ewi †iv‡M AvµvšÍn‡q Avgvi nvU© `ye©j n‡q c‡o| AveŸv Avgv‡K wb‡q KjKvZv wPwKrmvKiv‡Z hvb| KjKvZvi eo eo Wv³vi wkec` fÆvPvh©, G †K ivq †PŠayixAviI A‡bK‡KB †`Lvb Ges wPwKrmv Kiv‡Z _v‡Kb| cÖvq `yB eQi AvgviGBfv‡e PjjÕ8

Gici 1936 mv‡j Zuvi †Pv‡L Møy‡Kvgv †ivM aiv c‡o ZLb Wv³vi‡ìcivg‡k© wPwKrmvi Rb¨ evev Avevi Zv‡K KjKvZv wb‡q hvbÑ

ÔKjKvZv †h‡q Wv³vi wU.Avn‡g` mv‡ne‡K †`Lvjvg| Avgvi †evbKjKvZvq _vKZ, KviY fwMœcwZ GwRwe‡Z PvKwi Ki‡Zb| wZwb Avgvi†g‡Rv‡evb †kL dRjyj nK gwYi gv| gwYi evev c~e© m¤ú‡K© Avgvi `v`vn‡Zb| wZwbI †kL es‡ki †jvK| †ev‡bi Kv‡QB _vKZvg| †Kvb AmyweavnZ bv| Wv³vi mv‡ne Avgvi Pÿz Acv‡ikb Kiv‡Z ej‡jb| †`wi Ki‡jAvwg AÜ n‡q †h‡Z cvwi| Avgv‡K KjKvZv †gwW‡Kj K‡jR nvmcvZv‡jfwZ© K‡i w`‡jb| †fvi bÕUvq Acv‡ikb n‡e| Avwg fq †c‡q cvjv‡Z †PóvKi‡Z jvMjvg; wKš‘ cvijvg bv| Avgv‡K Acv‡ikb N‡i wb‡q hvIqv nj|`k w`‡bi g‡a¨ `yBUv PÿzB Acv‡ikb Kiv nj| Avwg fvj njvg| Z‡ewKQzw`b †jLvcov eÜ ivL‡Z n‡e| ZvB 1936 mvj †_‡KB Pkgv cowQÕ9

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Zuvi KjKvZv ¯§„wZPvi‡Y Rvbv hvq Av‡iKwU NUbvÑÔ†hw`b Avwg g¨vwUªK cvm K‡i Bmjvwgqv K‡j‡R co‡Z hvB Avgvi

AveŸvI †mBw`b †cbkb wb‡q evwo P‡j hvbÕ101939 mv‡j e½eÜz ivRbxwZ‡Z cÖ‡ek Ki‡jI wZwb cÖK…Z ivRbxwZi

cvV I mwµqZv jvf K‡iwQ‡jb GB KjKvZv evmKv‡jB| AviI ¯úó K‡iej‡j ej‡Z nq, Bmjvwgqv K‡jR I †eKvi †nv‡÷‡ji QvÎ _vKvKv‡jB|Bmjvwgqv K‡j‡R fwZ© nIqvi ci e½eÜzi Avevm n‡q I‡V GB †eKvi†nv‡÷j| 1942 †_‡K Õ47 I gvSvgvwS ch©šÍ Zuvi c`PviYv wQj GB†nv‡÷‡j| Kg‡ewk cuvP eQi e½eÜy Bmjvwgqv K‡j‡Ri QvÎ wQ‡jb| Ô†eKviÕkãwU ï‡b KviI g‡b nIqv A¯vfvweK bqÑ GwU †evanq Kg©nxb‡ì†nv‡÷j; e ‘Z Zv bq| R‰bK Bs‡iR (BAKER)-i bv‡g Gi bvgKiY|

wZwb KjKvZvi cvU PzwK‡q XvKv G‡mwQ‡jb †`k wefv‡Mi AeëwnZci| e½eÜzi fvl¨g‡Z, Õ47-i †m‡Þ¤^‡i| XvKvq Avmvi K‡qK gv‡mig‡a¨B wZwb XvKv wek¦we`¨vj‡qi GKRb QvÎ wn‡m‡e cÖejfv‡e hy³ n‡qc‡owQ‡jb ivóªfvlv Av‡›`vj‡b| Z‡e wZwb Zvi ivRbxwZ Ges g~j ivRbxwZimeK I `xÿv jvf K‡iwQ‡jb KjKvZv‡Z, Bmjvwgqv K‡jR I †eKvi†nv‡÷‡ji QvÎ wn‡m‡e|

DwjøwLZ cÖwZôvb `ywU‡K wN‡i e½eÜzi i‡q‡Q eû ¯§„wZ| e½eÜzi fvl¨ÑÔGB mgq Bmjvwgqv K‡j‡R Avwg LyeB RbwcÖqZv AR©b K‡iwQ|

Awdwmqvj QvÎjx‡Mi weiæ‡× cÖv_©x ùvo Kwi‡q Zv‡ì civwRZ Kijvg|Bmjvwgqv K‡jRB wQj evsjv‡`‡ki QvÎ Av‡›`vj‡bi cÖvY‡K›`ª| c‡iieQiI 1943 mv‡j B‡jKk‡b Av‡bvqvi mv‡n‡ei Awdwmqvj QvÎjxMcivwRZ nj| Zvici Avi wZb ermi †KDB Avgvi g‡bvbxZ cªv_©xi weiæ‡×B‡jKkb K‡i bvB| webvcÖwZØw›ØZvq K‡jR QvÎ BDwbq‡bi B‡jKkb nZ|Avwg QvÎ‡bZv‡ì wb‡q Av‡jvPbv K‡i hv‡ì wVK K‡i w`Zvg ZvivBbwg‡bkb `vwLj KiZ, Avi †KD KiZ bv| KviY RvbZ, Avgvi g‡Ziweiæ‡× KviI wRZevi m¤¢vebv wQj bvÕ11 K‡j‡Ri cvkvcvwk †eKvi†nv‡÷‡j Zvi Ae¯’vbKvjxb ¯§„wZPvi‡Y e‡j‡Qb:

ÔQvÎ‡ì Avc‡`-wec‡` Avwg Zv‡ì cv‡k ùvovZvg| †Kvb Qv‡Îi wKAmyweav n‡”Q, †Kvb QvÎ †nv‡÷‡j RvqMv cvqbv, Kvi wd« wmU ìKvi,Avgv‡K ej‡jB wcÖwÝcvj W. Ry‡eix mv‡n‡ei Kv‡Q nvwRi nZvg| AvwgAb¨vq Ave`vi KiZvg bv| ZvB wkÿKiv Avgvi K_v ïb‡Zb| QvÎivIAvgv‡K fvjevmZ| †nv‡÷j mycvwib‡Ub‡W›U mvB`yi ingvb mv‡ne Rvb‡Zb,Avgvi A‡bK AwZw_ AvmZ| wewfbœ †Rjvi QvÎ‡bZviv Avm‡j †Kv_vq ivLe,GKRb bv GKRb QvÎ Avgvi wm‡U _vKZB| KviY wmU bv cvIqv ch©šÍAvgvi iægB Zv‡ì Rb¨ wd« iægÕ12

1943 mv‡j †`‡k fqven `ywf©ÿ nq| jÿ jÿ †jvK Abvnv‡i gvivhvq| GB mgq e½eÜy‡K cÖv‡`wkK gymwjg jxM KvDwÝ‡ji m`m¨ Kiv nq|Aveyj nvwkg mv‡ne gymwjg jx‡Mi m¤úv`K nb †nv‡mb knx` †mvnivIqv`©xig‡bvbxZ n‡q| Gi c~‡e© †mvnivIqv`©x mv‡neB gymwjg jx‡Mi mvaviYm¤úv`K wQ‡jb|

gymwjg jxM ZL‡bv Rwg`vi-†RvZ`vi, Lvb evnv`yi I beve‡ì cÖwZôvbwQj| wKš‘ e½eÜzmn evsjvi ga¨weË †kÖwYi †jv‡Kiv gymwjg jxM‡KRbM‡Yi cÖwZôvb Ki‡Z †P‡qwQ‡jb|1943 mv‡j `ywf©‡ÿi mgq LvRvbvwRgyÏxb nb cÖavbgš¿x, Avi knx` †mvnivIqv`©x nb wmwfj mvcøvB gš¿x|ZLb jÿ jÿ †jvK bv †L‡Z †c‡q gviv hvq| Lvevi bvB, Kvco bvBÑ GKAmnbxq Ae¯’v| †mmg‡q KjKvZvi ¯§„wZPvi‡Y e½eÜy e‡j‡Qb:

Ô`ywf©ÿ ïiæ n‡q‡Q| MÖvg †_‡K jvL jvL †jvK kn‡ii w`‡K Qz‡U‡Q ¯¿x-cy‡Îi nvZ a‡i| Lvevi bvB, Kvco bvB| Bs‡iR hy‡×i Rb¨ mg¯Í †bŠKvev‡Rqvß K‡i wb‡q‡Q| avb, Pvj ˆmb¨‡ì LvIqvevi Rb¨ ¸`vg Rã K‡i‡Q|hv wKQz wQj eëmvqxiv ¸`vgRvZ K‡i‡Q| d‡j GK fqven Ae¯’vi m„wón‡q‡Q| eëmvqxiv 10 UvKv g‡Yi PvDj Pwjøk-cÂvk UvKvq wewµ Ki‡Q|Ggb w`b bvB iv¯Ívq †jv‡Ki g‡i c‡o _vK‡Z †`Lv hvq bv| AvgivK‡qKRb QvÎ knx` mv‡n‡ei Kv‡Q †h‡q ejjvg, ÔwKQz‡ZB RbmvaviY‡KeuvPv‡Z cvi‡eb bv, wgwQwgwQ e`bvg †b‡ebÕ| wZwb ej‡jb, Ô†`wL †Póv K‡iwKQz Kiv hvq wK bv; wKQz †jvK †Zv euvPv‡Z †Póv Kie|Õ

ÔwZwb ivZvivwZ weivU wmwfj mvcøvB wWcvU©‡g›U M‡o Zzj‡jb|ÔK‡›UªvjÕ †`vKvb †Lvjvi e‡›`ve¯Í Ki‡jb| MÖv‡g MÖv‡g j½iLvbv Kivi ûKzgw`‡jb| w`wjø‡Z †h‡q †K›`ªxq miKvi‡K fqven Ae¯’vi K_v Rvbv‡jb Gesmvnvh¨ w`‡Z ej‡jb| Pvj, AvUv I Mg eRivq K‡i Avbv‡Z ïiæ Ki‡jb|Bs‡i‡Ri K_v nj, evsjvi gvbyl hw` g‡i †Zv giæK, hy‡×i mvnvh¨ Av‡M|hy‡×i miÄvg cÖ_g ¯’vb cv‡e| †Uª‡b A¯¿ hv‡e, Zvici hw` RvqMv _v‡K Z‡e

wiwj‡di Lvevi hv‡e| hy× K‡i Bs‡iR Avi bv †L‡q g‡i evOvwj; †h evOvwji†Kv‡bv wKQziB Afve wQj bv| B÷ BwÛqv †Kv¤úvwb hLb evsjv‡`k `LjK‡i gxi Rvd‡ii wek¦vmNvZKZvq, ZLb evsjvi GZ m¤ú` wQj †h, GKRbgywk©`vev‡ì eëmvqx †MvUv wejvZ kni wKb‡Z cviZ| †mB evsjv‡`‡ki GB`yie¯’v †Pv‡L †`‡LwQ †h, gv g‡i c‡o Av‡Q, †QvU ev”Pv †mB giv gvi `yaPvU‡Q| KzKzi I gvbyl GKmv‡_ Wv÷web †_‡K wKQz Lvevi Rb¨ KvovKvwoKi‡Q| †Q‡j‡g‡q‡ì iv¯Ívq †d‡j w`‡q gv †Kv_vq cvwj‡q †M‡Q| †c‡Ui`v‡q wb‡Ri †Q‡j‡g‡q‡K wewµ Ki‡Z †Póv Ki‡Q| †KD wKb‡ZI ivwR nqbvB| evwoi `yqv‡i G‡m wPrKvi Ki‡Q, Ôgv euvPvI, wKQz †L‡Z `vI, g‡i †Zv†Mjvg, Avi cvwi bv, GKUz †db `vI|Õ GB K_v ej‡Z ej‡Z H evwoi`yqv‡ii Kv‡QB c‡o g‡i †M‡Q| Avgiv wK Kie? †nv‡÷‡j hv euv‡P `ycy‡i Iiv‡Z eyfzÿz‡ì ewm‡q fvM K‡i †`B, wKš‘ wK n‡e G‡Z?Õ13

KjKvZvi ¯§„wZPvi‡Y wZwb knx` †mvnivIqv`©xi bwRiwenxb fvjevmviD‡jøL K‡i‡Qb| gv‡S gv‡S †h gZwe‡iva n‡Zv bv Zv bq wKš‘ Zvi †¯œn wQjwcZvi g‡Zv| e½eÜz Zvi †¯œn-Avì-fvjevmv †Kv‡bvw`b fzj‡Z cv‡ibwb|

GKevi Av‡bvqvi mv‡ne‡K GKUv c`-†`qv wb‡q Zv‡ì g‡a¨ wZ³K‡_vcK_‡bi †Ri a‡i e½eÜz êVK †Q‡o †ewi‡q Avm‡Z hvb wKš‘ knx`†mvnivIqv`©x Zv‡K û`v mv‡ne‡K w`‡q awi‡q G‡b GKv‡šÍ wb‡Ri N‡i wb‡qAvì K‡i e‡jwQ‡jb:

ÔZzwg †evKv, Avwg †Zv Avi KvD‡KB GK_v ewj bvB, †Zvgv‡K †ewkAvì I †¯œn Kwi e‡j †Zvgv‡KB e‡jwQ|Õ Avgvi gv_vq nvZ eywj‡q w`‡jb|wZwb †h mwZ¨B Avgv‡K fvjevm‡Zb I †¯œn Ki‡Zb, Zvi cÖgvY Avwg†c‡qwQ knx` †mvnivIqv`©x †kl wbtk¦vm Z¨vM Kivi w`b ch©šÍ| hLbB ZuviK_v GB KvivMv‡i e‡m fvwe, †mK_v AvRI g‡b c‡o| `xN© wek ermi c‡iIGKUzI Gw`K Iw`K nq bvB| †mBw`b †_‡K Avgvi Rxe‡b cÖ‡Z¨KUv w`bBZuvi †¯œn †c‡qwQ| GB `xN©w`b Avgv‡K Zuvi KvQ †_‡K †KD-B wQwb‡q wb‡Zcv‡i bvB Ges Zuvi †¯œn †_‡K †KD-B Avgv‡K ewÂZ Ki‡Z cv‡i bvBÕ14

wZwb Zvi ¯§„wZPvi‡Y KjKvZvi GgGjG ev RbM‡Yi cÖwZwbwa‡ì†jvf Ges gvbweK Aeÿ‡qi ev¯ÍewPÎ Zz‡j a‡i‡Qb ¯úó K_vq| myweavey‡S Zv‡ì `jZ¨vM Kiv, cªKv‡k¨ Ny‡li UvKv MÖnY I AgvbweKZvi wPÎcÖKvk Ki‡Z wM‡q e‡j‡Qb:

ÔGi c~‡e© Avgvi aviYv wQj bv †h, GgGjiv GBfv‡e UvKv wb‡Z cv‡i|GivB †`‡ki I RbM‡Yi cÖwZwbwa ! Avgvi g‡b Av‡Q , Avgv‡ì Dci fvicoj K‡qKRb GgGjG‡K cvnviv †èvi, hv‡Z Zviv `jZ¨vM K‡i Ab¨`‡j bv †h‡Z cv‡i| Avwg Zv‡ì bvg ej‡Z PvB bv, KviY A‡b‡KB g„ZzëiYK‡i‡Qb| GKRb GgGjG‡K gymwjg jxM Awd‡m AvUKv‡bv nj| wZwbevievi †Póv K‡ib evB‡i †h‡Z, wKš‘ Avgv‡ì Rb¨ cvi‡Qb bv| wKQz mgqc‡i ej‡jb, ÔAvgv‡K evB‡i †h‡Z w`b †Kv‡bv fq bvB| we‡ivax`j UvKvw`‡Z‡Q, hw` wKQz UvKv wb‡q Avm‡Z cvwi Avcbv‡ì ÿwZ wK? †fvU Avwggymwjg jx‡Mi c‡ÿB wèÕ| Avðh© n‡q †P‡q iBjvg Zuuvi w`‡K| e„× †jvK,my›ì †Pnviv, †jLvcov wKQz Rv‡bb, †Kgb K‡i GB K_v ej‡Z cvi‡jbAvgv‡ì Kv‡Q? UvKv †b‡eb GK`j †_‡K Ab¨ `‡ji mf¨ n‡q, Avevi UvKvG‡b †fvUI †`‡eb bv| KZUv AatcZb n‡Z cv‡i Avgv‡ì mgv‡Ri! GBf`ª‡jvK‡K GKevi iv¯Ív †_‡K Avgv‡ì a‡i Avb‡Z n‡qwQj| ïay my‡hvMLuyRwQ‡jb †Kgb K‡i Ab¨ `‡ji Kv‡Q hv‡ebÕ15 Av‡iKRb GgGjGÕieY©bv Av‡iv ü`qwe`viK| hvi gbyl¨Z¡nxbZvq e½eÜz A‡bK Kó †c‡qwQ‡jbAvi L¨v‡cI wM‡qwQ‡jb, Zvi eY©bvq wj‡L‡Qb:

ÔG mgq dRjyi ingvb mv‡ne Avgv‡K WvK‡jb, wZwb wPd ûBcwQ‡jb| Avgv‡K ej‡jb, ÔAvcbv‡K GB eviUvi mgq Avmvg-†e½j †Uª‡biscyi †h‡Z n‡e| gymwjg jx‡Mi GKRb GgGjG, whwb ÔLvb evnv`yiÕIwQ‡jb Zuv‡K wb‡q Avm‡Z n‡e| †UwjMÖvg K‡iwQ, †jvKI cvwV‡qwQ, ZeyAvm‡Qb bv, Avcwb bv †M‡j Ab¨ †KDB Avb‡Z cvi‡e bv| knx` mv‡neAvcbv‡K †h‡Z e‡j‡Qb| Avcbvi Rb¨ wUwKU Kiv Av‡QÕ| K‡qKLvbv wPwVw`‡jb| Avwg †eKvi †nv‡÷‡j G‡m GKUv nvZ e¨v‡M K‡qKUv Kvco wb‡q†mvRv †÷k‡b P‡j Avmjvg| LvIqvi mgq †cjvg bv| hy‡×i mgq †Kv_vILvevi cvIqvI KóKi| †Uª‡b †P‡c emjvg| ZLb †Uª‡bi †Kv‡bv mgqI wVKwQj bv, wgwjUvwi‡ì B”QvgZ PjZ| ivZ AvUUvq iscyi †cuŠQve GUv wQjwVK mgq; wKš‘ †cuŠQvjvg ivZ GKUvq| c‡_ wKQz †L‡ZI cvwi bvB, fxlYwfo| Gi c~‡e© iscy‡i Avwg †Kv‡bvw`b hvB bvB| ïbjvg †÷kb †_‡K kniwZb gvBj `~‡i| A‡bK Kó K‡i GKUv wiKkv †RvMvo Kiv †Mj|wiKkvIqvjv Lvb evnv`yi mv‡n‡ei evwo wP‡b, Avgv‡K wVKB †cuŠ‡Q w`j|Avwg A‡bK WvKvWvwK K‡i Zuv‡K Zzjjvg, wPwV w`jvg| wZwb Avgv‡K

23

wbix¶v

Rv‡bb| ej‡jb, ÔAvMvgxKvj Avwg hve| AvR †fvi cuvPUvq †h †Uªb Av‡Q†m †Uª‡b †h‡Z cvie bvÕ| Avwg ejjvg, ÔZvn‡j Avcwb wPwV w`‡q †`b, Avwg†fvi cuvPUvi †Uª‡bB wd‡i †h‡Z PvBÕ| wZwb ej‡jb, Ô†mB fvj nqÕ| Avgv‡KwRÁvmv Ki‡jb bv wKQz Lve wK bv, c‡_ †L‡qwQ wK bv| ej‡jb, ÔGLb †ZvivZ wZbUv ev‡R, weQvbvi wK ìKvi n‡e?Õ ejjvg, ÔìKvi bvB, †h mgqUvAv‡Q e‡mB KvwU‡q wè| Nygv‡j Avi DV‡Z cvie bv LyeB K¬všÍÕ| GKw`‡K†cU UbUb Ki‡Q, Ab¨w`‡K A‡Pbv iscy‡ii gkv| MZiv‡Z †eKvi †nv‡÷‡jfvZ †L‡qwQ| ejjvg, GK Møvm cvwb cvwV‡q w`‡j fvj nq| wZwb Zvi evwoicv‡kB †Kv_vI wiKkvIqvjviv _v‡K, Zvi GKRb‡K †W‡K ej‡jb, Avgv‡K†hb cuvPUvi †Uª‡b w`‡q Av‡m| Avwg P‡j Gjvg mKv‡ji †Uª‡b|

KjKvZvq †cuuŠQvjvg Av‡iK mÜ¨vq| iv¯Ívq Pv-we¯‹zU wKQz †L‡qwb‡qwQjvg| iv‡Z Avevi †nv‡÷‡j G‡m fvZ LvB| fxlY Kó †c‡qwQ,†ÿ‡cI wM‡qwQ| dRjyi ingvb mv‡ne‡K ejjvg, ÔAvi †Kv‡bvw`b GB mg¯Í†jvK‡ì Kv‡Q †h‡Z ej‡eb bvÕ16

Rvbv hvq, GB GgGjG GKw`b c‡i G‡mwQ‡jb | Z‡e cvnvivi †jvKivLv m‡Ë¡I wZwb †cQ‡bi ìRv w`‡q cvwj‡q wM‡qwQ‡jb| A‡bK Luuy‡RIcvIqv hvqwb| A_P c~‡e© gymwjg jxM cÖwZôvb Gme Lvb mv‡ne, Lvb evnv`yiI weªwUk †LZveavix‡ì nv‡Z wQj Avi G‡ì mv‡_ wQj Rwg`vi- †RvZ`vi†kÖwYi †jv‡Kiv| hv‡ì evwo ivZ wZbUvq †cuŠQv‡bvi ciI AwZw_‡mev `~‡i_vK, K‡ib bv Kzkj wewbgq; †kvevi e‡›`ve¯Í `~‡i _vK ivZ †R‡M _vK‡Ze‡jb, †fvi cuuvPUvq †Uªb aivi Rb¨| ïay ZvB bq, †fvi cuuvPUvq AwZw_imrKvi bv K‡i †Uªb aivi Rb¨ evmvi cv‡k _vKv wiKkvIqvjv‡K w`‡q†÷k‡b †cuŠQv‡bvi eë¯’v K‡ib| G‡ì Øviv RbM‡Yi, †`‡ki †Kv‡bvw`bg½j nqwb eis Pig ÿwZ n‡q‡Q A_P KvR bv K‡iI fv‡jv Ae¯’v‡b _vKvidw›` G‡ì †ek fv‡jv Rvbv wQj| e½eÜzi K_vqÑ

ÔAvgiv QvÎ wQjvg, †`k‡K fvjevmZvg, †`‡ki Rb¨ KvR KiZvg, GBmg¯Í bxPZv GB cÖ_g †`Ljvg, c‡i hwÌ A‡bK †`‡LwQ; wKš‘ GBcÖ_gevi| GB mg¯Í Lvb evnv`y‡ii Øviv cvwK¯Ívb Avm‡e, †`k ¯^vaxb n‡e,Bs‡iR‡K Zvov‡bv hv‡e, wek¦vm Ki‡Z †hb Kó nZ ! gymwjg jxM cªwZôvbc~‡e© wQj Lvb mv‡ne, Lvb evnv`yi I weªwUk †LZveavix‡ì nv‡Z, Avi G‡ìmv‡_ wQj Rwg`vi-†RvZ`vi †kÖwYi †jv‡Kiv| G‡ì Øviv †Kv‡bvw`b cvwK¯ÍvbcÖwZôv nZ bv| knx` mv‡ne, nvwmg mv‡ne hw` evsjvi hyeK I QvÎ‡ì g‡a¨gymwjg jxM‡K RbwcÖq bv Ki‡Z cvi‡Zb Ges eyw×Rxex †kÖwY‡K †U‡b Avb‡Zbv cvi‡Zb, Zvn‡j †Kv‡bvw`bI cvwK¯Ívb Av‡›`vjb evsjvi K…lK‡ì g‡a¨RbwcÖqZv jvf Ki‡Z cviZ bv| hwÌ GB mg¯Í †bZv‡ì Avgiv GKUz evav†èvi †Póv K‡iwQjvg; wKš‘ m¤ú~Y©iƒ‡c civwRZ Ki‡Z cvwi bvB| hvi d‡jcvwK¯Ívb nIqvi mv‡_ mv‡_B GB Lvb evnv`yi I weªwUk †LZveavixiv Zrcin‡q D‡V ÿgZv `Lj K‡i †djjÕ17

Ô1945-46 mv‡j fvi‡Zi ivRbxwZ‡Z RwUj cwiw¯’wZi D™¢e n‡qwQj|Ks‡MÖm-gymwjg jx‡Mi Ø›Ø, weªwUk‡ì bvbv Kjv‡KŠk‡ji d‡j †`‡k bvbvAivRKZv †`Lv †`q| we‡kl K‡i cvwK¯Ívb Av‡›`vjb‡K †K›`ª K‡i fvi‡ZiwKQz wKQz AÂ‡j wn›`y-gymjgv‡bi g‡a¨ `v½v ïiæ n‡q hvq| †mvnivIqv`©xZLb Awef³ evsjvi cÖavbgš¿x| wn›`y-gymjgv‡bi `v½v _vgv‡bvi wZwbAvcÖvY †Póv K‡iwQ‡jb| Rxe‡bi SuywK wb‡q wZwb `v½v Dc`ªæZ GjvKvq Qz‡U†M‡Qb| ...†kL gywRe GB `ytmg‡q †mvnivIqv`©x mv‡n‡ei cv‡k †_‡K Zv‡Kbvbvfv‡e mn‡hvwMZv K‡ibÕ18

†mmgq †kL gywRe Dc`ªæZ GjvKvi wn›`y-gymjgvb‡ì iÿvi Rb¨Rxe‡bi SuywK wb‡q Qz‡U P‡j‡Qb wewfbœ cÖv‡šÍ| ZLb Zvi Qq fvB‡ev‡bi g‡a¨cuvPRbB KjKvZv I kÖxivgcy‡i wQ‡jb| kZ e¨¯ÍZvi gv‡SI wZwb Zvi †QvUfvB‡K wb‡q †ek wPšÍvq wQ‡jb KviY wZwb wQ‡jb LyeB `yóy cÖK…wZi GesKv‡iv K_v bv-†kvbvi `‡jiÑ

ÔAvwg wb‡RI Lye wPšÍvhy³ wQjvg| KviY, Avgiv Qq fvB‡ev‡bi g‡a¨cuvPRbB ZLb KjKvZv I kÖxivgcy‡i| Avgvi †g‡Rv‡ev‡bi Rb¨ wPšÍv bvB,KviY †m †ewbqv cyKz‡i Av‡Q| †mLv‡b GK †evb †eov‡Z G‡m‡Q| GK †evbkÖxivgcy‡i wQj| GKgvÎ fvB †kL Avey bv‡mi g¨vwUªK c‡o| G‡Kev‡i†Q‡jgvbyl| GKevi †g‡RvR‡bi evwo, GKevi Avgvi †QvU †ev‡bi evwo Gesgv‡S gv‡S Avgvi Kv‡Q †ewo‡q †eovq| Kv‡iv K_v †ewk †kv‡b bv| LyeB `yówQj †QvU‡ejvq| wbðqB M‡oi gv‡V G‡mwQj| Avgvi Kv‡Q wd‡i Av‡mbvB| †eu‡P Av‡Q wK bv †K Rv‡b! kÖxivgcy‡ii Ae¯’v LyeB Lvivc| †h cvovqAvgvi †evb _v‡K, †m cvovq gvÎ `yBUv d¨vwgwj gymjgvb|

KjKvZv kn‡i ïay giv gvby‡li jvk wewÿßfv‡e c‡o Av‡Q| gnjøvici gnjøv Av¸‡b cy‡o wM‡q‡Q| GK fqven `„k¨! gvbyl gvbyl‡K GBfv‡e

nZ¨v Ki‡Z cv‡i wPšÍv Ki‡ZI fq nq! GK GK K‡i Lei wb‡Z †PóvKijvg| †QvU fwMœcwZ n¨vwimb †iv‡W UvIqvi j‡R _v‡K| †mLv‡b dvqviweª‡M‡Wi Mvwo‡Z †h‡q Lei wbjvg, †m P‡j †M‡Q KvigvB‡Kj †nv‡÷‡j|bv‡mi †g‡Rv‡ev‡bi Kv‡QI bvB, Avgvi Kv‡QI bvB| Avgvi me‡P‡q †QvUfwMœcwZ ˆmq` †nv‡mb‡K wRÁvmv Ki‡Z †m ejj, Ôbv‡mi fvB 16B AvM÷Avgvi GLv‡b G‡mwQj, _vK‡Z ejjvg _vKj bv, AvwgI †Rvi Kijvg bv|KviY Avgvi RvqMvUvI fvj bv| Avgv‡ìI cvjv‡Z n‡eÕ19

KjKvZv‡Z wn›`y-gymjgvb `v½v‡Z, KL‡bv gymjgvbiv wn›`y‡ì Kv‡Qgvi †L‡q‡Q Avevi wn›`yivI gymjgvb‡ì Kv‡Q gvi †L‡q‡Q| Avevi A‡bKwn›`y †hgb gymjgvb‡ì iÿv K‡i‡Z wM‡q Rxeb w`‡q‡Q, A‡bK gymjgvbIwn›`y cowk‡K iÿv Ki‡Z wM‡qI Rxeb w`‡q‡Q| ZviB LÐwPÎ cÖKvwkZn‡q‡Q e½eÜzi e³‡e¨Ñ

Ô†jWx eª¨v‡evb© K‡j‡R wiwdDwR‡ì _vKvi e‡›`ve¯Í Kiv n‡q‡Q|†`vZjvq †g‡qiv, Avi bx‡P cyiæliv| Kg©x‡ì fvM K‡i †Ìqv n‡q‡Q|Avgv‡KI gv‡S gv‡S _vK‡Z nq| gymjgvb‡ì D×vi Kivi KvRI Ki‡Zn‡”Q | `yÕGK RvqMvq D×vi Ki‡Z †h‡q AvµvšÍI n‡qwQjvg| Avgivwn›`y‡ìI D×vi K‡i wn›`y gnjøvq cvVv‡Z mvnvh¨ K‡iwQ| g‡b n‡q‡Q, gvbylZvi gvbeZv nvwi‡q cï‡Z cwiYZ n‡q‡Q| cÖ_g w`b 16B AvM÷ gymjgvbivfxlYfv‡e gvi †L‡q‡Q| c‡ii `yB w`b gymjgvbiv wn›`y‡ì fxlYfv‡e†g‡i‡Q| c‡i nvmcvZv‡ji wnmv‡e †mUv †`Lv wM‡q‡Q| ...bv‡m‡ii GKUv cv†QvUKv‡j UvBd‡qW n‡q †Luvov n‡q wM‡qwQj| cv †U‡b †U‡b nuvU‡Z nq| †mcv †`wL‡q G¨v¤^y‡j‡Ý D‡V c‡o| w`bfi G¨v¤^y‡j‡Ý _v‡K, mÜ¨vq nvIov†_‡K †Uª‡b D‡V kÖxivgcyi hvq| †Uª‡b wZb NÈv jv‡M| K‡qKevi †Uª‡bAvµgY n‡q‡Q| †Kv‡bvg‡Z †eu‡P wM‡q‡Q| GKUv K_v mZ¨, A‡bK wn›`ygymjgvb‡ì iÿv Ki‡Z †h‡q wec‡` c‡o‡Q| RxebI nvwi‡q‡Q| AveviA‡bK gymjgvb wn›`y cvovcowk‡K iÿv Ki‡Z †h‡q Rxeb w`‡q‡Q| Avwgwb‡RB Gi cÖgvY †c‡qwQ| gymjgvb jxM Awd‡m †hme †Uwj‡dvb AvmZ,Zvi g‡a¨ eû †Uwj‡dvb wn›`yivB K‡i‡Q| Zv‡ì evwo‡Z gymjgvb AvkÖqw`‡q‡Q, kxNªB G‡ì wb‡q †h‡Z e‡j‡Q, bZzev GivI gi‡e, AvwkÖZgymjgvbivI gi‡eÕ20

KjKvZv kni‡K fvM Kiv wb‡qI i‡q‡Q e½eÜzi bvbv ¯§„wZ|KjKvZv‡K Qvo‡Z Pvbwb KjKvZvi gymjgvbiv| knx` mv‡n‡ei cÿ †_‡Kevsjv miKv‡ii A_©gš¿x †gvn¤§` Avjx †Zv †NvlYvI K‡iwQ‡jb KjKvZv c~e©cvwK¯Ív‡bi ivRavbx _vK‡e| KjKvZv I cwðge‡½i Kg©x‡ì †Q‡o P‡jAvm‡ZI e½eÜzi †hgb Kó n‡qwQj †Zgwb †mLvbKvi Kg©x‡ìI n‡qwQj|evsjv‡`‡ki KjKvZv fv‡Mi wm×všÍ †h Av‡MB n‡q wM‡qwQj ZvI wZwbRvb‡Zb bvÑ

Ô1947 mv‡ji Ryb gv‡m †NvlYv Kiv nj fviZel© fvM n‡e| Ks‡MÖmfviZel©‡K fvM Ki‡Z ivwR n‡q‡Q GB Rb¨ †h, evsjv‡`k I cvÄve fvMn‡e| Avmv‡gi wm‡jU †Rjv Qvov Avi wKQzB cvwK¯Ív‡b Avm‡ebv|evsjv‡`‡ki KjKvZv I Zvi Av‡kcv‡ki †Rjv¸wjI fviZe‡l© _vK‡e|gIjvbv AvKig Luv mv‡ne I gymwjg jxM †bZviv evsjv‡`k fvM Kiviweiæ‡× Zxeª cÖwZev` Ki‡jb| ea©gvb wWwfkb Avgiv bv-I †c‡Z cvwi|KjKvZv †Kb cve bv? Ks‡MÖm I wn›`y gnmfv evsjv‡`k fvM Ki‡Z n‡e e‡jRbgZ m„wó Ki‡Z ïiæ Kij| AvgivI evsjv‡`k fvM n‡Z †èbv, Gi Rb¨mfv Ki‡Z ïiæ Kijvg| Avgiv Kg©xiv wK RvbZvg †h, †K›`ªxq Ks‡MÖm I†K›`ªxq gymwjg jxM †g‡b wb‡q‡Q GB fv‡Mi dg©yjv? evsjv‡`k †h fvM n‡e,evsjv‡`‡ki †bZviv Zv Rvb‡Zb bv| mg¯Í evsjv I Avmvg cvwK¯Ív‡b Avm‡eGUvB wQj Zv‡ì aviYv| AvR †`Lv hv‡”Q, gvÎ Avmv‡gi GK †RjvÑ ZvIhw` MY‡fv‡U Rqjvf Ki‡Z cvwi| Avi evsjv‡`‡k gymwjg msL¨v¸iæ†Rjv¸wj †K‡U wn›`y¯’v‡b †Ìqv n‡e| Avgiv nZvk n‡q cojvg| KjKvZviKg©xiv I cwðge‡½i Kg©xiv G‡m Avgv‡ì ejZ, †Zvgiv Avgv‡ì †Q‡o P‡jhv‡e, Avgv‡ì Kcv‡j wK n‡e †Lv`vB Rv‡b! mZ¨B `ytL n‡Z jvMj I‡ìRb¨| †Mvc‡b †Mvc‡b KjKvZvi gymjgvbiv cÖ¯‘Z wQj, hv nq n‡e, KjKvZvQvov n‡e bv| knx` mv‡n‡ei cÿ †_‡K evsjv miKv‡ii A_©gš¿x †gvn¤§Àvjx †NvlYv K‡iwQ‡jb, KjKvZv Avgv‡ì ivRavbx _vK‡e| w`wjø e‡mA‡bK c~‡e©B †h KjKvZv‡K †Q‡o †Ìqv n‡q‡Q GK_v †Z Avgiv RvbZvgIbv, Avi eySZvgI bvÕ21

KjKvZvi ¯§„wZPviYRy‡o e½eÜzi knx` †mvnivIqv`©xi m‡½ bvbvKg©KvÐ Ges K‡_vcK_b, Bmjvwgqv K‡jR, †eKvi †nv‡÷j, ivR‰bwZKKg©xe„›`, mncvVxMY, fvB‡evb, †evb‡ì ¯^vgx, ¯¿x †iYyÑ mevi cÖm½ G‡m‡Q|wewfbœ Kg©Kv‡Ði cÖ‡qvR‡b weiƒc cwiw¯’wZ‡Z KvR Ki‡Z wM‡q Rxe‡bi SuywK

24

wbix¶v

wb‡q‡Qb Avevi KL‡bv Amy¯’I n‡q c‡o‡Qb| Z‡e GLvbKvi wewfbœ Kg©‡ÿÎ†_‡K cÖvß AwfÁZv Zuvi cieZ©x Rxe‡b we‡kl mnvqK n‡qwQj| Avi ZuviweG cvm Kiv wb‡q i‡q‡Q g‡b ivLvi g‡Zv ¯§„wZÑ

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m¤ú~Y© AwjwLZ GKwU fvl‡Yi ga¨ w`‡q †MvUv RvwZ‡K ¯^vaxbZviAvKv•ÿvq DÏxß Kiv wQj GB fvl‡Yi me‡P‡q ¸iæZ¡c~Y© w`K| †evanqGB Kvi‡YB we‡k¦i e‡iY¨ ivR‰bwZK †bZ…e„‡›ì g‡aÏ wZwb Abb¨,AmvaviY| 1973 mv‡j e½eÜz Avj‡Rwiqvi ivRavbx AvjwRqv‡m© †RvUwbi‡c¶ kxl© m‡¤§j‡b fvlY w`‡qwQ‡jb| Zuvi †mB fvlYI wek¦†bZ…e„›`‡K gy» K‡iwQj| wZwb e‡jwQ‡jb, Ôwek¦ †kvlK Avi †kvwlZ GB`yB †kªwY‡Z wef³, Avwg †kvwl‡Zi c‡¶Õ| Zuvi K_vi my‡i myi wgwj‡qwKDevi †cÖwm‡W›U wecøex †bZv wd‡`j K¨v‡÷ªv e‡jwQ‡jb, Ô†kvwl‡Zi

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wek¦gvbeZv I kvwšÍi c‡¶ `„p Ae¯’v‡bi Rb¨ e½eÜz †`‡k-we‡`‡kbw›`Z n‡q‡Qb memgq| hy‡Mvkøvwfqvi †cÖwm‡W›U gvk©vj wU‡Uv Zuv‡KkvwšÍ, HK¨ I cÖMwZi gnvbvqK e‡j D‡jøL K‡i‡Qb| 1972-Gi 17gvP©, fvi‡Zi ZrKvjxb cÖavbgš¿x kªxgZx Bw›ìv MvÜx XvKvq GKRbmfvq e‡jwQ‡jb, †kL gywReyi ingvb we‡k¦i wbcxwoZ gvby‡li eÜz|RvwZms‡N cÖ_g evsjvq fvlY w`‡qI e½eÜz †kL gywReyi ingvb GKHwZnvwmK `„óvšÍ ¯’vcb K‡iwQ‡jb| †Kbbv wek¦Kwe iex›`ªbv_ VvKz‡iici wZwbB cÖ_g wek¦cwigÐ‡j evsjvfvlvi gh©v`v mgybœZ K‡i‡Qb|wbcxwoZ I wbh©vwZZ gvby‡li c‡ÿ K_v ejvi cvkvcvwk wek¦e¨vcx kvwšÍcÖwZôv‡ZI Zuvi f~wgKv wQj AmvaviY| Avi †mRb¨ 1973 mv‡j wek¦kvwšÍ cwil‡ì gnvmwPe i‡gkP›`ª Zuv‡K ÔRywjI KzwiÕ kvwšÍ c`‡K f~wlZK‡i e‡jb, †kL gywRe ïay e½eÜz bb, AvR †_‡K wZwb wek¦eÜz|

hy³iv‡óªi †lvok †cÖwm‡W›U Aveªvnvg wjsKb, fvi‡Zi RvwZiRbKgnvZ¥v MvÜx, kªxjsKvi ¯^vaxbZvi g~jbvqK e›ìbv‡q‡K, wKDev wecø‡eiiƒcKvi †P ¸‡qfviv, K…òv½ gvby‡li gyw³i cÖZxK gvwU©b jy_vi wKsmnwek¦e‡iY¨ A‡bK †bZv‡K AvZZvqxi nv‡Z A_ev wbgg©gfv‡e cÖvY w`‡Zn‡q‡Q| wVK †mfv‡eB cÖvY w`‡q‡Qb e½eÜz †kL gywReyi ingvb| Z‡eZuvi GB g„Zzï NUbv AviI wbg©g| ¯^vaxbZvi civwRZ kÎæ‡ì N„Y¨loh‡š¿ 1975-Gi 15B AvM÷ Zuv‡K mcwiev‡i nZ¨v Kiv nq|B‡›`v‡bwkqvi ¯^vaxbZvi iƒcKvi I RvwZiRbK Avn‡g` myKY© Rxe‡biAwšÍgKvj wbR©b KvivMv‡i AwZevwnZ K‡i‡Qb| A_P ¯^vaxbZvi GBgnvbvq‡Kiv cÖ‡Z¨‡KB wb‡Ri †`k I RvwZi Rb¨ DrmM© K‡i‡Qb|

1775 mv‡ji 23 gvP©, hy³iv‡óªi fvwR©wbqv †_‡K †cwUªK †nbwiweªwUk Avwac‡Zï weiæ‡× ¯^vaxbZvi WvK w`‡q e‡jwQ‡jb, Avgv‡K¯^vaxbZv `vI, bq `vI g„Zz¨| 1863 mv‡ji 19 b‡f¤î, hy³iv‡óª†cb‡mj‡fwbqvi †MwUmev‡M© i³¶qx M„nhy‡×i ci Aveªvnvg wjsKbïwb‡qwQ‡jb MYZ‡š¿i g~j K_v: RbM‡Yi miKvi, RbM‡Yi Øviv miKviGes RbM‡Yi Rb¨ miKvi| 1940 mv‡ji 13 †g, hy³iv‡Rï DBb÷bPvwP©j Ø¨_©nxb K‡É †`‡ki RbM‡Yi D‡Ï‡k¨ e‡jwQ‡jb, †Ìqvi g‡ZvwKQzB †bB Avgvi| Av‡Q ïay i³, Kó, AkÖæ Avi Nvg| 1942 mv‡ji 8AvM÷, fvi‡Z †gvnb`vm KigPuv` MvÜx RvwZ‡K ¯^vaxbZvi Rb¨ AwnsmAv‡›`vj‡b DØy× K‡i weªwU‡ki weiæ‡× D”PviY K‡i‡Qb Pig ûuwkqvwi,fviZ Qv‡ov| 1953 mv‡ji 21 †m‡Þ¤î, `w¶Y Avwd«Kvq eY©ev`we‡ivax†bZv †bjmb g¨v‡Ûjv K…òv½ Rb‡Mvôx‡K †k¦Zv½ kvmK‡ì weiæ‡×msMÖv‡gi AvnŸvb K‡i e‡j‡Qb, ¯^vaxbZv AR©‡bi †Kv‡bv mnR c_ †bB|1963 mv‡ji 28 AvM÷, eY©ev‡ì welev‡®ú DËvj hy³iv‡óªI K…òv½†bZv gvwU©b jy_vi wKs e‡jwQ‡jb, Avwg ¯^cœ †`wL GKw`b RvwZ †R‡MDV‡e, KviY Rb¥m~‡Î mevB mgvb|

wek¦‡bZ…e„‡›ì G me HwZnvwmK fvl‡Yi cvkvcvwk 1971-Gi 7BgvP©, e½eÜz †kL gywReyi ingv‡bi fvlYwU we‡kl Zvrch©c~Y©| fvlYwUG‡Zvw`b evsjv‡`‡ki gyw³hy× I ¯^vaxbZv msMÖv‡gi Abb¨ `wjj wn‡m‡ewe‡ewPZ n‡q‡Q| wKš‘ GLb we‡k¦i GK Ag~j¨ m¤ú` wn‡m‡e ¯^xK…wZ†c‡q‡Q GB fvlY| RvwZms‡Ni wkÿv, weÁvb I ms¯‹…wZ ms¯’v BD‡b‡¯‹v1971 mv‡ji 7B gvP© e½eÜzi fvlY‡K Ôwek¦ HwZn¨ `wjjÕ wn‡m‡em¤úªwZ ¯^xK…wZ w`‡q‡Q| BD‡b‡¯‹vi AvšÍR©vwZK civgk©K KwgwU Ô†g‡gvwiAe `¨ Iqvì©Õ Kg©m~wPi AvIZvq GB ¯^xK…wZ †Ìqv nq| BD‡b‡¯‹v 1992mv‡j GB Kg©m~wP Pvjy K‡i| we‡k¦i wewfbœ †`‡ki `vwjwjK HwZn¨msiÿ‡Yi ZvwM‡` GB Kg©m~wP MÖnY Kiv n‡q‡Q| B‡Zvc~‡e© weªwUkHwZnvwmK R¨vKe Gd wdì we‡k¦i †miv e³…Zv¸‡jvi GKwU msKjb MÖš’†ei K‡ibt ÔDB k¨vj dvBU Ab `¨ we‡Pmt `¨ w¯ú‡Pm `¨vU BÝcvqviwnw÷ªÕ| GB MÖ‡š’I ¯’vb cvq e½eÜzi 7B gv‡P©i fvlY|

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29

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wek¦gvbeZv I gyw³i `vwe‡Z Abe`¨ GB fvlY| RvwZi ¯^vaxbZvAv`v‡qi msMÖv‡g e½eÜz †Kej wb‡R‡K DrmM© K‡ibwb, Av‡›`vj‡bicÖwZwU ¯Í‡i †bZ…Z¡ w`‡q‡Qb| we‡k¦i ¯^vaxbZv Av‡›`vj‡bi BwZnv‡m hvmwZ¨B weij| ZvB msMx‡Zi myi g~Q©bv Avi wkíxi iO-Zzwj meLv‡bBwZwb AmvaviY| mvwnZ¨-ms¯‹…wZi g‡ÂI e½eÜzi D¾¡j Dcw¯’wZ| ZuviAvMÖ‡n wek¦Kwe iex›`ªbv_ VvKz‡ii ÔAvgvi †mvbvi evsjvÕ MvbwU †`‡kiRvZxqmsMxZ Ges RvZxq Kwe KvRx bRiæj Bmjv‡gi ÔPj& Pj& Pj&ÕMvbwU iYmsMxZ wn‡m‡e M„nxZ n‡q‡Q| evOvwj Kwe‡ì †Pv‡L e½eÜzmemgqB AmvaviY| Kwe RmxgD`&`x‡bi KweZvq:

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evOvwji ¯^vaxbZvi exRgš¿| KviY GB fvlY †mw`b †MvUv RvwZ‡K `j-gZ wbwe©‡kil HKë× K‡iwQj| gyw³hy‡×i we‡ivwaZvKvix mvgvb¨ wKQzgvbyl Qvov mviv‡`‡ki gvbyl n‡q D‡VwQj jovKz ˆmwbK| Zv‡ì nv‡ZAvaywbK Av‡Mœqv¯¿ wQj bv wKš‘ ey‡K wQj Amxg mvnm| ¯^vaxbZvi Rb¨ GRvwZ `xN©w`b a‡i jovB K‡i‡Q| cÖwZwbqZ cÖZxÿv K‡i‡Q ¯^vaxbZvi|wKš‘ 1971 mv‡ji 7B gvP© e½eÜz Zuvi fvl‡Y hLb ej‡jb, ÔGev‡iimsMÖvg Avgv‡ì gyw³i msMÖvg, Gev‡ii msMÖvg ¯^vaxbZvi msMÖvgÕÑ wVKZLb †_‡KB wb‡R‡K ¯^vaxb fve‡Z ïiæ K‡i‡Q †`‡ki cÖwZwU gvbyl|Kwe wbg©‡j›`y ¸Y ZvB h_v_©B e‡jwQ‡jb, Ô†mB †_‡K ¯^vaxbZv kãwUAvgv‡ìÕ|

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30

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32

wbix¶v

Kvgvj †jvnvbx

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wbixÿv: gywRebMi miKvi MV‡bi welqwU hw` ej‡Zb?Kvgvj †jvnvbx: 25 gvP© MYnZ¨v ïiæ n‡jv| Acv‡ikb mvP©jvBUcvwK¯Ívb Avwg© ïiæ Kij| ˆ`wbK cvwK¯Ív‡bi mvg‡b U¨v¼ G‡m iBj|Avgv‡ì w`‡K i‡KU Qzoj| Avgv‡ì wbDR †Uwej, †Ìqvj GesRvjvbv †f‡O †Mj| G¸‡jv Avgiv jÿ KiwQ| 25 gv‡P©i ci hLb 10GwcÖj cÖevmx miKvi MVb n‡jv, ZvRDÏxb Avng` cÖavbgš¿x, ivóªcwZe½eÜz †kL gywReyi ingvb| †h‡nZz wZwb cvwK¯Ív‡bi KvivMv‡i, ZvBA¯’vqx ivóªcwZ/DcivóªcwZ n‡jb ˆmq` bRiæj Bmjvg Ges gwš¿mfvqK¨v‡Þb gbmyi Avjx, Kvgiæ¾vgvb _vK‡jb| †mbvcÖavb _vK‡jb K‡b©jGg G wR Imgvbx| GUv nIqvi ci e½eÜz gyw³hy×‡K KZLvwb cÖfvweZK‡iwQ‡jb, Zvi cÖgvY GB RvqMvq| Avwg ZL‡bv ˆ`wbK c~e©‡`‡k KvRKiwQ| 17 GwcÖj gywRebM‡i cÖevmx miKv‡ii kc_ MÖnY Abyôvb n‡jv|†mLv‡b cÖ‡dmi BDmyd Avjx ¯^vaxbZvi †NvlYv cvV Ki‡jb| AbyôvbcwiPvjbv Ki‡jb Uv½vB‡ji wbe©vwPZ Ave`yj gvbœvb| e³…Zv Ki‡jbˆmq` bRiæj Bmjvg I ZvRDÏxb Avng`| †mLv‡b MvW© Ae Abviw`‡jb Gmwc gvneye| †mUv cÖPvi n‡jv AvKvkevYx‡Z| AvKvkevYxmsev` mgxÿvq D‡cb Zid`vi G msev` mgxÿv cwiPvjbv K‡ib| wZwbIBw`b GUv aviY K‡i wb‡q G‡mwQ‡jb| †mUv cÖPvi Ki‡jb| cÖPvi

33

wbix¶v

Kivi Av‡M AvKvkevYx‡Z evievi †NvlYv †Ìqv n‡”QÑ Avcbviv AíwKQzÿ‡Yi g‡a¨B GKwU ¸iæZ¡c~Y© †NvlYv ïb‡Z cvi‡eb| evievi GUvD”PviY Kiv nw”Qj| ZLbI Avgiv eyS‡Z cvwiwb Kx n‡e, KviY†iwWI‡Z KL‡bv G ai‡bi †NvlYv Av‡m bv mvaviYZ| Zvici nVvrK‡i GKmgq msev` mgxÿv cÖPvi n‡”Q Ges Zv‡Z cÖ_‡gB MvbÑ ÔGKwUgywRe‡ii KÉ †_‡K jÿ gywRe‡ii KÉaŸwb| AvKv‡k-evZv‡m...|Õ GMvbwU wj‡L‡Qb †MŠwi cÖkbœ gRyg`vi| myi w`‡q‡Qb Asïgvb ivq Ges†M‡q‡Qb Asïgvb ivq| GUv KjKvZv AvKvkevYx †_‡K cÖPvi n‡jv|ZLb ¯^vaxb evsjv †eZvi wewÿßfv‡e Av‡Q|

wbixÿv: 1971 mv‡ji `y-GKwU NUbv hw` ej‡Zb?Kvgvj †jvnvbx: GUv hLb cÖPvi n‡jv, ZLb Avgiv mevB †Uwe‡jARv‡šÍB ÔRq evsjvÕ †¯øvMvb w`‡q DVjvg| ZLb wKš‘ Rq evsjv †¯øvMvb†Ìqvi g‡Zv Ae¯’v †bB †`‡k| wKš‘ ¯^Ztù‚Z©fv‡e gvbyl Rq evsjv†¯øvMvb w`‡q DVj| Avgiv G Abyôvb ïbjvg| Avi Avjeì †bZv†PŠayix gCb DwÏb †h Avgv‡ì GKRb wi‡cvU©vi wQj ˆ`wbK c~e©‡`‡ki,†m ILv‡b Dcw¯’Z wQj| G `„k¨ †`‡L Zvi †Pnvivq †Kv‡bv cÖwZwµqv†bB| ZLb Avgiv fvwewb †K wK Ki‡Q bv Ki‡Q| 14 GwcÖ‡j Avgivbeel© D`hvcb K‡iwQjvg| ¸‡oi cv‡qm ivbœv K‡i mevB‡K AvgivLvB‡qwQjvg| IB wewìs‡q wZbwU KvMR wQj| †WBwj †ivRbvgv IqvZvbbv‡g D`y© cwÎKv, cvwK¯Ívb AeRvifvi, Avi ˆ`wbK c~e©‡`k| mvßvwnKwPÎvjx wQj| Avi D`y© mvßvwnK wPÎvjx wQj| †cÖ‡mi †jvKmn GLvbKvimevB‡K Avgiv ¸‡oi cv‡qm LvB‡q c‡njv êkvL D`hvcb K‡iwQjvg|G wRwbm¸‡jv ZLb Avgv‡ì †fZi KvR KiZ| wKš‘ †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv†ÿ‡Î Avgiv G¸‡jv cÖKvk Ki‡Z cviZvg bv| me RvqMvq †Zv AvgivmiKvwi wbqš¿Y gvb‡Z ivwR wQjvg bv| bv n‡j AvKvkevYxi LeiUvïb‡Z †cZvg bv| Avgiv AvKvkevYx I wewewm ïbZvg| ILv‡b Kx wbDR†hZ bv †hZ, †m¸‡jv Avgiv ïbZvg| Zvici Avwg 7 †g ILvb †_‡KP‡j †Mjvg| c‡i 25 †g Avwg ¯^vaxb evsjv †eZv‡i R‡qb Kijvg|Avgv‡K wbD‡Ri `vwqZ¡ †Ìqv n‡jv| cuvPRb‡K cÖevmx miKv‡ii cÿ†_‡K wb‡qvMcÎ †Ìqv n‡qwQj|

wbixÿv: †mmgq e½eÜzi msev`¸‡jv MYgva‡g Kxfv‡e cÖKvk Ki‡Zv?Kvgvj †jvnvbx: eq‡mi Kvi‡Y Avgvi meUv wVK †Lqvj †bB G gyn~‡Z©|Avwg ZLb c~e©‡`‡k KvR Kwi| iv‡Zi wmd‡U| e½eÜzi e³…Zv cÖKvkK‡iwQjvg| wKš‘ GUv †ewk e‡ov Kiv hvqwb| KviY Bbdi‡gkbwWcvU©‡g›U †_‡K m¤¢eZ †Uwj‡dv‡b wb‡`©k wQj GUv Qvcv hv‡e bv| GiKg GKUv e¨vcvi wQj| Avgvi wVK g‡b †bB| wKš‘ Avgiv †P‡qwQ GUvcÖKvk Kiv †nvK| mË‡ii N~wY©So n‡jv, ZLb gIjvbv fvmvbx I †kLgywReyi ingvb `wÿY AÂ‡ji `yM©Z GjvKvq wM‡qwQ‡jb ÎvY weZi‡YiRb¨| gIjvbv fvmvbx wd‡i G‡m cëb gq`v‡b GKwU wgwUs K‡iwQ‡jb|†mB wgwUs †`‡L Kwe kvgmyi ivngvb GKwU KweZv wj‡LwQ‡jbÑ Ôm‡d`cvÄvweÕ| Kx AmvaviY e³e¨ Zuvi| ZLbKvi w`‡b e½eÜzi †h gvby‡licÖwZ ì` Zv ZLb cÖKvk †c‡q‡Q| `yM©Z GjvKvi gvbyl bvbv iKg`y‡f©v‡Mi †fZ‡i Rxeb KvUv‡”Q| †mLv‡b gIjvbv fvmvbx I e½eÜz ÎvYweZi‡Yi Rb¨ Qz‡U †eov‡”Qb| Avwg ZLb ¯^vaxb evsjv †eZv‡i wbDRGwWU‡ii `vwq‡Z¡ wQjvg| evsjv, Bs‡iwR, D`y©‡Z Avgiv †h wbDRKiZvg, Avgv‡ì †mB wbD‡Ri †fZi w`‡q ¯^vaxbZv, †`kvZ¥‡eva cÖPviK‡iwQ| e½eÜzi eRªK‡Éi †m K_v¸‡jv wbD‡Ri ga¨ w`‡q RbM‡YiKv‡Q †cuŠ‡Q †Ìqvi †Póv K‡iwQ, hv wQj AmvaviY Ae`vb ¯^vaxb evsjv†eZvi †K‡›`ªi|

wbixÿv: e½eÜzi m‡½ mvsevw`K‡ì cvi¯úwiK m¤ú‡K©i RvqMUv †KgbwQj?Kvgvj †jvnvbx: Avgv‡ì hviv ¸iæRb †hgbÑ d‡qR Avn‡g`, G we Ggg~mv, Gg Avi Av³vi gyKzj‡ì m‡½ Zuvi fv‡jv m¤úK© wQj| †m‡ÿ‡ÎAvgv‡ì mgeqwm †hgbÑ kwn`yj nK I Avgvi m‡½ GKUv AvwZ¥Km¤úK© wQj| Avwg Zuvi ivR‰bwZK `jxq †h Av`k© Zuvi m‡½ GKgZwQjvg bv, ZviciI Avwg Zuv‡K wjWvi e‡j WvKZvg| wZwb Avgv‡KK¨v‡Þb e‡j m‡¤^vab Ki‡Zb| GB †h cvi¯úwiK m¤úK©Ñ wb‡Ri `‡ji

†jvK bq, ZviciI †m m¤úK©Uv wQj| GKRb ivR‰bwZK †bZv wn‡m‡eGUv weivU ¸Y| Ab¨‡K mn¨ Kiv, A‡bï gZ‡K mnbkxj wn‡m‡e †`LvÑG ¸Y wQj e‡jB wZwb GKRb gnvb †bZv n‡Z †c‡iwQ‡jb|

wbixÿv: 1972 mv‡ji 10 Rvbyqvwii K_v Avcbvi g‡b Av‡Q?Kvgvj †jvnvbx: Avgvi cig †mŠfvM¨ Dwb G‡jb 10 Rvbyqvwi, ZLb Avwgevsjv‡`k †eZv‡ii cwiPvjK| Avgvi m‡½ wQ‡jb mnKg©x AvkivdzjAvjx Lvb| †ZRMuvI wegvbe›`‡i †cøbUv G‡m bvgj, Avgiv IUviavivweeiYx w`jvg| ILvb †_‡K Avgvi Avmvi K_v †mvnivIqv`©x D`¨v‡b;wKš‘ iv¯Ívi Ae¯’v GgbÑ †jv‡K-†jvKviY¨| evwoN‡i †jvK, Mv‡Q Mv‡Q†jvK| iv¯Ívq †jvK| e½eÜz‡K GKUv Uªv‡K K‡i wb‡q hvIqv hv‡”Q|UªvKUv †`L‡j †evSv hvq GKUv mgy‡`ªi g‡a¨ †bŠKv †f‡m hv‡”Q| GB †he½eÜz wdi‡jb| †divi ci Zuvi e³…Zvq e‡jwQ‡jb, †`‡ki gvbyl †hAvZ¥Z¨vM K‡i‡Q, wbh©vZb mn¨ K‡i‡QÑ GmewKQzi Rb¨ wZwb RbM‡YiKv‡Q K…ZÁZv cÖKvk K‡ib| mvayev` Rvwb‡q‡Qb| Awfb›`bRvwb‡q‡Qb| wZwb wZb eQi mgq PvB‡jb GB hy×weaŸ¯Í evsjv‡`k‡KbZzb K‡i M‡o †Zvjv Ges Zuvi †h ¯^cœ-mva, †`k‡K †mvbvi evsjv‡`kˆZwi Kivi Rb¨| GUv Ki‡Z wZb eQi mgq Avgv‡K w`‡Z n‡eÑ GK_vUv Avgv‡ì Kv‡Q hyw³hy³ g‡b n‡q‡Q| KviY hy×weaŸ¯Í †h †`k,Zv‡K ˆZwi Ki‡Z †Zv mgq jvM‡eB| bZzb †`k wn‡m‡e wewfbœ RvqMvqwewfbœfv‡e we‡ivwaZv K‡i‡Q| Zv‡ì m‡½ Av‡¯Í Av‡¯Í m¤úK© ˆZwiKi‡Z n‡e| hviv eÜz Av‡Q, Zviv †Zv Avgv‡ì cv‡k _vK‡eB| eÜz‡Z¡imn‡hvwMZv Avgiv †c‡qwQjvg fviZ, †mvwf‡qZ BDwbqb G RvZxq†`k¸‡jv †_‡K| gyw³hy‡× Zviv Avgv‡ì mnvqZv K‡iwQj| e½eÜz‡Kgy³ K‡i wb‡q Avmvi †cQ‡b Zviv †h †cÖkvi wµ‡qU K‡iwQj RvwZmsNI cvwK¯Ív‡bi Ici, †mme †`‡ki cÖwZ Avgv‡ì †Zv GKUv K…ZÁZv‡evawQjB| GB †h wZb eQ‡ii K_v wZwb ej‡jb, Zuvi gv_vq A‡bK wKQz†L‡jwQj| †hgbÑ evKkvj ˆZwi Ki‡jb| me kw³‡K GK RvqMvq K‡i†`kUv M‡o Zzj‡Z n‡eÑ GUvB Zuvi wPšÍv wQj|

wbixÿv: MYgva¨g wb‡q Zuvi Kx wPšÍv wQj? Kvgvj †jvnvbx: wZwb PviwU KvMR †i‡L gv‡b `ywU Bs‡iwR Avi `ywU evsjvKvMR †i‡L wbDR‡ccvi A¨vWvj‡g›U AW©vi w`‡q Ab¨ KvMR¸‡jv eÜK‡i w`‡jb| eÜ K‡i w`‡jb GRb¨ †h, MYgva¨g‡K GKUv HKë‡×ig‡a¨ wb‡q Avm‡Z n‡e| Zvi †h wPšÍv wQj evKkv‡ji wPšÍv| GUv‡Zmsev`c‡Îi ¯^vaxbZv Kxfv‡e _vK‡e, †mUvi e¨vL¨v wZwb w`‡qwQ‡jb|wewfbœ d«›U _vK‡e †hgbÑ hye d«›U, QvÎ d«›U, gwnjv d«›U, kÖwgK d«›U,K…lK d«›U| G d«‡›Ui cÖ‡Z¨‡Ki GKUv K‡i mvßvwnK cwÎKv _vK‡e| GUveû c„ôv| †m¨vkvwj÷ K¨vw›Uª¸‡jvq †hgb nq| IB KvMR¸‡jviwPšÍvfvebv Dbvi gv_vq wQj| me cwÎKv eÜ nIqvq A‡bK mvsevw`K †h†eKvi n‡q †M‡jb, Avgiv GUvi cÖwZev` K‡iwQ| Avwg ZLb XvKvmvsevw`K BDwbq‡bi †cÖwm‡W›U| ZLb Avgv‡ì ga¨ †_‡K 256 Rb c‡iAv‡iv A‡b‡K evKkv‡j †hvM`vb K‡iwQ‡jb| Avgiv K‡qKRb K‡iwb|Avwg I wbg©j †mb G `yRb K‡iwb| Avgv‡ì hyw³Uv wQjÑ hLb kÖwgKd«›U n‡e, ZLb †Zv Avgiv †UªW BDwbqb wn‡m‡e XvKv mvsevw`K BDwbqbIB d«‡›Ui †g¤^vi ne| GUvB f`ªwPZ n‡e| hv †nvK| GUv nqwb| ZuviwPšÍv wQj Gme KvM‡Ri †eKvi mvsevw`K‡ì Kv‡R jvMv‡bv n‡e| GUvKv‡R jvMv‡bvi AvM ch©šÍ Zv‡ì bvbv RvqMvq PvKwi †Ìqvi GKUveë¯’v wZwb K‡iwQ‡jb| †mUv Avwg A‡bK RvqMvq †`‡LwQ|

wbixÿv: cwÎKv eÜ K‡i †Ìqvi ci e½eÜzi c‡ÿ-wec‡ÿ gZ ˆZwin‡qwQj, GUv‡K Kxfv‡e g~j¨vqb Ki‡eb?Kvgvj †jvnvbx: Avwg †h‡nZz XvKv mvsevw`K BDwbq‡bi †cÖwm‡W›U wQjvg,†m wn‡m‡e †`‡LwQ| Avwg GKUv e¨w³MZ K_v ewj| Avwg GKUv †QvÆwPiKzU wj‡L e½eÜzi Kv‡Q cvwV‡qwQjvg| bvwRgywÏb gvwbK bv‡g Avgv‡ìGK eÜz wQ‡jb, mnKg©x wQ‡jb ˆ`wbK c~e©‡`‡k| Zvi hvZvqvZ wQjILv‡b| e½eÜzi Kv‡Q hvIqvUv Lye mnR wQj Avgv‡ì R‡b¨| I †hZ|Avwg e‡jwQjvg, Zzwg wPiKzUUv e½eÜzi nv‡Z Kvj †cuŠ‡Q wÌ| 246 Rbycy‡i evKkv‡j †hvM`vb Ki‡Z hv‡e| Zvi Av‡MB GUv †cuŠQv‡bv ìKvi|

Avwg Zv‡Z wj‡LwQjvg, hviv R‡qb Ki‡Z hv‡”Q Zv‡ì g‡a¨ D‡jøL‡hvM¨

34

wbix¶v

mvsevw`K †KD †bB| Zv‡ì MÖnY bv Kivi Rb¨| †UªW BDwbqb d«›U hLbn‡e, ZLb Avgiv mvsevw`Kiv Gi m`m¨ ne| GUvB f‡ ªvwPZ n‡e|Gfv‡e wj‡LwQjvg| GUv †cuŠQvqwb Zuvi Kv‡Q| Avgv‡ì eÜziv wM‡q R‡qbK‡iwQj| c‡i A‡b‡KB R‡qb K‡i‡Qb| hLb †`Ljvg GUv n‡”Q, ZLbAvgiv BDwbqb †_‡K ejjvg, Avcbviv hviv R‡qb Ki‡Z Pvb, ZvivR‡qb K‡ib| Avgiv Kie bv| Avgiv PviRbÑ Avwg, wbg©j †mb, wMqvmKvgvj †PŠayix I wiqvRDwÏb Avn‡g`| G PviRb wiqvRDwÏ‡bi evmvqêV‡K emjvg| êV‡K PÆMÖvg BDwbq‡bi †m‡µUvwi gwdRDwÏbAvn‡gÌ G‡jv| †m ejj, Avwg R‡qb K‡i G‡mwQ| Avcbviv PviRbGKB wm×všÍ wbb| R‡qb Ki‡j PviRb K‡ib, bv Ki‡j †KD bq; wKš‘Avgiv †kl ch©šÍ cvijvg bv| wMqvm Kvgvj †PŠayix hwÌ †m Gw›UAvIqvgx jxM, ZviciI †m R‡qb K‡i †djj| wiqvRDwÏb ejj AvwgR‡qb Kie| Dwb e½eÜz‡K e‡jwQ‡jb, Avwg R‡qb Kie| Avwg Geswbg©j †mb Kijvg bv| Ges wbg©j †mb GKUv cvwU© Ki‡Zb| cvwU©iAbygwZ Qvov †Zv wZwb Ki‡Z cvi‡eb bv| GRb¨ wZwb Ki‡eb bv| AviAvwg ejjvg, Avwg GUv‡K A¨vK‡mÞ Kwi bv| GRb¨ Kie bv| AvgivyRb Kijvg bv| IB †h Le‡ii KvM‡Ri †jvK¸‡jv hviv †eKvi n‡q

†Mj, Zv‡ì ZvwjKv ˆZwi n‡jv Ges G ZvwjKvi wfwË‡Z wewfbœRb‡Kwewfbœ RvqMvq PvKwi w`‡Z Avi¤¢ Kij| e½eÜzi wb‡ ©‡kB n‡jv|

wbixÿv: G welqwU‡K Avcwb Kxfv‡e †`‡Lb?Kvgvj †jvnvbx: Avgiv hLb Rvb‡Z cvijvg wewfbœ d«‡›Ui †h†ccvi¸‡jv n‡e, †m¸‡jv eû c„ôvi KvMR n‡e| †mLv‡b A‡bKmvsevw`K‡KB Zviv Kv‡R jvMv‡Z cvi‡e| e½eÜz evKkvj K‡iwQ‡jb,KvMR eÜ K‡iwQ‡jb, Z‡e †eKvi mvsevw`K‡ì PvKwii K_v wZwb wPšÍvK‡i‡Qb| mvgwqK ms¯’vb Ges ¯’vqx ms¯’v‡bi K_v wPšÍv K‡i‡Qb|Avgiv ZLb K‡Vvi mgv‡jvPbv K‡iwQ| BDwbqb †_‡K cÖwZev` K‡iwQ|wKš‘ Zuvi †h wPšÍv wQj, †m wPšÍv †Zv Kv‡R jvMv‡Z cvi‡jb bv| ZviAv‡MB Zuv‡K nZ¨v Kiv n‡jv|

wbixÿv: e½eÜzi kvmbKvj‡K Avcwb Kxfv‡e g~j¨vqb Ki‡eb?Kvgvj †jvnvbx: †`k cwiPvjbvi †h `ÿZv wZwb †`wL‡qwQ‡jb, †mUvGKwU ¯^vaxb †`‡ki Awemsevw`Z †bZv wn‡m‡e †h gvbyl¸‡jv MÖnYK‡iwQj, Zviv Zuvi KvQ †_‡K hv wKQz Avkv K‡iwQj, †mUv n‡jvÑRbM‡Yi Kj¨vY| †mB RbM‡Yi Kj¨v‡Yi Rb¨B wZwb wZb eQi mgq†P‡q wb‡qwQ‡jb|

A‡bK KvR wZwb K‡i‡Qb wewfbœfv‡e| ivR‰bwZK †ÿ‡Î wZwbêcøweK wPšÍvfvebv wb‡q evKkvj K‡iwQ‡jb| †mUv cieZ©x mg‡q Kxn‡Zv, †mUv Avi Rvb‡Z cvijvg bv| 15B AvM÷ Zuv‡K nZ¨v Kiv n‡jv|†h mgq cvIqvi K_v wQj, Zv †Zv †c‡jb bv wZwb| wZwb GKUvhy×weaŸ¯Í †`‡k †h mgq †c‡qwQ‡jb, †mUv Kv‡R jvwM‡qwQ‡jb| †hgb,GKUv cwjwUK¨vj K¨v‡i±i ˆZwi Ki‡Z †P‡qwQ‡jb| Avgv‡ìKvjPvivj e¨vKMÖvÛ Zz‡j Avbvi †Póv K‡iwQ‡jb| †hgbÑ Avgv‡ìevsjv‡`‡ki wkíKjv GKv‡Wwg wZwb cÖwZôv K‡iwQ‡jb| ZLb †gv¯Ídvbyiæj Bmjvg‡K wb‡q G‡jb gnvcwiPvjK K‡i, Dwb evsjvi Aa¨vcKwQ‡jb| Dwb ej‡jb, †bZv Avgv‡K †Kb wkíKjv GKv‡WwgigvnvcwiPvjK Ki‡jb? e½eÜz ej‡jb, ZzB bvU‡Ki †jvK| myZivs ZzBmewKQz wgwj‡q GKUv wPšÍvfvebv Ki‡Z cviwe| evsjv ms¯‹„wZi gvbylZzB, myZivs †mB wRwbmUv ZzB Ki‡Z cviwe| †mRb¨B †Zv‡K wb‡qAvmv| Zvici W. wmivRyj Bmjvg‡K wb‡q G‡m‡Qb| BwZnv‡mi †jvK|wZwbI wKQzw`b gnvcwiPvjK wQ‡jb| c‡i cÖ‡dkbvj †jvK G‡m‡Q|e½eÜz P‡j hvIqvi ci bvbv Rb bvbv iKg K‡i‡Qb| GdwWwm Pjw”PÎDbœqb Ki‡cv‡ik‡bi m~Pbvj‡Mœ e½eÜz wkígš¿x wQ‡jb| †mB hy³d«‡›UiAvg‡j| †mB mgq GdwWwmi †MvovcËb| cieZ©x Kv‡j hLb cÖavbgš¿xn‡jb, evsjv‡`k †Uwjwfkb n‡jv| †Uwjwfkb‡K Av‡iv DbœZ Ki‡ZAvi¤¢ Ki‡jb| Avgv‡ì ivR‰bwZK, mvgvwRK I mvs¯‹…wZK Rxe‡bic×wZ‡Z wkÿveë¯’vi g‡a¨ me©‡ÿ‡ÎB wZwb cwieZ©b G‡bwQ‡jb|

wbixÿv: Õ75-Gi 15B AvM÷ e½eÜz‡K nZ¨v Kiv n‡jv| Gici 16BAvM‡÷ cÎcwÎKv †Kgb f‚wgKv †i‡LwQj?

Kvgvj †jvnvbx: cÎcwÎKvi f‚wgKv ivLvi g‡Zv †Kv‡bv my‡hvM wQj bv|ZLb †Zv ixwZg‡Zv gvk©vj j Øviv cwiPvwjZ nw”Qj| Avgv‡ì Aw¯ÍZ¡B_v‡K bv| KvM‡Ri wWK¬v‡ikb _vK‡e bv| nZ¨vKv‡Ði Lei Iiv †hfv‡ew`‡q‡Q, †mfv‡eB Qvc‡Z n‡q‡Q| ZLb †cÖm †bvU Qvc‡Z n‡Zv|Avgv‡ì mgq Avgiv †KŠkj K‡i GKUv c¨viv †Q‡c evwK AskAvMvgxKvj mgvßÑ Gfv‡e †Q‡c w`Zvg| c‡i Avi QvcZvg bv|GiKg| c‡i Avevi Ggb Ae¯’v n‡jv †h, ejj †cÖm †bvU cy‡iv Qvc‡Zn‡e| Iiv ey‡S †djj Avgv‡ì †KŠkjUv|

wbixÿv: Õ75-Gi KZ c‡i e½eÜzi wbDR cÎcwÎKvq Avm‡Z ïiæ K‡i?Kvgvj †jvnvbx: G¸‡jv A‡bK c‡i, hv mwVKfv‡e Avgvi g‡b †bB|Õ75-Gi c‡i MYgva¨‡gi Ae¯’v G‡Kev‡i Lvivc wQj| MYgva¨g‡Kwbf©i Ki‡Z n‡Zv miKvwi n¨vÛ AvDU, †cÖm †bvU Gm‡ei Ici| †hwbDR¸‡jv Qvc‡Z n‡Zv, †mÝiwk‡ci ga¨ w`‡q Qvc‡Z n‡Zv| †hgbÑAvwg GKUv wjLjvg; wKš‘ Avgvi wPd BbPvR© †mUv †K‡U w`j, G¸‡jvwÌ bv| G¸‡jv †Ìqv hv‡e bv| wb‡`©kB h‡_ó| GKUv `ytLRbK NUbvn‡”Q †h, 15B AvM‡÷i ci gvbyl evKiæ× n‡q wM‡qwQj| K_v e‡jwb†KD| cÖwZev` †KD Ki‡Z cvi‡Q bv| wKš‘ G cÖwZev‡ì kã D‡V‡Q†Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv RvqMv †_‡K| †m¸‡jv KvM‡Ri Ici †h kvmb wQj, †mkvm‡bi Kvi‡Y Le‡ii KvM‡R G¸‡jv Av‡mwb|

wbixÿv: e½eÜzi Av`k© Avm‡j Kx?Kvgvj †jvnvbx: e½eÜzi Av`k© ivR‰bwZKfv‡e wPšÍvfvebv Ki‡j GUvn‡”Q evOvwj RvZxqZvev`| evOvwj RvZxqZvevÙv n‡”Q Zvi me‡P‡qe‡ov Av`k©| †`k‡cÖg, RvwZZ¡‡eva, mvaviY gvbyl‡K wek^vm KivÑ GUvBZuvi Av`k©| GKUv wRwbm wPšÍv K‡i †`‡Lb, Kwe¸iæ iex›`ªbv_ VvKz‡iicÖwZ Zuvi KZLvwb Av¯’v I wek^vm wQj, †h gvbylwU e‡j‡Qb gvby‡li Iciwek^vm nviv‡bv cvc| †mB K_vwU e½eÜz g‡b †i‡L‡Qb Aÿ‡i Aÿ‡i|†mRb¨ gvby‡li Ici wbf©i Kivi †Póv K‡i‡Qb me mgq| GUvB Zvime‡P‡q e‡ov Av`k©| GwU †h Zuvi ivR‰bwZK `k©b, †`k‡cÖg,RvZxqZvev`, RvwZZ¡‡eva, evOvwjZ¡Ñ GUvB Zuvi e‡ov †MŠie, Me©,AnsKviÑ GUv Zuvi `k©b|

wbixÿv: mgq †Ìqvi Rb¨ Avcbv‡K AmsL¨ abëv`| Kvgvj †jvnvbx: Avcbv‡KI abëv`|

35

wbix¶v




evsjv‡`‡ki gyyw³hy&×‡K A‡b‡K Awbe©vwPZ wKQzivR‰bwZK kw³i mk¯¿ wecø‡ei m‡½ wgwj‡q†d‡jb| Avi IBme wecø‡ei †bZvi Kv‡Ri m‡½e½eÜzi KvR‡K Zzjbv K‡i Zviv e‡jb, e½eÜzAvgv‡ì gyw³hy‡× Abycw¯’Z wQ‡jb| hviv g‡bK‡ib ev e‡jb e½eÜz gyw³hy‡× Abycw¯’Z wQ‡jb,Zviv nq‡Zv wKQz mk¯¿ mgvRZvwš¿K wecø‡ei m‡½evsjv‡`‡ki gyw³hy×‡K Zzjbv K‡i wePvi K‡ibgyw³hy‡× e½eÜzi Dcw¯’wZ I Abycw¯’wZ| welqwUGKRb mvaviY ˆmwb‡Ki Dcw¯’wZ-Abycw¯’wZig‡Zv| GgbwK mk¯¿ wecø‡ei †bZv †eb †ejøvId«v‡Ýi †R‡j ew›` wQ‡jb| Zv‡KI ejv nq bvwZwb Zvi †`‡ki mk¯¿ wecø‡e Abycw¯’Z wQ‡jb|Ggb D`vniY g‡b K‡iI Zviv †Kv‡bv mvgwMÖKwePvi K‡ib bv| GQvov KL‡bvB Zviv wePviK‡ib bv cÖK…Z A‡_© Avgv‡ì gyw³hy‡×i PwiÎKx? Avi PwiÎ Dcjwä Ki‡Z wM‡q ev we‡kølYKi‡Z wM‡q Zviv fzj K‡ib| evsjv‡`‡ki bqgv‡mi gyw³hy×wUi PwiÎ Kx? evsjv‡`‡kigyw³msMÖvg 22 eQ‡ii Avi gyw³hy× bq gv‡mi|G bq gv‡mi hy‡×i Av‡Mi †h 22 eQ‡iigyw³msMÖvg, †mUv wQj av‡c av‡c evsjv‡`k‡K¯^vaxb Kivi GKwU msMÖvg| Avi bq gv‡migyw³hy× n‡jv ¯^vaxb †`‡ki Af¨šÍ‡i _vKv we‡`wk

36

cÖ e Ü. .

gyw³hy‡× e½eÜz Abycw¯’Z

wQ‡jb bv¯^‡`k ivq

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¯^vaxb †`k wn‡m‡e AvZ¥cÖKv‡ki ci wZb mßv‡ni Kg mg‡qi g‡aëvsjv‡`‡ki wbe©vwPZ miKvi MwVZ nq| IB wbe©vwPZ miKv‡ii Aax‡b¯^vaxb †`‡ki Af¨šÍi †_‡K we‡`wk nvbv`vi kÎæ weZvo‡bi hy×wUB wQjAvgv‡ì bq gv‡mi gyw³hy×| A_©vr nvbv`vi evwnbx weZvob Kivi hy×26†k gvP© G ¯^vaxbZvi gyn~Z© †_‡K ïiæ nq Avi weZvob Ki‡Z bq gvmmgq †j‡MwQj IB kÎæ‡ì| 16B wW‡m¤î Zv‡ì Avgiv weZvob Ki‡Zmÿg nB e‡jB GB w`bwU Avgv‡ì weRq wèm| †Kv‡bv Awbe©vwPZ mk¯¿kw³ hw` hy× K‡i †`k ¯^vaxb KiZ, Zvn‡j 16B wW‡m¤îB n‡ZvAvgv‡ì ¯^vaxbZv wèm| Avi GLv‡bB evsjv‡`‡ki gyw³hy‡×i PwiÎDcjwäi g~j welqwU †_‡K hvq|

26†k gvP© evsjv‡`‡ki wbe©vwPZ RbcÖwZwbwa‡ì †bZv wn‡m‡ee½eÜz †kL gywReyi ingvb †h ¯^vaxbZv †NvlYv K‡iwQ‡jb, IB †NvlYvBevsjv‡`‡ki ¯^vaxbZvi †NvlYvc‡Îi wfwËf‚wg, hv ¯^vaxbZvi †NvlYvc‡ÎiG Ask D‡jøL Ki‡jB ¯úó nq| ¯^vaxbZvi †NvlYvc‡Î ejv n‡q‡Q:

Ô†h‡nZz GKwU msweavb cÖYq‡bi D‡Ï‡k¨ cÖwZwbwa wbe©vP‡bi R‡b¨1970 m‡bi 7 wW‡m¤î nB‡Z 1971 m‡bi 17 Rvbyqvwi ch©šÍ evsjv‡`‡kAeva wbe©vPb AbywôZ nq,

Ges†h‡nZz GB wbe©vP‡b evsjv‡`‡ki RbMY 169 Rb RbcÖwZwbwai

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Ges†h‡nZz GB Avn~Z cwil`-mfv †¯^”QvPvix I †eAvBwbfv‡e

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Ges†h‡nZz GBiƒc wek^vmNvZKZvg~jK AvPi‡Yi cwi‡cÖwÿ‡Z

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GiciI mZ¨ n‡jv, mvgwiK kvmKiv KL‡bvB RbM‡Yi †bZvi kw³eyS‡Z cv‡i bv| GgbwK Zviv †bZvi AvK…wZI eyS‡Z cv‡i bv| †h Kvi‡YZviv 1971 mv‡j Av‡iv e‡ov AvK…wZi e½eÜz †kL gywReyi ingvb‡KeyS‡Z e¨_© nq| Zviv †MÖdZvi K‡i e½eÜz‡K| GgbwK Zviv GUvIeyS‡Z e¨_© nq, e½eÜzi AvK…wZ Avi evsjv‡`‡ki AvK…wZ ZLb mgvb n‡q†M‡Q| GKwU †`k‡K Ab¨ †`‡ki KvivMv‡i †Kv‡bvg‡ZB ivLv hvq bv|Bqvwnqv hLb e½eÜz‡K †MÖdZvi K‡i IB mg‡q e½eÜz I evsjv‡`kmgv_©K kã| e½eÜz ZLb evsjv‡`‡ki gvbwPÎmn mv‡o mvZ †KvwUgvby‡li mgvb AvK…wZi| G Kvi‡Y Bqvwnqv hwÌ e½eÜz‡K †R‡jwb‡qwQ‡jb, Z‡e ev¯Í‡e Zviv †MvUv evsjv‡`k‡K Zv‡ì cvwK¯Ív‡bi†R‡j fi‡Z wM‡q e¯‘Z evsjv‡`k‡K †MvUv c„w_ex‡Z Qwo‡q †`q| mgMÖMYZvwš¿K wek^ e‡j, wbe©vwPZ †bZv‡K †MÖdZvi Kivi AwaKvi cvwK¯ÍvwbmvgwiK KZ©„c‡ÿi †bB| ZrKvjxb Av‡gwiKvb †cÖwm‡W›U cvwK¯Ív‡bicÿ wb‡jI Zvi wm‡b‡U wZwb evievi evavMÖ¯Í nb cvwK¯Ív‡bi c‡ÿmg_©‡bi wej Avb‡Z Ges †mw`‡bi cÎcwÎKvi Lei¸‡jv †`L‡jAvR‡Ki ZiæY cÖRb¥ eyS‡Z cvi‡e, evsjv‡`‡ki beMwVZ miKvi‡K†mmg‡q A‡bK †`k cÖKv‡k¨ ¯^xKvi K‡i wee„wZ w`‡Z bv cvi‡jI ZvivGUv †Rv‡ii m‡½ e‡j, Zviv †KD wbe©vwPZ †bZv‡K †MÖdZv‡ii c‡ÿ bq|†mw`b G K_vI mevB e‡jb, GKgvÎ †kL gywReyi ingvbB Zuvi †`km¤ú‡K© wm×všÍ †bIqvi AwaKvix| cvwK¯Ívwb mvgwiK KZ…©cÿ bq| †mw`be½eÜz‡K †MÖdZvi Kivi c‡i ev¯Í‡e MYZvwš¿K we‡kî cÖwZwµqv Kx wQjZv Aw÷ªqvi P¨v‡Ýj‡ii wee„wZB ¯úó e‡j †`q| wZwb GK wee„wZ‡Ze‡jb: ‘The Austrian Chancellor, Dr. Bruno Kreisky, hasdeplored the detention of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman by theWest Pakistan millitary junta and said that “no democraticparty in Europe will tolerate it.” (The Times OF INDIA, NewDelhi- October 29, 1971). (Aw÷ªqvi P¨v‡Ýji eªæ‡bv wµmwKcvwK¯Ív‡bi mvgwiK RvšÍv †h †kL gywReyi ingvb‡K †MÖdZvi K‡i‡Q ZviK‡Vvi wb›`v Rvwb‡q e‡jb, ÔBD‡iv‡ci †Kv‡bv MYZvwš¿K ivR‰bwZK `jGUv mn¨ Ki‡e bv|) ZvB gyw³hy‡× †hgb eRªK‡Éi gva¨‡g gyw³‡hv×v‡ìivB‡dj, gvBb, †MÖ‡bWÑ meLv‡b wQ‡jb e½eÜz, †Zgwb AvšÍR©vwZK we‡k^cÖvq GKKfv‡e jovB K‡ib wbe©vwPZ †bZv e½eÜz †kL gywReyi ingvb|

†h †Kv‡bv gyw³hy×, ¯^vaxbZv msMÖvg †hgb †`‡ki gvby‡liAvZ¥Z¨v‡Mi gva¨‡g nq, †Zgwb Zvi m‡½ mn‡hv×v wn‡m‡e ùvovqc„w_exi gyw³Kvgx gvbyl| †MvUv c„w_exi gyw³Kvgx gvbyl‡K †mw`bevsjv‡`‡ki c‡ÿ ùvov‡bvi bvh¨Zv w`‡qwQ‡jb ew›` ¯^vaxb ivóªcÖavbe½eÜz †kL gywReyi ingvb| ZvB RbM‡Yi K‚UbxwZ‡Z †mw`b Bqvwnqv‡KcivwRZ K‡iwQ‡jb ew›` e½eÜz| A_©vr wbqgZvwš¿K ivRbxwZi ga¨ w`‡qmiKvi MVb K‡i, mk¯¿ c‡_ nvbv`vi Zvov‡bvi hy‡× †mw`b e½eÜziwW‡cøvg¨vwmi Kv‡Q †n‡i hvq cvwK¯Ívwb KZ…©cÿ| weRqx nb e½eÜz,iƒcvšÍwiZ nb e½eÜz †kL gywReyi ingvb †_‡K RvwZi RbK e½eÜz †kLgywReyi ingv‡b| cwiYZ nb c„w_exi gvby‡li gyw³Kvgx Ab¨ZgMYZvwš¿K †bZv wn‡m‡e|

c„w_ex‡Z evsjv‡`‡ki GB wbqgZvwš¿K MYZvwš¿K miKv‡ii Aax‡bnvbv`vi weZvo‡bi gyw³hy× nIqvi Av‡M wVK kZfvM GB ai‡bi Avi†Kv‡bv gyw³hy× nqwb| Av‡gwiKvi ¯^vaxbZv hy× Qvov Avi †h wecøe¸‡jvn‡qwQj Zv m¤ú~Y© evsjv‡`‡ki gyw³hy‡×i Pwi‡Îi kZfvM wecixZ|IBme wecø‡ei m‡½ wgwj‡q evsjv‡`‡ki nvbv`vi gyw³i hy×‡K †`Lv nqe‡j Avgv‡ì gyw³hy‡× e½eÜzi Dcw¯’wZ ev Abycw¯’wZi welqwU we‡køl‡Yfzj K‡ib A‡b‡K| A‡b‡KB fzj K‡i e‡jb, e½eÜz gyw³hy‡× Abycw¯’Z

wQ‡jb| Zviv eyS‡Z fzj K‡ib gyw³`vZv MYZvwš¿K †bZv †hfv‡e Dcw¯’Z_v‡Kb, wZwb †mfv‡eB Dcw¯’Z wQ‡jb| hviv e‡jb wZwb Abycw¯’ZwQ‡jb, Zviv Zv‡ì wb‡Ri gv‡c e½eÜz‡K †`‡Lb|

Avi GB †Rj †_‡K we‡kî Kx gv‡ci †bZv wn‡m‡e evsjv‡`‡kiRvwZi RbK e½eÜz †kL gywReyi ingvb †ei n‡q G‡mwQ‡jb, Zv c„w_exi¸iæZ¡c~Y© msev`c‡Îi IB mg‡qi m¤úv`Kxq †_‡KB ¯úó n‡q I‡V|

12 Rvbyqvwi 1972 A‡÷ªwjqvi msev`cÎ: The West AustralianGi m¤úv`KxqÕi K‡qKwU jvBb wQj GgbBÑ Sheikh MujiburRahman’s emotional wellcome to Dacca by million Bengaliesmarks the beginning of the long and formidable task of creat-ing a new nation. Bangla Desh has been proclaimed; theSheikh’s dream of liberation from Pakistan has been realised.His challenge now is to make the dream work.....SheikhMujib is the only man with the political authority and populersupport to unite his people into a new nation.

(XvKvq jv‡Lv evOvwj †kL gywReyi ingvb‡K Av‡eMNb Af¨_©bvi†fZi w`‡q cÖgvY K‡i, bZzb GKwU RvwZ MV‡bi KwVb I `xN©hvÎv ïiæn‡jv| evsjv‡`k GLb AvbyôvwbK, cvwK¯Ívb †_‡K evsjv‡`k‡K gy³Kivi †h `xN©w`‡bi ¯^cœ †k‡Li wQj, †mUv AvR ev¯Í‡e iƒc wb‡q‡Q| GLbZvi `vq ¯^cœ‡K cÖK…Z ev¯Íevqb Kiv| ... †kL gywReB GKgvÎivR‰bwZK e¨w³ hvi ÿgZv I RbwcÖqZvi gva¨‡g wZwb Zuvi Rb‡Mvôx‡KGKZve× K‡i RvwZ‡Z cwiYZ Ki‡Z cvi‡eb)|

GB m¤úv`Kxqi G KUv jvBb cÖgvY K‡i, cvwK¯Ív‡bi KvivMv‡ihv‡K ivLv n‡qwQj, wZwb evsjv‡`‡ki miKvicÖavb, ZuviB ¯^cœ GBevsjv‡`k| wZwb G RvwZi g~j A_wiwU| GUv cvwK¯Ív‡bi evB‡ii GKwURvwZ‡Mvôx|

GUv †hgb †Rj †_‡K gy³ n‡q †`‡k †divi gyn~‡Z©i ev¯ÍeZv wb‡q†jLv GKwU m¤úv`Kxq, †Zgwb †`‡k †divi Av‡M 3 Rvbyqvwi 1972The New York Times †j‡L:

“Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, the charismatic East Bengalileader who was seized by the discredited Government of presi-dent Yahya Khan last March 25 at the beginning of the crack-down that led to East Pakistan’s final secession. Bangladeshurgently needs Sheikh Mujib’s leadership to unify its people forurgent tasks of rehabilitation, reconstruction and nation build-ing. India needs Mujib even more desperately forestall a grow-ing threat of anarchy and extremeism in this new border stateand to promote conditions that will facilitate the speedy returnof refugees of Bangladesh and the withdrawal of Indian troops.”

(c~e© evsjvi Abb¨ mvaviY mnRvZ †bZv †kL gywReyi ingvb‡K MZ25 gv‡P©i µ¨vKWvD‡bi gyn~‡Z© cvwK¯Ív‡bi wbw›`Z Bqvwnqv miKvi †MÖdZviK‡i, Avi hvi †fZi w`‡q c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡bi †ewi‡q hvIqv wbwðZ n‡q hvq|GLb evsjv‡`‡ki cybe©vmb, cybM©Vb I RvwZ MV‡bi Rb¨ Riæwi ìKvi †kLgywReyi ingv‡bi †bZ…Z¡| GgbwK fvi‡Zi Rb¨ GLb Av‡iv †ewk ìKvi†kL gywRe‡K| KviY Zvi mxgvšÍeZ©x GB bZzb ivóª ˆbivR¨ ev msNv‡Ziw`‡K †hb bv hvq| GRb¨ fvi‡Zi GLb ìKvi GKwU myôz eë¯’vcbvqkiYv_©x‡ì †diZ cvVv‡bv Ges evsjv‡`k †_‡K fviZxq ˆmb¨ cÖZ¨vnvi)|

wbDBqK© UvBg‡mi m¤úv`Kxqi G jvBb¸‡jvB cÖgvY K‡icvwK¯Ív‡bi †R‡j e‡m e½eÜz Kxfv‡e evsjv‡`‡ki gyw³hy‡×i GKK†bZ…‡Z¡ wQ‡jb| GgbwK †h fviZ evsjv‡`‡ki gyw³hy‡×i mn‡hv×v wQj,Zv‡ì Kv‡QI Zvi Acwinvh©Zv KZLvwb| Avgiv wbDBqK© UvBg‡mi mekã cÖ‡qv‡Mi m‡½ GKgZ ne bv, Z‡e Dcjwä Kie e½eÜz‡K| AviwbðqB Avgiv fwel¨‡Z KL‡bvB GKgZ ne bv Zv‡ì m‡½, hviv e‡jbe½eÜz gyw³hy‡× Abycw¯’Z wQ‡jb| eis mZ¨‡K KwVb cv_‡i wePvi K‡iey‡K aviY KieÑ Kx wekvjfv‡e I mwVK c‡_ wZwb Avgv‡ì †bZ…Z¡w`‡qwQ‡jb Ges Zuvi †R‡j hvIqvi Av‡M I †R‡j e‡m Dcw¯’wZ‡K wZwbK‚U‰bwZK c‡_ KZUv mdj K‡iwQ‡jb|

(cÖeÜwU wcAvBwe‡Z AbywôZ †kvKven AvM÷ e½eÜz I MYgva¨g kxl©KAv‡jvPbv mfvq cwVZ)

†jLK: wbe©vnx m¤úv`K, ˆ`wbK RbKÉ

39

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e½eÜz †kL gywReyi ingvb‡K K‡e cÖ_g †`‡LwQ,mwVK w`b-ZvwiL ej‡Z cvie bv| wKš‘ cÖ_g†`Lv‡ZB †h Lye fv‡jv †j‡MwQj, Zv‡Z m‡›`‡ni†Kv‡bv AeKvk †bB| Lye ZvovZvwo gvbyl‡KAvcb K‡i †bIqvi GK A™¢zZ ÿgZv wQj Zuvi|†MvcvjM‡Äi ZrKvjxb GmwWwcI Ave`yjLv‡j‡Ki m‡½ Avgvi we‡q nq 1953 mv‡j 2A‡±vei, XvKvq| Avwg ZLb XvKvq B‡Wb K‡j‡RAvBG wØZxq e‡l© cwo| Avgvi evev †m mg‡qivRkvnx †i‡Äi wWAvBwR cywjk G †K GgnvwdRDwÏb| we‡qi K‡qKw`b ciB Lv‡jKmv‡ne Kv‡R †hvM`vb K‡ib| Avwg m‡½ hvBwb|GKev‡i AvBG cixÿv w`‡q 1954 mv‡j†MvcvjM‡Ä hvB| ZLb hy³d«‡›Ui wbe©vPb wb‡qmevB e¨¯Í| †MvcvjM‡Ä GKw`‡K †kL gywReyiingvb Ges Ab¨w`‡K Iwn`y¾vgvb| `yRbBAvgvi evevi AvZ¥xq| †kL gywReyi ingv‡bi PvPv†kL †gvkviid †nv‡m‡bi ¯¿x AveŸvi PvPv‡Zv†evb| †mB m~‡Î AveŸv‡K †kL mv‡ne gvgvm‡¤^vab Ki‡Zb| Avi Iwn`y¾vgvb mv‡n‡ei †QvUfvB dqKz¾vgv‡bi ¯¿x wQ‡jb AveŸvi Lvjv‡ZvfvB‡qi †g‡q| `yB c‡ÿiB Lv‡jK mv‡ne RvgvBwQ‡jb| wbe©vP‡b `yB cÿ `yB `‡j| wKš‘ Lv‡jKmv‡ne wbi‡cÿZv, `ÿZv I wbôv w`‡q wbe©vP‡bimgq KvR K‡i‡Qb| †KD †Kv‡bv K_v ej‡Z

40

cÖ e Ü. .

Avgvi ¯§„wZ‡Z e½eÜz

†mwjbv Lv‡jK

cv‡iwb| ZvivI KL‡bv Zv‡K weeªZKi Ae¯’vq †d‡jbwb| e½eÜzgv‡Sg‡a¨ Avgv‡ì evmvq Avm‡Zb| 1948-Gi fvlv Av‡›`vj‡bim~PbvjMœ †_‡KB Lv‡jK mv‡n‡ei m‡½ e½eÜzi cwiPq wQj| GKw`b nVvr`ycy‡ii w`‡K e½eÜz G‡jb| †mw`b wQj k‡eeivZ| †mmgq GKUv cÖ_vPvjy wQj †h, k‡eeiv‡Z fv‡jv LvIqv-`vIqv Ki‡j, bZzb Kvco ci‡j,`vb-LqivZ Ki‡j mvivUv eQi fv‡jv _vKv hv‡e| †mmgq AvgivAvZ¥xq¯^Rb I cvovcÖwZ‡ekx, gmwR` I Mwie-`ytLx‡ì g‡a¨ nvjyqv-iæwU weZiY Kiv‡K †Qvqv‡ei KvR e‡j g‡b KiZvg| `ycy‡i †cvjvI ivbœvKiv n‡qwQj| Zuv‡K †L‡q †h‡Z Aby‡iva Kijvg| wZwb D‡ëv Avgv‡KcÖkœ Ki‡jb, ZzB wK ivbœv Ki‡Z cvwim? Avcbviv A‡b‡K nq‡Zv Rv‡bbwZwb Zuvi †P‡q eq‡m †QvU Ges hv‡ì †¯œn Ki‡Zb, Zv‡ì ÔZzBÕ e‡jm‡¤^vab Ki‡Zb| wZwb Avgv‡ì `yRb‡KB ZzB ej‡Zb| Avgvi GL‡bvg‡b Av‡Q, wZwb Avgvi evmvq †mw`b Lye Z…wß mnKv‡i †L‡qwQ‡jb|Zuv‡K Avi KL‡bv LvIqv‡bvi my‡hvM Avgvi nqwb|

1974/75-G 17 gv‡P© Zuvi Rb¥w`‡b Avgvi `yB †Q‡j‡g‡q‡K wb‡qAvgiv `yÕRb wM‡qwQjvg| weL¨vZ d‡UvMÖvdvi iwk` ZvjyK`vi‡K ej‡jb,Avgv‡ì m‡½ Qwe Zzj‡Z| Qwe Zzj‡Z GKUz †`wi nw”Qj| VvÆv K‡iej‡jb, iwk` wdj¥ Av‡Q †Zv, bvwK Ggwb wUcvwUwc Ki‡Qv? GgbB wQjZuvi Dcw¯’Z iwmKZv Kivi ÿgZv| ¯^vaxbZvi ci GKwU Abyôv‡b nuvU‡ZnuvU‡Z Avgv‡ì m‡½ K_v ejwQ‡jb| Avgiv mevB Rvwb AmvaviY wQjZuvi ¯§„wZkw³| K‡e, †Kv_vq, Kvi evwo‡Z Kx w`‡q fvZ †L‡qwQ‡jb, ZvwZwb g‡b K‡i ej‡Z cvi‡Zb| I‡ì MÖv‡gi evwo‡Z K‡e A‡bK iKggvQ w`‡q Avgvi e‡ov fvmyi LvB‡qwQ‡jb Zv Zuvi g‡b Av‡Q| †K KviAvZ¥xq, †mUvI wZwb g‡b ivL‡Zb| G cÖm‡½ Avwg e‡jwQjvg, Lv‡jKmv‡ne Awd‡mi Kv‡R Avcbvi evmvq †M‡j fvwe memgq LvB‡q †`b|Avgvi †h †mŠfvM¨ nq bv| nvm‡Z nvm‡Z wZwb e‡jwQ‡jb, ZzB †M‡j†Zvi fvwe †Zv‡KI LvIqv‡e|

ivóªcwZ wn‡m‡e wZwb mvi`v cywjk GKv‡Wwg‡Z wM‡qwQ‡jb| Lv‡jKmv‡ne AvBwR cywjk| †mLv‡b ¯§„wZ Í‡¤¢ wZwb cy®ú ÍeK Ac©Y K‡i wd‡iG‡m Avgv‡K ejwQ‡jb, Avwg Rvwb †Zviv A‡bK Kó K‡iwQm Õ71-G|Avwg e‡jwQjvg, Avjøvni Amxg K…cvq Avgiv †eu‡P AvwQ, hwÌ mvi`vqAvgv‡ì mewKQz jyUcvU n‡q †M‡Q| AvR nq‡Zv GB ¯§„wZ Í‡¤¢ AvcwbAvgv‡ì RbÏ yÕ‡duvUv AkÖæ †dj‡Zb| Rev‡e ej‡jb, ZzB A‡bK †ewkK_v ewjm| 1975 mvj ch©šÍ bvbv Abyôv‡b Zuv‡K †`LZvg| memgq K_vejvi my‡hvM n‡Zv bv| †klevi †`‡LwQjvg nv‡m¨v¾¡j †bZv‡K †kLKvgv‡ji we‡q‡Z| Lv‡jK mv‡ne UvB-my U c‡i wM‡qwQ‡jb| Dwb UvBUva‡i ej‡jb, Bm, GKev‡i UvB-my U c‡i G‡m‡Q| Lv‡jK mv‡ne Revew`‡jb, ivóªcwZi †Q‡ji we‡qi Abyôv‡b UvB-my U bv ci‡j †Kgb †`Lv‡e?

1975 mv‡j bvbv cÎcwÎKvq bvbvR‡bi K_v, bvbv fwel¨ØvYx IbvbviKg ¸Re †ei n‡j Lv‡jK mv‡n‡ei nv‡Z hv AvmZ, Zv wZwbe½eÜz‡K †`Lv‡Zb| GK RvqMvq †jLv nq “Mujib’s funie willbleed”. Dwb †n‡m cÖkœ K‡iwQ‡jb, Funie ej‡Z Kx †evSvq? Lv‡jKmv‡ne DË‡i e‡jwQ‡jb, Gi A_© †Ljvi †cvkvK ev Rvgv| e½eÜz †n‡me‡jwQ‡jb, Avwg Gme wek¦vm Kwi bv| K_v¸‡jv 15B AvM÷ mZ¨cÖgvwYZ n‡jv| wcÖq †bZvi †cvkvK i³v³ n‡jv|

Avgiv ZLb XvKvq wm‡×kîx‡Z _vwK| †Mvjv¸wji AvIqvR ï‡bLv‡jK mv‡ne igbv _vbvq †dvb Ki‡jb| avbgwÐi kã †evanq Avgivïwbwb| igbvq †miwbqvevZ mv‡n‡ei evmvq †Mvjv¸wji kã| c‡i†iwWIÕ‡Z †gRi Wvwj‡gi `¤¢fiv Mjvq gg©vwšÍK LeiUv ïbjvg| wek^vmKi‡Z B‡”Q KiwQj bv| Avgiv mevB fxlYfv‡e gg©vnZ| Lv‡jK mv‡ne†ek K‡qKw`b Awd‡m hvbwb| Avgiv `yÕRbB Zuv‡K fxlYfv‡e kÖ×vKiZvg| Zuvi g„Zzï GZ eQi ciI Mv‡bi m‡½ Mjv wgwj‡q ej‡Z B”QvK‡iÑ Òhw` ivZ †cvnv‡j †kvbv †hZ e½eÜz g‡i bvB|Ó

†jLK: mv‡eK AvBwRwc Ave`yj Lv‡j‡Ki mnawg©Yx

41

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1947e½eÜz †kL gywReyi ingvb KjKvZvi BmjvwgqvK‡jR (eZ©gv‡b †gŠIjvbv AvRv` K‡jR) †_‡KweG cvm K‡ib| 1947 mv‡j †mvnivIqv`©x,Aveyj nvwkg, kirP›`ª emy cÖgyL †bZvi D‡`¨v‡MAwef³, Amv¤úª`vwqK ¯^vaxb-mve©‡fŠg evsjvcÖwZôvi Av‡›`vjb ïiæ n‡j †kL gywRe Zv‡Zmg_©b Rvbvb| Ry‡b evsjv I fviZ wefw³ P‚ovšÍK‡i evsjv‡K cvwK¯Ív‡bi AšÍfz©³ Kiv n‡j wbwLje½ gymwjg QvÎjx‡Mi GK mfvq wZwb A_©‰bwZKAe¯’vi Kvi‡YB evsjv †ewkw`b cvwK¯Ív‡biA½xf‚Z _vK‡e bv e‡j gšÍe¨ K‡ib|

19484 Rvbyqvwi c~e© cvwK¯Ívb gymwjg QvÎjxM MwVZnq| e½eÜz †kL gywRe gymwjg jxM NivbviivR‰bwZK e„Ë †_‡K †ewi‡q GB QvÎ msMVbcÖwZôvq †bZ…Z¡¯’vbxq f‚wgKv cvjb K‡ib|QvÎjx‡Mi m‡½ ÔgymwjgÕ kãwUi mshyw³mgmvgwqK mg‡q Ges cieZ©xKv‡j eûmgv‡jvPbvi Rb¥ †`q| e½eÜz bxwZ I D‡Ïk¨wVK †i‡L ev¯Íe cwiw¯’wZ‡Z †KŠkj wn‡m‡egymwjg QvÎjxM bvgKi‡Yi c‡ÿ hyw³ Dc¯’vcbK‡ib| G‡Z Zuvi †bZ…Z¡myjf cÖÁv GesivR‰bwZK `~i`wk©Zvi cwiPq cvIqv hvq|

42

cÖ e Ü. .

evsjv‡`‡ki gyw³msMÖvg I e½eÜz †kL gywRe:

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11 gvP© evsjv fvlvi `vwe‡Z QvÎRbZv iv¯Ívq bv‡g| IB w`b cy‡ivcÖ‡`‡k QvÎ ag©NU cvwjZ nq| †kL gywRe †m‡µUvwi‡q‡Ui mvg‡bwc‡KwUs‡q AskMÖnY K‡ib| Gmgq Zuv‡K †MÖdZvi Kiv nq| GUvBcvwK¯Ív‡bi BwZnv‡m †kL gywR‡ei cÖ_g †MÖdZvieiY| 15 gvP© gyw³jvfK‡i wZwb LvRv bvwRgywÏ‡bi m‡½ ¯^vÿwiZ 8 `dv Pzw³‡Z ¸iæZ¡c~Y©wZbwU ms‡kvabx Av‡bb| 16 gvP© cÖv‡`wkK cwil‡ì Ae‡iv‡a †bZ…Z¡†`b †kL gywRe|

1949gvP©-GwcÖ‡j XvKv wek^we`¨vj‡qi PZz_© †kÖwYi Kg©Pvix ag©N‡U †bZ…Z¡ †`qQvÎjxM| G Kvi‡Y QvÎjx‡Mi eû †bZvKg©x‡K wewfbœ ai‡bi kvw¯Í †Ìqvnq| †kL gywRemn (wØZxq el©, GjGjwe †ivj bs-166, mwjgyjøvngymwjg nj) cuvPRb‡K c‡b‡iv UvKv Rwigvbv Kiv nq Ges 17 GwcÖ‡jig‡a¨ m`vPi‡Yi M¨vivw›U w`‡Z ejv nq| e½eÜz Rwigvbv I M¨vivw›U w`‡ZA¯^xKvi Kivq Zuv‡K wek^we`¨vjq †_‡K ewn®‹vi Kiv nq| XvKvwek^we`¨vj‡qi DcvPv‡h©i evmvq Ae¯’vb ag©N‡Ui †bZ…Z¡ †Ìqvq †kLgywRe‡K †MÖdZvi Kiv nq|

23 Ryb c~e© cvwK¯Ívb AvIqvgx gymwjg jxM MwVZ nq| gywRe ZLbKvivMv‡i| GKwU fzLv wgwQ‡j †bZ…Z¡ `vb Ki‡Z wM‡q wZwb †MÖdZvi nb|AšÍwib _vKv Ae¯’vqB wZwb beMwVZ GB cÖ_g we‡ivax `‡ji cÖ_g hyM¥mwPe wbe©vwPZ nb| wØZxq hyM¥ m¤úv`K n‡jb†Lv›`Kvi †gvkZvK| †Lv›`Kvi †gvkZvKAve`vi Zz‡jb, ÔgywRe †h‡nZz KvivMv‡i, ZvBcÖ_g hyM¥ m¤úv`K c`wU Zvi wb‡RiB cvIqvDwPZ| mfvcwZ gIjvbv fvmvbx †mB cÖ¯ÍvebvKP K‡i †`b| GLvb †_‡KB †gvkZvK †kLgywRe‡K wbR cÖwZØ›Øx g‡b Ki‡Z ïiæ K‡i|Ry‡bi †klw`‡K wZwb gyw³ cvb| †m‡Þ¤^‡iLv`¨ msKUwe‡ivax Av‡›`vj‡bi mgq 144 avivf‡½i Kvi‡Y †kL gywRe‡K AvUK Kiv nq Gesc‡i †Q‡o †Ìqv nq| A‡±ve‡i Lv`¨ msK‡UiKvi‡Y Zuv‡K Ges AvIqvgx gymwjg jxMmfvcwZ gIjvbv fvmvbx‡K †MÖdZvi Kiv nq|

1950AvUPwjø‡ki 11 gvP© n‡jv cÖ_g fvlvmsMÖvgwèm| GB w`b‡K cÖwZeQi cvjb Kiv n‡Zv|1950 mv‡j wecyj DÏxcbv mnKv‡i G wèmwUcvj‡bi cÖ¯‘wZ MÖn‡Yi cÖv°v‡j †kL gywRe‡KRvbyqvwi‡Z †MÖdZvi Kiv nq| wZwb ZLbcÖavbgš¿x wjqvKZ Avjx Lv‡bi c~e© evsjv md‡ii cÖwZev‡` `ywf©ÿwe‡ivaxwgwQ‡j †bZ…Z¡ w`w”Q‡jb|

195227 Rvbyqvwi XvKvq cvwK¯Ív‡bi cÖavbgš¿x LvRv bvwRgywÏb ÔD`y©BcvwK¯Ív‡bi GKgvÎ ivóªfvlvÕ e‡j †NvlYv Ki‡j c~e© evsjvq e¨vcKcÖwZwµqvi m„wó nq| fvlvi `vwe‡Z cybivq Av‡›`vj‡bi m~ÎcvZ nq| 31Rvbyqvwi GK mfvq AvIqvgx gymwjg jx‡Mi mfvcwZ gIjvbv Ave`yjnvwg` Lvb fvmvbx‡K mfvcwZ I QvÎjx‡Mi mnmfvcwZ KvRx †Mvjvggvnveye‡K AvnŸvqK K‡i me©`jxq ivóªfvlv msMÖvg cwil` MwVZ nq|mfvq GKwU cÖ¯Ív‡e 21†k †deªæqvwi ag©NU AvnŸvb Kiv nq| Aci GKwUcÖ¯Ív‡e †kL gywReyi ingvbmn AvUK ew›`‡ì gyw³ `vwe Kiv nq| G mgqZuv‡K dwi`cyi †R‡j ¯’vbvšÍi Kiv nq| wZwb †mLv‡b AvgiY Abkb ïiæK‡ib| 26 †deªæqvwi Zuv‡K gyw³ †Ìqv nq|

1953B‡Zvg‡a¨ †kL gywRe AvIqvgx gymwjg jx‡Mi mvaviY m¤úv`K wbhy³nb| 1953 mv‡j AvIqvgx jx‡Mi cÖ_g m‡¤§j‡b wZwb mvaviYm¤úv`‡Ki wi‡cvU© †ck K‡ib| 20-cieZ©x Ae¯’v ch©v‡jvPbv K‡i GBwi‡cv‡U© gywRe e‡jb, Ôgvbyl mvs¯‹…wZK AvZ¥wbqš¿‡Yi AwaKvi cÖwZwôZ

Kwi‡Z hvBqv i³ ¯^vÿ‡i kc_ wjwLqv‡Q, Rxe‡bi cwic~Y© wbðqZv bvcvB‡j Zv‡ì Av‡›`vjb _vwg‡e bv| 1949 mv‡ji ¯^vaxbZv jywßiAvk¼v, miKv‡i cÖwZ †gvn, cvK-fviZ wZ³ m¤úK©, wn›`y-gymjgv‡bGKUv m‡›`‡ni fve I Av‡›`vj‡bi AwfÁZvi Afve Ges mvsMVwbKk~b¨Zvi cwi‡ek AvR wPiwe`vq wb‡q‡Q| AvR gvbyl HKë×fv‡emiKviwe‡ivax| ¯^vaxbZv‡K mv_©K Kwi‡Z Pvq Rxeb I RxweKvi cwic~Y©weKv‡ki ga¨ w`‡q| Rxeb-RxweKvi jovB‡q cÖ‡Z¨K gvbyl eY© m¤úª`vqwbwe©‡k‡l `ykg‡bi weiæ‡× msMwVZ n‡Z Pvq, iv‡óª iv‡óª we‡iva‡K Zvivm¤úª`v‡q m¤úª`v‡q we‡iva ewjqv g‡b K‡ib bv|Õ GB wi‡cv‡U© †kL gywReAv‡iv e‡jb, ÔAvIqvgx jxM †NvlYv Kwiqv‡Q KgbI‡qj_-Gi mv‡_Avgv‡ì m¤úK© Z¨vM Kwi‡Z nB‡e| Zviv AviI †`wLqv‡Q K…wó I wk‡íZviv †h cÖMwZev`x Kg©m~wP MÖnY Kwiqv‡Q Dnv mvgšÍev`x I mv¤ªvRëv`xeë¯’vi GKvšÍ cwicš’x| ZvB AvIqvgx jxM KgbI‡qj_ Z¨vMB b‡n,mg¯Í mv¤ªvRëv`x †Rv‡Ui mv‡_ m¤úK©nxb mwµq wbi‡cÿZvi bxwZ†NvlYv Kwiqv‡Q|Õ G‡Z ê‡`wkK bxwZi e¨vcv‡i †kL gywR‡ei AwfgZcÖwZdwjZ n‡q‡Q|

1954gv‡P© AbywôZ wbe©vP‡b †kL gywRe †MvcvjMÄ `wÿY gymwjg †K‡›`ªhy³d«‡›Ui cÖv_©x wn‡m‡e cÖwZØw›ØZv K‡ib| wZwb 19 nvRvi 362 †fvU

†c‡q wbe©vwPZ nb Ges Zuvi cÖwZØ›Øx gymwjg jx‡Mi Awn`y¾vgvb cvb 9nvRvi 569 †fvU (AvRv`, 22 gvP©, 1954)| hy³d«‡›Ui e¨vcK weRqjvf N‡U| 237wU Avm‡bi g‡a¨ hy³d«›U cvq 223wU Avmb| d‡jgymwjg jx‡Mi ivR‰bwZK g„Zz¨ N‡U| †kL gywRe †k‡ievsjv G †KdRjyj n‡Ki †bZ…Z¡vaxb hy³d«›U gwš¿mfvq K…wl, K…wlFY, ebRm¤ú` Imgevqgš¿x wbhy³ nb| wKš‘ cvwK¯Ív‡bi †K›`ªxq kvmKPµ evOvwji GBivR‰bwZK weRq‡K bm¨vr Ki‡Z wØav K‡iwb| c~e© evsjvq 1935 mv‡jifviZ kvmb AvB‡bi 92-†K aviv Rvwi K‡i †K‡›`ªi kvmb Pvjy Kiv nq|†k‡ievsjv G †K dRjyj nK gwš¿mfv evwZj Kiv nq| c~e© evsjvi Mfb©in‡q Av‡mb KzL¨vZ †Rbv‡ij B¯‹v›`vi wgR©v| wZwb ÿgZv †bIqvi GKmßv‡ni g‡a¨ gš¿x †kL gywRe‡K Kviviæ× K‡ib| wW‡m¤^‡i wZwb gyw³cvb|

†g gv‡m Pakistan-US Mutual Aid and Security AssistanceAgreement ev cvK-gvwK©b mvgwiK Pzw³ ¯^vÿwiZ nq| Gi weiæ‡× c~e©evsjvi ivRbxwZwe` Ges QvÎiv †mv”Pvi n‡q D‡Vb| gywRemn †òkZvwaK hy³d«›U `jxq m`m¨ Gi weiæ‡× wee„wZ cÖ`vb K‡ib|

1955Ry‡b e½eÜz †kL gywRe cvwK¯Ív‡bi wØZxq MYcwil‡ì m`m¨ wbe©vwPZnb| cvwK¯Ív‡bi MYcwil‡ì m`m¨ wn‡m‡e wZwb c~e© evsjvi RbM‡Yi

43

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†kL gywRe †k‡ievsjv G †K dRjyj n‡Ki†bZ…Z¡vaxb hy³d«›U gwš¿mfvq K…wl, K…wlFY,ebRm¤ú` I mgevqgš¿x wbhy³ nb| wKš‘cvwK¯Ív‡bi †K›`ªxq kvmKPµ evOvwji GBivR‰bwZK weRq‡K bm¨vr Ki‡Z wØav K‡iwb|c~e© evsjvq 1935 mv‡ji fviZ kvmb AvB‡bi92-†K aviv Rvwi K‡i †K‡›`ªi kvmb Pvjy Kiv nq

`vwe, AwaKvi I ¯^v‡_©i Rb¨ AbeiZ †mv”Pvi n‡Z _v‡Kb| cÖ¯ÍvweZLmov msweav‡b Ôc~e© evsjvÕi bvg cvwë‡q c~e© cvwK¯Ívb ivLv n‡j wZwbGi we‡ivwaZv K‡ib Ges bZzb bvgKi‡Yi Av‡M RbM‡Yi gZvgZ†bIqvi Avek¨KZvi K_v D‡jøL K‡ib| wZwb G cÖm‡½ e‡jb: “Sir,you will see that they want to place the word ‘East Pakistan’instead of ‘East Bengal’. We have demanded so many timesthat you should make Bengal. The word ‘Bengal’ has a histo-ry, has a tradition of its own. You can change it only after thepeople have been consulted. If you want to change it then wewill have to go back to Bengal and ask them whether theyaccept it. So far as the question of One-Unit is concerned itcan come in the constitution. Why do you want to be taken upjust now? What about the state language, Bengali? Whatabout joint electorate? What about autonomy? The people ofEast Bengal will be prepared to consider One-unit with allthese things. So, I appeal to my friends on that side to allowthe people to give their verdict in any way, in the form of ref-erendum or in the form of plebiscite.’

A‡±ve‡i AvIqvgx gymwjg jx‡Mi evwl©K m‡¤§j‡b †kL gywRemvaviY m¤úv`‡Ki wi‡cvU© Dc¯’vcb K‡ib| GB m‡¤§j‡b msMVb‡KGKwU Amv¤úª`vwqK msMV‡b iƒcvšÍwiZ Kiv nq| G cÖm‡½ e½eÜzie³e¨ Zz‡j aiv n‡jv: Ô†h mg‡q AvIqvgx gymwjg jx‡Mi Rb¥ nq,ZLbKvi ev¯Íe cÖ‡qvRb Abyhvqx Avgv‡ì msMVb‡K GKwU Ômv¤úª`vwqKcÖwZôvb wn‡m‡e M‡o Zzj‡Z n‡qwQj| gymwjg jxM cvwK¯Ív‡bi RbM‡Yiag©vbyiv‡Mi my‡hv‡M Bmjvg‡K nvwZqvi K‡iB Zvi kvmb Ae¨vnZ†i‡LwQj| RbMYI ZLb jxM miKv‡ii weåvwšÍ n‡Z wb‡R‡ì m¤ú~Y©iƒ‡cgy³ Ki‡Z mÿg nqwb| GB Ae¯’vq Avgv‡ì msMb‡K Amv¤úª`vwqKKiv m¤¢e n‡jI gymwjg jx‡Mi cÖwZwµqvkxj cÖfv‡ei †gvKvwejv KiviKv‡R Zv e¨_© n‡Zv| wKš‘ eZ©gv‡b †m Ae¯’v Avi †bB| .... AvgivwØavnxb wP‡Ë G K_v †MvlYv Ki‡Z cvwi †h, †`‡ki me a‡g©i, me e‡Y©iGes me fvlvfvlx gvbyl‡K GKwU MYcÖwZôv‡b mg‡eZ Kiv cÖ‡qvRb|e¯‘Z AvIqvgx jxM `j‡K m¤úª`vq wbwe©‡k‡l me gvby‡li Rb¨ AevwiZKivi ga¨ w`‡qB Avgiv Avgv‡ì cÖMwZkxj f‚wgKv‡K AÿzYœ ivL‡Zmÿg ne|

19561956 mv‡ji 9 †deªæqvwi me‡ÿ‡Î c~e© evsjvi mgvb AwaKvi cÖwZôvi`vwe Rvwb‡q MYcwil‡` GK e³…Zvq wZwb e‡jb,

‘My friends have told just now why this inferioritycomplex? Sometimes we ponder, why this inferiori-ty complex on both sides? For seven years EastPakistan was in a majority and there was that inferi-ority complex “that we are in a minority and let uslive together as brothers and Pakistan. For this rea-son accept parity.’East Pakistan has a population of 56 percent andWest Pakistan has only 44 percent population. Witha view to establishing good relations and to ensureco-operation and to remove any misunderstandingcreated in both the wings by the ruling clique forPakistan will feel confident and they will shake offtheir inferiority complex and they will be our broth-ers and they will do justice to the people of EastPakistan. I have referred to this before severaltimes.... Why in the matter of Services we should have pari-ty? People of East Bengal claim parity today; weclaim representation according to population, in thematter of Services. They will not accept it, it was apromise of the leaders of West Pakistan that parity

not only in representation but, in all respects,Services, etc. shall be ensured. Now you are goingback on promises, which you made at Muree andKarachi. We the people of East Pakistan and we therepresentatives of East Pakistan claim parity in allmatters. We should be guided in all things on popu-lation basis. Not only in there matters of representa-tion, there should be parity in the services-Defense-everything, we will have parity. We will fight to thelast.’

16 †m‡Þ¤î AvZvDi ingvb Lv‡bi †bZ…‡Z¡ c~e© evsjvq AvIqvgxjxM miKvi MwVZ nq| G‡Z †kL gywRe evwYR¨, wkí I kÖg Ges `yb©xwZ`gb wefv‡Mi gš¿x wn‡m‡e †hvM`vb K‡ib| G mgq ivRbxwZ IAvgjvZ‡š¿i cvi¯úwiK m¤úK© †Kgb nIqv DwPZ, G wel‡q cÖavbgš¿xAvZvDi ingvb Lv‡bi m‡½ Zuvi gZv‰bK¨ nq| gywRe ivR‰bwZK†bZ…Z¡‡K me mgq AvgjvZ‡š¿i E‡aŸ© ¯’vb †Ìqvi K_v e‡jb| GKRbM‡elK welqwU wb¤œwjwLZfv‡e e¨vL¨v K‡i‡QbÑ

‘Ataur Rahman khan, as the chief Minister leadingthe administration, strongly believed in the tradition-al concept of an apolitical bureaucracy functioningindependently of any political pressure to implementthe declared policies of the government without hav-ing to be accountable to the functionaries of the rul-ing party. on the other hand, Shiekh MujiburRahman as the party Secretary, aspiring to buld astrong cadre based party organization and being verymuch aware of the near hostile attitude of thebureaucracy towards his party’s plans and programs,insisted on the constant vigil by pray workers on theadministrators at different levels and areas of admin-istration.’ (Shymati Gosh, The Awami League, P-29).

1957AvIqvgx jx‡Mi HwZnvwmK KvMgvix m‡¤§j‡b ÔGK †bZv GK c`Õ bxwZM„nxZ n‡j AvIqvgx jx‡Mi mvaviY m¤úv`K †kL gywReyi ingvb 30 †gwbwØ©avq gwš¿Z¡ Z¨vM K‡ib Ges `‡ji mvsMVwbK Kv‡R AvZ¥wb‡qvMK‡ib| GB eQ‡ii 7 AvM÷ wZwb mgvRZvwš¿K Pxb I †mvwf‡qZ md‡ihvb|

19587 A‡±vei cvwK¯Ív‡b mvgwiK AvBb Rvwi nq| 11 A‡±vei †kL gywRe†MÖdZvi nb| ermivwaKKvj KvivšÍiv‡j KvUv‡bvi ci wZwb 1959mv‡ji wm‡m¤^‡i gyw³ jvf K‡ib| wKš‘ †Rj †M‡U Zuv‡K cybivq †MÖdZviKiv nq|

19611961 mv‡j †kL gywRe nvB‡Kv‡U©i wiU Av‡e`‡b Rqjvf K‡i KvivMvi†_‡K gyw³jvf K‡ib| mvgwiK kvm‡bi RuvZvK‡j gvbyl wb‡®úwlZ n‡Zn‡Z eQ‡ii †kl bvMv` Rb‡ivl a~gvwqZ n‡Z ïiæ K‡i| G Ae¯’vqAv‡›`vjb ïiæi cÖwµqv wb‡q AvIqvgx jxM Ges KwgDwb÷ cvwU©i g‡a¨†Mvcb Av‡jvPbv AbywôZ nq| G Av‡jvPbvq Ask †bb AvIqvgx jx‡Mic‡ÿ †kL gywRe I gvwbK wgqv Ges KwgDwb÷ cvwU©i c‡ÿ gwY wmsn I†LvKv ivq| Av‡jvPbvq †kL gywRe c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡bi ¯^vaxbZvi RbÄv‡›`vjb ïiæi K_v e‡jb| Kg‡iW †LvKv ivq Zvi AvZ¥Rxebxg~jKMÖ‡š’ G e¨vcv‡i †h Z_¨ Zz‡j a‡i‡Qb, Zv wb‡P D×…Z Kiv n‡jv:

ÔAv‡›`vj‡bi `vwe wb‡q Av‡jvPbvi mgq †kL gywReyiingvb evievi e‡jwQ‡jb †h, cvÄv‡ei weM weR‡bm †hfv‡ec~e© cvwK¯Ívb‡K †kvlY KiwQj Ges `vwe‡q ivLwQj, Zv‡Z

44

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I‡ì mv‡_ Avgv‡ì _vKv Pj‡e bv| ZvB GLb †_‡KB ¯^vaxbc~e© cvwK¯Ív‡bi Rb¨ Av‡›`vjb M‡o Zzj‡Z n‡e, Av‡›`vj‡bi†cÖvMÖv‡g IB `vwe ivL‡Z n‡e BZ¨vw`| ZLb Avgiv (Avwg IgwY `v) †kL gywRe‡K eywS‡qwQjvg †h, KwgDwb÷ cvwU©bxwZMZfv‡e ¯^vaxb c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡bi `vwe mg_©b K‡i; wKš‘ †m`vwe wb‡q cÖZ¨ÿ Av‡›`vj‡bi cwiw¯’wZ ZL‡bv wQj bv|Ô¯^vaxb c~e© cvwK¯ÍvbÕ `vwe wb‡q IBme Av‡jvPbvi c‡iiêV‡K †kL gywRe Avgv‡ì Rvwb‡qwQ‡jb, ÔfvB, GeviAvcbv‡ì K_v †g‡b wbjvg| Avgv‡ì †bZvI (A_©vr†mvnivIqv`©x) Avcbv‡ì e³e¨ mg_©b K‡ib| ZvB GLbKvig‡Zv †mUv †g‡b wb‡qwQ| wKš‘ Avgv‡ì K_vUv _vKj|Õ e½eÜz†kL gywReyi ingvb 1961 mb †_‡KB ¯^vaxb evsjv‡`‡ki ¯^cœ†`‡LwQ‡jb|Õ (msMÖv‡gi wZb `kK, 1986, c„.182-183)|

196230 Rvbyqvwi †nv‡mb knx` †mvnivIqv`©x †MÖdZvi n‡j e¨vcK QvÎAv‡›`vjb ïiæ nq| 6 †deªæqvwi RbwbivcËv AvB‡b †kL gywRe‡K†MÖdZvi Kiv nq| 18 Ryb wZwb Qvov cvb| Ry‡b AvBqye Lvb wbR wPšÍv-†PZbvcÖm~Z msweavb Rvwi K‡ib| G msweavb cÖZ¨vL¨vb K‡i weL¨vZ Ôbq†bZvi wee„wZÕ cÖKvwkZ nq| G 9 †bZvi Ab¨Zg wQ‡jb †kL gywRe| Gwee„wZ‡Z RbM‡Yi msweavb, c~Y© msm`xq eë¯’v, †gŠwjK AwaKv‡iiwbðqZv Ges c~e© I cwðg cvwK¯Ív‡bi êlg¨ wbim‡bi `vwe Kiv nq|

1963†deªæqvwi‡Z XvKv wek^we`¨vj‡qi AZ¨šÍ RbwcÖq fvBm P¨v‡Ýji gvngy`†nv‡mb‡K miKvi c`Z¨vM Ki‡Z eva¨ K‡i| G e¨vcv‡i †kL gywRewee„wZ †`b:

ÔeZ©gvb kvmKPµ ïaygvÎ †`‡ki cÖkvmwbK e¨vcv‡iB bq,Ggb wK wkÿvi †ÿ‡ÎI †h weiƒc `gbbxwZ, wbcxob Iwbh©vZ‡bi AvkÖq jq, XvKv wek^we`¨vj‡qi fvBm P¨v‡Ýj‡iieva¨Zvg~jK c`Z¨vM Zvnvi GKwU R¦jšÍ wb`k©b| Bnvi d‡jcÖ‡`‡ki m‡e©v”P wkÿv cÖwZôv‡bi cweÎZv bó n‡q‡Q| ...G‡ÿ‡Î Ggb GKwU ¯^vqËkvwmZ cÖwZôvb hvnvi cweÎZv bóKiv DwPZ bq Ges c„w_exi m‡e©v”Pv MYZvwš¿K miKvimg~nhvnvi cÖwZ me©‡Zvfv‡e m¤§vb cÖ`k©b Kwiqv _v‡K †m †ÿ‡Î†cÖwm‡W‡›Ui wK DwPZ bq Zvnvi Aa¯Íb‡ì bMœ n¯Í‡ÿc I`gbbxwZi e¨vcviwU LwZ‡q †`Lv? RbmvaviY G K_v wbðqBwePvi Kwi‡Z cv‡i †h, Avgv‡ì eZ©gvb kvmbZš¿ wKfv‡eQvÎ‡ì weqlwU jBqv wQwbwgwb †Lwj‡Z‡Q| mv¤úªwZK Kv‡j†`‡ki me©Î G‡Ki ci GK Ae¨vnZ MwZ‡Z QvÎ‡ì‡K†MÖdZvi Kiv Bnvi Av‡iKwU cÖgvY| GgZve¯’vq ivRbxwZKivwb‡R‡ì e¨w³MZ ¯^v‡_©v×v‡ii Rb¨ QvÎ mgvR‡K Kv‡RjvMvB‡Z‡Q GB ewjqv Zvnv‡ì MjvevwR wK g~L©Zvm~jf †`Lvqbv?Õ (msev`, 14 †deªæqvwi 1963)|

1964eQ‡ii ïiæ‡ZB c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡b mv¤úª`vwqK `v½v ïiæ nq| cÖMwZkxjivR‰bwZK †bZv I eyw×Rxex‡ì D‡`¨v‡M `v½v cÖwZ‡iva KwgwU MV‡b†bZ…Z¡¯’vbxq f‚wgKv cvjb K‡ib †kL gywRe| KwgwUi D‡`¨v‡M Ôc~e©cvwK¯Ívb iæwLqv ùvovIÕ kxl©K HwZnvwmK cÖPvicÎ cKvk Kiv nq| GBcÖPvic‡Îi cÖKvk‡Ki m‡½ RwoZ _vKvi Rb¨ †kL gywRe‡K †MÖdZviKiv nq|

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Rvbyqvwi AvIqvgx jx‡Mi IqvwK©s KwgwUi mfv nq| G‡Z ZvRDwÏbAvng` AvIqvgx jx‡Mi cybiæ¾xeb I cybM©V‡bi cÖ¯Íve K‡ib| h‡kvigwkDi ingvb cÖ¯ÍvewU mg_©b K‡ib| 31 Rb m`‡mï g‡a¨ 23 R‡biDcw¯’wZ‡Z me©m¤§Zfv‡e G cÖ¯Íve cvm nq| Qq gv‡mi g‡a¨ `‡jiKvDwÝj Abyôv‡bi wm×všÍ nq| `‡ji †gwb‡d‡÷v cÖ¯‘ZKi‡Yi Rb¨GKwU KwgwU MwVZ nq| KwgwUi m`mïv n‡jbÑ Aa¨vcK nv‡dR nvweeyiingvb, W. Avjxg Avj ivRx, ˆmq` bRiæj Bmjvg, †eMg †iv‡KqvAv‡bvqvi, Ave`yi ingvb Lvb I ZvRDwÏb Avng`| 6 gvP© AvIqvgxjx‡Mi KvDwÝj AbywôZ nq| G KvDwÝ‡j GKwU AvaywbK, cÖMwZkxj-MYZvwš¿K, RvZxqZvev`x Kj¨vYg~jK mgvR wbg©v‡Yvc‡hvMx †gwb‡d‡÷vMÖnY Kiv nq| mvaviY m¤úv`K †kL gywRe GB KvDwÝ‡j †h wi‡cvU©Dc¯’vcb K‡ib, Zvi wKQz Ask cvVK‡ì Rb¨ D×…Z Kiv n‡jv:

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gv‡P© me©`jxq msMÖvg cwil` MwVZ nq| Gi AvnŸvqK wQ‡jb †kLgywRe| msMÖvg cwil‡ì D‡`¨v‡M me©Rbxb †fvUvwaKvi wèm cvwjZ nq|

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1. mve©Rbxb †fvUvwaKv‡ii wfwË‡Z AvBbmfvi wbe©vPb Ges †K‡›`ª†dWv‡ij miKvi| 2. †dWv‡ij miKv‡ii nv‡Z _vK‡e ïay †`k iÿvGes ciivóª `dZi; Ab¨vb¨ `dZi cÖ‡`‡ki nv‡Z †Q‡o w`‡Z n‡e| 3.`yB cÖ‡`‡ki Rb¨ c„_K A_P mnR wewbgq †hvM¨ gy`ªv _vK‡e A_ev `yBcÖ‡`‡ki Rb¨ Awfbœ gy`ªv _vK‡e; †m †ÿ‡Î c~e© †_‡K cwðg cvwK¯Ív‡bcyuwR cvPvi iwnZKi‡Yi mvsweavwbK weavb _vK‡e| 4. ivR¯^ wba©viY IAv`vq Ki‡e cÖ‡`k¸‡jv| 5. `yB cÖ‡`‡ki ê‡`wkK gy`ªv Av‡qi Avjv`vwnmve _vK‡e, †K›`ªxq miKv‡ii cÖ‡qvRbxq A_© Dfq cÖ‡`k AvbycvwZKnv‡i †hvMvb w`‡e, †`kxq c‡Yï Dci Dfq cÖ‡`‡k †Kv‡bv Ki avh© Kivhv‡e bv, cÖ‡`k¸‡jv mvsweavwbK weavb †gvZv‡eK we‡`‡k evwYwR¨KcÖwZwbwa`j †cÖiY I evwYR¨ Pzw³ ¯^vÿi Ki‡Z cvi‡e| 6. c~e©cvwK¯Ív‡bi Rb¨ Avjv`v wgwjwkqv ev c¨viv wgwjUvwi evwnbx _vK‡e|

18 gvP© AvIqvgx jx‡Mi KvDwÝj AbywôZ nq| G‡Z 1443 RbKvDwÝj‡ii Dcw¯’wZ‡Z †kL gywRe `‡ji mfvcwZ wbe©vwPZ nb| mvaviYm¤úv`K wbe©vwPZ nb ZvRDwÏb Avng`| 20 gvP© XvKvq AvBqye Lv‡bigymwjg jx‡Mi KvDwÝj Awa‡ekb †kl nq| G‡Z AvBqye Lvb A‡¯¿ifvlv cÖ‡qv‡Mi ûgwK †`b| wZwb e‡jb,

... the nation should be prepared to face even a civilwar if thrusted upon her by the disruptionists to pre-serve the integrity and solidarity of the country... theresults of the civil war were always berrible but wehave to accept the challenge it forced upon us bythose trying to wreck national unity ... if necessarywe would use the language of weapon.’ (cvwK¯ÍvbAeRvifvi, 21 gvP© 1966)|

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e½eÜz 27 †deªæqvwi AvBqye Lv‡bi Avn~Z †Mvj‡Uwej êV‡K †hvM†`b| 10 gv‡P©i †Mvj‡Uwej eV‡Ki Awa‡ek‡b e½eÜz 6 dv I 11 dvimc‡ÿ AZ¨šÍ †Rviv‡jv e³e¨ Dc¯’vcb K‡ib| wKš‘ me©Rbxb†fvUvwaKvi I msm`xq c×wZi †dWv‡ij miKvi Qvov 6 `dv I 11 `dviAvi †Kv‡bv `vwe gvbv nqwb| d‡j e½eÜz †Mvj‡Uwej êVK eR©b K‡ib|b¨v‡ci †gvRvddi Avng` Qvov ÔWvKÕfz³ Avi †Kv‡bv †bZv Zuv‡K mg_©bK‡ibwb| d‡j wZwb ÔWvKÕ-Gi m‡½I m¤úK© wQbœ K‡ib| 25 gvP© AvBqyeLvb †mbvevwnbx cÖavb †Rbv‡ij Bqvwnqv Lv‡bi AbyK‚‡j c`Z¨vM Ki‡jcvwK Ív‡b wØZxqevi mvgwiK AvBb Rvwi nq| 5 wW‡m¤i †mvnivIqv ©xig„Zz evwl©Kxi Av‡jvPbvq e½eÜz †NvlYv K‡ib, evOvwji Avevmf‚wg‡Kevsjv‡`k bv‡g AwfwnZ Kiv n‡e Avi c~e© cvwK Ívb ev c~e© evsjv bq|

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19713 Rvbyqvwi †im‡Kvm© gq`v‡b AvIqvgx jx‡Mi bewbe©vwPZ cwil`m`m¨‡ì Qq `dvi wfwË‡Z kvmbZš¿ iPbvi kc_ Kivb e½eÜz| 5Rvbyqvwi e½eÜz AvIqvgx jxM cvj©v‡g›Uvwi `‡ji †bZv wbe©vwPZ nb| 13†deªæqvwi Bqvwnqv Lvb 3 gvP© XvKvq RvZxq cwil‡ì mfv AvnŸvb

K‡ib| fz‡Æv GB mfv eqKU Ki‡eb e‡j †NvlYv w`‡j msL¨vMwiô `‡ji†bZv wn‡m‡e e½eÜz Zvi Zxeª mgv‡jvPbv K‡ib| 1 gvP© †cÖwm‡W›U RvZxqcwil‡ì mfv ¯’wMZ K‡ib| Gi cÖwZev‡` e½eÜzi Wv‡K 3 gvP© niZvjcvwjZ nq| 7B gvP© e½eÜz †im‡Kvm© gq`v‡b Zuvi HwZnvwmK fvl‡YÔGev‡ii msMÖvg Avgv‡ì gyw³i msMÖvg, Gev‡ii msMÖvg Avgv‡ì¯^vaxbZvi msMÖvgÕ e‡j †NvlYv K‡ib| QvÎ-RbZv, ivR‰bwZK †bZvKg©x,mvgwiK e¨w³Z¡ Z_v ¯^vaxbZvKvgx Avcvgi evOvwj RbZvi Kv‡Q G fvlYwQj ¯^vaxbZv hy‡× Suvwc‡q covi meyR ms‡KZ¯îƒc| ¯^vaxbZvi †NvlKwel‡q mv¤úªwZK mg‡q weåvwšÍ m„wóKvix‡ì Ab¨Zg cÖavb †j. †Rbv‡ijgxi kIKZ Avjx‡K GKRb mvsevw`K Ô¯^vaxbZvi †NvlK †KÕÑ G cÖkœKi‡j wZwb †h DËi †`b Zv GiKg:

ÔAvcbvi we‡eK‡KB wRÁvmv K‡ib| GUv Ab¯xKvh© †h 25Ges 26 †k gvP©, Õ71-Gi Pig gyn~‡Z© cÖwZwU evOvwji g‡bB¯vaxbZvi K_v cÖwZaŸwbZ n‡q‡Q| †mB wn‡m‡e cÖwZwU evOvwj†mw`b n‡q wQj ¯vaxbZvi G‡KKRb †NvlK| wKš‘ †K †mBgnvb †bZv, whwb †mw`b AšÍiv‡j †_‡KI cÖwZwU evOvwj‡KRywM‡qwQ‡jb GB mvnm? Kvi AvnŸv‡b evOvwj †mw`b †c‡qwQj¯^vaxbZvi †cÖiYv| 7B gvP© XvKvi †im‡Kvm© gq`v‡b(cieZ©xKv‡j †mvnivIqv ©x D`¨vb) †K RvwZ‡K ¯vaxbZvi WvKïwb‡qwQ‡jb? 26 †k gvP© mÜ¨v †_‡K cieZ©x mg‡q PÆMÖv‡gig~j †eZvi †K› ª †_‡K wbivc` ~i‡Z¡ KvjyiNvU UªvÝwgUv‡iAe ’vb K‡i hviv ¯vaxbZvi K_v ej‡jb, wewfbœ †NvlYv cÖPviKi‡jb, †K Zuv‡ì †mw`‡bi †cÖiYvi Drm wQ‡jb? Kvi c‡ÿZuviv cÖPvi K‡iwQ‡jb †mme †NvlYv, ¯vaxbZvi K_v? Kv‡RBejyb †K Avgv‡ì ¯vaxbZvi ’cwZ? †K ev Kviv †NvlK wQ‡jb,†mUv wK ïay AvbyôvwbKZv wQj bv? GB AvbyôvwbKZvi weZ‡K©Avwg Rwo‡q co‡Z PvB bv|Õ (kvgmyj û`v †PŠayix, GKvË‡iiiYv½b (XvKv: 1984, c„. 166-167)|

16 gvP© ÿgZv n¯ÍvšÍi wel‡q gywRe-Bqvwnqv Av‡jvPbv ïiæ nq|25†k gvP© Av‡jvPbv e¨_© n‡j Bqvwnqv XvKv Z¨vM K‡ib| Avi w`‡q hvbme©vZ¥K µ¨vKWvD‡bi wb‡`©k| cvwK¯Ívwb nvbv`vi evwnbx 25†k gvP©KvjivwÎ‡Z ïiæ K‡i BwZnv‡mi GK fqven nZ¨vhÁ| 25†k gvP© iv‡Zïiæ K‡i BwZnv‡mi GK fqven nZ¨vhÁ| 25 †k gvP© gaïv‡Zi c‡ie½eÜz ¯^vaxbZvi †NvlYvq wZwb e‡jb, ‘This may meb may lastmessage, from to-day Bangladesh is independent. I call uponthe people of Bangladesh wherever you might be and withwhatever you have, to resist the armuy of occupation to thelast. Your fight must go on until the last soldier of the Pakistanoccupation army is expelled from the soil of Bangladesh.Final victory is ours.Õ

e½eÜzi ¯^vaxbZvi GB †NvlYv Iq¨vi‡jm gvidZ cÖPvwiZ nq| c‡iPÆMÖvg †eZvi †_‡K wewfbœ e¨w³ e½eÜzi c‡ÿ ¯^vaxbZvi c‡ÿ †NvlYvcvV K‡ib| 25†k gvP© iv‡ZB e½eÜz‡K †MÖdZvi Kiv nq| 9 gvmgyw³hy× PjvKvjxb gywRebMi miKv‡ii ivóªcwZ wbhy³ nb e½eÜz| ZuviAeZ©gv‡bB Zuvi †bZ…‡Z¡ 9 gv‡mi giYcY hy‡×i gva¨‡g evsjv‡`k ¯^vaxbnq|*

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cÖ¯Ívebvq e½eÜz D‡jL K‡ib, GB msweav‡b gvbweK AwaKvi_vK‡e, †h AwaKvi gvbyl wPiRxeb †fvM Ki‡Z cv‡i| e½eÜzcvwK¯Ív‡bi BwZnvm Zz‡j a‡i e‡jb, ÔAvgiv MZ 23 eQ‡i Kx †`‡LwQÑkvmbZ‡š¿i bv‡g AkvmbZš¿, RbM‡Yi wbivcËvi bv‡g gvk©vj jÕ,RbM‡Yi `vwe Av`v‡qi bv‡g cÖZviYv| Avi evsjv‡`‡ki K_v DV‡jBÕwn›`y¯’v‡bi `vjvjÕÑ GB ai‡bi K_v mviv Rxeb ï‡b AvmwQ| †mmehv‡Z G‡`k †_‡K D‡V hvq, †mRb¨ me©vZ¥K †Póv Ki‡Z n‡e Ges †mwel‡q mK‡ji mn‡hvwMZv Kvgbv KiwQ|Õ

AZ¨šÍ `~i`k©x e½eÜz Zuvi cÖ¯Íve †ckKv‡j c‡` c‡` GKwU MYgyLxmsweavb cÖYq‡bi K_v evievi D‡jL K‡i‡Qb| e³e¨ †kl Kivi Av‡MAvev‡iv e‡j‡Qb, ÔRbve w¯úKvi mv‡ne, Avcwb GB cwil‡ì w¯úKvin‡q‡Qb| Avevi Avcbv‡K Rvbv‡Z PvB †h, Avgiv GKwU MYgyLx msweavbˆZwi Ki‡Z PvB Ges †mB m‡½ GB Avk^vm w`‡Z PvB †h, Avcwb hZ¶Ywbi‡c¶ _vK‡eb, Avgv‡ì KvQ †_‡K c~Y© mn‡hvwMZv cv‡eb|Õ

1972 mv‡ji 12 A‡±vei evsjv‡`k MYcwil‡ì wØZxq Awa‡ek‡bLmov msweavb we‡ji Ici Av‡jvPbvq MYcwil` †bZv RvwZi RbKe½eÜz †kL gywReyi ingvb e³…Zv K‡ib| wZwb e‡jb, ÔcÖvq 72 w`bAvgv‡ì GB KwgwUi m`mïv KvR K‡i‡Qb, wPšÍv K‡i‡Qb, Av‡jvPbvK‡i‡Qb Ges c„w_exi mg¯Í msweavb hZ`~i m¤¢e †`Lv‡kvbv K‡i GKwULmov AvR GB MYcwil‡` †ck Ki‡Z †c‡i‡Qb|Õ Gici e½eÜzcvwK¯Ívb miKv‡ii wbôziZvi 20 eQ‡ii BwZnvm Zz‡j a‡i e‡jb, ÔAvwgRvwb bv Avcbv‡ì memory short wKbv| evsjvi gvbyl fz‡j hvq wKbv| G‡ì cvkweK AZ¨vPviÑ cïi g‡Zv, ee©‡ii g‡Zv, hv‡Z wnUjviIj¾v cvq, hv‡Z nvjvKz LvbI j¾v cvq, hv‡Z †Pw½m LvbI j¾v cvq|AZ¨vPvi K‡i‡Q evsjv‡`‡ki gvwU‡Z| AvR evsjv‡`‡ki MYcwil‡ìm`mïv †mB i³‡jLv w`‡q kvmbZš¿ w`‡Z Pvb| kvmbZš¿ Qvov †Kv‡bv†`k Pj‡Z cv‡i bv|Õ

G mg‡q RvwZi RbK D‡jL K‡ib, ÔfviZ ¯^vaxb nq 1947 mv‡j|kvmbZš¿ w`‡Z jvM‡jv 1950 mvj| 25 eQ‡i Z`vbxšÍb cvwK¯ÍvbmiKvi kvmbZš¿ w`‡Z cv‡i bvB| Z`vbxšÍb MYcwil‡ì m`mïv †hUvK‡iwQj, †mUv D‡Ïk¨ nvwmj Kivi Rb¨, evsjvi gvbyl‡K †kvlY KiviRb¨| wKš‘ cv‡i bvB| RvMÖZ mgvR i³ w`‡Z wk‡L‡Q| †h RvwZ gi‡Zwk‡L‡Q, Zv‡K `vwe‡q ivLv hvq bv|Õ

e½eÜz Abjel©x e³v wQ‡jb| wZwb e‡j hvb, Ôw¯úKvi mv‡ne,RvwZms‡Ni cÖwZwbwa evsjv‡`‡k G‡mwQ‡jb| 80 Rb cÖwZwbwa evsjv‡`kmv‡f© K‡i‡Qb| Zuviv wi‡cvU© w`‡q‡Qb, MZ gnvhy‡× hLb †MÖU weª‡Ub,d«vÝ, Av‡gwiKv I ivwkqv Rvg©vwb AvµgY K‡i Ges Rvg©vwb‡K c`vbZK‡i, ZLb Rvg©vwb †hiKg aŸsm n‡qwQj, †mB iKg mgcwigv‡Y aŸsmn‡q‡Q evsjv‡`k| GUv evsjv‡`‡ki †k‡Li K_v bq, GUv RvwZms‡NicÖwZwbwa‡ì K_v, hviv evsjv‡`k mv‡f© K‡i‡Qb| hviv BwZnvm c‡obbvB ev †kv‡bb bvB, Zviv Rv‡bb bv †h, Rvg©vwbi †jvK GK eQi, †òeQi ïay iæwU †L‡q wQj| hviv BwZnvm c‡ob bvB ev †kv‡bb bvB, ZvivRv‡bb bv †h, ivwkqvi wec‡ei c‡i GKgvÎ †jwbbMÖv‡` 12 j¶ †jvKkx‡Z gviv wM‡qwQj| wec‡ei ga¨ w`‡q ¯^vaxbZv Avbvi ci †`‡ki hvAe¯’v nq, hviv BwZnvm c‡ob bvB ev †kv‡bb bvB, Zviv Zv Rv‡bb bv|hy‡Mv¯øvwfqvi Kx Ae¯’v n‡qwQj, Zv Zviv Rv‡bb bv| B÷vb© Kvw›Uª¸‡jviKx Ae¯’v n‡qwQj, Zv Zviv Rv‡bb bv| evg©v Ges B‡›`v‡bwkqvi Kx Ae¯’vn‡qwQj, Zv Zviv Rv‡bb bv| evsjvi Ae¯’v Av‡iv †kvPbxq wQj| KviYevsjv‡`k hv‡ì nv‡Z wQj, Zviv gvbyl wQj bv, wQj Agvbyl| Zviv gvbylbq, gvby‡li †P‡q Aag, Zviv cï| Zviv gvbyl‡K nZ¨v K‡i‡Q| wmsn,evN hLb gvbyl‡K nZ¨v K‡i, ZLb GK AvNv‡Z nZ¨v K‡i| wKš‘cvwK¯Ívwb cïi `j Avgvi G‡KK Rb Kg©x‡K a‡i wb‡q gv‡mi ci gvmAZ¨vPvi K‡i nZ¨v K‡i‡Q| Avgvi j¶ j¶ Kg©x‡K Zviv nZ¨v K‡i‡Q|`yÕj¶ gv-†ev‡bi Ici cvkweK AZ¨vPvi K‡i‡Q cvwK¯Ív‡bi ee©i evwn-bxi ˆmbïv| Avgv‡K G‡ì cybe©vm‡bi eë¯’v Ki‡Z n‡e| `ytLx gvby‡ligy‡L nvwm †dvUv‡Z n‡e| evsjvi gvbyl‡K Kgc‡¶ †L‡q euvP‡Z n‡e|`ywbqvi gvby‡li Kv‡Q Avwcj K‡iwQjvg| `ywbqvi gvbyl GwM‡q G‡m‡Q|mvnvh¨ Avgv‡ì `ywbqvi gvbyl K‡i‡Q| eÜziv‡óªi mvnvh¨ wb‡q AvgivcÖ_g jovB ïiæ K‡iwQjvg `ywf©‡¶i weiæ‡×| `ywbqvi gvbyl Avgv‡Ke‡jwQj, 50 j¶ †jvK evsjv‡`‡k bv †L‡q iv¯Ívq gviv hv‡e| KZUzKzKi‡Z †c‡iwQ Rvwb bv| ïay GUzKz Rvwb, †Póvi ÎæwU Kwi bvB| Rvwb,Ae¯’v fqven| weivU fq, AvNvZ eo, weivU AvNvZ| aŸsm eo, weivUaŸsm| GKUv Mv‡Qi dj n‡Z 6 eQi mgq jv‡M| aŸsm¯Í~c GB weaŸ¯Íevsjv‡K M‡o Zvi gvby‡li gy‡L nvwm †dvUv‡Z Kx jv‡M, Zv hviv M‡o,ZvivB ey‡S| eëmv-evwYR¨ eÜ n‡q †Mj| G K_v hw` Avwg ¯§iY bvKwi, Zvn‡j Ab¨vq n‡e| hw` 8 j¶-9 j¶ Ub Lv`¨ w`‡q fviZAvgv‡ì mvnvh¨ bv KiZ, hw` fviZ Lv`¨`ªe¨ bv w`Z, Zvn‡j †Kv‡bvmiKv‡ii c‡¶B m¤¢e wQj bv GB `ywf©‡¶i nvZ †_‡K evsjv‡K i¶v

54

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Kivi| AK…ZÁ n‡j Pj‡e bv| Rbve w¯úKvi mv‡ne, evsjv Avi wKQzn‡Z cv‡i, wKš‘ AK…ZÁ bq| AvR †h GK †KvwU †jvK‡K Lvevi †Ìqvn‡jv, †m K_v A¯^xKvi Kivi Dcvq bvB|Õ

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Gme BwZnvm A‡b‡KiB ARvbv| G Kvi‡Y evievi BwZnvmweK…wZi gva¨‡g cÖRb¥ †_‡K cÖRb¥všÍ‡i RbMY‡K weåvšÍ Kivi my‡hvM†c‡q‡Q wewfbœ mg‡q †`‡k `ye„©Ëvqb Ges `ytkvm‡bi Kv‡j|

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Gme cÖ‡kœi h_vh_ DË‡ii Rb¨ fviZxq Dcgnv‡`‡ki ¯^vaxbZvmsMÖv‡gi BwZnv‡m cvwK¯Ívb m„wói Aa¨v‡qi w`‡K `„wó †div‡bv cÖ‡qvRb|fviZ I cvwK¯Ívb m„wói cÖvq 40 eQi Av‡M †_‡K fvi‡Zi RbM‡Yi `ywUivR‰bwZK gyLcvÎ, Ks‡MÖm I gymwjg jxM ¯îvR I ¯^vqËkvm‡bi `vweK‡i AvmwQj| Government of India Act, 1935-Gi gva¨‡gweªwUk miKvi wKQz ¯^vqËkvmb cÖ`vb K‡i Ges GB AvB‡bi AvIZvqfvi‡Zi wewfbœ cÖ‡`‡k wbe©vPb AbywôZ nq| G¸‡jv Avm‡j wQjag©wfwËK ¯^Zš¿ wbe©vPb|

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1945 mv‡ji b‡f¤î †_‡K mgMÖ fviZe‡l© cÖv‡`wkK wbe©vPb ïiænq Ges gymwjg jxM IB wbe©vPbwU cvwK¯Ívb `vwei cÖwZ MY‡fvU wn‡m‡eMÖnY K‡i| Awef³ fvi‡Z evsjv wQj me©v‡c¶v e„nr GKK gymwjg-Aayy¨wlZ cÖ‡`k| †nv‡mb kwn` †mvnivIqv`©x I Aveyj nvwm‡gi †bZ…‡Z¡GK wekvj Kg©xevwnbx evsjvi MÖvgM‡Ä gymwjg jx‡Mi cvwK¯Ívb `vweimc‡¶ cÖejfv‡e cÖPviYv Pvjv‡Z _v‡K| we‡kl K‡i gymwjg QvÎjxMGes me ¯Í‡ii QvÎRbZv GB cÖPviYvq mwµqfv‡e AskMÖnY K‡i| G‡Zevsjvi K…lK Rb‡Mvôxi g‡b Avkv R‡b¥ †h, cvwK¯Ívb iv‡óª Zviv nvRvieQ‡ii eÂbvi nvZ †_‡K †invB cv‡e, ivóªhš¿ Zv‡ì n‡q K_v ej‡e|d‡j gymwjg jxM ALÐ evsjv cÖ‡`‡k wecyj †fv‡U Rqjvf K‡i| evsjvigymjgvb‡ì Rb¨ msiw¶Z 121wU Avm‡bi g‡a¨ 114wU Avmb jvf K‡iZviv| mgMÖ Dcgnv‡`‡k gymwjg jxM Avi †Kv_vI Ggb wecyj weRqcvqwb| fviZe‡l©i Ab¨vb¨ cÖ‡`kmn cvÄve, DËi-cwðg d«w›Uqvi cÖ‡`kI †ejywP¯Ív‡b msL¨vMwiô Avmb jvf Ki‡Z e¨_© n‡qwQj Zviv| †KejwmÜzcÖ‡`‡k Zviv AwZmvgvb¨ †fv‡Ui eëav‡b KóvwR©Z Rq jvf K‡i|

evsjvq gymwjg jx‡Mi Giƒc f‚wgam weR‡qi d‡j wRbœvni cvwK¯Ívbm„wói `vwewU weªwUk iv‡Rï Ici cÖfve †dj‡Z m¶g nq| G †_‡KcÖZxqgvb nq, Dcgnv‡`‡k cvwK¯Ívb m„wó‡Z evOvwj gymjgvb‡ìB gyLÄe`vb wQj| wbe©vP‡bi ci †mvnivIqv`©x 1946 mv‡ji 3 GwcÖj evsjvicÖavbgš¿xi `vwqZ¡ MÖnY K‡ib|

GLv‡b g‡b ivL‡Z n‡e, 1947-c~e©eZ©x eQi¸‡jvq KjKvZvqAa¨qbiZ †kL gywRe ivR‰bwZK Kg©x wn‡m‡e †mvnivIqv`©xi wek^¯ÍAbymvix wQ‡jb Ges Zuvi †bZ…‡Z¡ cvwK¯Ívb `vwei mg_©‡b 1945-46-Giwbe©vP‡b mwµq f‚wgKv †i‡LwQ‡jb|

G mgq 1946 mv‡ji 9 GwcÖj w`wj‡Z AbywôZ gymwjg jx‡Mieë¯’vcK mfvi m`m¨‡ì m‡¤§j‡b wRbœvni civg‡k© †mvnivIqv`©x GKKcvwK¯Ívb iv‡óªi cÖ¯Íve DÌvcb K‡ib| IB mfvq evsjvi gymwjg jx‡Mi†bZviv QvovI fvi‡Zi Ab¨vb¨ cÖ‡`‡ki gymwjg jx‡Mi me †bZvB GKKcvwK¯Ív‡bi c‡¶ gZvgZ cÖ`vb K‡ib| d‡j GKK cvwK¯Ív‡bi cÖ¯ÍveM„nxZ nq| hwÌ w`wj mfvi cÖ¯Íve me©fviZxq jv‡nvi cÖ¯Ív‡ei IcicÖvavb¨ cv‡e wK bv, †m cÖkœI evOvwj †bZv‡ì c¶ †_‡K DÌvcb Kivnq; wKš‘ Zv †kl ch©šÍ †UKv‡bv m¤¢e nqwb|

1947 mv‡ji cÖ_gw`‡K e½xq gymwjg jx‡Mi †bZviv Zv‡ì fzjeyS‡Z cv‡ib Ges †mvnivIqv`©x I Aveyj nvwmg ¯^vaxb evsjv‡`k cÖwZôvi†Póv K‡ib| wKš‘ ZLb A‡bK †`wi n‡q †M‡Q| wRbœvn wKQzUv †gŠbm¤§wZw`‡jI †K›`ªxq Ks‡MÖ‡mi we‡ivwaZvi gy‡L G cÖ‡Póv e¨_© nq| 1947

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mv‡ji 18 RyjvB Indian Independence Act, 1947-Gi gva¨‡gcvwK¯Ívb I fviZ ¯^vaxb Kivi Rb¨ Bw¤úwiqvj cvj©v‡g›U wm×všÍ MÖnYK‡i|

wØRvwZ Z‡Ë¡i wfwË‡Z cvwK¯Ívb 1947 mv‡ji 14 AvM÷ ¯^vaxbn‡jI 11 AvM÷ MYcwil‡` cÖ`Ë cÖ_g bxwZwba©viYx e³…Zvq wRbœvn†cQ‡bi K_v fz‡j wM‡q mevB‡K wg‡jwg‡k mgvbfv‡e KvR Kivi AvnŸvbRvbvb| wZwb e‡jb, fwel¨‡Z ag©xqfv‡e bq, eis ivR‰bwZKfv‡e ivóªcwiPwjZ n‡e| (Hindus would cease to be Hindus andMuslims would cease to be Muslims.)

G‡Z g‡b nq, bZzb iv‡óª wZwb nq‡Zv wØRvwZ Z‡Ë¡i cwie‡Z© RvwZag© wbwe©‡k‡l GKwU AvaywbK ivóª Movi K_v wPšÍv K‡iwQ‡jb| wKš‘c~e©e‡½i MYcwil‡` AevOvwj I D`©yfvlx‡ì m`m¨ wn‡m‡e MÖnY Kivigva¨‡g G AÂ‡ji eÂbv ïiæ n‡jv| MYcwil‡` evOvwj m`m¨ msL¨v n«vmcvq| c‡i 1948 mv‡j gv‡P© wRbœvn XvKvi Z`vbxšÍb †im‡Kvm© I KvR©bn‡j AbywôZ `ywU c„_K mfvq D`©y‡K ivóªfvlv wn‡m‡e Pvwc‡q w`‡Z †NvlYv†`b, ÔD`©yB n‡e cvwK¯Ív‡bi GKgvÎ ivóªfvlv|Õ ¯^vaxbZv jv‡fi mvZgv‡mi gv_vq evOvwji gb‡b Pig av°v jv‡M, Zv‡ì Avkvf‡½i m~Pbvnq| ax‡i ax‡i c~e©e½ ïay c~e© cvwK¯Ívb bq, cÖK…Zc‡¶ cvÄv‡ei GKwUK‡jvwb‡Z cwiYZ nq| ïiæ nq †ZBk eQ‡ii eÂbvi BwZnvm|

e½eÜz †kL gywReyi ingvb cvwK¯Ívb‡K GKwU MYZvwš¿K ivóª GescÖ‡`k¸‡jvq ¯^vqËkvmb cÖwZôv Kivi j‡¶¨ cÖ_‡g Qq `dv `vwe DÌvcbK‡i cvwK¯ÍvbRy‡o cÖPviYv Pvjvb| RbM‡Yi Kv‡Q Zuvi RbwcÖqZv GesQq `dvi MÖnY‡hvM¨Zv `ªæZ e„w× cvIqvq kvmK‡Mvôx Zuvi Ici wg_¨vlohš¿ gvgjvmn Kviv-wbh©vZb Pvwc‡q `gbcxo‡bi bxwZ MÖnY K‡i|Zv‡Z †`‡ki RbM‡Yi Kv‡Q wZwb Av‡iv †ewk MÖnY‡hvM¨ nb| RbMY ZxeªAv‡›`vj‡bi gva¨‡g Zuvi mn‡hv×vivmn Zuv‡K Kvivgy³ K‡ib| wZwbf‚wlZ nb Ôe½eÜzÕ Dcvwa‡Z| Gi ci †_‡K e½eÜzi my`¶ †bZ…‡Z¡MVbg~jK ivR‰bwZK Av‡›`vj‡bi d‡j mvgwiK RvšÍv AvBqye Lvb, hv‡KGwkqvi Ô†jŠngvbeÕ ejv n‡Zv, wZwb c`Z¨v‡M eva¨ n‡jb| cieZ©xmg‡q ¶gZvmxb Av‡iK mvgwiK RvšÍv †Rbv‡ij Bqvwnqv LvbI LegalFramework Order (LFO) 1970 gvidZ AvIqvgx jxM KZ©…K`vweK…Z me©Rbxb †fvUvwaKv‡ii wfwË‡Z mvaviY wbe©vP‡bi †NvlYv w`‡Zeva¨ n‡jb|

Gfv‡e gvby‡li AwaKvi I MYZš¿ cÖwZôvi `xN© avivevwnK msMÖv‡gigva¨‡g RbM‡Yi GKK Av¯’vfvRb †bZv wn‡m‡e †kL gywReyi ingvbcvwK¯Ív‡bi RvZxq I AvšÍR©vwZK A½‡b msMÖv‡gi GK g~Z©cÖZxK n‡qD‡Vb| AvIqvgx jxM n‡q hvq cvwK¯Ív‡bi GKK msL¨vMwiô ivR‰bwZK`j| Ruv`‡ij mvgwiK RvšÍv †Rbv‡ij Bqvwnqv Lvb wbe©vP‡bi ci ZvB†kL gywReyi ingvb‡K ÔcvwK¯Ív‡bi fwel¨r cÖavbgš¿xÕ e‡j m‡¤^vabKi‡Z eva¨ nb|

1971 mv‡ji 1 gvP© †Rbv‡ij Bqvwnqv Lv‡bi RvZxq msmÀwa‡ekb ¯’wMZ †NvlYvi c~e©ch©šÍ c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡bi RbMY bvbv †¶vf,wØavØ›Ø m‡Ë¡I wb‡R‡ì ÔcvwK¯ÍvwbÕ g‡b KiZ| KviY evOvwjivB Zv‡ì†fv‡Ui †Rv‡i cvwK¯Ívb G‡bwQj; wKš‘ 1 gvP© Awbw`©óKv‡ji RbÄwa‡ekb ¯’wMZ †NvlYvq cvwK¯Ívwb kvmK‡ì wbe©vwPZ cÖwZwbwa‡ìKv‡Q ¶gZv n¯ÍvšÍi bv Kivi dw›`‡Z Zv‡ì GK¸u‡q g‡bvfve ¯úó n‡qD‡V| cÖ‡Z¨K evOvwji g‡b ZLb GKwU cÖwZwµqvB †`Lv †`q, ÔAvi bq,Avi cvwK¯Ívb bq, Gevi `vwe GK `dvÑ evsjvi ¯^vaxbZv|Õ

evOvwji g‡bvRM‡Z G ¯^qswµq cÖwZwµqvi ¯ªóv wQ‡jb e½eÜz| Gj‡¶¨B wZwb Av‰K‡kvi wbiew”Qbœ Av‡›`vjb K‡i wM‡qwQ‡jb| GLv‡bD‡jøL¨, AvIqvgx jxM 6 `dvi wfwË‡Z mgMÖ cvwK¯Ív‡bi Rb¨ GKwUmsweavb cÖYq‡bi j‡¶¨ 1970 mv‡ji wbe©vP‡b cÖwZØw›ØZv K‡iwQj|aviYv Kiv hvq, `~i`„wóm¤úbœ ivR‰bwZK e¨w³Z¡ e½eÜz 6 `dvi IciwfwË K‡i AvcvZZ ¯^vqËkvmb AR©‡bi gva¨‡g wbqgZvwš¿K Dcv‡qc_cwiµgvq ¯^vaxbZv AR©‡bi j‡¶¨ KvR K‡i hvw”Q‡jb|

1 gvP© †_‡K cy‡iv `„k¨cU `ªæZ e`‡j †h‡Z _v‡K| †m †cÖ¶vc‡UAvIqvgx jx‡Mi wbe©vwPZ RvZxq cwil` I cÖv‡`wkK cwil‡ì m`m¨‡ì`ªæZ wm×všÍ †bIqvi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv †`Lv †`q| G Kvi‡Y hwÌ 1 gvP©†_‡K evOvwj‡ì `vwe 6 `dvi cwie‡Z© 1 `dv Z_v ¯^vaxbZvi `vwe‡ZcwiYZ nq, wbe©vwPZ †bZv‡ì‡K Zv‡ì wbe©vP‡bi g¨v‡ÛU Ges we‡kî

wewfbœ †`‡ki cwiw¯’wZ gv_vq †i‡L c`‡¶c MÖnY Ki‡Z n‡q‡Q| we‡klK‡i IB mgq Avwd«Kvi bvB‡Rwiqvi GKwU As‡k Pjgvb ¯^vaxbZv hy×†Kv‡bvfv‡eB AvšÍR©vwZK mg_©b cvw”Qj bv, eis wew”QbœZvev`x‡ìZrciZv wn‡m‡eB MY¨ nw”Qj|

Ggb RwUj AvšÍR©vwZK I RvZxq mgm¨v gv_vq †i‡LB e½eÜz 7BgvP© e‡jwQ‡jb, ÔGev‡ii msMÖvg Avgv‡ì gyw³i msMÖvg, Gev‡ii msMÖvgAvgv‡ì ¯^vaxbZvi msMÖvg|Õ hv ïay ¯^vaxbZvi †NvlYv †evSvq bv, eisGKwU Pjgvb cÖwµqv wn‡m‡e kvmK‡ì Kv‡Q ¯úó evZ©v †cuŠ‡Q †`q|

e½eÜz m¤¢eZ AvšÍR©vwZK cwigÐ‡j G evZ©vB w`‡Z Pvw”Q‡jb †h,cvwK¯Ív‡bi msL¨vMwiô RbMY ¯^vqËkvmb Pv‡”Q, hv AvšÍR©vwZK AvBbAbymv‡iI Zv‡ì Rb¥MZ AwaKvi| cvwK¯Ív‡bi kvmK‡Mvôx msL¨vMwi‡ôiB”Qvi weiæ‡× AmvsweavwbK kw³ cÖ‡qvM K‡i AvšÍR©vwZKAvBbewnf‚©Zfv‡e Zv‡ì wb‡®úlY Ki‡Q|

1971 mv‡ji 6 gvP© cvwK¯Ív‡b wbhy³ hy³iv‡óªi ivóª`~Z dvij¨vÛe½eÜzi m‡½ †`Lv K‡i evZ©v †`b †h, G AÂ‡ji ¯^vaxbZvi †NvlYvhy³ivóª mg_©b Ki‡e bv| †m †cÖ¶vc‡UB nq‡Zv e½eÜz †kl gyn~Z© ch©šÍA‡c¶v K‡iwQ‡jb| cvwK¯Ív‡bi mvgwiK kvmK hLb evsjvi wbixnRbM‡Yi Ici bMœ nZ¨vjxjv ïiæ K‡i, ZLb †mB `vqfvi Zv‡ì IciPvwc‡q w`‡q e½eÜz evsjv‡`‡ki ¯^vaxbZv †NvlYv K‡ib| d‡j mviv wekêvsjv‡`‡ki wbcxwoZ RbM‡Yi m‡½ GKvZ¥Zv †NvlYv K‡i| G †KŠkjBe½eÜzi AmvaviY ivR‰bwZK cÖÁvi cwiPvqK| G Kvi‡Y Zuv‡K 26Bgv‡P©i cÖ_g cÖni ch©šÍ Amxg â‡h©i cix¶v w`‡q A‡c¶v Ki‡Z n‡q‡Q|

1971 mv‡ji 1 gvP© cvwK¯Ívb bvgK ivóª wKsev Gi cwðg I c~e©vÂjwe`¨gvb wQj| RvwZmsN mb‡ì AvIZvq cÖ‡Z¨K RvwZ I gvby‡liAvZ¥wbqš¿‡Yi AwaKvi i‡q‡Q| 1 gvP© cwðgvÂ‡j †Rbv‡ij BqvwnqvLv‡bi †bZ…Z¡vaxb GKwU miKvi Kvh©Ki _vK‡jI c~e©vÂj ev c~e©cvwK¯Ív‡b cvwK¯Ívb miKv‡ii KZ©…Z¡ cÖkœwe× n‡q hvq| cÖK…Zc‡¶ 1gv‡P©i ci †_‡K G As‡k †K›`ªxq wbqš¿Y AKvh©Ki n‡Z _v‡K| Gi Rb¨`vqx cvwK¯Ív‡bi mvgwiK RvšÍv‡ì ˆ¯îvPvix f‚wgKv|

1970 mv‡j AbywôZ wbe©vP‡b AvIqvgx jxM c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡bi †gvU162 Avm‡bi g‡a¨ 160 Avmb jvf K‡i| wbi¼zk msL¨vMwiôZv jv‡fici 1 gvP© Aciv‡nè RvZxq cwil‡ì wbe©vwPZ evOvwj m`m¨ I cÖv‡`wkKm`mïv Zv‡ì mevi c¶ †_‡K cÖ‡qvRbxq c`‡¶c MÖnY Kivi me¶gZv e½eÜz‡K Ac©Y K‡ib| e½eÜzi Ici Giƒc AvbyôvwbK ¶gZvAc©‡Yi gva¨‡g Z`vbxšÍb c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡bi Avcvgi RbM‡Yi c‡¶ Zuvie³e¨ cÖ`vb I wm×všÍ MÖn‡Yi ˆbwZK I AvBbMZ ¶gZv cÖwZwôZ nq|QvÎ msMVb¸‡jvI e½eÜzi Bw½‡ZB Zv‡ì Kvh©µg cwiPvjbv Ki‡Z_v‡K|

7B gvP© e½eÜz Z`vbxšÍb †im‡Kvm© gq`v‡b bxwZwba©viYx I evOvwjifwel¨r Kg©cš’v m¤ú‡K© ¯úó e³e¨ iv‡Lb| Zuvi wb‡`©kbv Abymv‡i c~e©cvwK¯Ív‡bi me miKvwi Awdm-Av`vjZ, evwYwR¨K ms¯’v, e¨vsK-exgvmnme ai‡bi Awdm cwiPvwjZ n‡Z _v‡K| GgbwK KuvPvevRv‡ii gvwjKiv†mbvevwnbx‡K Lv`¨mn KuvPvgvj mieivn eÜ K‡i †`q| †`‡ki cÖwZwUmvaviY Kg©KvÐ e½eÜzi wb‡`©k Abymv‡i Pj‡Z _v‡K|

PÆMÖv‡gi WK kÖwgKiv RvnvR †_‡K A¯¿ Lvjv‡m weiZ _v‡K|†`ki¶v wefv‡M PvKwiiZ †emvgwiK Kg©Pvixiv Amn‡hvM Av‡›`vj‡b†hvM`vb K‡ib| 23 gvP© cvwK¯Ívb wè‡m †Kej K¨v›Ub‡g›U¸‡jvqcvwK¯Ív‡bi cZvKv DÇxqgvb n‡jI mgMÖ c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡b ¯^vaxbevsjv‡`‡ki cZvKv Do‡Z _v‡K| GB †cÖ¶vc‡U †Rbv‡ij Bqvwnqv Lvb15 gvP© XvKvq G‡m e½eÜzi m‡½ Av‡jvPbv ïiæ K‡ib|

mvsweavwbK I AvšÍR©vwZK AvB‡bi Av‡jv‡K 1 †_‡K 25 gvP©Z`vbxšÍb c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡bi Ae¯’vb ch©v‡jvPbv K‡i wePvicwZ G we GgLvqiæj nK G cÖm‡½ wj‡L‡Qb, wdì gvk©vj AvBqye Lvb 1962 mv‡jcvwK¯Ív‡bi Rb¨ Z_vKw_Z MYZš¿ m„wó K‡i msweavb cÖYqb K‡iwQ‡jb|†Rbv‡ij Bqvwnqv Lvb 1969 mv‡ji gv‡P© †mB msweavb evwZj K‡imvgwiK AvBb Rvwi K‡ib| cieZ©xKv‡j cvwK¯Ív‡bi mycÖxg †KvU© mvgwiKAvBb I †Rbv‡ij Bqvwnqv Lv‡bi kvmbKvj DfqB A‰ea †NvlYv K‡ib|

cÖ‡Z¨K RvwZi AvZ¥wbqš¿‡Yi AwaKvi RvwZmsN KZ©…K ¯^xK…Z|GjGdIi AvBbMZ Ae¯’vb hvB †nvK bv †Kb, cvwK¯Ív‡b me©Rbxb†fvUvwaKv‡ii wfwË‡Z GKwU wbe©vP‡bi gva¨‡g RbMY Zv‡ì cÖwZwbwa

56

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†mB †cÖ¶vc‡UB e½eÜz Z`vbxšÍb cvwK¯Ív‡bi msL¨vMwiôivR‰bwZK `‡ji †bZv I evOvwj RvwZi wbe©vwPZ cÖwZwbwa wn‡m‡e†Rbv‡ij Bqvwnqvi m‡½ Av‡jvPbvq Ask †bb|

Gevi AvšÍR©vwZK AvB‡bi †cÖ¶vc‡U welqwU ch©v‡jvPbv Kiv †h‡Zcv‡i| GUv AvšÍR©vwZKfv‡e ¯^xK…Z †h, †`‡ki RbMY mvaviYfv‡e†`‡ki gvwjK| welqwU ZvwË¡Kfv‡eI mwVK| Z‡e AvšÍR©vwZK ¯^xK…wZcvIqvi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRb Ômswkó mg‡q †Kvb kw³i nv‡Z ivóªwUi Kvh©Kixwbqš¿Y (effective control) we`¨gvb wQjÕ Zv wbiƒcY Kiv|

1971 mv‡ji 1 †_‡K 25 gvP© wbtm‡›`‡n c~e© cvwK¯Ívb Z_vevsjv‡`‡ki RbMY Zv‡ì cÖwZwbwa‡ì gva¨‡g †`‡ki ˆ`bw›`b mvaviYKvh©µg cwiPvjbv Ki‡Z m¶g n‡q‡Q| wKš‘ ZviciI RbcÖwZwbwaivmgMÖ c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡bi me ai‡bi cÖkvmwbK Kvh©µ‡gi Kvh©Kixwbqš¿YKvix wQ‡jb bv|

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1970 mv‡j AbywôZ mvaviY wbe©vP‡bi gva¨‡g †h evOvwj RvwZmËvi†evab, 26†k gv‡P©i cÖ_g cÖn‡i Zvi AvbyôvwbK †NvlYv| Gici ÔRqevsjvÕ †¯øvMv‡b 9 gv‡mi mk¯¿ msMÖvg| wbe©vP‡bi ga¨ w`‡q †h evOvwjRvwZmËv Kvh©KvwiZv jvf K‡iwQj, Zv mk¯¿ msMÖv‡g evOvwj‡K DØy×K‡iwQj| hvi c~Y©Zv jvf nq 16B wW‡m¤î 1971 mv‡j| evOvwj RvwZevsjv‡`‡ki de facto i de jure gvwjK nq|

10 Rvbyqvwi e½eÜz Zuvi ¯^vaxb evsjv‡`‡k cÖZ¨veZ©b K‡ib| c‡iiw`bB wZwb Provisional Constitution Order Rvwi K‡ime©‡Zvfv‡e Pig weaŸ¯Í †`k‡K GKwU AvBwb KvVv‡gvi g‡a¨ Av‡bb|Zvici Zuvi †bZ…‡Z¡ gvÎ 9 gv‡mi g‡a¨ 1972 mv‡ji 16B wW‡m¤îRvwZ‡K GKwU AwZ DrK…ó msweavb Dcnvi w`‡Z m¶g nb| wek^BwZnv‡m hvi weKí GL‡bv cwijw¶Z nq bv e‡jB g‡b K‡ib msweavbwe‡klÁiv| GwU GKwU wek^‡iKW©I e‡U| wek^ BwZnv‡m cÖgvwYZ m`¨¯^vaxbZvcÖvß †Kv‡bv †`k GZ Aí mg‡q msweavb cÖYqb Ki‡Z cv‡iwb|mv‡eK wePvicwZ G we Gg Lvqiæj nK Zuvi GK †jLbx‡Z D‡jL K‡ib,ZLb Avgv‡ì †Kv‡bv gvk©vj cvb wQj bv| e½eÜz mxwgZ m¤ú` w`‡qBAv¶wiK A‡_© m¤ú~Y© aŸsmcÖvß †`‡ki wewbg©vY cÖwµqv ïiæ K‡ib| gvÎmv‡o wZb eQ‡ii g‡a¨B †`kwUi cÖvq me©‡¶‡Î D‡V ùvov‡bvi Qvc¯úóZi n‡Z _v‡K|

GB msweavb gyw³hy‡×i i³v³ cUf‚wgKvq iwPZ| Gi 4wUg~jbxwZi cÖavb ag©wbi‡c¶Zv| msweav‡b GB g~jbxwZ MÖnY Kivi m‡½m‡½ evsjv‡`‡k wØRvwZ Z‡Ë¡i AvbyôvwbK g„Zz¨ N‡U‡Q, hv †g‡b wb‡Zcv‡iwb wØRvwZ Z‡Ë¡i Abymvixiv| Avi G Kvi‡YB RvwZi RbK‡Kmcwiev‡i nZ¨v Ges RvZxq Pvi †bZv nZ¨vi ga¨ w`‡q ivóª¶gZvqAvmxb nq cvwK¯Ív‡bi civwRZ kw³i cÖwZf‚| w¶cÖZvi m‡½ cweÎmsweav‡b KvUv‡Quov K‡i ag©wfwËK iv‡óª cwiwPZ K‡i Kjw¼Z Kivn‡q‡Q e½eÜzi †bZ…‡Z¡ iwPZ cweÎ i³‡jLvq iwPZ msweavb‡K|

Avi ZLbB GKvË‡ii civwRZ kÎæiv GB †`k‡K wcwQ‡q †ÌqviRb¨ e½eÜz‡K mcwiev‡i b„ksmfv‡e nZ¨v K‡i 1975 mv‡ji 15BAvM÷| G‡Ki ci GK Kv‡jv Aa¨vq †cwi‡q Avgiv GLb wek^ gvbwP‡ÎAbymiYxq Ges AbyKiYxq cwiYZ GKwU RvwZ| e½eÜz evOvwj RvwZiBwZnv‡mi gnvb †bZv Ges wek^‡bZv wn‡m‡e †MvUv we‡k^ ¯^gwngvqcÖwZwôZ|

ag©wbi‡c¶Zv Zz‡j w`‡q ag©wfwËK ivóª wn‡m‡e evsjv‡`k‡KcÖwZwôZ Kivi Ac‡Póv Kiv n‡q‡Q evievi| `yf©vM¨RbKfv‡e GL‡bvmsweav‡bi Ab¨Zg cÖavb g~jbxwZ ag©wbi‡c¶Zv cybtcÖwZôv Ki‡Zcv‡iwb miKvi| †h Kvi‡Y gnvb gyw³hy‡× AvZ¥`vbKvix 30 jvL kwn‡ì

cÖvc¨ m¤§vb GL‡bv cÖwZôv nqwb e‡jB g‡b K‡ib †`‡ki msL¨vjNyRbMY| 1972 mv‡j e½eÜz wØRvwZ Z‡Ë¡i UzuwU wU‡c †g‡i †d‡j‡Qb g‡bKi‡jI Zv Avevi cybiæ¾xweZ n‡q mvgwiK Dw`©i †jev‡m ivóª¶gZvqAwawôZ n‡q KvUv‡Quov K‡i‡Q cweÎ msweavb‡K| e½eÜz‡K mcwiev‡inZ¨vi ga¨ w`‡q ag©wfwËK ivRbxwZ wbwl× Kivi A½xKv‡iiI Acg„Zz¨N‡U| 1975 mv‡ji 15B AvM‡÷i ci GKvË‡ii NvZK ag© eëmvqx‡ìG‡`‡ki bvMwiKZ¡ wdwi‡q †Ìqv nq| Zv‡ì AcivRbxwZ Kivi êaZvw`‡q Avev‡iv AÜKv‡ii kw³‡K 30 jvL kwn‡ì cweÎ i‡³ iwÄZgvwU‡Z `vwc‡q †eov‡bvi my‡hvM K‡i †Ìqv n‡q‡Q| Gi weiæ‡× j‡ohv‡”Q gyw³hy‡×i c‡¶i RbMY| Zv‡ì wek^vm, ag©wbi‡c¶Zv †hw`bmsweav‡b cybt¯’vwcZ n‡e, †mw`b G‡`k e½eÜzi ag©wbi‡c¶evsjv‡`‡ki Aw¯ÍZ¡ wd‡i cv‡e| wd‡i cv‡e gnvb msweav‡bi AK…wÎgAw¯ÍZ¡, hv RvwZi Rb‡Ki cweÎ wek^vm wQj|

e½eÜzKb¨v gvbbxq cÖavbgš¿x †kL nvwmbv GKvË‡ii NvZK‡ìwePv‡ii KvVMovq ùvo Kiv‡Z m¶g n‡q‡Qb Ges GKvË‡ii NvZK‡ìG‡K G‡K g„Zz¨`‡Ð `wÐZ K‡i Kj¼gy³ n‡q‡Q exi evOvwj|

e½eÜzi AšÍ‡ii AšÍ¯Íj †_‡K D”PvwiZ evOvwj RvwZmËvi weKv‡kig~Z©iƒc Ôevsjv‡`kÕ bvgK ivóªwUi Rb‡Ki gnvb AvZ¥`v‡bi cÖwZ web¤ªkÖ×vÄwj|

†jLK: mvsevw`K

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1975 mv‡ji 15B AvM÷ mcwiev‡i e½eÜz‡KnZ¨vi ci NUbvi AvKw¯§KZvq ¯Íw¤¢Z IwKsKZ©e¨weg~p n‡q c‡o RvwZ| †`‡ki evB‡iIG nZ¨vKvÐ wb‡q †Kv‡bv cÖwZev` Kivi mvnm†`Lv‡Z cv‡ibwb †KD| wKš‘ †_‡g wQ‡jb bvRvwZi Rb‡Ki `yB Kb¨vÑ †kL nvwmbv I †kL†invbv| Zuviv wek^gvbeZvi Kv‡Q wcZ…nZ¨viwePvi †P‡qwQ‡jb| BwZnv‡mi b„ksm nZ¨vh‡ÁiNUbv wek^‡K AewnZ Ki‡Z †P‡qwQ‡jb| `y‡ev‡bicÖvYvšÍKi †mB cÖ‡Póvi dj wn‡m‡e Nb Kv‡jv†gN m‡i wM‡q bZzb †fv‡ii m~Pbv n‡qwQj|we‡`wk eÜz‡ì mn‡hvwMZvq ¸wU ¸wU cv‡q GwM‡qwM‡qwQj nZ¨vKv‡Ði cÖv_wgK Z`šÍ cÖwµqv| my`~i÷K‡nvg †_‡K e½eÜz nZ¨vKv‡Ði wePv‡ii †h`vwe D‡VwQj, Kvjµ‡g Zv Wvjcvjv Qwo‡q‡Qme©Î| we¯Í…Z n‡q‡Q nZ¨vKv‡Ði `vwei wgwQj| ieD‡V‡QÑ ÔRvwZ e½eÜz nZ¨vi wePvi PvqÕ|nZ¨vKv‡Ði `vwe Ges wePvwiK Kv‡Ri ga¨Kvi`xN© c_wU †gv‡UI Kzmygv¯ÍxY© wQj bv| 21 eQ‡ii`ytmn hš¿Yv Avi Møvwb wQj Zvi ci‡Z ci‡Z|

Ôe½eÜz nZ¨vKv‡Ði wePvi †P‡q AvšÍR©vwZKA½‡b cÖ_g Av‡e`b ivLv nq 1979 mv‡ji 10†g| e½eÜzi †R¨ô Kb¨v †kL nvwmbvi c¶ †_‡KGwU †ck K‡iwQ‡jb Kwbô Kb¨v †kL †invbv|†mw`b myB‡W‡bi ÷K‡nv‡g AbywôZ me©

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BD‡ivcxq evKkv‡ji GK m‡¤§j‡b †kL nvwmbv‡K cÖavb AwZw_ wn‡m‡e†hvM`v‡bi Rb¨ Aby‡iva Rvbv‡bv n‡qwQj| wKš‘ ZLb fviZ †_‡KmyB‡W‡b wM‡q m‡¤§j‡b †hvM †Ìqv Zuvi c‡¶ m¤¢e wQj bv| c‡iBD‡ivcxq †bZviv †kL nvwmbvi cÖwZwbwaZ¡ Ki‡Z †kL †invbv‡KAby‡iva K‡ib| w`wjø †_‡K †dv‡b †kL nvwmbv †evb‡K m‡¤§j‡b †h‡Ze‡jb| Abyôv‡b Kx ej‡Z n‡e, †m wel‡qI wZwb †Uwj‡dv‡b †evb‡Kwb‡`©kbv †`b|

IB m‡¤§j‡b cÖavb AwZw_ †kL nvwmbvi Abycw¯’wZ‡Z Zuvi cvVv‡bvevYx cvV K‡ib †kL †invbv| Zuvi c‡¶ e³eÏ †`b wZwb| †Kv‡bvivR‰bwZK mgv‡e‡k †kL †invbvi †mUvB wQj cÖ_g e³e¨| AvšÍR©vwZKIB m‡¤§j‡bi gva¨‡g wek^gvbeZvi Kv‡Q cÖ_gevi Õ75-i Kj¼RbKnZ¨vKv‡Ði wePv‡ii `vwe †Zvjv nq| †mw`b BD‡iv‡ci wewfbœ †`‡kiivóªcÖavb, RvwZmsN gnvmwPe, wnDg¨vb ivBUm Kwgk‡bi †Pqvig¨vb,Av‡gwiKv Ks‡MÖ‡mi wnDg¨vb ivBUm KwgwUi †Pqvig¨vb, A¨vg‡bw÷B›Uvib¨vkbvj †Pqvig¨vbmn wewfbœ AvšÍR©vwZK gvbevwaKvi msMV‡bicÖavb‡ì Kv‡Q e½eÜz I RvZxq Pvi †bZvi nZ¨vi wePv‡ii cÖ‡kœevsjv‡`k miKv‡ii Ici Pvc m„wói Aby‡iva Rvbv‡bv nq|Õ (Aw÷ªqvcÖevmx I mvsevw`K Gg bRiæj Bmjv‡gi wbeÜ †_‡K msKwjZ)|

AvMiZjv lohš¿ gvgjvq e½eÜzi c‡¶ j‡owQ‡jb cÖL¨vZ weªwUkAvBbRxex m¨vi _gvm DBwjqvgm| †kL †invbv Zv‡K w`‡q e½eÜznZ¨vKv‡Ði gvgjv cwiPvjbvi wel‡q †Uwj‡dv‡b w`wjø‡Z eo‡ev‡bi m‡½civgk© K‡ib|

1980 mv‡ji 20 Rvbyqvwi †m›Uªvj jÛ‡bi KbI‡q n‡j me©BD‡ivcxq e½eÜz cwil‡ì cÖ_g m‡¤§jb AbywôZ nq| G‡Z W.†mwjg‡K mvaviY m¤úv`K g‡bvbxZ Kiv nq| W. kwdK wmwÏK mfvcwZc‡` cÖ¯Íve K‡ib m¨vi _gvm DBwjqvg‡mi bvg, hv m‡¤§j‡bme©m¤§wZµ‡g M„nxZ nq| e½eÜzKb¨v‡ì m¤§wZ‡ZB W. kwdK wmwÏKAvšÍR©vwZK L¨wZm¤úbœ GB weªwUk AvBbRxexi bvg cÖ¯Íve K‡iwQ‡jb|

c‡i m¨vi _gvm DBwjqvg‡mi m¤§wZ †bIqvi Rb¨ IB eQ‡ii†deªæqvwii gvSvgvwS‡Z ÔnvDm Ae KgÝÕ-G wM‡q Zvi m‡½ mv¶vr K‡ib†kL †invbv I W. kwdK| Zviv Zv‡K Rvbvb, we‡`‡k e½eÜzi Av`k©cÖPv‡ii j‡¶¨ me© BD‡ivcxq e½eÜz cwil` MwVZ n‡q‡Q| G‡Z mfvcwZc‡ì Rb¨ Zv‡K g‡bvbxZ Kiv n‡q‡Q| cÖ Íve ï‡b ¯§„wZKvZi _gvmDBwjqvgm e‡jb, Ô1968 mv‡j Avwg XvKv wM‡qwQjvg e½eÜzi c‡¶AvMiZjv lohš¿ gvgjv jo‡Z| Zvici G‡jv 1971-Gi gyw³hy×| ZL‡bvAvwg †Zvgv‡ì m‡½ wQjvg| †m-I cÖvq 10 eQi Av‡Mi K_v| †ZvgivevOvwj GL‡bv Avgv‡K g‡b †i‡LQ! Avwg wb‡R e½eÜzi GKRb AbyivMx,BD‡ivcxq e½eÜz cwil‡ì mfvcwZ nIqvi cÖ Íve mvb‡›` MÖnY Kijvg|Õ

1980 mv‡ji 4 GwcÖj †kL nvwmbv w`wjø †_‡K jÛb hvb| Ry‡bigvSvgvwS mg‡q GKw`b m¨vi _gvm DBwjqvgm †kL nvwmbv‡K weªwUkcvj©v‡g‡›U Avgš¿Y Rvbvb| †kL nvwmbv Zvi Avgš¿Y i¶v K‡ib| IBmgq †kL nvwmbv e½eÜz nZ¨vi Z`šÍ Kwgkb MVb Kivi `vwqZ¡ wb‡ZZv‡K Aby‡iva K‡ib| G‡Z wZwb m¤§Z nb| wKQzw`b ci Avevi m¨vi

_gvm DBwjqvg‡mi m‡½ †kL nvwmbv êVK K‡ib| wm×všÍ nq, e½eÜzikvnv`Zevwl©Kx cvjb Abyôv‡b wZwb Dcw¯’Z _vK‡eb|

†kL nvwmbv‡K MYmsea©bv Ges e½eÜzi cÂg kvnv`Zevwl©Kx cvjbDcj‡¶¨ 1980 mv‡ji 16 AvM÷ c~e© jÛ‡bi gvBj¨vÛ¯’ BqK© n‡jhy³ivR¨cÖevmx evOvwj‡ì GK mgv‡ek AbywôZ nq| 1971 mv‡jigyw³msMÖv‡gi ci cÖevmx evOvwj‡ì GwUB wQj me‡P‡q e‡ov mgv‡ek|IB mgv‡e‡k †kL nvwmbv wQ‡jb cÖavb AwZw_ Ges m¨vi _gvmDBwjqvgm wQ‡jb cÖavb e³v| †mw`b †ek KRb weªwUk ivRbxwZK IcÖL¨vZ AvBbRxex Ges wecyj msL¨K cÖevmx evOvwji Dcw¯’wZ‡Z †kLnvwmbvi Aby‡iv‡a _gvm DBwjqvgm e½eÜz I RvZxq Pvi †bZvinZ¨vKvix‡ì Av`vj‡Zi KvVMovq nvwRi Kivi e¨vcv‡i Dchy³ Kg©cš’vMÖnY Ki‡eb e‡j cÖwZkÖæwZ †`b|

1980 mv‡ji 18 †m‡Þ¤î jÛ‡b e½eÜz I Pvi RvZxq †bZvi nZ¨vm¤ú‡K© Z`šÍ Kivi Rb¨ wek^L¨vZ AvBb we‡klÁ‡ì wb‡q GKwUAvšÍR©vwZK Z`šÍ Kwgkb MVb Kiv nq| 19 †m‡Þ¤î jÛ‡bi ÔnvDm AeKgÝÕ-Gi KvQvKvwQ GKwU †i÷z‡i‡›U msev` m‡¤§j‡bi gva¨‡g m¨vi_gvm DBwjqvgm e½eÜz nZ¨vKv‡Ði Z`šÍ Kwgkb MV‡bi AvbyôvwbK†NvlYv †`b| †NvwlZ IB Z`šÍ Kwgk‡bi †Pqvig¨vb wQ‡jb m¨vi _gvmDBwjqvgm| Ab¨ m`mïv wQ‡jbÑ †bv‡ej kvwšÍ cyi¯‹vi weRqx weL¨vZAvBwik AvBbRxex wg. wmqvb g¨vKeªvBW, †jevi cvwU©i AvBbwelqKgyLcvÎ †Rwd« _gvm Ges mwjwmUvi wg. A‡e© †ivR| wg. A‡e© †ivR‡KKwgk‡bi †m‡µUvwii `vwqZ¡ †Ìqv nq|

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1981 mv‡ji Rvbyqvwii cÖ_g mßv‡n Z`šÍ Kwgk‡bi m`m¨ †Rwd«_gvm Ges mwjwmUvi wg. A‡e© †ivR evsjv‡`k md‡ii Rb¨ jÛ‡bevsjv‡`k nvBKwgk‡b wfmvi Av‡e`b K‡ib| 13 Rvbyqvwi mÜ¨vqKwgk‡bi m`mïv weªwUk GqviI‡q‡Ri wegv‡b XvKv hvIqvi RbÄwej‡¤^ wfmv cvIqv cÖ‡qvRb e‡j †mw`b mKv‡j cvVv‡bv Riæwi evZ©viRev‡e evsjv‡`k nvBKwgkb e‡j, wfmvmn cvm‡cvU©¸‡jv we‡K‡j †diZ†Ìqv n‡e| we‡K‡j nvBKwgk‡b wM‡q cvm‡cvU©¸‡jv †diZ cvIqvm¤ú‡K© †LuvR wb‡q Rvbv hvq, Kbmyjvi wefvM eÜ n‡q †M‡Q| ZviciI†ek wKQzw`b Zviv wfmv cvIqvi j‡¶¨ jÛ‡b evsjv‡`k wgk‡biZrKvjxb nvBKwgkbvi Avwgbyi ingvb mvgQD` †`vnvi m‡½ †hvMv‡hvMK‡ib| wKš‘ †Kv‡bv dj nqwb Zv‡Z| GgbwK ZrKvjxb mvgwiKˆ¯îkvmK †Rbv‡ij wRqvDi ingv‡bi wb‡`©‡k GAviGm †`vnv AZ¨šÍPZziZvi m‡½ wfmv bvgÄyi m¤ú‡K© †Kv‡bv wPwV wKsev †Kv‡bv iK‡gie¨vL¨vI †`qwb|

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AvšÍR©vwZK Z`šÍ Kwgk‡bi m`m¨‡ì evsjv‡`k md‡ii Rb¨ wfmvbvgÄy‡ii cÖwZev‡` 1981 mv‡ji 13 Rvbyqvwi XvKvq e¨vcK cÖwZev`mgv‡ek nq| Z`šÍ Kwgk‡bi m`m¨‡ì evsjv‡`‡k Avmvi AbygwZAv`v‡qi `vwe‡Z 17 Rvbyqvwi AvIqvgx jx‡Mi D‡`¨v‡M †`ke¨vcxRbmgv‡ek I cÖwZev` wgwQj AbywôZ nq| 28 Rvbyqvwi jW© †dbvieªKI‡q Z`šÍ Kwgk‡bi m`m¨‡ì evsjv‡`‡ki wfmv bvgÄyi KiviwelqwU nvDm Ae jW©‡m Dc¯’vcb K‡ib, hv 4 †deªæqvwi nvDm AejW©‡m Av‡jvwPZ nq| IB Av‡jvPbvq ZrKvjxb weªwUk ciivóªgš¿x jW©K¨vwisUbmn A‡b‡K Ask †bb| 1982 mv‡ji 20 gvP© AvšÍR©vwZK Z`šÍKwgkb mcwiev‡i e½eÜz nZ¨vKvÐ Ges Pvi RvZxq †bZvi nZ¨v m¤ú‡K©cÖv_wgK cÖwZ‡e`b †ck K‡i|

e½eÜzi †R¨ô Zbqv I evsjv‡`‡ki eZ©gvb cÖavbgš¿x †kL nvwmbvÕ75-i 15B AvM÷‡K wN‡i N‡i-evB‡ii lohš¿, e½eÜz‡K nZ¨v GescieZ©x `ytmgq wb‡q MZ eQi 17 †g Zvi ¯^‡`k cÖZ¨veZ©b wè‡mMYfe‡b Awba©vwiZ GK Abyôv‡b e³…Zv K‡ib| ¯§„wZKvZi cÖavbgš¿xe³…Zvi GKch©v‡q W. Kvgvj †nv‡m‡bi f‚wgKvi K_v D‡jøL K‡i e‡jb,Ô1975 mv‡ji 15B AvM‡÷i wbg©g nZ¨vKv‡Ði ciw`b W. Kvgvj †nv‡mbG‡jb e‡b (Rvg©vwbi kni) ûgvqyb iwk‡ì evmvq| wZwb ZLbRvg©vwb‡ZB wQ‡jb| †invbv †QvU, †m ejj PvPv Avcwb †gvkZv‡Ki gwš¿Z¡†b‡eb bv| Avcwb †cÖm Kbdv‡iÝ K‡ib, G nZ¨vi cÖwZev` K‡ib|ûgvqyb iwk` †cÖm Kbdv‡i‡Ýi eë¯’v wb‡jb| wKš‘ Dwb †Kv‡bv K_vej‡Z ivwR n‡jb bv| nZ¨vi wb›`v Rvbv‡bvi GKUv K_vI Dwb ej‡jbbv| ûgvqyb iwk` wb‡R Avgv‡ì wb‡q †cÖ‡mi mvg‡b e‡mb GesnZ¨vKv‡Ði wb›`v Rvbvb|Õ

K‡qK eQi Av‡M jÛ‡b GKwU wbDR‡cvU©v‡j mvÿvrKvi w`‡Z wM‡qe½eÜzi Kwbô Kb¨v †kL †invbv L›`Kvi †gvkZv‡Ki wek^vmNvZKZv IZrKvjxb ciivóªgš¿x W. Kvgvj †nv‡m‡bi we‡`‡k msev` m‡¤§jbAv‡qvR‡b Abxnv cÖKv‡ki NUbvi AKcU eY©bv †`b| Z‡e wZwb K…ZÁZvcÖKvk K‡ib Rvg©vwb‡Z †m mgq evsjv‡`‡ki ivóª`~‡Zi `vwqZ¡ cvjbKvixûgvqyb iwk` †PŠayixmn A‡b‡Ki|

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ZLb ûgvqyb ikx` †PŠayix †d‡ikZvi g‡Zv Avwff‚©Z n‡qwQ‡jb|eªv‡mjm I Rvg©vwbi eW©v‡i wZwb Avgv‡ì Rb¨ Mvwo cvVv‡jb| Avgiv†mvRv ÔebÕ wM‡q Zvi evmvq DwV| †PŠayix I Zvi ¯¿x `yRbB Avgv‡ìmvšÍ¡bv w`w”Q‡jb| Avgv‡ì AvkÖq w`‡Z wM‡q Sv‡gjvI †cvnv‡Z n‡q‡QZv‡ì| K‡qKRb evsjv‡`wk I cvwK¯Ívwb †Q‡j e‡b nvBKwgkb feb†NivI K‡i e½eÜzi Qwe bvgv‡bvi Rb¨ †PŠayix‡K Pvc †`q| Avgv‡ì†ei K‡i w`‡ZI e‡j Zv‡K| ûgvqyb ikx` †PŠayix Ggb Pv‡c bwZ ¯^xKvibv K‡i D‡ëv Zv‡ì e‡jb, GB feb GL‡bv evsjv‡`k| XvKv †_‡KAvwg †Kv‡bv wb‡`©k cvBwb| †Zvgiv hw` †ewk Sv‡gjv K‡iv Avwg cywjkWvK‡Z eva¨ ne| †Q‡jiv ZLb P‡j hvq|Õ

mvÿvrKv‡i †invbv Rvbvb, Ô¸Re Qwo‡q c‡o, ¶gZv `LjKvix‡ìwb‡`©‡k ûgvqyb ikx` †PŠayix Zvi evmvq nvwmbv-†invbv‡K ew›` K‡i†i‡L‡Qb| we‡kî wewfbœ wgwWqvi mvsevw`Kiv ZLb wfo Rgvb †PŠayixievmvi mvg‡b| Zviv Rvb‡Z Pvb Avm‡jB nvwmbv-†invbv ew›` wK bv|ûgvqyb ikx` †PŠayix ZLb Avgv‡ì ej‡jb, †Zvgiv wK GKUz RvbvjviKv‡Q wM‡q †Zvgv‡ì cÖK…Z Ae¯’vb Rvbv‡e? Avgiv ZLbB Rvbvjvi Kv‡QwM‡q mvsevw`K‡ì ejjvg, Avgiv GLv‡b AvkÖq †c‡qwQ, ew›` bB|Avgv‡ì K_v ï‡b Zviv P‡j hvb|

W. Kvgvj †nv‡mb IB mgq Rvg©vwb‡Z Av‡mb| wZwbI Lye KvbœvKvwUKiwQ‡jb| e½eÜz miKv‡ii ciivóªgš¿x wn‡m‡e wZwb ZLb †`‡ki evB‡i

md‡i wQ‡jb| XvKvi cwiw¯’wZ wb‡q Zvi Kv‡QI mwVK †Kv‡bv Lei wQjbv| Zv‡K GKwU †cÖm Kbdv‡iÝ Av‡qvR‡bi Aby‡iva Rvwb‡q ejjvg,PvPv Avcwb ciivóªgš¿x, GKwU †cÖm Kbdv‡iÝ K‡i wek^wgwWqv‡K cÖK…ZAe¯’v GKUz ejyb| Avgv‡ì K‚U‰bwZK wgkb¸‡jv‡K wW‡dÛ Ki‡ZAby‡iva Kiæb| wZwb Avgvi Aby‡iv‡ai ¸iæZ¡ w`‡jb bv| nq‡Zv †QvUgvbyl wn‡m‡e GB Aby‡iv‡ai †Kv‡bv ¸iæZ¡ †bB e‡j wZwb †f‡ewQ‡jb|Z‡e IB mgq hw` ciivóªgš¿x Kvgvj †nv‡mb GKwU †cÖm Kbdv‡iÝKi‡Zb, ZLb cwiw¯’wZ nq‡Zv AbïKg n‡Zv|Õ

†invbv e‡jb, ÔjÛ‡b G‡m e½eÜz nZ¨vi Z`šÍ KwgwU MV‡bi †PóvKi‡Z jvMjvg| †bv‡ej weRqx wmqvb g¨vKeªvBW, mv‡eK fvBmP¨v‡Ýji gwZb †PŠayix, Mvd&&dvi PvPv, W. Kvgvj †nv‡mbmn A‡b‡Kim‡½ †hvMv‡hvM n‡jv| A‡bK †Póvi ci mv¶vr †cjvg m¨vi _gvmDBwjqvg‡mi| wZwb ej‡jb, Avwg †Zvgv‡ì me ai‡bi mvnvh¨ Kie|wKš‘ wb‡R wKQz‡Z _vK‡Z cvie bv| KviY Avwg GLb KzBÝKvDwÝji|Õ

1979 mv‡j myB‡Wb hvb †kL †invbv| †mLv‡bB cÖ_g †kL nvwmb-vi bvg w`‡q e¨vbvi Uvwb‡q cÖKv‡k¨ cÖwZev` Kg©m~wP cvjb K‡ib| †invbve‡jb, ÔAvgvi ZLb cvm‡cvU© †bB| cvm‡cvU© Gi Av‡MB †K‡o wb‡q‡Qevsjv‡`k miKvi| weªwUk miKv‡ii †Ìqv GKwU Uªv‡fjm WKz‡g›Umwb‡q hvB myB‡Wb| Gici ax‡i ax‡i me G‡Mv‡Z _v‡K| AvgivB›Uvib¨vkbvj gvW©vi Bb‡Kvqvwi KwgwU Kijvg| GLv‡b `yRb AvBbRxexwVK K‡i w`‡jb _gvm DBwjqvgm| AvBbRxex‡ì XvKv hvIqvi wUwK‡Uicqmv msMÖn Kiv n‡jv cÖevmx fvB‡evb‡ì KvQ †_‡K| mva¨vbyhvqx mevB`vb Ki‡jb GB Znwe‡j| XvKvq iv¾vK fvBivI Avbylw½K mewKQz wVKK‡i ivL‡jb| wKš‘ †kl ch©šÍ Zv‡ì Avi XvKv hvIqv nqwb|AvBbRxexiv †hw`b wfmvi Rb¨ nvBKwgk‡b hvIqvi wm×všÍ wb‡jb,†mw`b cy‡iv nvBKwgkbB eÜ K‡i ivLv nq|Õ GwU 1979 ev Õ80 mv‡jiK_v| GiciI nZvk bv n‡q e½eÜz nZ¨vi Z`šÍ I wePv‡ii `vwe‡ZZrciZv Pvjv‡Z _v‡Kb †kL †invbv|

myB‡Wb †_‡K wd‡i Avmvi ci jÛ‡b Zvi mv¶vr nq gv‡jK DwKj,mvgv` AvRv` I W. Kvgvj †nv‡m‡bi m‡½| Zv‡ì m‡½ wb‡q wZwbI‡q÷ wgwb÷v‡ii Kv‡Q GKwU †i÷z‡i‡›U †cÖm Kbdv‡iÝ K‡ib|AvIqvgx jxM †bZv AvZv Lv‡bi †i÷z‡i‡›U| IB †cÖm Kbdv‡i‡Ý wZwbGKwU wjwLZ e³e¨ †`b| mvsevw`K‡ì me cÖ‡kœi Reve †`b W. Kvgvj†nv‡mb|

†kL †invbv Rvbvb, Ôe½eÜz nZ¨vi wePvi `vwe K‡i AvgivK¨v‡¤úBb ïiæ Kijvg| GB K¨v‡¤úBb wb‡qI KZRb KZ we`ªæc Kij|Aek¨ †KD †KD mvnvhÏ K‡i‡Qb| Gi g‡a¨ GKRb wkwcsKi‡cv‡ik‡bi e‡ov Awdmvi G †RW Avn‡g` Avgv‡K LyeB mvnvh¨K‡i‡Qb| AveŸvi wcÖwÝcvj †m‡µUvwi iæûj KzÏym I gCbyj BmjvgIAvgvi †LuvRLei wb‡q‡Qb wbqwgZ|Õ

e½eÜz I RvZxq Pvi †bZv nZ¨vKv‡Ði wePv‡ii Rb¨ MwVZ Kwgkb1980 mv‡ji 18 †m‡Þ¤î cÖ_gevi êV‡K e‡m| Gi m`mïv wm×všÍ†bb evsjv‡`‡k N‡U hvIqv NUbvwUi wel‡q AbymÜvb Pvjv‡eb Zviv| c‡iKwgk‡bi m`mïv evsjv‡`‡k Avmvi wm×všÍ †bb Ges wfmvi Rb¨ jÛ‡bievsjv‡`k `~Zvev‡mi kiYvcbœ nb| 1981 mv‡ji Rvbyqvwi‡Z Kwgk‡bic‡¶ evsjv‡`‡ki Rb¨ wfmvi Av‡e`b K‡iwQ‡jb †Rdwi _gvm Ges ZviGK mnKvix|

hy³iv‡Rï GB Kwgkb 1982 mv‡ji 20 gvP© Zv‡ì cÖv_wgKcÖwZ‡e`b cÖKvk K‡iwQj| IB cÖwZ‡e`‡b Zviv e‡jwQj, e½eÜznZ¨vKv‡Ði †¶‡Î AvBwb I wePvi cÖwµqv‡K Zvi wbR¯^ c‡_ G‡Mv‡Z†Ìqv nqwb| GRb¨ `vqx wQj ZrKvjxb miKvi|

cÖwZ‡e`‡b ejv nq, wfmv bv cvIqvq mdi nqwb| †Kb wfmv †Ìqvnqwb, †m wel‡q `~Zvev‡mi c¶ †_‡K wKQz Rvbv‡bvI nqwb| `~Zvev‡mK‡qKevi wPwV w`‡jI Zv MÖnY Kiv nqwb| 1982 mv‡ji 20 gvP©ÔSHEIKH MUJIB Murder Enquiry: PRELIMINARY REPORTOF THE ENQUIRYÕ kxl©K cÖwZ‡e`bwU cyw¯ÍKv AvKv‡i jÛb †_‡KcÖKvwkZ nq, hvi gyLeÜ wj‡LwQ‡jb e½eÜzKb¨v †kL nvwmbv|

†jLK: mvsevw`K, ˆ`wbK †fv‡ii KvMR

60

wbix¶v

evsjv‡`‡ki wkí I ms¯‹…wZi HwZn¨ mn¯ªeQ‡ii| Zvi m~Î a‡iB G‡Mv‡Z †M‡j Avgv‡ìcÖvPxb BwZnv‡mi w`‡K †PvL †evjv‡ZB n‡e| Qwe†Kb AuvK‡e, Kviv AuvK‡e, Kx cÖ‡qvR‡b QweAuvK‡eÑ Ggb A‡bK cÖkœ g‡b †Zvjcvo KivB¯^vfvweK| ZvB cÖ_‡g fvee wk‡íi D™¢e wb‡q|AvR †_‡K nvRvi nvRvi eQi Av‡M Avw`ggvby‡li nvZ a‡iB wk‡íi aviYv G‡m‡Q|†nv‡gvmvwc‡qÝ gvbyl Pvicv‡k hv †`‡L‡Q, Zv-BZvi wkígva¨‡g a‡i ivLvi †Póv K‡i‡Q|†nv‡gvmvwc‡qÝ K_vwUi A_© n‡jv eyw×gvb gvbyl|Gfv‡eB wkíKjvi ïiæ| Zvn‡j †Kb Qwe Gu‡K‡QAvw`g gvby‡liv? Ni mvRv‡bvi Rb¨, bv wK `vwgwkíx nIqvi Rb¨? Gme D”PZi fvebv eva¨vbaviYv Avw`g gvby‡li wQjB bv| Z‡e Zv‡ì`ywU cÖe„wË me‡P‡q cÖLi wQj| GKwU ˆRweK ÿzav,Ab¨wU gvbwmK ÿzav| †c‡Ui ÿzav †gUvZ cïigvsm †L‡q Avi g‡bi wÿ‡a †gUvZ Qwe Gu‡K|AuvPo †K‡U †K‡U cv_‡ii †`qv‡j †m Zvi Av`jdzwU‡q ZzjZ| GiKg GKUv cwiw¯’wZi g‡a¨Bnq‡Zv Avw`g gvby‡li Qwe AuvKv ïiæ| Zvn‡jGiƒc wPšÍv Avm‡ZB cv‡i †h, evsjv‡`k bvgKAÂ‡j me‡P‡q cy‡iv‡bv Qwe Kx, fv¯‹h© Kx,¯’vcZ¨ I wkíKjv †Kv_vq †M‡j †LuvR wgj‡e|Avw`g gvby‡li ci K‡qK nvRvi eQi †K‡U

61

cÖ e Ü. .

wPÎKjvq e½eÜzi †PZbv

I eZ©gvb fvebv†MŠZg Kzgvi wek^vm

†M‡Q| c„w_exi KZ DÌvbcZb n‡q‡Q| KZ RvwZ, mf¨Zv G‡m‡Q, Aveviwejxb n‡q †M‡Q| me mf¨Zv m¤ú‡K© bv Rvb‡jI A‡bK mf¨Zvi K_vAvgiv †R‡bwQ Ges Dcjwä Ki‡Z †c‡iwQ †h Gi g~j Drm n‡”QwPÎKjv, fv¯‹h©, ¯’vcZ¨, KviæKjv| †h Kvi‡Y evsjv‡`‡ki wewfbœAÂ‡ji gvwU Luy‡o wewfbœ wb`k©b cvIqv †M‡Q, hv‡”Q Ges cvIqv hv‡e|wLª‡ói R‡b¥i ci †gŠh© esk, cvj esk, †mb esk †_‡K ïiæ K‡i †gvMjm¤ªvU AvKe‡ii ivRZ¡Kvj ch©šÍ wewfbœ ivRv-ev`kvni cÖvmv‡`wPÎKi‡ì wb‡qvM †Ìqv n‡Zv| †mB m‡½ wkíPP©v we`¨gvb wQj| mg‡qim‡½ m‡½ wk‡íi AMÖMwZ n‡q‡Q| Gfv‡e hLb gvby‡li Rxe‡b †gŠwjKPvwn`v¸‡jv c~iY Kiv mnR n‡jv, ZLb g‡bi wKQz wKQz Abyf‚wZ IKíbvkw³ GKwÎZ n‡q wkwíZ iƒc wbj| G aviv Abyyhvqx fviZxqDcgnv‡`‡k wk‡íi RvMiY n‡jv| ejv n‡q _v‡K, wkíKjv me©Kv‡j megvby‡li fvlv, Gi †Kv‡bv eqmmxgv †bB| ZvB nq‡Zv 70 eQi eq‡miex›`ªbv_ VvKzi Qwe Gu‡K fviZxq AvaywbK wPÎwk‡íi RbK n‡qD‡V‡Qb| µ‡g µ‡g evsjv‡`k †_‡K cÖ_g wkíx n‡q IVv RqbyjAv‡ew`b †ZZvwjø‡ki `ywf©ÿ‡K Kvwj-Kj‡gi †iLv w`‡q wekêvmx‡KRvwb‡q w`‡qwQ‡jb Zzwji kw³i K_v| 200 eQi kvm‡bi ci hLb1947 mv‡j †`k fvM n‡jv, ZLb wkívPvh© Rqbyj Av‡ew`b cw_K…rwkíx‡ì wb‡q D‡`¨vM wb‡jb PviæKjv PP©v‡K›`ª ¯’vc‡bi| PviæKjvAv‡›`vjb wbQK Qwe AuvKv †kLvi ¯‹zj cÖwZôvi Rb¨B bq| jv‡Lv evOvwjiAb¨vb¨ wkíKjv fvlv I mvgvwRK, ivR‰bwZK welq¸‡jvi m‡½ mgš^qK‡i GKwU †`kR I hy‡Mvc‡hvMx ms¯‹…wZPP©vi k³ wfZ ˆZwi Kiv|

1948 mv‡ji ci c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡b Ôevsjv‡KÕ ivóªfvlviƒ‡c cÖwZôviAv‡›`vj‡b wPÎwkíxiv bvbvfv‡e GKvZ¥ n‡q †cv÷vi-†d÷z‡b gyLwiZK‡i Zz‡jwQ‡jb| 7B gv‡P©i e½eÜzi kvwbZ fvlY ï‡b wPÎwkíxivGK‡RvU n‡q Av‡jvPbvq em‡jb, Zviv Avi A‡cÿv Ki‡Z PvB‡jb bv|ZvB wkíxiv Qwe I †cv÷v‡ii gva¨‡g cÖKv‡k¨B ¯^vaxbZv‡K ewjôfv‡eZz‡j ai‡jb|

1971 mv‡j evsjv‡`‡ki gyw³hy‡×i wel‡q †mB mg‡q wkï-wK‡kviiv wZb kZvwaK Qwe Auv‡K| cvwK¯Ívwbiv Kxfv‡e G‡`‡kiMÖvgvÂj R¦vwj‡q-cywo‡q w`‡q‡Q, Kxfv‡e wbixn gvby‡li Ici wbwe©Pv‡i¸wj Pvwj‡q gv, †evb, fvB‡K nZ¨v K‡i‡Q, Kxfv‡e MÖv‡gi ci MÖvg aŸsmK‡i w`‡q‡QÑ ZviB ev¯Íe wPÎ isZzwj‡Z dzwU‡q Zz‡j‡Q|

nvRvi eQ‡ii †kÖô evOvwj RvwZi wcZv e½eÜz †kL gywReyiingv‡bi my‡hvM¨ †bZ…‡Z¡ me PµvšÍKvixi b¨°viRbK N„Y¨ loh‡š¿i RvjwQbœ K‡i ewY©j ms¯‹…wZi HwZn¨c~Y© iƒcwm evsjv‡K †mvbvi evsjv wn‡m‡e

M‡o †Zv‡jb| Rqbyj Av‡ew`b †mvbviMuvmn XvKv wek^we`¨vj‡qi wPÎKjvI fv¯‹‡h©i cÖwZ Avjv`vfv‡e bRi w`‡qwQ‡jb, gyw³hy‡×i BwZnvm‡KZz‡j aivi Rb¨ cÖZxKx fv¯‹h© wbg©v‡Yi D‡`¨vM wb‡qwQ‡jb| 70wU evQvBKiv Qwe †`‡L nZf¤^ n‡q wkï‡ì D‡Ï‡k e‡jwQ‡jb, wkïivB RvwZifwel¨r| wkï‡ì fv‡jv jvMvi welq n‡jv wPÎKjv, hv wkïg‡bim„Rbkxj weKvk NUvq| gvby‡li g‡bi m„Rbkxj Kg©Kv‡Ði mvgwMÖK iƒcn‡jv wkíKjv| wkíx Zuvi Kíbv I †gavi m‡½ `ÿZv I iæwPi mgš^‡qwkí m„wó K‡ib| wkíx Zuvi m„wói Avb›` †_‡K wkí m„wó K‡ib e‡j†Kv‡bv euvavaiv wbq‡gi Aax‡b †djv hv‡e bv| wkíxi KvR n‡”QwkíKjvi gva¨‡g Avgv‡ì AšÍ`„©wó‡K m¤úªmvwiZ Kiv Ges Kíbvicwiwa evwo‡q †Zvjv|

e½eÜz †kL gywReyi ingvb‡K evQvB Kiv 70wU Qwe wkïwkíxiv†ivKby¾vgvb `v`v fvB‡K m‡½ wb‡q †`wL‡qwQj MYfe‡b| wkï‡ìcÖwZfvi cwiPq †c‡q e½eÜz Lye Lywk n‡qwQ‡jb Ges Zv‡ì cÖksmvK‡ib| wkï‡ì m‡½ e½eÜz †mw`b mv‡o wZb NÈv Avb‡›` KvUvb GesMí¸Re K‡ib| e½eÜz hLb Rvb‡jb wkívPvh© Qwe¸‡jv jÛ‡b wb‡qhv‡eb cÖ`k©bx Ki‡Z, ZLb wZwb LyeB Avbw›`Z n‡jb Ges ej‡jb,ÔAvwg GLbB jÛ‡b evsjv‡`‡ki nvBKwgk‡bi Kg©KZ©v‡K Rvwb‡q w`w”Q,Zuviv †hb me ai‡bi mn‡hvwMZv K‡ib| wZwb Av‡iv ej‡jb, wkï‡ìAuvKv Qwe¸‡jv evsjv‡`‡ki g~jëvb m¤ú`| Avgv‡ì wkïivI †hevsjv‡`‡ki ¯^vaxbZvi †MŠi‡ei Lei we‡kî Kv‡Q †cuŠ‡Q w`‡Z cvi‡Q,GUv Avgv‡ì Rb¨ wekvj †MŠi‡ei|

Gfv‡eB evsjv‡`‡ki wkïiv Qwe Gu‡K gyw³hy‡×i BwZnvm Zz‡ja‡i‡Q wekêvmxi Kv‡Q|

wZwb Av‡iv e‡jb, Qwe AuvKvi d‡j wkïi g‡b my›ì wPšÍvi D`qN‡U, we‡eK‡K cwigvwR©Z K‡i my›`‡ii c‡_ avweZ nq Ges Av‡eM,Avb›`, `ytL, †ÿvf, Abyf‚wZ‡K bv›`wbK A‡_© Av‡jvwoZ K‡i| wkíxKvBq~g †PŠayix I gZzR©v ekxi‡K AvnŸvqK K‡i GKwU ev¯Íevqb KwgwUK‡i 10 w`‡b K‡qKkÕ Qwe I †cv÷vi Gu‡K wPÎwkíxiv 1971 mv‡ji17B gvP© e½eÜz †kL gywReyi ingv‡bi Rb¥w`‡b knx` wgbvi †_‡K wecøexwP‡Îi wgwQj †ei Ki‡jb Awfbe Kvq`vq|

ejv n‡q _v‡K, wPÎKjv me©Kv‡ji me gvby‡li fvlv| wkíxi †Pv‡Le½eÜz wb‡RB GKUv wbt¯^M© K¨vbfvm| Zuv‡K wewfbœfv‡e, wewfbœ Avw½‡KAuvKvB GKRb wkíxi KvR|

†jLK: wkÿK I wPÎKi

62

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1.†Zvgvi eyK cÖmvwiZ n‡jv Afz¨_v‡bi ¸wji AcPq

eÜ Ki‡Z, †Kbbv Zzwg †Zv Rv‡bv, GK-GKwU ¸wji g~j¨GKRb K…l‡Ki GK †ejvi A‡bœi †P‡q †ewk|

†Kbbv Zzwg †Zv Rv‡bv, GK-GKwU ¸wji g~j¨ GKRbkÖwg‡Ki GK †ejvi wm‡bgv †`Lvi Avb‡›ì †P‡q †ewk|

g~j¨nxb ïay †Zvgvi Rxeb, ïay †Zvgvi Rxeb, wcZv|................................................

wmuwo wWwO‡q, eviv›`vi †g‡S Mwo‡q †mB i³,†mB jvj UKU‡K i³ evsjvi `ye©v †Quvqvi Av‡MB

Avgv‡ì K‡b©j ˆmb¨‡ì wd‡i hvevi euvwk evRv‡jb|

wbg©‡j›`y My‡Yi Ô†mB ivwÎi KíKvwnbxÕ KweZvqKwe GKRb gnvcyiæ‡li we`v‡qi ¶Y‡K Aw¼ZK‡i‡Qb c‡`ï Q‡›` hvZbvi ga¨ w`‡q| G hvZbvGKRb MMbwe`vix KÉ¯^‡ii †_‡g hvIqvi,GKRb wMwi-ce©Zmgvb gvby‡li we`v‡qi, GKwURvwZi gnvb bvq‡Ki wPiwe`v‡qi| Kwe Av‡¶cK‡i Zvi KweZvq †kÖô evOvwji we`vq‡K gyûgy©ûK‡i Zz‡j‡Qb Zvi †jLbx‡Z|

c„w_exi gvbyl AvR evsjv‡`k‡K wP‡b,Rv‡b| evsjv‡`‡ki AvPvi-ms¯‹…wZ, HwZn¨‡KRv‡b| Avi Rv‡b evOvwj RvwZi gnvb †bZve½eÜz †kL gywReyi ingvb‡K|

63

cÖ e Ü. .

e½eÜzi 7B gv‡P©i fvlY

I cÖvmw½KZvwebq `Ë

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64

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3

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4

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