The Vision for the tidal Thames

2035

The Thames Vision is the framework for the development of the tidal Thames between now and 2035. It has been developed with stakeholders over 18 months, starting in Spring 2015. The Vision covers six goals for growth and actions to deliver these goals. This document covers the context for the Vision today, the goals and priority actions, the governance framework and how we will report progress.

About the Thames Vision

ContentsIntroduction

Summary of Thames Vision goals and priority actions

Context

How the Thames Vision has developed

Thames Vision to 2035: Goals and priority actions

Delivering the shared Vision

Tracking progress and delivery

Vision goals and priority actions in detail

Port of London – More trade, more jobs

Inland freight – More goods off roads onto the river

Passenger transport – More journeys

Sport and recreation – More participants

Environment and heritage – Improved tidal Thames environment

Community and culture – More people enjoying the Thames and its banks

About the Port of London Authority

Annex: Organisations who have contributed to the Vision

References

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For more than two thousand years, the RiverThames has been central to London’s evolution,shaping its communities and underpinning itseconomy. Culturally, the Thames is part of whatmakes London celebrated in poetry, prose, artand music. As we have cleaned the river up inthe last two generations, it has becomeincreasingly valued as a ribbon of blue spaceenjoyed by millions of people, sustaining avibrant marine environment for wildlife.

The Thames Vision is a 20 year view of theriver’s future, developed with stakeholders withthe goal of making the most of its potential, forthe benefit of all. It is the first of its kind,covering 95 miles of the tidal Thames, runningthrough London to the North Sea. The Thamesis as iconic as the global city it runs through.

Over the next two decades the Vision sees thevalue of the Thames better understood and itspotential realised. It sets out the enormousopportunities for growth on and alongside theThames, and its importance for the wider growthof London, Kent, Essex and beyond. It embracesgrowth in all aspects of river use, from trade andtravel to sport and recreation.

The tidal Thames sits at the centre of a capitalcity, and wider region, where projected demandfor housing and jobs is unprecedented. The

Vision sees the river at the heart of new,sustainable communities looking towards, notaway from, the Thames. By making the most of the river, the Thames will play a key role inboth transporting people and goods, providing a space for sport, recreation and a cultural hub too.

We have led the development of the Vision, overthe last 18 months, in our work as Custodians ofthe tidal Thames. This is part of our role as aTrust Port to hand the tidal Thames on in abetter condition to succeeding generations. Webrought people together to create this sharedVision, with input from the port, transport andhousing sectors, from local communities,environmental organisations, sports clubs andothers. We are very grateful for all the input andin the commitment, now, to delivering it.

We are looking forward to working with thepartners who helped develop the Vision, astogether we make the most of the tidal Thames.

Robin MortimerChief ExecutivePort of London Authority (PLA)4 July 2016

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Introduction

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Port ofLondon:More trade,more jobs

The busiest ever Port of London,handling 60 – 80 million tonnesof cargo each year, on the doorstep of Europe’s biggestmetropolitan consumer market.

� Sustain private sectorinvestment

� Improve navigational access tothe port

� Improve rail and road accessto port operations/terminals,including:

� Lower Thames Crossingdownstream of Tilbury, by2025

� At least three furtherThames crossings to theeast of Tower Bridge, thatallow continuation of rivertrade; the first by 2022

� Widening of the A13, by theend of 2018

� Closure of level crossingsaffecting operationalterminals, by 2020

� Deliver efficient, effective andsustainable PLA harbour andpilotage services to supportgrowth

Inland Freight:More goods off roads onto the river

More goods and materials routinely moved betweenwharves on the river – every yearover 4 million tonnes carried bywater – taking over 400,000 lorrytrips off the region’s roads.

� Double underlying intra-portfreight to over 4 million tonnes

� Champion the Thames as adefault choice for moving spoiland materials from infrastructureprojects close to the river

� Maintain or reactivate viablecargo handling facilities, withat least five additional facilitiesbrought into operation by 2025

� Extend the River Concordat topromote freight movements bywater

� Develop the Thames SkillsAcademy to provide the skillsneeded on the Thames

PassengerTransport:More journeys

Double the number of peopletravelling by river – reaching 20million commuter and touristtrips every year.

� Make more efficient use ofpiers and river space, includingnew timetabling to managepeaks in traffic

� Innovate to achieve morepassenger journeys at currentlow peak times

� Develop and implement a long-term pier strategy

� Convene a consultative forumto address issues of wash fromgrowth in passenger transport

� Secure the infrastructurerequired for growth in thetransport of passengers andgoods on the Thames

Sport andRecreation:More participants

Greater participation in sport andrecreation on and alongside thewater.

� Ascertain current levels of sportparticipation and work towardsincreasing participation on andalongside the Thames

� Extend sport opportunityzones on the Thames

� Realise new visitor mooringsand publicise the availability ofall visitor moorings effectively

� Join up the Thames Path fromsource to sea

Environmentand Heritage:Improved tidalThames environment

The river the cleanest since theIndustrial Revolution, withimproved habitats andawareness of heritage.

� Build and bring into operationthe Thames Tideway Tunnel by 2021

� Improve water quality by arange of measures includingreduced litter in the river

� Improve biodiversity of sitesrecognised for their wildlifeinterest, and the connectionsbetween them

� Identify and improve access to,and appreciation of, thehistoric environment along the Thames

� Encourage uptake of new andgreen technologies to reducethe port’s environmentalimpact

Community andCulture:More peopleenjoying the Thamesand its banks

A riverside which is a magnet forramblers, historians, artists andothers, whether living nearby, onthe river or travelling from furtherafield.

� Enhance access to informationabout the Thames

� Educate local school childrenabout the Thames

� Create new appropriateresidential mooringsaccommodating suitablevessels

� Explore development of aThames brand for culture,heritage and quality of life

Summary of Thames Vision goals and priority actions

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1.2 Thames Tideway Tunnel

A second significant context for theThames Vision is the ThamesTideway Tunnel. This is the biggestsingle investment in water andsewerage infrastructure in Londonsince Balzalgette’s Victorian schemecreated the London embankments inthe nineteenth century. Like theVictorian scheme, the £4 billionThames Tideway Tunnel will have atransformative effect on thecleanliness of the river. With thetunnel in operation, the Thames willbe the cleanest it has been since theIndustrial Revolution. At the sametime, the river will provide the arteryfor transporting up to eight milliontonnes of spoil and constructionmaterial for this project. This is avery important demonstration of thestrategic importance of the tidalThames in supporting infrastructuredevelopment projects. Part of thedevelopment of the Vision has focused on the new opportunities this nationalinfrastructure project will create in the 2020s and 2030s. There are numerous ways in which the public can benefit from acleaner river and at the same time transform the perception of the Thames.

1.3 Climate change

A third context is the world’s changing climate, as greenhouse gases continue to accumulate in the atmosphere. Over the next 20 years, we can expect continuing global warming, sea level rise, significant changes in UK weather patterns and more extreme weatherevents.4 Managing flood risk throughout theThames Estuary continues to be a high priority.The Thames Barrier will need replacing in duecourse, though this is not expected within the 20 year timeframe of this Vision. However,Environment Agency data shows that there willneed to be continuing investment in both ‘hard’and ‘soft’ flood defences along the ThamesEstuary, to protect people and property.

1.4 Europe

We will be looking to work with river operatorsand users to prepare for any changes as a resultof the UK’s vote on membership of the EuropeanUnion.

1.5 Safety

An underlying assumption throughout this Visiondocument is that growing river use has to beachieved with high levels of safety. The PLA, shipand terminal operators, the Maritime andCoastguard Agency (MCA), RNLI and emergencyservices work together to maintain and improveriver safety. Initiatives include working withoperators and groups to raise safety issues,providing improved safety guidance (e.g. theRowing Code of Practice), promoting continuousimprovement in vessel standards andencouraging improved reporting of incidents tothe PLA and MCA, including ‘near miss’ reporting.Interpretation of this data has already assisted inidentifying new safety initiatives, includingimproving the collective response to riverincidents. There has been a decrease in seriousor very serious incidents on the tidal Thames inrecent years.5

1. Context:

1.1 Future development facing the river

The Vision comes at a time when London isgrowing ever bigger, and there is a major focus on how to meet growing demand. The capital’spopulation is expected to grow, on currentprojections, from today’s 8.6 million people to 10 million by 2035, and to 11 million by 2050.

A lot of the opportunity for this growth could be delivered along the River Thames at Barking, Bexley, Greenwich, Havering, Newham and Tower Hamlets in London, and in Kent and Essex. These opportunities for significant new housing,as well as commercial space, infrastructure andother development, frame how the Thames and its banks will develop over the next two decades.

The new Mayor of London has set out the vitalrole that the River Thames plays in London’seconomy, the movement of freight andpassengers and the wellbeing of all Londoners.At the same time, Lord Heseltine is leading a 2050 Thames Estuary Growth Commission,announced in the 2016 Budget,1 and Lord Adonis is leading the National InfrastructureCommision.2 These together provide theopportunity to consider an integrated river- andland-based approach to meeting the growingneeds of transport, recreation, environment andwell-being as well as housing.

Development of the strategic transport network tomeet the needs of the growing city and the widerregion will be essential. Investment in rivercrossings will be part of this. Transport forLondon has proposed 13 crossings across theThames, mostly in east London where populationgrowth is expected to be concentrated.3 Newcrossings need to be in the right place, with theright design, taking full regard of the importanceof the river as a navigational waterway enshrinedin common law – so that the economic,environmental and social benefits of river usecontinue to be realised.

River crossings need to be part of the ThamesVision, not separate from it. They can thenprovide the crucial infrastructure needed both inbuilding the houses and developments and insupplying their needs once developed – transportof people and goods. It means considering arange of crossings, including: ferries (creatingdestination points along the Thames), tunnels andbridges. Similarly, the response to housing needsshould not be to close off the opportunity tofurther develop cargo-handling facilities thatprovide opportunities for the sustainablemovement of goods. The last major wave ofdocklands development did not make the most ofthe riverside locations. This time developmentssuch as Fulham Reach are realising theopportunity to do this differently and make themost of the riverside location.

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2. How the Thames Vision hasdeveloped

The Thames Vision project is led by the PLA,based on a collaborative approach, for a sharedVision for the Thames. At the PLA, we overseesafe navigation along the tidal Thames, sharingour marine, environmental, planning and otherexpertise to promote use of the river andsafeguard its unique marine environment. More detail on what we do is included towardsthe end of this publication (p.34).

The Vision project was launched in March 2015,when the public and users of the river Thameswere invited to ‘Have Your Say’ on its future.There were over 200 responses to the initial ‘callfor evidence’, nearly half of which were frommembers of the public. Three public meetings –in Putney, the Southbank and Orsett – were heldin May and June 2015, attracting over 200participants. A summary of the responses ispublished in the Thames Vision section of thePLA website (www.pla.co.uk/ThamesVision).

We held round table discussions in Septemberand October 2015 covering the breadth of currentuses of the Thames: port and infrastructure;inland freight; passenger transport; sport andrecreation; houseboats; environment andheritage; and culture and community. Over 75organisations were involved, exploring thepotential for and barriers to growth, and the priorities for achieving that growth in the next 20 years.

Alongside this engagement, we commissionedfour external studies to provide a strong evidencebase for the Thames Vision. The studies arepublished either in full or as summaries in theThames Vision section of the PLA website(www.pla.co.uk/ThamesVision). They are on:

� River Thames economic prosperity, carried outby SQW. This estimates the economic value ofmaritime and port operations on the Thames.

� River Thames public amenity, carried out byOxford Economics. This estimates the amenityvalue of the tidal Thames, considering tourismbenefits, sport and health implications and thevalue of living near the River Thames.

� River capacity in central London,commissioned jointly with Transport forLondon, carried out by Marico Marine. This identifies how capacity in central Londoncould be optimised to support the growth ofvessel traffic.

� Forecast growth in port trade, carried out byStamford Research Group. A combination ofeconometric and market intelligence was usedto derive forecasts for cargo handled in the Port of London to the year 2035.

We launched a consultation on the emerginggoals and priority actions in December 2015. The responses – over 120 from the full length of the tidal Thames and covering the mainsectoral interests – can be found in the ThamesVision section of the PLA website.

This document sets out the final goals andpriority actions of the Thames Vision. It is a single Vision for the Thames, to be delivered by multiple stakeholders under the PLA’scustodian role.

Bringing together so manybusinesses to speak with one voiceis something the airport operators

could learn from“

”Daily Telegraph, 3rd January 2016

3. Thames Vision to 2035: Goals andpriority actions

The Vision sets out the enormous opportunitiesfor growth on and alongside the River Thames,and its importance for the wider growth ofLondon, Kent and Essex. Our economic analysisshows that today the river supports over 40,000jobs in the ports, logistics and transport sectors,generating over £4 billion of gross value added ayear. In addition, there are a further 99,000 jobsin tourism and related businesses in the riparianboroughs alongside the river.

The Vision sets out how to unleash the potentialgrowth in all types of river use. By 2035 we willsee greater use of the Thames in all aspects:from port trade to passenger transport, sport andrecreation to cultural enjoyment. Achieving thiswill require long-term thinking and strongpartnerships across public, private and voluntarysectors.

The goals we have set are:

1. The busiest ever Port of London, handling 60 – 80 million tonnes of cargo, on thedoorstep of Europe’s biggest metropolitanconsumer market.

2. More goods and materials routinely movedbetween wharves on the river – every year over4 million tonnes carried by water – taking over400,000 lorries off the region’s roads.

3. Double the number of people travelling by river– reaching 20 million commuter and touristtrips every year.

The priority actions have thepotential to achieve the goals

identified by the public and users ofthe River Thames over the next 20years. The river is a vibrant focalpoint and with a strategy has thecapacity to further develop andfacilitate sport and recreation,tourism, transport, industry,

commerce, and housing. It is a mixthat significantly contributes to

prosperity in the London Region

“

British Canoeing, Goals and PriorityActions Consultation Feedback”

4. Greater participation in sport and recreationon and alongside the water.

5. The cleanest Thames since the IndustrialRevolution, with improved habitats andawareness of heritage.

6. A riverside which is a magnet for ramblers,historians, artists and others, whether livingnearby, on the river or travelling fromfurther afield.

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3.1 Delivering the shared Vision

This is a shared Vision of the River Thames.Working together over the next two decades isessential to turning it into reality.

Development of the Vision has been convenedand led by the PLA – the Custodians of the tidalThames. Delivery falls to the PLA and a wholehost of organisations and groups, many of whomhave contributed to the development of theVision. Those who have contributed so far arelisted in the Annex (p.35).

Delivery will vary according to the priority actionsrequired to deliver the goals:

� The PLA will be leading some of the priorityactions – and we are reviewing our strategy toensure we are well-placed to deliver.

� In other cases, different organisations are in thelead: such as Tideway building and bringinginto operation the Thames Tideway Tunnel.

� Some will be new strategic alliances, workingwith us to deliver the Thames Vision, such asSport England and London Sport to realisegreater participation in sport on the Thamesand its banks.

� Others are working together to strengthen thevoice of stakeholders on key decisions affectingthe Thames, such as river operators and

terminal operators working alongsideGovernment and national authorities to doublethe underlying intra-port freight carried by wateror to improve road and rail access to the port.

� Some established meetings will need to take onmore ambitious targets, such as the RiverConcordat championing the Thames as adefault choice for moving spoil and materialsfrom infrastructure projects.

The PLA, with this combination of organisations,will work closely with the GLA and localauthorities in delivering the Vision.

3.2 Tracking progress and delivery

Building on the co-design approach todeveloping the Vision, delivery will continue to bewith a broad range of stakeholders. Each of thesix goals will be met through a rolling series oftime-bound priority actions with Key PerformanceIndicators (KPIs).

Governance will use existing fora whereverpossible, for example the River Concordat, orconvening new groups where necessary.Progress will be reported against priority actionsat an annual conference.

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Port andInfrastructure Group

Environment Sport, Recreation and Leisure

‘River Concordat’:Passenger and freight transport

(London)Targeted events forLocal Authorities

Annual Thames Conference

These goals are bold and ambitious, reflectingthe enormous potential of the river to deliverwhat the growing capital and the wider region need.

Alongside setting overall goals, we have lookedat where these goals can best be realised. The‘Opportunity Map’ for the tidal Thames (copyenclosed in the pocket in the back cover of thisdocument) summarises current and potential

river uses and infrastructure. For example, themap shows Opportunity Zones for sport: areaswhere there are sports already and potential newareas. The zones should encourage investmentand interest in new river activity. These goalsapply to the whole length of the river. To enablewider access, the map is published in aninteractive format on our website:www.pla.co.uk/ThamesVision

“Can it succeed? Unlike the crisisthat surrounds London’s

shortage of aviation capacity, atleast someone is standing ondeck, planning ahead — long

before the industry that dependson the river has sailed into

troubled waters

”London Evening Standard, 14thDecember 2015

“Wishing only good things for theThames – far and away the best

‘thing’ I've enjoyed about living inLondon the past 25+ years

”Member of public, Goals and PriorityActions Consultation Feedback

Thames Vision delivery and reporting structure

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Port of

London

4.1 Port of London – More trade, more jobs

Today, 2016

The River Thames is home to the second biggestport in the UK, on the doorstep of London and theSouth East, the biggest markets in the UK. With96% of UK imports/exports by volume coming inor leaving by sea, it is an essential part of theUK’s infrastructure.6 This strategic asset suppliesLondon, the South East and markets across theUK with life’s essentials: food, fuel, buildingmaterials and household goods.

There are over 70 independently run terminalsand wharves along the tidal Thames. The porthandled over 45 million tonnes of goods andmaterials in 2015 and provided employment for43,000 people, of whom 27,000 were directlyemployed in port operations, with a further 16,000jobs in the supply chains that support the portand other indirect impacts. In total, the overallGross Value Added of the Port of London in 2015was £4 billion.7

The port comprises a wide range of terminals,including:

� multi-purpose Port of Tilbury handlingcontainerised, roll on/roll-off and bulkcommodities

� London Gateway, a specialised container port

� several oil products storage terminals, including Navigator, Shell, NuStar, Esso and Calor Gas

� terminals handling building materials, owned by operators including Cemex, Hanson, Tarmac, Brett Aggregates and J Clubb; over half the aggregates sold inLondon are handled at a Thames wharf

� specialist terminals, including Europe’s largest cane sugar refinery, Tate & Lyle atSilvertown and Ford’s engine making andlogistics hub at Dagenham

Forecast demand

The Port of London is on the doorstep ofEurope’s biggest metropolitan consumer market,with consumer spending in Greater Londonforecast to grow from £129 billion in 2014 to £199billion in 2035. London alone accounts forapproximately 22.9% of UK GVA, and as part ofthe wider South East that figure increases to38%.8 The Port of London is strategically placedto best service this already huge and growingmarket.

The PLA commissioned Stamford ResearchGroup to undertake forecasts of growth until2035. The forecasts are a combination of: (i) econometric modelling (from estimates of futuretraffic and economic activity in the UK, based on

the relationship between traffic and economicactivity); and (ii) market intelligence (from marketresearch interviewing the port terminals). Thismarket research was applied and forecasts wereproduced for all types of cargo handled in thePort of London, including intra-port traffic.

Stamford Research Group forecasts that totalinter-port trade will increase to between 56 and93 million tonnes in 2035, depending upon low orhigh assumptions (see graph, left). Forcomparison, the largest tonnage ever handled in the Port of London was 61.6 million tonnes in 1964.

Forecasts for unitised trade, petroleum,aggregates/cement, other cargoes, total intra-portand inter-port traffic are published in the Visionsection of the PLA’s website.

Vision, 2035

We have set the goal: The 20 year Vision willsee the Port of London becoming the biggestit’s ever been, handling 60 – 80 million tonnesof cargo each year, on the doorstep ofEurope’s biggest metropolitan consumermarket

To achieve this goal in a safe and sustainable way,we have set the following priority actions:

1. Sustain private sector investment. Growthwill be driven primarily by the private sector. £2.5 billion of port investment is alreadyhappening or planned over the next five yearsalone. Sustaining these levels of investmentrequires a business-friendly framework of publicpolicy and for the PLA, as statutory harbourauthority, to support a commercially attractiveport. As part of the development of this Vision, a‘Port & Infrastructure’ group met, comprisingsome of the major terminal operators and keypublic bodies. This group will be established as aregular forum to deliver the growth goal for thePort of London. It will focus on influencing publicspending decisions on major infrastructureprojects, planning policy and, more generally,making the port as commercially attractive as itcan be.

2. Improve navigational access to the port.The wider Thames Estuary contains the mainapproach channels that provide access to theRiver Thames and the commercial port. This areais a dynamic natural environment where sandbanks and shoals are constantly moving,dissolving and reforming. The PLA is responsiblefor the conservancy of the tidal Thames, whichincludes maintaining safe and open access to theport, by ensuring navigational channels deepenough to meet current and future shipping

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Source: Stamford Research Group, 2015

4. Vision goals and priority actions in detail

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Port of

London

needs. The PLA will respond as appropriate tochanging market demands on both capital andmaintenance dredging, whilst maintaining thehighest standards of environmental protection.

3. Improve rail and road access to portoperations/terminals, including:

� Lower Thames Crossing downstream ofTilbury, by 2025. There is a pressing case for anew Lower Thames Crossing. The consensusview from port operators is that the moststrategic option is downstream from Tilbury.The reasons for this are:

� reducing pressure on the M25 and theexisting Dartford Crossings

� creating new routes linking the A13 and A2

� the new logistics parks at London Gatewayand the Port of Tilbury

� Highways England consulted on a new LowerThames Crossing connecting Kent and Essex inMarch 2016, with the recommended solution adual carriageway connecting junction 1 of theM2 to the M25 between junctions 29 and 30.This would cross under the River Thames via abored tunnel crossing just east of Gravesendand Tilbury. A tunnel would ensure the fullrange of river uses continuing unimpeded,especially access for large sea-going vessels,as well as providing a 70mph motorway-to-motorway connection with the greatestimprovement in journey times and a modern,high quality road along its entire length.

� At least three further Thames crossings tothe east of Tower Bridge, that allowcontinuation of river trade, the first by 2022.All types of crossings – bridges, tunnels andferries – need to be considered. The firstproposed new crossing is the SilvertownTunnel. This has the potential to bring relief tothe congested Blackwall Tunnel which was lastexpanded in 1967. It will bring significanteconomic benefits to both sides of the river. For the second and third crossings, variouslocations have been proposed includingGallions Reach and Halfway Reach(Belvedere/Dagenham). From the port’sperspective, there is a pressing need for betterriver crossing infrastructure to enable transportof freight, and improved connectivity for people.These need to be sited and designed so that

they allow the full range of river uses tocontinue, especially large sea-going vessels. Inthis way we will enable growth in port trade andin the transport of goods and people by river.

� Widening of the A13, by the end of 2018.Increasing the capacity of the A13, especially atand adjacent to the M25 interchanges with theDartford Crossings, will reduce congestion andthe potential for knock-on effects. The currentarrangement is unsustainable: incidents veryquickly have consequences, introducing inwardand outward delays for cargo handling facilitiesin the port. All port facilities in the area wouldbenefit from such an improvement in the localroad infrastructure and its links to the motorwaynetwork.

� Closure of level crossings affectingoperational terminals, by 2020. This willcreate 24-hour free access, thus avoidingdelays associated with railway level crossings,which will be very beneficial for cargo handlingfacilities and safety.

4. Deliver efficient, effective and sustainablePLA harbour and pilotage services to supportgrowth. The PLA’s core conservancy, harbourauthority and pilotage duties support all types ofriver use.

� For commercial traffic we provide appropriatelymaintained, marked and surveyed navigationchannels giving optimum access for customers.We regularly invest in new equipment, vesselsand staff to survey channels and evaluatechannel depths against customer requirements.The same applies to Vessel Traffic Servicessystems and personnel in order to maintaineffective planning and control of vesselmovements on the Thames.

� On pilotage, our goal is to provide the optimumnumber of trained and experienced pilots tomeet demand. Investment in both recruitmentand training of new pilots will enable us to meetincreased demand and create a balanced pilotgroup age profile. This is a priority for the PLA.

� Continued investment in simulation capabilitiessupports our pilot training regime and enablesus, with customers, to assess new businessopportunities through trialling vesselmanoeuvring. We will continue to support andencourage the use of Pilotage ExemptionCertificates for services calling regularly at the

port, as this reduces the cost to the customerand increases their flexibility for arrivals anddepartures.

� We support safe growth in other river uses,including passenger boat operations, inlandwaterways freight and sport and recreation,through the provision of advice, publication ofguidance, and provision of harbour servicesincluding river patrols and driftwood clearance.

� Our goal is continuously to improve our internalprocesses to provide all river users with supportand advice around delivery of statutoryrequirements such as licensing, consents,surveying, examinations and auditing, in a costeffective and timely way.

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FACTSDirect road connectivity to the national road network via an eight lane motorway.

Rail connectivity to the largest distribution depots in the country and to mainland Europe.

Within 35 miles of four of the nation’s largest airports.

Importing and exporting goods, serving 65 million people across the UK.

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COASTAL/SHORT SEA SHIPPING

RAIL FREIGHT NETWORK

NATIONAL MOTORWAYS

PRINCIPAL ROADS

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Port of London in the UK Transport Network

Forecast demand

With strong demand for new development andthe resultant pressures on land in London, it ismore important than ever to protect viablewharves and to bring into use those currentlyvacant wharves. These will serve the needs ofthe construction industry and other sectors, andprovide new opportunities to transport a widerrange of goods by river. In the consultations therewas a strong call to transport more and a greaterrange of materials and new goods by river overthe next 20 years.

As London grows to the east, there is potential tosupply these new communities, with the transportof more household and containerised goods by

river too. This would potentially enable thecreation of better living environments, with fewerlorry movements and improved safety forresidents.

With the concentration of container ports atTilbury and London Gateway and the growth oflogistic parks and Regional Distribution Centres(RDCs) on the banks of the Thames to the east, itmakes sense to look at the potential fortransporting more of the goods that have come inby sea along the river to the largest consumermarket in the UK. This is the logical extension ofthe port centric distribution model now replacingthe established transport of goods in containersto Midlands distribution centres which then comeback to London. Within the 20 year time period ofthe Vision, this would potentially includeconsolidation operations for construction,supermarkets and home deliveries, and unloadinginfrastructure, to deliver these by sustainable roadvehicles. This has the added advantage ofmaking the Port of London more attractive toimporters – the quicker the flow through time forgoods from arrival at port through the logisticscentre to arrival with the end user, the moreattractive the offer.

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4.2 Inland freight – More goods off roads onto the river

Today, 2016

The River Thames is a critical piece of transportinfrastructure, for the capital, the region andnationally. It is by far the UK’s busiest inlandwaterway, and volumes moved have increased tothe record level of 5.5 million tonnes carried byriver in 2014 as a series of strategic projectscontributed significant volumes of material beingmoved on the river. Over the last ten years, if weexclude major projects at Blackfriars Bridge(Thameslink improvements), Lea Tunnel, LondonGateway dredging and Crossrail, a long-termaverage of 2.15 million tonnes were transportedeach year in the Port of London, with 1.8 milliontonnes moved in Greater London.

The Thames and its wharves (cargo-handlingfacilities) are critical to the river borne supply andmovement of construction materials, spoil,household refuse and vegetable oils. Efficienthandling of building materials and spoil isessential for both large construction projects andgeneral building in the region now and to meet theforecast construction demand in the future.

In 2014, over 7.3 million tonnes of marineaggregates were landed at Thames wharves, withsales from London wharves increasing each yearsince 2010.9 Marine dredged aggregates provide50% of all of London’s aggregates supply. Withcontinued population growth and depletion ofland-won resources, demand and need for marinedredged and imported aggregates will continue togrow.

At the moment the majority of goods moved onthe river are from construction projects. Thesehave shown what is possible in terms of movingout construction and excavation waste andbringing in construction materials by river. Therecently started excavation works for the NorthernLine extension at Battersea will transport 600,000tonnes of waste to Tilbury in Essex. This willremove over 40,000 lorry journeys by road andprevent 2,000 tonnes of carbon emissions.10

What is critical is growing the baseload of goodsand materials routinely moved by river. This willsustain the industry at a higher level, providing the

incentive for further private investment. We willlook for all riparian sites to use the river wherepracticable. Not just the major infrastructureprojects such as the Northern Line extension, butother scales of projects too as we have seen atBattersea Power Station and at Fulham Wharf.

There is a strong environmental case for using thetidal river for the transport of goods and materials.Every 1,000 tonne barge on the river takes 100lorry movements off the roads. This delivers anumber of wider benefits. It reduces congestionon the roads with benefits for road safety,particularly for cyclists and pedestrians which is akey priority. It is the most environmentallysustainable option. Transport by barge isestimated to produce about one third of thegreenhouse gas emissions per kilo carried,compared to the equivalent journey by lorry.11

Critical to making the most of the river for movingfreight, cargo-handling facilities must be availablethroughout the capital, Kent and Essex, to getgoods and materials on and off the river and tomaximise the benefit of the river’s east to westlink. This means both retaining viable currentoperational facilities and reactivating those not inoperation.

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Inland

Freig

ht

01234567

2014

2015

2016

2017

2018

2019

2020

2021

2022

2023

2024

2025

2026

2027

2028

2029

2030

2031

2032

2033

2034

2035

Port of London Intra-port Traffic ForecastM

illion

Tonn

es 5.0

HighCentralLow

3.63.7 3.9 4.2

5.96.2

5.5 5.2 5.4 5.7

Source: Stamford Research Group, 2015

3. Maintain or reactivate viable cargo handlingfacilities, with at least five additional facilitiesbrought into operation by 2025. Having exit andentry points to the river is fundamental for freightand cargo transported by river. Strategically-placed operational cargo handling facilities areneeded to link with road and rail. Continuation ofLondon’s safeguarded wharves policy – whichprotects viable wharves along the tidal Thames inGreater London for the transport of goods andmaterials – is vital. Equally so, reactivatingsafeguarded wharves that are lying dormant, withdevelopers sitting tight hoping that they can beturned instead into riverside housingdevelopments contrary to established policy.Within the next decade, Peruvian, Orchard andHurlingham safeguarded wharves as well aswharves downstream of London should bebrought into operation.

4. Extend the River Concordat to promotefreight movements by water. By setting a targetwe can gain momentum to make this change inthe same way that a target for passengertransport on the river was very effective. Byhaving a freight target, we can encourage themodal shift from road to rail, looking at timing offreight, financial incentives (where appropriate)and having the right infrastructure in place.

5. Develop the Thames Skills Academy toprovide the skills needed on the Thames. Withsustained increases in passenger and freightmovements on the Thames, and majorinfrastructure projects such as the Thames

Tideway Tunnel, there are immediate needs formore, well qualified people to work on vessels.These people need to be well trained, so there isa clear and pressing need to improve trainingprovision (including Boatmaster’s Licencequalifications), raise standards and enhance skillson the river.

The Thames Skills Academy is being establishedas a Group Training Association. This is the long-established concept of a learning partnership, inthis case of marine-based employers, which iswell placed to make the most of Governmenttraining systems and associated funding.

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Overall the Vision is proposing a step change ininbound and outbound movement of goods andmaterials by river, rather than by road, setting atarget for the underlying, routine transport ofgoods, rather than a target that includes the majorinfrastructure projects that are inherently morevolatile in terms of volumes. This type of modalshift will require significant buy in and support atGovernment and local authority level.

Vision, 2035

We have set the goal: The 20 year Vision willsee more goods and materials routinely movedbetween wharves on the river – every year over4 million tonnes carried by water – taking over400,000 lorry trips off the region’s roads.

To achieve this goal in a safe and sustainable way,we have set the following priority actions:

1. Double underlying intra-port freight carriedby water (i.e. excluding infrastructureprojects) to over 4 million tonnes. A modal shiftto routine transport of goods and materials byriver is important. Whilst infrastructure projectsprovide a significant boost to internal river traffic,

they are necessarily short term and cannot beforeseen. As such the Vision is promoting thedoubling of the ‘underlying’ average volumesmoved on the river. There are economic benefitsin terms of the efficiency of the logistics ofdelivery of goods (from port to logistics centre toend customer) of this approach, enhancing thePort of London’s offer to customers. There areclear environmental and quality of life benefitstoo, in terms of reducing air pollution and roadcongestion.

2. Champion the Thames as a default choicefor moving spoil and materials frominfrastructure projects close to the river. Thechallenges are to make the most of the potentialof the river, for example by raising awareness andsharing best practice: incorporating watertransport into riparian boroughs’ transport plansand wider planning policies, as has beensuccessful with the London Plan; use ofconditions encouraging use of the river; andencouraging trials of new services to existingcargo-handling facilities, for example in westLondon.

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Inland

Freig

ht

Navigator Terminals, Goals and PriorityActions Consultation Feedback

“

”

More emphasis on the value of usingthe Thames to reduce urban trafficand statutory redirection of certain

trades to use river facilities rather thanroad by targeted use of planning

regulation, this will require buy in atGovernmental and Local Authoritylevel so significant lobbying and

collaboration is required but could bea unity point for many stakeholders

environmentally the cleanest cruise ship afloat.Some £68 million investment is planned inpassenger and cruise related services over thenext five years.13

Jointly with Transport for London, the PLAcommissioned Marico Marine to ascertain thecapacity of the river to accommodate passengerand freight transport in central London. Theevidence showed that there is considerablecapacity for more transport on the river –passengers and freight – with active management.This is especially the case if more navigablespace is made and if we look to increasepassenger journeys in the early morning andevenings, as well as outside of summer schoolholidays. To make the most of this, choices areneeded. Growth in every aspect of river use willnot always be possible at the same time in thesame place. Our experience and the researchshows that some limited parts of the river incentral London are already at capacity in terms ofnumbers of vessels over a small number of veryshort periods in the summer. Increasing rivertraffic in these areas is possible, but requireseffective leadership from the PLA and Transportfor London, with input from stakeholders. In

some cases this means looking at ways toimprove the efficiency of how the river is used.We also have to recognise that, at times, someriver uses are simply not compatible in the samestretch of water at the same time.

Vision, 2035

We have set the goal: The 20 year Vision willsee double the number of people travelling byriver – reaching 20 million commuter andtourist trips every year.

To achieve this goal in a safe and sustainable way,we have set the following priority actions:

1. Make more efficient use of piers and riverspace, including new timetabling to managepeaks in traffic. There is potential to managetimetables to avoid the current situation where theriver reaches peak capacity at a small number ofvery short periods of time in the vicinity of Tower,Westminster and Embankment piers. Newtimetables will be set soon by London RiverServices, the operators and the PLA. These willbe scheduled to achieve better berth availabilityand more effective management of passengerpiers. We will also look to see the scope for these

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4.3 Passenger transport – More journeys

Today, 2016

The River Thames is an iconic piece of thecapital’s passenger transport infrastructure. TheThames adds much needed transport capacity.Boat trips are an attractive part of the tourist offerand services provide access to the 35 Thamesriverside attractions. These are increasinglyimportant with the limited coach parking availablein central London.

In 2015 there were 10.3 million passengerjourneys on the Thames, continuing growth inpassenger travel of more than 150% over the lastdecade. We are well on the way to reaching 12million passenger journeys by 2020. Transport forLondon is raising awareness of river transportthrough the ‘Open up London by Boat’ campaignin 2016. The breadth of what is on offer is alsoincreasing: from commuter services to 23 piersfrom Putney to Woolwich Arsenal; with thecommuter offer at Putney upgraded considerablywith two new vessels; dinner cruise and leisure boats; the Gravesend to Tilbury and Woolwich

ferries; a paddlesteamer from London toSouthend; and fast RIB experiences.

Our study into the ‘amenity value’ of the Thamesdemonstrated how much the river contributes tothe wider economy. Over £2 billion of GDP isgenerated by tourism in the wards immediatelyadjacent to the Thames’ banks. In total therewere 23.4 million visitor trips to attractions besidethe Thames, of which 4.7 million have a directmaritime connection, such as the Cutty Sark atGreenwich or HMS Belfast at Tower Bridge.12

Forecast demand

Demand for river commuter travel is set to grow.This will be driven by population growth, close tothe river. There is also increasing demand forleisure services, for example new destinationsclose to the Thames (e.g. the proposedParamount Theme Park on the SwanscombePeninsula in Kent) and to different venues (e.g.travelling by boat to concerts at the O2) as well asfrom increasing the leisure offer of the Thamesitself. In 2015, the Thames hosted Viking Star,then the largest ever cruise ship at a centralLondon mooring; the ship is recognised as

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Passenger

Transport

Bridge, and using the river to celebrate majorcultural events.

3. Develop and implement a long-term pierstrategy. With London River Services,commercial boat operators and the PLA workingtogether, we are looking strategically at thecurrent use of existing piers and potential siting offuture piers and pier extensions for the next 10-20years. We see the potential for new piers atBarking Riverside, Thamesmead, Erith, Purfleet,Greenhithe (Paramount), Grays and Tilbury by2025 as shown on the Opportunity Map. Thisstrategy will also form the basis for continuingwork with riparian boroughs within and outsideLondon to identify new opportunities.

4. Convene a consultative forum to addressissues of wash from growth in passengertransport. At PLA public consultation events,including the Stakeholder Forum, concerns havebeen raised by houseboat owners and leisurestakeholders about wash, and the potential formore wash from a busier river. Concerns have

also been raised about the implications of washfor historic assets. To address these in a focusedapproach, a new consultative forum will also beestablished. We will also evaluate theperformance of new forms of wash mitigationmeasures (for example the approach being trialedat the new Plantation Wharf Pier in Wandsworth).

5. Secure the infrastructure required forgrowth in the transport of passengers andgoods on the Thames. An increasingly busyriver will require additional infrastructure.Investment will be needed in boatyards; a modernmultipurpose marine hub that can facilitate drydocking/ship repair, capable of handling all typesand sizes of vessels, and common user berths formultiple uses, including transhipment, spoilremoval and deliveries in and out.

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timetables to have regard for other users of theriver. Looking forward to future years, timetablingshould be routinely reviewed to make sure we aremaking most efficient use of piers and river spacefor the overall benefit of customers. We will alsolook at other options to better utilise river capacityin central London.

2. Innovate to achieve more passengerjourneys at current low peak times. There isenormous capacity for increased passengertransport outside of peak times from Easter to theend of September in central London. Operatorswant to look at creating new opportunities toattract people to the river outside of peak timesand places. Ideas include attracting more of thehigh numbers of people on the Southbank ontothe river; more dining experiences; park-and-glide(i.e. park further down the river and come intoLondon by river); and boat tours to see nature onthe river. Projects include adding excitement tothe river at night through illuminated bridges,lighting bridges from Tower Bridge to Albert

Passenger

Transport

London Borough of Barking andDagenham, Goals and Priority Actions

Consultation Feedback

“

”

There is enormous potential for alltypes of river use to grow in thefuture. However, this should be

done in a safe and sustainable wayand in close collaboration with arange of partners, including local

authorities, businesses, developersand the wider public

The River Thames is on the doorstep of millions ofresidents and visitors. This provides theopportunity to help achieve Sport England's goal,as well as contribute to the delivery of LondonSport's vision to make London the mostphysically active sporting city in the world, with atarget of getting one million Londoners moreactive by 2020. Preserving the existing provisionfor sport and recreation, enabling more people toengage through better information and buildingthe provision further – within new housingdevelopments close to the river – will bringwatersports to local communities.

Given the projected increase in the use of theriver for more transport of people and goods,there will be ‘Opportunity Zones’ in which to focus growth in sport and recreation.

Vision, 2035

We have set the goal: The 20 year Vision willsee greater participation in sport andrecreation on and alongside the water.

To achieve this goal in a safe and sustainable way,we have set the following priority actions:

1. Ascertain current levels of sportparticipation and work towards increasing

participation on and alongside the Thames.We will seek to gather more data on current andprojected sport participation. Alongside this wewill look to make available, principally digitally,more information about sports provision on theThames. The PLA’s work with the sport andrecreation clubs along the Thames, as well aswith Sport England and London Sport, will helpdeliver this. Sport England supports rowing,sailing and canoeing activity on the Thames,through British Rowing, the RYA and BritishCanoeing. It will also be vital to work closely withriparian boroughs and the Greater LondonAuthority, so that the required infrastructure alongthe banks, including access points, is prioritisedin local plans and wider strategies. We can learnbest practice from case histories of wherehousing development by the river has broughtabout an increase in water sport provision forlocal communities, such as the new rowingfacilities at the Fulham Reach development.

2. Extend sport opportunity zones on theThames. There is potential for the growth ofwater sports both where there is a lot of activityalready, such as rowing above Putney, and in newareas: more rowing, kayaking, canoeing andstand up paddle boarding between Kew andTeddington; more kayaking between Putney and

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4.4 Sport and recreation – More participants

Today, 2016

The tidal Thames is home to a wide range ofsports and recreation. There are more than 100sport and recreation clubs along the Thames:rowing clubs, that are predominantly up river ofPutney; and paddling clubs and water-sportcentres offering canoeing, stand up paddleboarding and windsurfing up river of Putney,below Tower Bridge and out towards the estuary.There are also cruising, yacht and sailing clubsalong the length of the Thames, as well as anumber of scout groups and sea cadet units.

Every year, the Thames plays host to more than80 major sporting events, including the UniversityBoat Race, the race for Doggett’s Coat andBadge (run every year since 1715) and the GreatRiver Race. An estimated 5,800 people row onthe tidal stretch of the Thames each year.12

The Thames Path provides a place for walkingand cycling in the heart of London. There are atleast 10 million walkers or cyclists on the Thamestowpath each year. Joining it up from source tosea will raise its profile and attract more people toenjoy it. A conservative estimate suggests thevalue of people participating in sport andrecreation on the Thames or its towpath is £132million a year in terms of health and wellbeingbenefits.12

Growing river use has to be supported by at leastthe current high level of safety. We work closelywith all recreational clubs, and their representativebodies, to provide accessible safety informationfor participants and to support a strong safetyculture along the river. The Rowing Code ofPractice for rowing on the Thames, updated in2015, by the PLA, British Rowing and ThamesRegional Rowing Council is a good example ofcollaborative working to help users betterunderstand rowing safety on the tidal Thames.

Swimming is currently permitted by PLA Byelawsupriver of Putney. However, the tidal Thames isnot a benign environment. Open swimmingorganisations, including the Outdoor SwimmingSociety and the Wild Swimming magazine, advisepeople not to swim in streams/tidal flows thatexceed their swimming speed (which is

approximately 0.8 metres per second for a goodswimmer). The tidal flow of the Thames can runin excess of three knots (1.5 metres per second),nearly twice the speed that a capable swimmer isable to achieve. Over 100 swimmers have gotinto difficulties in the tidal Thames in the last fiveyears, requiring rescue.

With the river becoming cleaner, there may bemore demand for swimming. We will continue towork with swimming event organisers, as well asthe RNLI, MCA and others to ensure safety andappropriate facilities. There are also a number ofproposals for lidos in the tidal Thames. If theseare appropriately located they could enablepeople to swim, if not in the river itself, then atleast on the river, as in a number of other citiesglobally.

Forecast demand

With a growing population in London, Kent andEssex over the next 20 years, there is considerablepotential for growth in participation, bydeveloping extra capacity and increasingawareness of the current sports provision. SportEngland launched its strategy ‘Towards an ActiveNation’ in May 2016, seeking to get everyoneengaged in physical activity.

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Recteatio

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Chelsea; and more kayaking as well as sailingbetween Greenwich and Crossness, particularlyin Gallions and Barking reaches. Further east,there are opportunities for more yacht clubsserving sailing and motor boating as well askayaking, and for rowing and paddle boarding inBenfleet Creek.

3. Realise new visitor moorings and publicisethe availability of all visitor mooringseffectively. We will examine the potential forfurther visitor moorings on the tidal Thames. The Opportunity Map of the tidal Thames(interactive format on our website) shows thealongside visitor moorings, up to 40 of them, atTown Pier, Gallions Point Marina, South DockMarina, Hermitage Wharf, Imperial Wharf, OysterPier, Plantation Wharf Pier, Dove Pier, ChiswickPier and Brentford Dock. There are also somevisitor moorings at Limehouse and St KatherineDocks. Many of the visitor moorings areinfrequently used, in spite of a lot of consultationresponses stating that there are too few visitormoorings. We will look at improving availability ofthis information, particularly digitally, so that it iseasier to find, book and use the visitor moorings.We will also look at the scope for improvingexisting slipways and building new ones toenable easy access to the river.

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4. Join up the Thames Path from sourceto sea. Joining up the Path, keeping it wellmaintained and sign posted along the full lengthof the tidal Thames will require innovative thinkingand a wide range of organisations workingtogether. There is the task of ‘closing the gaps’on the existing Thames Path. This will requirenew developments close to the Thames to retainthe existing path and its views, and where thereare gaps, extending the path and creatingaccess for local communities to it. There can beparticular challenges in finding the best routenear wharves and terminals. This requirespragmatic solutions that achieve appropriate,safe public access, taking into account safety,regulatory and operational requirements of theoperator.

There is also scope to support Natural England inits work to create a coastal path around thewhole of England, with the Thames areascheduled for work to begin in 2017.

Sport and

Recreatio

n

It's an ambitious project whichcertainly outlines the currentsituation, along with all the

complexities of its current users,but the Vision demonstrates the

huge potential that the River has tooffer now and in the future

”

“Greenwich Yacht Club, Goals and

Priority Actions Consultation Feedback

The Vision is excellent.We congratulate the

PLA for producing sucha far-reaching andenterprising plan

“”The Cruising Association,

Goals and Priority ActionsConsultation Feedback

with palaces to proclaim the individual status ofmonarchs, princes of the Church and thearistocracy, still clearly visible at sites such asLambeth Palace, Greenwich Palace andSomerset House.

The river has been, and is still, at the heart ofpageantry which is valued as part of a longhistoric tradition and a strong aspect of nationalidentity. The tradition of great riverine eventssuch as Tudor processions continues, with theQueen’s Diamond Jubilee River Pageant in 2012,alongside traditional events like the race forDoggett’s Coat and Badge. State funerals ofgreat British heroes such as Admiral Lord Nelsonand Sir Winston Churchill have also used the riveras a key part of the ceremony, viewed bythousands from the riverbank.

The Vision provides an opportunity to bringgreater conservation focus, access andawareness raising to the vast array of heritageassets.

Opportunities

The Thames Tideway Tunnel will make the riverthrough central London the cleanest it has beensince the Industrial Revolution. With moreconsistent, higher water quality will come more

biodiversity. There are already 125 fish speciesfeeding on the abundant invertebrates in the river.

The waste water treatment improvements todischarges into the Thames that are beingprovided by investments by Tideway, ThamesWater and other operators provide a greatplatform for cleaner water and a more sustainable river.

The Thames already has a number ofenvironmental improvement projects like theNature Improvement Area, Catchment Plans andFuturescape, led by an increasing number of non-profit organisations and charities such as theWildlife Trusts, RSPB, Thames21 and ThamesEstuary Partnership. Projects are driven andresourced by enthusiastic volunteers up anddown the Thames.

As well as a focus on improving the environment,the Vision includes our aims to reduce the overallenvironmental impact of activities on the river.This means compliance with current rules, forexample those set by MCA but also looking tobest practice from across the world to encourageinnovation and the adoption of new technologiesto reduce the impact further, such as on airpollution.

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4.5 Environment and heritage – Improved tidal Thames environment

Today, 2016

The tidal Thames provides a range of diverse,thriving habitats for many different species of fish,birds, seals and other wildlife. It is home to nineSites of Special Scientific Interest (SSSIs), mainlyinter-tidal habitats. Many of these have furtherinternational environmental designations such asRAMSAR Convention wetland sites or Europeandesignations such as Special Protection Areas orSpecial Areas of Conservation. The whole of thetidal Thames in Greater London is identified as aSite of Metropolitan Importance for NatureConservation (SMI), and a number of other Sitesof Importance for Nature Conservation (SINC) liealongside the river within Greater London (suchas Rainham and Wennington Marshes, ErithMarshes, Battersea Park, Barn Elms and KewGardens).

There are also a number of sites of borough orlocal importance, including Blackwall Basin, Legof Mutton Reservoir, Petersham Meadows andMarble Hill Park, as well as most of the tributariesas they meet the Thames. The Thames plays acrucial role in the importance of these adjacentsites, and they provide additional habitats forsome species that use the Thames (e.g. foragingand roosting areas for many birds).

92% of the PLA’s area is covered byenvironmental designations of some sort. Thelatest surveys found over 900 seals13 and visitsfrom 300,000 overwintering birds every year.

Against these positives, there are a number ofmajor challenges to the Thames environment.The PLA-led Cleaner Thames campaignhighlights one. Up to 300 tonnes of rubbish isrecovered from the Thames each year, with theamount of plastic bottles growing year on year. A study by researchers at Royal Holloway,University of London and the Natural HistoryMuseum has shown that up to 70% of bottomfeeding fish in the Thames has plastic fibres intheir guts, which can then get into the humanfood chain.14

There are more than 50 major discharges ofuntreated sewage into the tidal Thames each year

as a result of the inadequate capacity of theVictorian infrastructure. Despite Bazalgette’sforesight in building a sewerage system thatcould meet the demands of a much biggerLondon nearly 150 years on, the system nolonger has sufficient capacity.

The River Thames has been a focal point ofhuman occupation for over 440,000 years. It wasdiverted into its current course during the IceAges. Through nearly half a million years ofhistory, settlements have risen and fallen besidethe Thames, leaving many traces of our past bothas buried archaeology and as an unrivalledprocession of standing buildings and structures.The Thames has been used for food, transport,ceremonial deposition and also for burial. Theseare depicted in art, for example Canaletto’s‘London: The Thames on Lord Mayor’s Day’.

The Thames has been both the centre piece andvantage point from which London is experienced,from the first prehistoric peoples travelling upriverto the modern riverboat commuters today. FromTower Bridge to the Houses of Parliament, thegreat wharves and quaysides, and the offices ofthe Greater London Council, buildings addressingthe river have been used to express the power ofthe capital. Before this, the riverside was lined

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Envir

onment

and Hertitage

example by looking at new stepping stone sitesand managing a group of sites in a coherent way.It is also beneficial to continue to encouragecommunities to identify with local reserves andsites to protect and improve the access bywildlife, in land-based and marine ecosystems.

4. Identify and improve access to, andappreciation of, the historic environmentalong the Thames. Historic England ischampioning the significance of the river’sheritage assets, both designated andundesignated, and, with others, looking at theirconservation alongside greater use of theThames. There is potential too to integrate thehistoric environment into other aspects of theVision, for example in the signage for the ThamesPath. There is scope to provide a better andmore coherent experience of the historicenvironment for the public.

5. Encourage uptake of new and greentechnologies to reduce the port’senvironmental impact. With a focus in the firstinstance on air pollution, we will learn from bestpractice from across the world to reduce dieselemissions from all commercial vessels that usethe river. With an Ultra Low Emission Zone beingintroduced in Central London from September2020 – applying to all cars, motorcycles, vans,minibuses, buses, coaches and heavy goodsvehicles (HGVs) – river transport will play its part

too to reduce exhaust emissions. Whilst thestandards for vessels are set by the MCA, thereis a role for the PLA in exploring how toencourage the move to greener vessels withoutsteering trade away from the Thames. There areother opportunities, such as harnessing theenergy source of the Thames that we could alsoexplore. Water source heat pumps are alreadybeginning to take advantage of this (e.g. atKingston Heights on the non-tidal Thames).

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The Environment Agency’s Thames Estuary 2100programme will be providing improved flooddefences across the Estuary to protect theincreasing population from the growing risk offlooding due to the effects of climate change.During these works, flood defences will need tobe repaired and raised. Changes are expectedin the frequency of extreme weather events as aresult of climate change.

There are opportunities from the Thames Visionto encourage the preservation of the built andarcheological heritage of the Thames andimprove access to it. Historic England andothers, including the Museum of LondonArchaeology, are well-placed to work with thePLA and a wide range of other stakeholders toachieve this. There is scope to identify thesignificance of the river’s heritage assets, bothdesignated and undesignated, and to securetheir conservation in the context of a busier river.

Vision, 2035

We have set the goal: The 20 year Vision willsee the river the cleanest since the IndustrialRevolution, with improved habitats andawareness of heritage.

To achieve this goal in a safe and sustainableway, we have set the following priority actions:

1. Build and bring into operation the ThamesTideway Tunnel, by 2021. The completion ofthis project, extending from Acton in the west toAbbey Mills in the east, together with the LeaTunnel and the substantial investments incapacity at Thames Water’s existing sewagetreatment works, will dramatically reduce both thenumber and total volume of sewage dischargesinto the Thames and its tidal tributaries.Cumulatively, this will act as the largestimprovement in the water quality of the RiverThames within London in a generation.

2. Improve water quality by a range ofmeasures including reduced litter in the river.As well as through delivery of the tunnel, this willbe achieved by parties working on improvementsand best practice through the Tidal ThamesCatchment Plan and the Wider Thames RiverBasin Management Plan. Coordinated action isalso required to secure effective management of

invasive non-native species (INNS). We also wantto see a reduction in litter falling into the river,which is being targeted through the awarenessbuilding ‘Cleaner Thames’ campaign that isfocusing on plastic rubbish. The Thames Visioncan widen the awareness of the campaign,drawing in other Vision stakeholders such asleisure users to reduce or give up single useplastic or dispose of them responsibly. The PLAhas consulted on changes to the ThamesByelaws to ensure Class V passenger vessels do not discharge sewage into the Thames from 2023.

3. Improve biodiversity of sites recognised fortheir wildlife interest, and the connectionsbetween them. The nine SSSIs along the tidalRiver Thames are all within the PLA’s jurisdiction.A priority is to get the SSSI sites into ‘favourablecondition’, where practicable, so they supportmore wildlife.15

The condition of the sites will benefit from moreconnectivity of habitats across the Thames, for

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Envir

onment

and Heritage

RSPB, Goals and Priority ActionsConsultation Feedback

“”

We are strongly supportive of theThames Vision project, presenting

as it does an opportunity toformulate shared thinking and

aspirations for the Thames in theperiod to 2035

Ecological Park in Greenwich and RainhamMarshes, as well as activities to raise awarenessof the role of the river as London’s largest singlenatural feature in the shaping of the city.

The river is home to many residential moorings,located at 24 sites along the tidal Thames with byfar the majority located upstream of VauxhallBridge in west London. These moorings add tothe vibrancy of the Thames and meet the desireof people to live on the river.

Opportunities

The growth in London’s population, combinedwith forecasts showing increased numbers oftourists coming to London, Kent and Essex,brings the potential for a lot more visitors to enjoythe Thames and further boost its attraction andeconomic impact. Tourism’s contribution toLondon’s economy is set to grow by over doublefrom the 2013 figure of £36 billion, or 11.6 percent of the capital’s GDP, to £77.4 billion (12.8per cent of the capital’s GDP) in 2025.17 In realterms, this amounts to an annual growth rate of4.3% in total tourism spending, with predictionsindicating a faster real growth per annum in

London compared to the rest of England.

There is a lot of activity already in the river and onits banks. There could be further potential byproviding information about what’s on offer andgenerating greater interest through a well-recognised Thames brand for environment,culture, heritage and community. As a first steptowards this, we have launched a prototype of aninteractive map, that can be developed further tomeet some of these needs (see our website:www.pla.co.uk/ThamesVision).

The residential mooring community, who havebeen represented through their contributions tothe public consultation and a round tablediscussion hosted by us as well as at our AnnualStakeholder Forum, make the case for increasingthe number of residential moorings. This posesquestions about where these are best located onan ever busier river.

Turbulent waters – wash – from passing boatscan at times create issues for residentialmoorings, depending on the amount of wash, thenature of the residential vessel and location andtype of mooring. Progressively, low wash vessels

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4.6 Community and culture – More peopleenjoying the Thames and its banks

Today, 2016

The River Thames is a place to enjoy the sights ofa historic world city and is a haven of peace in abustling region. The city grew from the river andits history is woven into the development ofLondon, Kent and Essex. There are fourUNESCO World Heritage Sites on the banks ofone river: Kew Gardens, Westminster Abbey andthe Palace of Westminster, Tower of London andMaritime Greenwich. The Thames is inseparablefrom the cultural heritage, art and landscape ofLondon, Essex and Kent, with people enjoyingarchaeological explorations on the foreshorealong the Thames, visiting the National Trustproperty at Ham and the historic forts protectingthe river at Tilbury and Gravesend.

Some 4.7 million people visit the Thames ormaritime related attractions annually.12 On top ofthat, there are many one-off national and regionalevents on the river, such as the Queen’s DiamondJubilee River Pageant, and annual eventsincluding the University Boat Race, New Year’sEve fireworks display and the Great River Race.At least 23.4 million people visit the attractionslocated by the side of the Thames.17 A rivertribute as part of the Queen’s 90th birthdaycelebrations took part on the Thames, with theroyal barge, Gloriana, leading a 45-strong flotilladown the Thames in June 2016.

Some 99,000 people are employed in the tourismindustry in wards adjacent to the Thames,estimated to produce a £2.4 billion Gross ValueAdded contribution.12

The river connects its adjacent communities,along the Thames Path and, with crossings,across the water. Many stakeholders are keen tosee more local river crossings. The Thamesfestivals promote and celebrate the river. TotallyThames takes place every September with aseason of art and cultural events along theThames. Some 2.6 million people experienced215 events in September 2015.16 2016 sees thelaunch of a Thames Estuary arts festival in thelatter half of September, with events at venuesincluding Tilbury Cruise Terminal, PLA atGravesend, Chalkwell Hall and Park and theworld’s longest pier in Southend-on-Sea.

The Museum of London in Docklands opened in2003 and its audience has since grown to morethan 250,000 in the last year. From the outset themuseum has told the story of the river, port andpeople of east London.

There are riverside nature reserves which alsoserve as education centres, such as Millennium

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the water. These can be developed by sharingbest practice along the Thames. We will evaluatethe performance of new forms of wash mitigationmeasures, for example the approach beingtrialled at the new moorings at Plantation WharfPier in Wandsworth.

4. Explore development of a Thames brand forculture, heritage and quality of life. We areexploring the potential for this with a range oforganisations such as London & Partners, VisitBritain, the Greater London Authority, HistoricEngland and the National Trust.

A lot more could be made of the global asset ofthe Thames, its cultural, heritage andenvironmental offer. By joining up the offer of theThames – tying in culture and heritage,environment, community and transport – forresidents and visitors alike, and providing astrong brand for new initiatives, morecommercial, voluntary and statutory bodies willbe able to work together to promote the river.

An interactive, accessible map of the offer alongthe whole Thames might be one way to achievethis. There is already a lot of public informationabout recreational opportunities on the river,through the Recreational Users Guide on ourwebsite (www.pla.co.uk), but there could be more

for a wider public audience. Whilst somedestinations are well known, many are not. Thereis no one place that shows everything that is onoffer on the Thames, e.g. taking a boat to see oneof the World Heritage Sites or going for lunch atEssex Wildlife Trust’s Thurrock Thameside NaturePark.

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are being developed and brought into use,including the PLA’s harbour launches.

Houseboats need to be suitable for theconditions in which they are moored and to havesecure and appropriate mooring infrastructure.Whilst there will always be wash – the MCAclassify the tidal Thames as Category C/D waterswhere wave heights of up to one metre may beexpected – further improvements can be made.

Vision, 2035

We have set the goal: The 20 year Vision willsee more people coming to enjoy the Thamesand its banks.

To achieve this goal in a safe and sustainableway, we have set the following priority actions:

1. Enhance access to information about theThames. Information about the River Thamesalready exists: on our websites (notablywww.boatingonthethames.co.uk) and rivertransport timetables on the Transport for Londonwebsite, as well as tourist information on the VisitLondon site.

There is an increasing demand for informationabout the Thames in readily accessible form, onand off the water. In the same way that the publicis used to information on Blue Flag beaches orflood risk, there are calls for information about theThames. Examples are information on tide timesand water quality, and scope to use thisinformation to inform and educate about the river,for example the species spotted or reporting

incidents of wash. The aspiration longer term isto assess how we might enhance the customerexperience, for example moving from informationabout where sporting provision is, to being ableto book there and then.

2. Educate local school children about theThames. One of the important goals of theThames Vision is to restore the link betweenresidents of London, Kent and Essex and theRiver Thames. The schools in the 23 riparianboroughs provide a route for this, particularly inKey Stage 2, given the curriculum featureseducation about and experience of rivers. Thereis established expertise and experience already,including through Thames21, Thames ExplorerTrust’s Thames education and PLA-supportedoutreach programmes, as well as the BritishCouncil’s Rivers of the World Programme and thework of the Museum of London in Docklands.We can develop these further to target the 23riparian borough communities.

3. Create new appropriate residentialmoorings accommodating suitable vessels.We consider that there is potential for moreresidential moorings, by locating them inappropriate opportunity locations, such as areasof Kent and Essex where existing and forecastuse of the river and tidal conditions (wash) makesuch moorings viable (see Opportunity Map).Innovative solutions will include having the rightmoorings and the most appropriate vessels forthe river. There is also a role for developers tofind solutions that allow vessels to be moored on

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“The PLA is occupying a reallyimportant strategic position in

seeking to identify wide goals forthe Thames, as a place to live andwork, its use for commercial andrecreational interests, its value to

London as an environmentalamenity and its rewards as a visitor

attraction in its own right.

”Totally Thames, Goals and PriorityActions Consultation Feedback

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About the Port of London Authority (PLA)

The tidal Thames runs for 95 milesfrom Teddington Lock in westLondon out to the North Sea. It isthe UK’s busiest inland waterwayfor passenger travel and freightmovements, the Port of London isone of its busiest ports and theupper reaches are home to thebiggest rowing centre in the UK.

As a Trust Port, we hold the tidalThames in trust for futuregenerations, with a duty to:

‘…hand it on in the same or bettercondition to succeedinggenerations…’

A self-financing, independent organisation, our360 strong workforce delivers the statutoryharbour, pilotage, navigation and conservancyresponsibilities. We have no shareholders sooperate to the benefit of stakeholders. Anyfinancial surplus we make is reinvested in thebusiness enabling us continuously to improve theefficiency of our operations. In 2015 weestimated the total stakeholder benefit wegenerated was worth £37 million.5

Independent research in 2014 found thatstakeholders most value our contributions in:18

River navigation and safety: Our port controlcentres, harbour masters, pilots and river patrolcrews keep river users safe. Our salvageoperations and divers keep the river clear ofobstructions and open for business. We are responsible for river traffic control, security andnavigational safety, including buoys, beacons,bridge lights and channel surveys.

Planning consultation and technical expertise:We provide information, support and technicalexpertise to help river users and investorsmaximise the value of the river, and to do it safely.We license river works and dredging on the river,applying our expertise to keep river users safeand protect the environment.

Bringing people together and promoting theriver: We bring people together to discuss how tomake the best use of the Thames and advocateits potential to those unfamiliar with it. We workwith, and for, a wide range of stakeholders andpartners on commercial freight, investment,property, safety, conservation, leisure, tourism,passenger transport, sporting pursuits and majorevents. We try hard to be a ‘listening’organisation as well as one that delivers what ourstakeholders need and want.

Environmental stewardship: We hold the tidalThames in trust, with the remit to hand it on tosucceeding generations in the same, or bettercondition. A major part of our work isconservancy of the Thames, dredging andmaintaining the main navigation channels on theriver. As stewards of the marine environment, wecarefully look after the river’s many assets,conserving wildlife, keeping the river clean andfree of rubbish. We also promote the use of theriver as a natural, low-carbon transport route.

Active 360 Ahoy Centre Angling TrustArmac Shipping Services LtdApostleship of the SeaArupAssociation of Thames Yacht ClubsAvery Associates Architects

Beckett RankineBerkeley GroupBig Stick AdvertisingBiodiversity by DesignBJ Wood and Sons LtdBrett GroupBritish CanoeingBritish Marine British Marine Aggregates Producers’AssociationBuroHappold Engineering

Canal and River Trust Canary Wharf GroupCastlekeep LtdCH2M HILL TEAM2100Chas Newens MarineChelsea Kayak ClubChiswick Pier TrustCity CruisesCity of London CorporationCity of WestminsterClipper VenturesCMA CGMCommercial Boat Owners AssociationCompany of Watermen and LightermenCompass Point Residents AssociationCorporate Risk Associates LtdCory EnvironmentalCrown Estate

DEFRADepartment for Transport Devonport Marine

Emanuel SchoolEnglish HeritageEnvironment AgencyErnst & YoungEssex Chambers of CommerceEssex County CouncilEuromix Concrete

FarrellsFM Conway

Gasworks Dock PartnershipGlobe Rowing ClubGPS MarineGravesend MuseumGravesend Rowing Club Gravesham Borough CouncilGreater London AuthorityGreenergyGreenwich CouncilGreenwich Foundation for the Old RoyalNaval College

Greenwich Yacht Club

H.W. Wilson LtdHammond and Sons ShippingHansonHavering CouncilHeatherwick StudioHermitage Community MooringsHeybridge Parish CouncilHistoric EnglandHouses of ParliamentHR Wallingford (Dredging Liaison Group)HSBC Rowing Club

Industrial ChemicalsInland Waterways AssociationInstitute for SustainabilityInstitute of Civil EngineersISM Shipping Solutions

J Clubb Ltd

Keltbray Group HoldingsKent County CouncilKent Invicta Chamber of CommerceKey FastenersKnight Dragon Kotug

Little Ship ClubLivett’s GroupLondon Assembly Labour GroupLondon Borough of Barking andDagenhamLondon Borough of BexleyLondon Borough of CamdenLondon Borough of Hammersmith andFulhamLondon Borough of HounslowLondon Borough of NewhamLondon Borough of Tower HamletsLondon City Cruise PortLondon ConcreteLondon Corinthians Sailing ClubLondon CouncilsLondon Duck ToursLondon GatewayLondon Kayak CompanyLondon Nautical SchoolLondon RIB VoyagesLondon Riverside BIDLondon Rowing ClubLondon SportLondon Transport MuseumLondon Wildlife Trust

MacAndrewsMaricoMarine Conservation SocietyMarine Management OrganisationMayor of LondonMBNA Thames ClippersMetal CultureMineral Products AssociationMuseum of London GroupNational Maritime Development Group

National TrustNatural EnglandNavigator TerminalsNewham Borough CouncilNine Elms PierNorfolk Broads Yachting CompanyNorth Kent CollegeNorth Kent Yachting AssociationNuStar TerminalsNymph Limited (Lady Daphne)

Old Chiswick Protection SocietyOPLAC

Palmer's CollegeParr's Priory Rowing ClubPD Shipping & Inspection ServicesPerca ConsultingPoplar, Blackwall and District RowingClubPort of London AuthorityPort of TilburyPutney Town Centre

QRB GlorianaQueen Victoria Seamen's Rest

Ramblers AssociationRegents NetworkRealising Your FutureResidents Boat Owners’ AssociationRichmond Bridge Boat ClubRiver Cycleway Consortium LtdRiver Thames Alliance Co. LtdRiver Thames SocietyRNLIRolfe Judd PlanningRowdy Boat CoRoyal Borough of GreenwichRoyal Borough of Kensington andChelseaRoyal HaskoningDHVRoyal Yachting AssociationRSPBRWE Generation UK

S. Walsh & Sons LtdSCA LogisticsShadwell Basin Outdoor Activity CentreShellShoebury Watermen’s AssociationShoreline Environments/Super YachtsClubSKASons of the Thames Rowing Club Southbank Sailing ClubSouthend Coastal Rowing ClubSouthwark CathedralSport EnglandSt Pancras Cruising ClubStema Shipping UKStrand on the Green Sailing ClubSustrans

Annex: Organisations who have contributed to the Vision

TarmacTransport for LondonThames21Thames Anglers ConservancyThames Discovery Programme (MOLA)Thames Estuary PartnershipThames Explorer TrustThames Gateway Kent Partnership Thames Motor Yacht ClubThames Regional Rowing CouncilThames ShippingTidewayThames Traditional Rowing AssociationThames Vintage Boat Club Thames WaterThamesbankThe Boat Race Company LtdThe Cruising AssociationThe Fishmongers' CompanyThe Lenox ProjectThe Wildlife Trust

Thurrock CouncilThurrock Yacht club

Tide Line ArtTotally ThamesTower Bridge Yacht and Boat ClubTwickenham Yacht Club

UCLUniversity College London Boat ClubUniversity of GreenwichUpnor Sailing ClubUpper Thames, Association of ThamesYacht ClubsUrban Space ManagementUrban Strategies

Viking River Cruises

Wandsworth Borough CouncilWest London River GroupWestminster City CouncilWestminster SchoolWild Capital

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Photos by:Samuel AshfieldPhil BissetBen FitzpatrickFulham Reach Boat ClubJason HawkesHistoric EnglandMuseum of London ArchaeologyRichard Shellabear Thames21Andy Wallace

Thanks for assistance with photos to:Barn Elms BoathouseCLdNCory EnvironmentalHistoric Royal PalacesRamblers AssociationShellThames ClippersThames Explorer Trust

1. Budget 2016 (www.gov.uk/government/publications/budget-2016-documents)

2. National Infrastructure Commission (wwww.gov.uk/government/organisations/national-infrastructure-commissio

3. New River Crossings for London, Transport for London (https://tfl.gov.uk/corporate/publications-and-reports/new-river-crossingsfor-london )

4. Climate: Observations, projections and impacts.", Gosling, Simon N., et al., 2011

5. Port of London Authority Annual Report & Accounts 2015 (www.pla.co.uk/assets/plaannualreport2015.pdf)

6. UK Trade & Investment. The UK Ports Sector: A showcase of world class expertise, 2013

7. River Thames Economic Impact Report Summary, Port of London Authority, 2015 ps://www.pla.co.uk/assets/economicreport.pdf)

8. Regional and local economic growth statistics, Harari, D, House of Commons library, 2014

9. Marine Aggregates Capability & Portfolio 2015 (www.thecrownestate.co.uk/media/389767/ei-marine-aggregates-capability-andportfolio.pdf)

10. CO2 emissions from freight transport: an analysis of UK data, McKinnon, A., Logist. Res. Netw, 2007

11. Wandsworth Borough Council news release, 2015(http://www.wandsworth.gov.uk/news/article/13115/tube_on_its_way_to_battersea_as_work_starts_on_northern_line_extension)

12. Adding Value: The River Thames Public Amenity, Port of London Authority, 2015 (https://www.pla.co.uk/assets/amenity.pdf )

13. Greater Thames Estuary Harbour Seal Population Survey, Zoological Society of London, December 2015(www.zsl.org/sites/default/files/media/2016- /Harbour%20Seal%20Survey%20Report%20-%20December%202015.pdf

14. Plastic in the Thames: A river runs through it, Marine Pollution Bulletin, 2014, David Morritt, Paris V. Stefanoudis, Dave Pearce,

15. Designated Sites View, Natural England (https://designatedsites.naturalengland.org.uk/SSSIGlossary.aspx)

• Favourable’ condition: SSSI is being adequately conserved and is meeting its ‘conservation objectives’, however there isscope for enhancement of these sites

16. Totally Thames 2015 (http://totallythames.org/sponsors-and-supporters/opportunities)

17. Tourism jobs and growth: The economic contribution of the tourism economy in the UK, Deloitte and Oxford Economics, 2013(https://www.visitbritain.org/sites/default/files/vb-corporate/Documents-Library/documents/Englandocuments/tourism_jobs_growth.pdf)

18. Port of London Authority Annual Report & Accounts, 2014

References

www.pla.co.uk@LondonPortAuth

www.youtube.com/portoflondon01474-562200

CUSTODIANS OF THETIDAL THAMES