2019 YÖKDİL İLKBAHAR - A - TemaDil-Yabancı Dil Akademisi · 2019. 5. 4. · İİlİce alk bİlİlerİ a 1 - 20 xtwzqfwif h¾rqjij gt ! gówfpóqfs ^jwqjwj z^lzs i¾ !js x¸_h¾p

İNGİLİZCE (SAĞLIK BİLİMLERİ) A

1 - 20. sorularda, cümlede boş bırakılanyerlere uygun düşen sözcük ya da ifadeyibulunuz.

Any morbid change in the structure of anorgan or a body part ------- injury or diseaseis called a lesion.

1.

soA)despiteB)moreoverC)unlikeD)due toE)

Though some birthmarks, especially largeones, ------- permanent, many -------unnoticeable by about age 10.

2.

have been / became A)would be / are becomingB)are / had become C)may be / become D)had been / can become E)

Disorders and dysfunctions of the ears,nose, and mouth range from structural -------present at birth to infections or diseases,such as cancer.

3.

imagesA)defectsB)curesC)purposesD)capacitiesE)

Some patients with Alzheimer’s diseaseexperience immense fear and frustration------- they slowly lose their independence asthey start to struggle with carrying outsimple daily activities.

4.

so thatA)unlessB)sinceC)thoughD)such asE)

Most tumor markers are ------- sensitive -------specific enough to screen for or diagnosecancer without the support of other clinicalfindings.

5.

neither / norA)as / asB)rather / thanC)but / alsoD)such / thatE)

Cataracts were once a leading cause ofage-related blindness, but todayophthalmologists surgically ------- cataractsand replace the lens with a prostheticintraocular one.

6.

removed A)are removedB)have been removed C)remove D)are being removedE)

A mental health professional can diagnose apatient’s phobias ------- a detailed interviewand discussion of both the mental andphysical symptoms.

7.

soonA)untilB)forC)sinceD)afterE)

2019 YÖKDİL İLKBAHAR - A

1

APeople with pollen allergy are recommendedto ------- their outdoor clothing as soon asthey come indoors and wash their faces,arms, and hands.

8.

take offA)move onB)call off C)pull outD)turn backE)

Pregnant women may experience obsessivecompulsive disorder— a form of anxietyillness that arises before or------- after thebirth of their baby.

9.

properlyA)currentlyB)immediatelyC)recentlyD)formallyE)

People who travel to tropical regions -------community sanitation is generally poor maysuffer from parasitic infections.

10.

whyA)whereB)whatC)whoD)howE)

Radiography, tomography, and magneticresonance imaging are ------- important -------their inventors received the Nobel Prize fortheir contributions to medicine.

11.

as / wellA)more / thanB)the most / ofC)so / thatD)the less / the moreE)

Aromatic plants ------- for their healing,preservative, and pleasurable qualitiesthroughout recorded history, in both the Eastand West.

12.

have employedA)had employedB)were employingC)are being employedD)have been employedE)

A great number of cells in the human airwayplay roles ------- defending the body -------invading bacteria.

13.

in / againstA)of / outB)on / inC)off / forD)at / withE)

A European Union-funded study hasconfirmed that dietary supplementationcould play a/an ------- role in keeping Europe’saging population healthy.

14.

calmA)blindB)ancientC)crucialD)missingE)


2

AThough ankle injuries are common athleticmishaps, they also ------- during routineactivities, such as walking on unevensurfaces.

15.

competeA)performB)occurC)dislike D)allowE)

Concussion, a jarring of the brain, usuallyleaves no lasting neurological problems;-------, symptoms of post-concussionsyndrome may last for a long time.

16.

in other wordsA)nonethelessB)thereforeC)consequentlyD)for instanceE)

When medical professionals are treating dogbites, some wounds are left open and allowedto heal on their own, ------- others requirestitches.

17.

whileA)beforeB)likewiseC)sinceD)insteadE)

The energy used in magnetic resonanceimaging is entirely safe ------- the patient hasno metal on or in his body.

18.

beforeA)howeverB)whereasC)just asD)as long asE)

The use of general anesthesia in dentistry------- in 1844, when Horace Wells first -------the chemical compound nitrous oxide duringa dental procedure.

19.

had begun / useA)began / usedB)has begun / was usingC)begins / had usedD)was beginning / has usedE)

The first generation antihistamines mayproduce side effects, ------- drowsiness, drymouth, blurred vision, and constipation.

20.

such asA)as well asB)unlikeC)so thatD)in spite ofE)


3

A

21 - 25. sorularda, aşağıdaki parçadanumaralanmış yerlere uygun düşensözcük ya da ifadeyi bulunuz.

Hair replacement is a surgical procedure torelocate viable hair follicles from sites on thescalp, where they are ---21---, to sites wherethere has been permanent hair loss already. Themost common reason ---22--- seeking hairreplacement is male pattern hair loss. Hairreplacement is nearly always a cosmeticprocedure; ---23---, it may also be restorative tocorrect damage resulting from injuries. Hairreplacement procedures ---24--- tissue grafts,flaps, expansions, or combinations of thesemethods. The surgeon plans the appropriateapproach for ---25--- individual’s situation andhair loss circumstances. Mild to moderate pain iscommon for several days following a hairreplacement procedure.

21.

abundantA)detailedB)strictC)familiarD)hiddenE)

22.

fromA)inB)forC)withD)atE)

23.

as a resultA)for exampleB)that’s whyC)even afterD)howeverE)

24.

had involvedA)may involveB)had to involveC)used to involveD)are involvingE)

25.

eachA)muchB)fewC)manyD)noneE)


4

A

26 - 30. sorularda, aşağıdaki parçadanumaralanmış yerlere uygun düşensözcük ya da ifadeyi bulunuz.

The key to making the health care system work---26--- involves our ability to develop goodcommunication with the members of our healthcare team, ---27--- this can be a challengebecause many of us feel intimidated or afraid totalk freely with our providers. Some professionalsuse ---28--- medical words that we just do notunderstand or that confuse us. We often hesitateto ask ---29--- these words mean. Also, many ofus are frightened of sharing personal informationabout ourselves because we do not really knowor trust our providers. These fears ---30---communication.

26.

so good asA)as good asB)much betterC)the best ofD)better thanE)

27.

soA)just asB)sinceC)beforeD)butE)

28.

dissatisfiedA)unfamiliarB)impatientC)imperfect D)individualE)

29.

whichA)whoseB)whatC)howD)in whichE)

30.

involveA)absorbB)recoverC)blockD)promoteE)


5

A

31 - 41. sorularda, verilen cümleyi uygunşekilde tamamlayan ifadeyi bulunuz.

Though there are numerous possible causesfor dehydration, -------.

31.

the most common factors are intensephysical labor and extremely hot weather

A)

the body’s electrolyte balance can often berestored with intravenous fluids

B)

a moderately dehydrated person will showsigns of mental confusion and disorientation

C)

insufficient water intake or excessive waterloss leads to electrolyte imbalance

D)

early symptoms of dehydration includethirst, light-headedness, and dry skin

E)

The skin of adults generally becomes thinnerand more fragile, which -------.

32.

became dry and lost its elasticity over timeA)does not mean nail care may be moredifficult for the elderly person

B)

is natural as they age and their antibodiesdecrease in number

C)

also could lead to a healthier bone structure D)is one of the changes resulting in dryness ofthe skin of a toddler

E)

Although the diaphragm is the major muscleof breathing, -------.

33.

early inspiratory neurons trigger theaugmenting discharge of inspiratory neurons

A)

the use of these different muscle groupsadds to the flexibility of the breathing act

B)

the expiratory medullary neurons areconnected to projections from higher braincenters

C)

its respiratory action is assisted by acomplex assembly of other muscle groups

D)

input into the respiratory control system fromhigher brain centers may help them

E)

Males were once thought to be at greater riskof coronary heart disease; -------.

34.

therefore, these risk factors never includefatty diets

A)

more recent studies, though, show this isnot true

B)

thus, equal numbers of women and mendevelop it

C)

however, the disease was seen mainly inmen

D)

as a result, more women develop heartdisease

E)

There is now evidence that even moderatedrinking affects the development of thebrain; -------.

35.

therefore, physicians advise pregnantwomen to avoid alcohol entirely

A)

although excessive alcohol consumptionproduces distinctive facial features

B)

on the other hand, they also affect thechild’s ability to learn and remember

C)

however, pregnant women must beparticularly careful about their health

D)

on the contrary, certain drugs can causeserious psychological disorders

E)

Acid phosphatase is an enzyme foundthroughout the whole body, -------.

36.

but it is primarily housed in the prostategland

A)

though an increase in this value is seen invarious cases

B)

but its testing is done to check for prostatecancer

C)

so many tissues have small amounts of itD)yet, for example, the test for its presencerequires drawing 10 milliliters of blood

E)


6

AWhen microscopes were introduced in theearly 1600s, -------.

37.

this imaging technique had alreadydeveloped thanks to scientific efforts

A)

light microscopy can produce sharp,detailed images of tissues and cells

B)

the types of microscopy introduced so farhave been used to view cells and tissues

C)

two main types of microscopes are used toinvestigate the structure of organs and cells

D)

they opened up a tiny new universe whoseexistence was unknown before that time

E)

Addiction is defined as a chronic, relapsingbrain disease -------.

38.

although frequently observed in conjunctionwith research on smoking

A)

characterized by highly compulsive drugseeking and continued use despite theharmful consequences

B)

that effectively fights against strong urgesand irrational consumption decisions

C)

when the consumption of an addictive goodis itself beyond the control of the individual

D)

covering neurological and psychologicalmechanisms underlying physiologicalchanges

E)

Even though we have made great strides inour understanding of the brain, -------.

39.

its main emphasis is on finding treatmentsfor the brain

A)

this is not likely to stop or change in the nearfuture

B)

a few illnesses like Alzheimer’s requireextraordinary care

C)

the truth is that we have barely scratchedthe surface

D)

our methods for decoding brain activitycontribute to the steady advance of science

E)

Modern genetics is a molecular-level science,-------.

40.

but genes were first described as abstractunits of inheritance in 1865

A)

while the science of genetics is less than150 years old

B)

including the use of techniques such as gene cloning and hybridization

C)

and scientists were able to access theenormous amounts of genetic data

D)

yet its accomplishments within a short timehave been astonishing

E)

Because excessive exposure to noise cantemporarily or permanently damage hearing,-------.

41.

it is responsible for much less than 15% ofcases

A)

it is the most preferable treatment forhearing loss

B)

the ear has mechanisms that protect it fromloud noise

C)

nearly everyone experiences exposure toexcessive noise

D)

we should avoid staying in noisy places asmuch as possible

E)


7

A

42 - 47. sorularda, verilen İngilizcecümleye anlamca en yakın Türkçe cümleyibulunuz.

The dosage of hypertension drugs varieswith the patient, the severity of the disease,and whether the drug is taken alone ortogether with other medications.

42.

Hastanın aldığı yüksek tansiyon ilacınındozunu, hastalığın şiddeti, hastanın sağlıkdurumu ve ilacın tek başına mı yoksa diğerilaçlarla mı alınacağı belirler.

A)

Yüksek tansiyon ilaçlarının dozu, hastaya,hastalığın şiddetine ve ilacın tek başına mıyoksa diğer ilaçlarla beraber mi alındığınabağlı olarak değişir.

B)

Yüksek tansiyon ilaçlarının dozu, hastaya,hastalığın şiddetine ve ilacın hangi ilaçlarlabirlikte alınması gerektiğine bağlı olarakbelirlenebilir.

C)

Yüksek tansiyon ilaçlarının dozu, ilacın tekbaşına mı yoksa diğer ilaçlarla birlikte mialınacağına, hastanın durumuna vehastalığın şiddetine göre belirlenmelidir.

D)

Yüksek tansiyon ilaçlarının dozu, hastalığınşiddetine ve ilacın tek başına mı yoksa diğerilaçlarla mı alınması gerektiğine bağlı olarakdeğişebilir.

E)

In order to develop an effective treatmentagainst a virus, scientists first need tounderstand the structure of various proteins.

43.

Bilim insanlarının bir virüse karşı etkili birtedavi geliştirmeleri için, öncelikle o virüsünyapısal özelliklerini iyi bilmeleri gerekir.

A)

Çeşitli proteinlerin yapısını anlamış olanbilim insanlarının yapması gereken ilk şeyvirüslere karşı tedavi geliştirmektir.

B)

Bir virüse karşı etkili bir tedavi geliştirmekisteyen bir bilim insanının proteinlerinyapısını iyi anlamış olması gerekir.

C)

Bir virüse karşı etkili bir tedavi geliştirmekiçin, bilim insanlarının öncelikle çeşitliproteinlerin yapısını anlamaları gerekir.

D)

Bir virüse karşı tedavi geliştirmek için, biliminsanlarının proteinlerin yapısını ve işlevinianlamaları gerekir.

E)

Current surgical techniques used to treatcancer lack a reliable way that can identifythe tissue type during the operation.

44.

Kanseri tedavi etmek için kullanılangünümüz cerrahi teknikleri, ameliyatesnasında doku türünü saptayabilengüvenilir bir yöntemden yoksundur.

A)

Kanseri tedavi etmek için de kullanılabilenmevcut güvenilir cerrahi teknikler, ameliyatesnasında doku türünü saptayabilen biryöntemden yoksundur.

B)

Ameliyatta doku türünü saptayabilenyöntemden yoksun olan mevcut cerrahiteknikler, kanser tedavisinde yetersiz kalır.

C)

Ameliyat esnasında doku türünü saptamadagüvenilir bir yöntem olan günümüz cerrahiteknikleri, kanseri ortadan kaldırmak için deuygulanabilir.

D)

Kanseri tedavi etmek için kullandığımızcerrahi teknikleri arasında, ameliyatesnasında doku türünü saptayabilen biryöntem yoktur.

E)

Though the mineral that is most commonlyassociated with bone structure and bonedensity is calcium, other minerals, likemagnesium and phosphorus, are alsoimportant.

45.

Magnezyum ve fosfor gibi bazı minerallerkemik yapısı ve yoğunluğu için çok önemliolmasına rağmen, konuyla en çokilişkilendirilen mineral kalsiyumdur.

A)

Kalsiyum, kemik yapısı ve kemikyoğunluğuyla ilişkilendirilir; ancak,magnezyum ve fosfor gibi diğer minerallerde kemik için oldukça önemlidir.

B)

Kemik yapısı ve kemik yoğunluğuyla enyaygın olarak ilişkilendirilen mineralkalsiyum olmasına rağmen, magnezyum vefosfor gibi diğer mineraller de önemlidir.

C)

Magnezyum ve fosfor gibi diğer mineraller,kemik yapısı ve kemik yoğunluğuyla sıklıklailişkilendirilse de, kemik için en önemlimineral kalsiyumdur.

D)

Kemik yapısı ve kemik yoğunluğuyla yaygınolarak ilişkilendirilen mineral kalsiyumolmasına rağmen, magnezyum ve fosfor gibidiğer mineraller daha önemlidir.

E)


8

AAccording to a study done by LondonUniversity, as well as avoiding tea andcoffee, old people should keep daytime napsshorter than half an hour.

46.

Londra Üniversitesi tarafından yapılan biraraştırmada, çay ve kahveden kaçınan yaşlıinsanların gündüz şekerlemelerini yarımsaat azalttıkları gözlemlenmiştir.

A)

Londra Üniversitesi tarafından yapılanaraştırmalar, çay ve kahve tüketen yaşlıinsanların gündüz şekerlemelerini yarımsaat tutmaları gerektiğini ortaya çıkarmıştır.

B)

Londra Üniversitesi tarafından yapılan biraraştırmaya göre, çay ve kahveden kaçınanyaşlı insanların yarım saatten fazla gündüzşekerlemesi yapmaması gerekir.

C)

Londra Üniversitesi tarafından yapılan biraraştırmaya göre, yaşlı insanlar çay vekahveden kaçınmanın yanı sıra gündüzşekerlemelerini yarım saatten daha kısatutmalıdır.

D)

Londra Üniversitesi'ndeki uzmanlar, yaşlıinsanların gündüz şekerlemelerini yarımsaatten daha kısa tutmalarını ve kahveyioldukça azaltmalarını söylüyor.

E)

People whose parents have developedcoronary artery disease, particularly atyoung ages, are more likely to develop thisdisease.

47.

Koroner atardamar hastalığı olanebeveynlerin çocuklarının, bu hastalığayakalanma olasılığı diğer insanlara göre çokdaha fazladır.

A)

Ebeveynleri koroner atardamar hastalığınayakalanmış olan insanların, bu hastalığaerken yaşlarda yakalanma olasılığıyüksektir.

B)

Çocuklar koroner atardamar hastalığınaerken yaşlarda yakalanmışlarsa, bu onlarınebeveynlerinin de bu hastalığa yakalanmışolduğu anlamına gelir.

C)

Özellikle erken yaşlarda koroner atardamarhastalığı geçirmiş ebeveynlerin çocuklarının,er ya da geç bu gibi hastalıklara yakalanmaihtimalleri vardır.

D)

Ebeveynleri özellikle erken yaşlarda koroneratardamar hastalığına yakalanmış olaninsanların, bu hastalığa yakalanma olasılığıdaha fazladır.

E)

48 - 53. sorularda, verilen Türkçe cümleyeanlamca en yakın İngilizce cümleyibulunuz.

Çalışmalar, kekelemenin beynin ön lobundakonumlanan iki merkez arasındakibağlantının kesintiye uğramasındankaynaklandığını göstermektedir.

48.

According to studies of the brain, stutteringis caused by interruption of the connectionbetween two centers of the brain.

A)

Studies indicate that stuttering is caused byinterruption of the connection between twocenters located on the frontal lobe of thebrain.

B)

Studies indicate that stuttering could becaused by interruption of the connectionbetween two centers located in the brain.

C)

Stuttering may be the result of continuousinterruption of the connection between twocenters located on the frontal lobe,according to studies.

D)

Studies that have centered on stutteringindicate that the frontal lobe of the brain isfrequently interrupted by lack of connection.

E)

Pek çok bulaşıcı hastalığın olduğu koşullardabüyüyen erkeklerin, ilerleyen yaşlarda dahadüşük testosteron seviyesine sahip olmasımuhtemeldir.

49.

If men grow up in conditions where there arelots of infectious diseases, they will probablyhave a low testosterone level at later ages.

A)

Men who grow up in a place where manypeople develop infectious diseases will havea lower testosterone level at later ages.

B)

Conditions in which there are lots ofinfectious diseases are likely to determinewhether a man will have a lowertestosterone level at later ages or not.

C)

Men who grow up in conditions where thereare lots of infectious diseases are likely tohave a lower testosterone level at laterages.

D)

Men who are likely to have a lowertestosterone level at later ages could havegrown up in conditions where there are lotsof infectious diseases.

E)


9

AKansere neden olan DNA’daki mutasyonlarkalıtsal olabilir ya da kimyasalkanserojenlerden, radyasyondan vevirüslerden kaynaklanabilir.

50.

Cancer-causing mutations in DNA areusually inherited or caused by chemicalcarcinogens, radiation, and viruses.

A)

Mutations in DNA may cause cancer; inother words, they may be inherited orcaused by carcinogens and viruses.

B)

Mutations in DNA that cause cancer may beinherited or caused by chemicalcarcinogens, radiation, and viruses.

C)

Cancer is caused by mutations in DNA,which may be inherited or be the result ofseveral chemical carcinogens.

D)

Cancer-causing mutations in DNA may beeither inherited or caused by chemicalcarcinogens, such as radiation.

E)

Sosyal medya bağımlılığı henüz tıbben birhastalık olarak tanınmasa da bu platformlarınaşırı kullanım alışkanlığı birçok araştırmanınkonusu olmuştur.

51.

The habit of excessive use of social mediahas become the subject of certain studies;however, it has not medically recognized asa disease yet.

A)

Social media addiction should be medicallyrecognized as a disease since the habit ofexcessive use of these platforms hasalready become the subject of muchresearch.

B)

Even if social media addiction is notmedically recognized as a disease yet,excessive use of these platforms has beenstudied by many scientific centers.

C)

Social media addiction is not medicallyrecognized as a disease yet; however, theexcessive use of these platforms hasalready become the subject of particularresearch.

D)

Although social media addiction is notmedically recognized as a disease yet, thehabit of excessive use of these platformshas become the subject of much research.

E)

Beynin ödül merkezi, hem yağ hem dekarbonhidrat bakımından zengin yiyecekleresadece yağ ya da sadece karbonhidrat içerenyiyeceklerden daha fazla önem verir.

52.

The reward center of the brain values foodsrich in both fat and carbohydrates more thanfoods containing only fat or onlycarbohydrates.

A)

The reward center of the brain is likely tovalue foods rich in fat and carbohydratesmore than foods containing only fat or onlycarbohydrates.

B)

The reward center of the brain values foodsrich only in fat or only carbohydrates morethan foods containing both fat andcarbohydrates.

C)

According to a new study, our brains valuefoods high in both fat and carbohydratesmore than foods that contain onlycarbohydrates.

D)

Foods high in both fat and carbohydratesare the rewards of the brain although it alsovalues foods containing only fat or onlycarbohydrates.

E)

Çocuk felci virüsünden kaynaklanan vakalar1988 yılından bu yana, o sene başlatılan aşıkampanyası sayesinde %99 oranında azaldı.

53.

Cases caused by the wild poliovirus havedropped 99% since 1988 because thevaccination campaign has really worked.

A)

Cases caused by the wild poliovirus havedropped 99% since 1988 thanks to thevaccination campaign launched in that year.

B)

The vaccination campaign that waslaunched in 1988 aimed to prevent thecases caused by the wild poliovirus by 99%.

C)

The vaccination campaign of 1988 playedan important role in our fight against the wildpoliovirus and reduced cases by 99% sincethen.

D)

A vaccination campaign was launched in1988; and, as a result, the wild polioviruscases have dropped 99% since then.

E)


10

A

54 - 59. sorularda, parçada anlambütünlüğünü sağlamak için boş bırakılanyerlere getirilebilecek cümleyi bulunuz.

The close proximity of the lower esophagusto the bottom of the heart gives rise to theterm “heartburn”, the burning sensation thatis experienced when gastric contents bubbleback up into this section of the alimentarytract. -------. This kind of chronicgastrointestinal conditions can significantlyinterfere with the quality of life. Therefore,people with these conditions should consulttheir doctors.

54.

Gastroenterologists recommend reducingthe consumption of foods high in fats

A)

Drinking plenty of non-caffeinated andnon-alcoholic fluids throughout the day isadvised

B)

The gastrointestinal system represents abalance of mechanical and chemicalfunctions

C)

The 21st century has brought amazingadvances in treatments for gastrointestinalconditions

D)

Gastroesophageal reflux disorder developswhen such backwash becomes chronic

E)

Memory refers to the storage of informationthat is necessary for the performance ofmany cognitive tasks. Working memory (alsoknown as short-term memory) is the memoryone uses, for example, to remember atelephone number after looking it up in adirectory and while dialing. The capacity ofworking memory is limited, and it decreasesif not exercised. On the other hand, long-termmemory, also called secondary or referencememory, stores information for longerperiods. -------.

55.

Memory is stored over wide areas of thebrain rather than in any single location

A)

As a result, short-term memory is the oneyou will definitely need most

B)

The capacity of long-term memory isunlimited, and it can endure indefinitely

C)

In other words, the longer memory lasts, theless effective it becomes

D)

These three memory types define how yourecall stored information

E)

-------. If it is confined to a local area and doesnot spread, it is called a benign tumor. If itspreads to neighboring tissues or to distantparts of the body, it is called a malignanttumor. The general term for any type ofmalignant tumor is cancer. The process oftumor cell spread is called metastasis.Tumors are found in all kinds of tissue, butthey appear most frequently in those thatrepair themselves most quickly.

56.

Membranes help to prevent the spread ofinfection from one area of the body toanother

A)

Malignant tumors, unlike benign ones, cancause death wherever they appear

B)

Benign tumors are not dangerous inthemselves; they do not spread

C)

Any abnormal growth of cells is called atumor, or neoplasm

D)

Many cases of the disease are nowdiagnosed by routine screening tests

E)


11

A-------. These types are distinguished basedon their cellular structure and anatomicallocations. The organization of cells within thedifferent types of muscle fibers influenceshow a muscle functions. For example,cellular organization determines the speed ofmuscle contraction. While the cells inskeletal muscle tissue are organized in a waythat facilitates rapid contraction, the cells insmooth muscle tissue are designed so as tolimit contraction speed but also enableinvoluntary contraction.

57.

Considerable variation can be found amongthe different skeletal muscles, depending onthe function of the muscle

A)

The ability to perform physical workdepends ultimately on the ability of musclecells

B)

Multiple types of filter exist to protect againstbeam-related injuries, and these are notalways easy to distinguish

C)

There is a high degree of organization withinthe fiber, a series of alternately dark andlight bands

D)

The human body contains three primarytypes of muscle tissue, known as striated,smooth, and cardiac

E)

Bone is one of the hardest substances foundin the human body, second only to theenamel of the teeth. However, bone is also aliving tissue, undergoing constant change.-------. The two principal components of thismaterial, collagen and calcium phosphate,distinguish bone from other hard tissues.Bone tissue makes up the individual bones ofthe human skeletal system, as well as theskeletons of other vertebrates.

58.

However, compact bone is dense and has abony matrix

A)

It consists of cells embedded in anabundant, hard intercellular material

B)

In spite of this, they may resist a certainamount of compressive force

C)

Therefore, long bones exhibit a number ofcommon structural features

D)

In addition to this, mature compact bone islamellar, or layered, in structure

E)

Posture is the position and carriage of thelimbs and the body as a whole. Except whenlying down, the first postural requirement isto apply a counterforce against gravity,which is pulling the body toward the ground.-------. However, the muscles are not keptcontracted all the time. As the posturechanges and the center of gravity shifts,different muscles are stretched andcontracted.

59.

Movements may be carried out by themuscles of the trunk and body cavity

A)

The back should be carefully examined forposture, spinal curves, or asymmetries

B)

Microscopic endodontics improve postureand reduce neck and back fatigue

C)

Every movement of the body has to becorrect for speed and position

D)

This force causes stretch reflexes to keepthe lower limbs extended and the backupright

E)


12

A

60 - 65. sorularda, cümleler sırasıylaokunduğunda parçanın anlambütünlüğünü bozan cümleyi bulunuz.

(I) The woman’s body undergoes profoundchanges during the course of pregnancy. (II)Most health-care providers will do apregnancy blood test at the first prenatalvisit to confirm the pregnancy. (III) Hundredsof hormones unique to pregnancy initiateand facilitate these changes, the mostobvious of which are enlarged breasts and asteadily expanding belly. (IV) Thisbiochemical flood is also responsible for theemotional swings that characterize earlypregnancy. (V) Nearly every body systemmodifies its functions in a way to support thepregnancy and the developing fetus.

60.

IA)IIB)IIIC)IVD)VE)

(I) Some people find themselves alone whilelosing weight because other family membersdo not want to make the same changes intheir own eating habits and physical activity.(II) A weight loss approach that balancesdecreased food intake and increasedexercise can provide steady, sustainableresults. (III) Health experts recommend a rateof nonsurgical weight loss that targets nomore than a 10% drop in weight over no lessthan six months for optimal success inkeeping the weight off long term. (IV)Short-term weight loss goals help monitorprogress and establish a sense of success.(V) Therefore, dietitians recommend peoplewith weight problems to start with easy andachievable goals to motivate themselves.

61.

IA)IIB)IIIC)IVD)VE)

(I) The heart is one of the most vital organs inthe human body. (II) Its function is tocirculate the blood by acting as a pump. (III)With each heartbeat, blood is pushed into thearteries and through the veins. (IV) It thencourses around the body in a one-way circuitso that it eventually returns to the heart torepeat the process. (V) With the exception ofsome invertebrates, the heart is ananatomical feature common to members ofthe animal kingdom.

62.

IA)IIB)IIIC)IVD)VE)


13

A(I) The influenza pandemic of 1918 was, interms of loss of life, the most catastrophicillness to have ever afflicted the world’spopulation. (II) Nothing before or since hasapproached its effects in terms of thenumber of fatalities or in the speed withwhich it spread. (III) From the latter part ofthe 19th century until World War I, manyEuropeans and Americans had taken comfortin the idea that scientific and medicalprogress had created a better world. (IV)Earlier recorded pandemics of influenza hadtaken place in 1781, 1847, and 1889. (V) Thewar shattered most of that illusion, but anycomfort that might have been derived fromadvances in medical science was not to befound as millions died from the disease.

63.

IA)IIB)IIIC)IVD)VE)

(I) Variations in breathing result fromchanges in metabolic demands in the tissuesof the body. (II) For example, during exercise,increased levels of oxygen are needed to fuelmuscle function, and thus the number ofbreaths taken per minute increases. (III) Thebrain also seems to anticipate changes in themetabolic rate caused by exercise. (IV) At theopposite end of the spectrum, during sleep,the body’s metabolic rate slows, and thusbreathing typically becomes lighter. (V)However, the association between sleep andbreathing is more complicated than thisbecause brain activity changes as a personprogresses through the different stages ofsleep.

64.

IA)IIB)IIIC)IVD)VE)

(I) Because of the need for the earlydevelopment of a transport system within theembryo, the organs of the vascular systemare among the first to appear and to assumetheir functional role. (II) In fact, this system isestablished in its basic form by the fourthweek of embryonic life. (III) At approximatelythe 18th day of gestation, cells begin to grouptogether between the outer and inner skin ofthe embryo. (IV) In the human body, thereexist discrete systems of vessels withspecific functions contributing to the overallcirculation of blood. (V) These cells soonbecome rearranged so that the moreperipheral ones join to form a continuousflattened sheet enclosing more centrallyplaced cells.

65.

IA)IIB)IIIC)IVD)VE)


14

A

66 - 68. soruları aşağıda verilen parçayagöre cevaplayınız.

Cancer is one of the most invasive anddestructive diseases of our civilization. It is hardto treat because it spreads rapidly, and thenumber of cancer types is still increasing.Currently, 11 million people yearly are diagnosedwith cancer, and this number will increase to 16million yearly in 2020. Early diagnosis andeffective treatment may save cancer patientsfrom death. The treatment varies but is usually acombination of surgery, radiotherapy,chemotherapy, hormonal therapy, and biologicaltherapies, as well as targeted therapy. Thechoice of therapy depends on the type of cancer,its location and grade, the stage of the disease,and the general state of a patient. Among thesetreatments, chemotherapy plays an importantrole. The most frequently used chemotherapeuticagents are 5-fluorouracil, cisplatin, paclitaxel,and docetaxel. These molecules typically induceapoptosis in cancer cells, but they may also betoxic to normal human cells and cause many sideeffects. Therefore, it is imperative that wedevelop new and more advanced molecules withanticancer properties.

It is stated in the text that -------.66.

it is the patients who choose the treatmentstrategy

A)

early diagnosis has saved the lives of 11million cancer patients so far

B)

new therapies help decrease the number ofannual cancer patients

C)

the treatment of cancer involves a blend ofdistinct medical practices

D)

new cancer types are relatively easier totreat

E)

According to the text, -------.67.

we need to find a single treatment strategy ifwe want to win the war against cancer

A)

most patients avoid chemotherapy becauseit is the most painful treatment method

B)

the molecules currently used inchemotherapy may cause damage tohealthy cells as well

C)

cancer research is on the verge of stoppingdue to the lack of reliable data

D)

some doctors provide alternative therapiesfor their cancer patients, even though it isbanned

E)

The text is mainly about -------.68.

the current methods of cancer treatmentA)the types of diagnosis regarding cancerpatients

B)

the current and future figures regardingcancer

C)

the importance of clinical chemotherapyD)a comparison of modern cancer treatmentsE)


15

A


Although the origins of nursing predate themid-19th century, the history of professionalnursing traditionally begins with FlorenceNightingale. In Nightingale’s era, the nursing ofstrangers, either in hospitals or in their homes,was not seen as a respectable career forwell-bred ladies, who, if they wished to nurse,were expected to do so only for sick familymembers and intimate friends. In a radicaldeparture from these views, Nightingale believedthat well-educated women, using scientificprinciples and informed education about healthylifestyles, could dramatically improve the care ofsick patients. Moreover, she believed thatnursing provided an ideal independent calling fullof intellectual and social freedom for women,who at that time had few other career options.For centuries, most nursing of the sick had takenplace at home and had been the responsibility offamilies, friends, and respected communitymembers with reputations as effective healers.On the other hand, during epidemics, such ascholera, typhus, and smallpox, men took onactive nursing roles. For example, StephenGirard, a wealthy French-born banker, won thehearts of his fellow citizens for hiscompassionate nursing of the victims of the 1793yellow fever epidemic.

We understand from the text that -------. 69.

Florence Nightingale followed andencouraged traditional nursing practices

A)

Florence Nightingale and Stephen Girardworked together to promote nursing as aprofession

B)

thanks to Florence Nightingale’s efforts,women started to nurse sick family members

C)

nursing began in the mid-19th century andsoon became a respectable career

D)

Florence Nightingale played a key role in thedevelopment of nursing as a profession

E)

According to the text, -------. 70.

nursing was just one of the many jobopportunities available to women in the 19th

century

A)

Nightingale believed nursing would helpwomen become economically independentindividuals

B)

scientific principles played as important arole as traditional family values did innursing

C)

in the 19th century, there appeared manyinstitutions throughout Europe to trainwomen as professional nurses

D)

at the time of Florence Nightingale, womenwere not allowed to work with strangersanywhere

E)

According to the text, Stephen Girard -------. 71.

was one of the first wealthy businessmenwho invested in the healthcare sector

A)

donated large sums of money to fightepidemics, such as cholera, typhus, andsmallpox

B)

was a respected community member whohelped people in need of healthcare

C)

financially supported Nightingale’s projectsto train young women as professionalnurses

D)

decided to help the sick after the 1793yellow fever epidemic claimed many lives inhis home town

E)


16

A


Some researchers in Germany have found thatStaphylococcus lugdunensis bacteria in thehuman nasal cavity are capable of producinglugdunin. It is a powerful antibiotic with apreviously undiscovered chemical structure. Thisis a surprising development because normallyantibiotics are formed only by soil bacteria andfungi. The findings of the research open up thepossibility of finding other new and usefulantibiotics in the human body. Tests on micehave shown that lugdunin can be used to combatpathogens that have become resistant to manytraditional antibiotics. One potential use of thisnew type of antibiotic would be to introduce theharmless lugdunin-forming bacteria to patientswho are at risk from MRSA, a bacterial infection.This new antibiotic may also be an effective toolto fight the growing problem of antibioticresistance, caused by improper use ofantibiotics. Lugdunin may save thousands ofpeople’s lives as recent studies suggest thatmore people will die from resistant bacteria in thecoming decades than from cancer.

Staphylococcus lugdunensis -------.72.

is a kind of antibiotic that is produced fromsoil bacteria

A)

is the only antibiotic that pathogens cannotdevelop resistance to

B)

is a bacterium that has developedresistance to all known antibiotics

C)

may be a very effective antibiotic for someantibiotic-resistant diseases

D)

has been discovered accidentally during aresearch project into antibiotics

E)

According to the text, -------. 73.

there may be some types of antibiotics inthe human body that we have notdiscovered yet

A)

there is no reason to be alarmed aboutantibiotic-resistant diseases

B)

Staphylococcus lugdunensis is produced byvarious organs in our bodies

C)

cancer patients can be treated withStaphylococcus lugdunensis

D)

soil bacteria make a more effective antibioticthan those in the human body

E)

It is clear from the text that -------.74.

MRSA may be one of the diseases thatlugdunin can treat

A)

the number of deaths caused by cancer willexceed those attributable toantibiotic-resistant diseases

B)

lugdunin has the same chemical structureas soil bacteria

C)

human trials have shown that lugdunin willbe a very effective antibiotic

D)

lugdunin is planned to be used for infectionsof the human nasal cavity

E)


17

A


Medicine has been practiced in various waysthroughout history. In primitive societies, the artof healing was an experimental process, largelyguided by trial and error. Many diseases werebelieved to be brought upon humans by demonsor other supernatural phenomena. Thus, much ofthe early art of healing dealt with intangibleelements of human culture. Over time, however,as more became known about human diseaseand as the practice of medicine was graduallyrefined, systems of medicine embedded infolklore were surmounted by systems groundedin the scientific study of basic human anatomyand physiology. This shift marked a major turningpoint in the history of medicine. Westernmedicine has since become the standard againstwhich all other forms of medicine are measuredfor their ability to diagnose and treat humandisease. Despite its dominance in the West,however, modern medicine is not the most widelypracticed form of medicine in the world today.Rather, various forms of traditional medicine,with origins in places such as Asia and LatinAmerica, are the primary means of healing forthe majority of the modern world’s population.

According to the text, -------.75.

the practice of medicine was graduallyrefined and systemized by primitivesocieties

A)

most medical problems in primitivecommunities were explained withsuperstitious beliefs

B)

experimental processes eradicated medicalproblems in primitive communities

C)

the first examples of modern medicine canbe traced back to primitive communities

D)

primitive societies suffered from numerousdiseases that cannot be cured even bymodern medicine

E)

It is clear from the text that -------. 76.

the primitive art of healing was based on thestudy of human anatomy and physiology

A)

Western medicine continues to use all theschemes of medicine embedded in folklore

B)

the shift from traditional to modern medicinewas sudden and unexpected

C)

today there are still countries where peopleprefer traditional treatment methods

D)

modern medicine has failed to explainsupernatural phenomena

E)

The text is mainly about -------. 77.

the key role primitive societies played in thedevelopment of medicine

A)

some of the disadvantages of modernmedicine

B)

the evolution of medicine into a modernscientific practice

C)

the role of Western countries in fightingagainst traditional medical practices

D)

the similarities between traditional andmodern medical practices

E)


18

A


A person’s gender, along with other factors,determines his or her ideal amount of body fat.Women need more body fat than men tomaintain their fertility. On average, healthywomen have 22% body fat, and healthy menhave 14%. To maintain essential body functions,women need at least 12% body fat, but not morethan 32%; for men, the range is between 3% and29%. This difference between females and malesis due to the fact that women store more fat ontheir breasts, hips, and thighs than men do. Thisdifference in muscle mass leads to increasedenergy use by males, since muscles use moreenergy than fat does. Women also have an 8%thicker layer of skin under the outer epidermallayer than men. This means that, in a womanand a man of similar strength and body fat, thewoman’s muscles would look smoother and lessdefined than the man’s would. Apart from this, aperson’s frame size also influences bodyfat—larger-boned people carry more fat. Inaddition, body fat tends to increase with age.

According to the text -------.78.

there is no relationship between the size ofthe bones and the amount of body fat

A)

women need more energy than men due tomuscle mass

B)

men need to store more body fat because oftheir need for energy

C)

gender is the only factor determining theamount of body fat

D)

men’s skin layer is thinner than that ofwomen

E)

It is clear from the text that -------.79.

fat uses much more energy than muscles doA)

a certain amount of body fat is vital forwomen to give birth

B)

women’s muscles are thicker than men’sdue to the skin layer

C)

a woman with 35% body fat is accepted ashealthy

D)

the younger we are, the more body fat westore

E)

The text is mainly about -------.80.

how body fat changes as we grow older A)how much body fat one should have to behealthy

B)

the distribution and function of body fat inboth genders

C)

the reasons why women have more body fatthan men

D)

the relationship between body fat andcertain diseases

E)


19

A Grubu Cevap Anahtarı1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20E D B C A D E A C B D E A D C B A E B A

21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40A C E B A C E B C D A C D B A A E B D C

41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60E B D A C D E B D C E A B E C D E B E B

61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80A E D C D D C A E B C D A A B D C E B C


20

Documents

2019 YÖKDİL İLKBAHAR - A - TemaDil-Yabancı Dil Akademisi · 2019. 5. 4. · İİlİce alk bİlİlerİ a 1 - 20 xtwzqfwif h¾rqjij gt ! gówfpóqfs ^jwqjwj z^lzs i¾ !js x¸_h¾p