Zhejiang University

2019 WEC

WTE Status and Technology

Development

QUNXING HUANG(黄群星)

PhD, Professor

Vice Dean, College of Energy Engineering

Zhejiang University

1、Global WTE status

2、China WTE status

3、WTE Technology development

4、WTE Activates at ZJU

Outline

Global waste generation➢ 2016, the worlds’ cities generated 2.01 billion tones of solid waste, amounting to

a footprint of 0.74 kilograms per person per day

World Bank, A Global Snapshot of Solid Waste Management to 2050, 2019

Global waste generation

World Bank, A Global Snapshot of Solid Waste Management to 2050, 2019

➢ Waste generation strongly relates with local economic and urbanization rate

➢ Waste in high-income country consist more paper and plastics

4.8 times

Global waste treatment (2019)

➢ 33% solid waste was open dumped

➢ Only 11% solid waste was incinerated for energy recovery

World Bank, A Global Snapshot of Solid Waste Management to 2050, 2019

Waste treatment technology

➢ Comparing with other techs, waste-to-energy is more efficient and expensive

World Bank, Decision Maker’s Guides for Solid Waste Management Technologies, 2018

Sanitary Landfill Composting Anaerobic Digestion WTE

Basic Process Disposal Biological treatment Biological treatment Thermal treatment

Ideal Types of Waste

Municipal solid waste,

construction and demolition waste,

wastewater sludge, non-

hazardous industrial wastes

Food waste (including wastes

from households, restaurants

and markets), fats/ oils/ grease,

paper and cardboard,

landscaping and garden waste

Food waste (including wastes

from households, restaurants

and markets), fats/

oils/grease, slaughterhouse

waste and garden waste

Mixed municipal solid

waste, medical waste,

demolition wood, auto

shredder residue, dried

sewage sludge, and some

industrial solid wastes

Waste to Avoid MedicalNon-biodegradable wastes

(plastic, glass, metal, inerts)

Non-biodegradable wastes

(plastic, glass, metal, inerts),

tree clippings

Yard leaves or source-

separated food waste

Mass Reduction of Waste (%) 0.5 0.5 80-85%

(kWh/tonne of MSW) 65 (landfill gas) 165 - 245 500-600

Capital costs (US$/annual tonne) 5 - 52 (US$/tonne over lifetime) 30-400 220 - 660 190-1000

Operating costs (US$/tonne) 7 – 30 ( up to120) 12-100 22-57 12-55

WTE in Europe

Incineration plant quantity

Annual waste incineration (Million tons)

https://www.cewep.eu

1. France 125 plants

2. Germany 96 plants

3. United Kingdom, 40 plants

4. Sweden, 34 plants

http://energyrecoverycouncil.org, 2018

WTE in USA

Incinerators quantity Waste treatment capacity (t/d)

➢ The total processing scale is basically unchanged➢ The number of incinerators decreased, and the treatment scale

of single furnace increased➢ Incineration accounts for more than 80%

WTE in Japan

1、Global WTE status

2、China WTE status

3、WTE Technology development

4、WTE Activates at ZJU

Outline

➢2018, MSW collected in 670 cities reached 247.87 million

tons for 665.57 million people in city

➢From 2007 to 2014, MSW increased at average rate of 4.5%

➢From 2014 to 2018, MSW increased at average rate of 7%

MSW in China

0

50

100

150

200

250

2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

MSW COLLECTED (Million Tons)

0.87 kg per person per day

WTE capacity in China

◆ 408 plants are under operating till September of 2019

◆ 120 plants are under constructing and another 102 is

planning

◆ Over 100 million tonnes of MSW were burned 2018

◆ MSW incineration ratio is around 47%

WTE

technology

Plant

NumberCapacity(ton/day)

Power capacity

MWe

Moving grate 330 350000 7025

CFB 78 70000 1730

Total 408 420000 8755

http://www.stats.gov.cn/

MSW power generation capacity

Heilongjiang

11

Xinjiang

7

Tianjin 8 Beijing 9

Liaoning

15

Jilin

16

Anhui

33

Jiangsu

51

Shanxi

6

Shanxi

15

Hebei

26 Shandong

63 Gansu

7

Ningxia

2 Qinghai

1

Zhejiang

53

Guangdong

50

Fujian

24

Jiangxi

13 Hunan

18

Hubei

20

Henan

22

Sichuan

28

Tibet

1

Taiwan

26

Guizhou

15 Yunnan

18 Guangxi

9

Hainan

7

Shanghai

9

Hong Kong

0 Macao

1

Inner Mongoria

9

Chongqi

ng

9

◆ In coastal developed

areas, Zhejiang,

Jiangsu, Guangdong,

Shandong and Fujian

provinces account for

61% of the total

installed capacity

◆ In undeveloped areas of

western China, the total

installed capacity is

relatively lower.

◆All provinces have WTE plants except HK SAR.

◆Electricity generation accounts for 52% of all biomass power

generation capacity

Moving Grate WTE (330 plant) Waste-to-Energy Plant layout (Moving Grate, 700 t/d)

Deacidifica

tion

System

Active carbon

65 kg/h Bag Filter

Power Generator

12 MW

Induced

Draft Fan

Saturated steam

245 3.66Mpa

Superheated steam

450

50183 kg/h

Secondary air

37108 kg/h

Primary air

59373 kg/h

Lime stone

616 kg/h

Clean Flue gas

159.68 15118 kg/h

Bottom ash

6663 kg/h

Stack

Fly ash

1032 kg/h

Cold air

20

Cold air

20 241

Leakage

Sewage

4375 kg/h

Leak air

36441 kg/h

Ferrous and non ferrous

583 kg/h

MSW PIT

MSW

29166.667 kg/h

hydraulic drive

多级炉排

furnace arch

318

Feedwater

120

Dirty

Flue gas

Ever Bright Sanfeng, Martin Kangheng SUS

CFB WTE system (78 plants)

41

2

3

5

67

11

1

2

3

41

2

56

7

8

1

2

3

4

5

8

910

5 6

7

8

1) msw feeder; 2) air distributor; 3) bottom ash discharger; 4) CFB combustion chamber;5) cyclone seperator;6) super heater 7) economizer;8) air preheater; 9) primary fan 10) secondary fan 11) induce fan

(a) (b) (c)

Deacidification

System

Active carbon

65.06kg/h Bag Filter

Power System

12 MW

Induced

Draft Fan

Dry slag

separator

Saturated steam

245 3.66Mpa

Superheated steam

450 50183 kg/h

Secondary air

37022.62kg/h

Primary air

59373.94kg/h

Lime stone

616.67kg/h

Clean Flue gas

159.68 151576.31kg/h

Bottom ash

5961.91kg/h

Stack

Fly ash

1733.83kg/h

Feedwater

120

Cold air

20

Cold air

20

248

330

248

Leakage

Sewage

2916.67kg/h

Leak air

36441.10kg/h

Ferrous and non ferrous

583 kg/h

MSW

PRETRE

ATMENT

Shredder

MSW PIT

Waste-to-Energy with Circulating Fluidized Bed (700 t/d)

Dirty

Flue

gas

Zhejiang Univ CAS Tsinghua Univ

1、Global WTE status

2、China WTE status

3、WTE Technology development

4、WTE Activates at ZJU

Outline

(1) Larger capacity

➢Bigger WTE plants will be built

Shanghai LaoGang, 12*750 t/d Beijing Lujiashan，8*750 t/d

Shenzhen East plant，6*850 t/d Hangzhou, Riverside plant, 6*870 t/d

Flue gas cleaning system：◼ SNCR + Semi-dry Process + Dry Scrubbing + Activated Carbon Injection + Fabric Filter + SGH +

SCR + Wet Scrubbing + GGH

◼ Lowest air pollutant emissions among China’s WtE plants, under the limit values set out in

2010/75/EU Industrial Emissions Directive

◼ First National History Museum of Municipal Solid Waste

SUS Ningbo WTE Plant

Annual treatment capacity： 821,250 tons (3×750 t/d)

(1) Larger capacity

750 t/d, MG

(2) Larger incinerator

900t/d MG，Ever Bright 750t/d two-stage MG, HZ 850t/d CFB，Jinjiang

➢Capacity over 900t/d of single unit

(3) Ultra low emission① Conditioning

② SNCR

③ Retardant

④ Semi-dry scrubber

⑤ AC

⑥ Bag house

⑦ SCR

⑧ GGH

⑨ Wet Scrubber

(4) Higher efficiency

ash/slagging corrosion

Cl、S、Na/K

➢Cl//S/Na/K corrosion during MSW incineration

Ma WC, 2019, PECS

Provided by prof. Yu, Huazhong Univ. Sci. & Tec.

(4) Higher efficiency

➢Using Extra heat exchanger to reduce corrosion

Valmet CYMIC boiler technology, Shandong & Urumchi

CO,0~15ppm

Storage Preliminary crushing Biological drying Mechanical separation

RDF

Power plant

Bricks, tiles, etc

Metal, glass, etc

(5) MBT+CFB

2x1000t/d, Jinjiang Linzi plant

Mechanical separation processAfter MBT the raw waste with heating value of 1000 Kcal/kg and water content

of 55-60% to a heating value of about 2500 Kcal/kg, and the water content

decreases to less than 30%

Combustible materials

Mechanical separation system

High-parameter fluidized bed

Load description Point

Combustion capacity(t/d) 1000

Steam temperature (℃) 520

Steam pressure (bar) 79

Feed water temperature (℃) 132

Total steam heat load (MW) 108

Excess air ratio 1.3

Over 850 kwh is

generated

at efficiency of 32%

(6) Smart incineration tech.

MSW composition analysis from flame spectra

Optical

Fiber

Computer

Moving

Grate

thermocouple

Combustion

Zone

Reciprocating

Moving Grate

Primary Air

paper tissuefluting

paper

wood

chops

ticks

bamboo chopsticks strawbanana

peelorange

peelcotton

cloth

chemical

fabric nonwovens PVC PP

Temperature distribution of a 750t/d waste incinerator

Flame radiation information acquisition equipment

Original flame radiation image Temperature distribution

Comparison with thermocouple temperature measurement

(7) Fly ash Melting

Over 4 million tons of fly ash discharged from WTE plants

Fly ash is classified as hazardous waste

Currently fly ash are stabilized by chelation for landfilling

Before Chelation After Chelation

1、Global WTE status

2、China WTE status

3、WTE Technology development

4、WTE Activates at ZJU

Outline

ZJU-ITPE WTE R&D

◆ State Key Lab for clean energy utilization

◆ National Engineering Lab for WTE R&D

◆ 12 Professor, ~80 Ph.D students

◆ Annual budget, 20 million (RMB)

MSW: 200 million tons

Sludge: 40 million tons100 million tons

MSW & Sludge Industrial Waste Hazardous Waste

450 types

40 million tons

MSW CFB incineration technology

Pre-treated MSW mass burning using CFB

◼ With a capacity of 150 to 800 t/d

◼ 53 WTE plants under operating

◼ Burning 44250 t/d generating 853 MW electricty

➢ The first domestic waste plant with completely independent

intellectual property rights

➢ National demonstration project of high technology industrialization

National Award, 2006

Sludge Drying and incineration technology

Paddle dryer

Sludge in-direct drying and CFB incineration

◼ Unique paddle drying using low-quality steam

◼ combined circulating fluidized bed incinerator

◼ 70% sludge treatment market share

Combined CFB incineratorNational Award, 2014

Hazardous waste mass burning technology

Rotary pyrolysis and stagedcombustion◼ Hazardous wastes are pyrolyzed in rotary reactor

◼ Volatiles are burned in secondary chamber

◼ Bottom ash is burned out on rotating grate

National Award

2017

Thermal plasma fly ash treatment

Plasma fly melting technology◼ 100 kW thermal arc plasmas torch

◼ Fly ash are mixed water to make pellets

◼ Heavy metals leaching out meet GB/T 14848

MG ash CFB ash

Melting ash

Chimney

Pre-

concentra

tionSampling

Separ

ation

Bag

filter

MCP detector

两束光合束光路镜

组

OPO Nd:YAG

Flue

Incinerator flue gas

purification system

Acid

purification

AC

(LASTI-TOFMS)

Fast continuous dioxin monitoring

37

It can run steadily for a long time continuously. 72-hour and 168-hour non-stop tests have

been completed. It has been in stable operation on site for 9 months. The cumulative running

time is nearly 1000 hours, and the quality stability is less than 0.3u/24h

168 hours dioxin TEQ emission curve

24 hours average15 mins

Fast continuous dioxin monitoring

Stability

National Engineering Lab for WTE R&D

共建单位

Co-

construction

Investment: 60 million (RMB)

National Engineering Lab for WTE R&D

(1)MG gasifier(400kg/h)

(2)Up-draft gasifier(100kg/h)

(2)CFB reactor(100kg/h)

(3)Rotary Kiln(100kg/h)

(4)APC system

(5)Plasma torch system(50kg/h)

(6)Stirling Engine(200KW)

(7)Dioxin fast monitor

Zhejiang University

Thank you very much!