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2 0 1 8 AU RO R AH U M A N I TA R I A N

I N D E X

THE AURORA HUMANITARIAN

INDEX

The Aurora Humanitarian Index is an annual global

survey that examines public perceptions of major

humanitarian issues. It explores the international public’s

attitudes toward both responsibility and effectiveness

of humanitarian intervention, as well as the motivations

that urge people to intervene on behalf of others.

2

CONTENTS

Background and methodology

Executive Summary

Key Findings

Growing risk of war, while terrorism remains the most pressing global humanitarian threat

Risk of war as a cause of displacement

Information bias leading to misconceptions about the global refugee crisis

Public opinion divided on welcoming refugees

Sorting out the issue is a joint effort for the international community

NGOs as facilitators of global cooperation

People feel compelled to help and want to know how donations are being used

4

5

8

11

15

30

37

43

49

3

A R M E N I A

I R A NJA PA N

L E B A N O N

T U R K E Y

RU S S I A

G E R M A N Y

F R A N C E

U K

U N I T E D S TAT E S

A RG E N T I N A

K E N YA

AURORA HUMANITARIAN INDEX BACKGROUND & METHODOLOGY

2016 Aurora Humanitarian Index was conducted between March and April 2016 in six countries:

1,000 respondents in France, Germany, United Kingdom, United States

300 respondents in Iran and Lebanon

Total of 4,600 interviews

Aurora Humanitarian Index was conducted between February and March 2017 in 12 countries:

1,000 respondents in France, Germany, United Kingdom, United States

300 in Argentina, Armenia, Iran, Japan, Kenya, Lebanon, Russia, Turkey

Total of 6,466 interviews

2017

Aurora Humanitarian Index was conducted between March and April 2018 in 12 countries:

1,000 respondents in France, Germany, United Kingdom, United States, Argentina, Japan, Armenia, Russia, Turkey

300 in Iran, Kenya, Lebanon

Total of 10,844 online interviews

2018

With support ofResearch partner

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7

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

5

6

K E Y H E A D L I N E S Y E A R - O N -Y E A R

2016

2017

2018

▪ There is a gulf between perception and reality: the public underestimates the number of Syrian refugees by staggering amounts.

▪ There is a ‘‘compassion gap’’: a large gap exists between what people say they feel versus what they would be willing to actually do. Though a vast majority agreed refugees deserve help, only one in two would actually help Syrian refugees if they could.

▪ Misinformation and cynicism dominate public perceptions about refugees: the majority of the public confuses refugees with economic and other types of migrants.

▪ Support for humanitarian action is on the decline: though a majority of respondents agree refugees deserve help, only 37% would welcome refugees into their own countries.

▪ Isolationism and nationalism extend beyond politics: 34% of respondents feel their country is threatened by ethnic minorities, while one third view migrants as a threat to their religious beliefs.

▪ Hope lies with the next generation of humanitarians: younger people value diversity and are more confident in their capacity to drive impact.

▪ Concern over the risk of war is growing: risk of war is growing as a humanitarian challenge and is seen as the top reason people leave their homes around the world.

▪ Children have become humanitarian collateral damage: though children are at tremendous risk, people largely underestimate the proportion of the next generation impacted by humanitarian crises.

▪ The resurgence of leaders: the global population is more confident in representatives from the international community and their ability to address refugee crisis; business leaders are emerging as key actors and leaders in facing humanitarian challenges.

E X E C U T I V E S U M M A R Y

▪ Concern over the risk of war is growing: Terrorism remains the most pressing global humanitarian threat but risk of war is growing. It is now the second or third most pressing challenge across almost all countries and is seen as the top cause leading people to leave their home across the globe. The civil war in Syria is perceived as the challenge that has caused the most displacement.

▪ People are experiencing ‘‘crisis overload’’: 61% say there are too many humanitarian crises to keep up with in the world today. People feel they always hear the same stories and that coverage of the issue focuses on the same countries all the time (54%). People continue to get it wrong when it comes to the countries most affected and assume that developed countries host the most refugees.

▪ Children have become humanitarian collateral damage: Despite children being at tremendous risk in the global refugee crisis, 77% of people do not know or underestimate the proportion of displaced people who are children. However, the plight of children is a catalyst for action: knowing that a humanitarian issue affects children is the number 1 reason that make people feel responsible to act.

▪ The resurgence of leaders: Representatives from the international community and organizations rank high when it comes to having the capabilities to address the refugee crisis: Donald Trump has risen 10 points from the past research and is on par with other global leaders, Angela Merkel is seen as a key figure, as are representatives of the UN such as Filippo Grandi. Business leaders also came through as key players capable to act with Bill Gates and Mark Zuckerberg emerging as the leaders with the strongest capabilities, sometimes on par with political leaders.

▪ NGOs have a clear mandate to take an active role when it comes to addressing humanitarian crises. People recognize their positive impact on the world’s humanitarian challenges and see them as the most trusted bodies when it comes to providing the right level of aid to help address the crisis. People believe NGOs would be much more effective if they were supported by governments - this speaks to the importance of building partnerships. Local NGOs are recognized as key when it comes to taking an active role on the ground for refugees and helping those most in need, while international NGOs are seen as key bodies able to identify politicians across the globe.

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10

GROWING RISK OF WAR,

WHILE TERRORISM REMAINS

THE MOST PRESSING GLOBAL HUMANITARIAN THREAT

‘‘The 2018 Aurora Humanitarian Index provides a wealth of revealing and valuable information regarding citizen perceptions toward humanitarian issues. The Index is a useful guide for international institutions and governments as they engage with stakeholders, including youth who are our future leaders.’’

The World Bank

KEY FINDING

8

9Q1: In your opinion, which of the following are the most pressing, global humanitarian challenges facing humanity right now?

Terrorism (80%)

Terrorism (74%)

Terrorism (69%)

Terrorism (67%)

Terrorism (64%)

Terrorism (51%)

War/Risk of war (72%)


Climate change(57%)

Climate Change(63%)


Protection of children (42%)

Climate Change(52%)


Hunger (57%)


Climate change(47%)


USAUKFrance Germany

Lebanon Iran

1st

2nd

3rd

T E R RO R I S M R E M A I N S O N E O F T H E M O S T P R E S S I N G H U M A N I TA R I A N I S S U E S FAC I N G

T H E W O R L D TO DAY

ArgentinaJapanKenya Armenia

Russia Turkey

Terrorism (50%)

Climate change(52%)

Terrorism (46%)


Hunger (66%)



Hunger (49%)


Terrorism (40%)

Access to clean water (54%)

Access to clean water (27%)


Terrorism (48%)

Relief from natural disasters (40%)


Climate change(52%)

Terrorism (22%)

1st

2nd

3rd

2018 total respondents across 12 countries=10844, USA=1000, UK=1053, France=1000, Germany=1107, Lebanon=357, Iran=334, Armenia=1047, Argentina=1147, Russia=1290, Japan=1105, Turkey=1061, Kenya=343

10Q1: In your opinion, which of the following are the most pressing, global humanitarian challenges facing humanity right now?

WA R / R I S K O F WA R I S N O W A TO P C O N C E R N AC RO S S M U LT I P L E C O U N T R I E S

63%

41%

42%

42%

33%

39%

42%

21%

24%

17%

58%

52%

44%

41%

36%

36%

34%

25%

24%

24%

15%

Terrorism

War / Risk of war

Climate change

Hunger (e.g. famine, food scarcity)

Protection of children (e.g. health, safety and education)

Access to clean water (e.g. drought, water sanitation)

Forced migration (e.g. refugees, asylum seekers)

Relief from natural disasters (e.g. earthquakes, floods)

Preventable diseases (e.g. outbreaks, pandemics)

Protection of women (e.g. health, safety and women's rights)

Forced Labor (e.g. slavery)

+11pts

-8pts

No data for wave 2

2017 2018

2017 total respondents across 12 countries=6466 2018 total respondents across 12 countries=10844

YEAR-ON-YEAR EVOLUTION OF HUMANITARIAN CHALLENGES

2017 / 2018Most pressing global humanitarian challenges facing the world right now

7

RISK OF WAR AS A CAUSE OF DISPLACEMENT

‘‘The wars driving so much of refugee flight can be difficult to solve, but solutions for the refugees fleeing these conflicts should be, in theory, much easier. Yet the world’s richest countries increasingly feel burdened by the refugee flow, even though the vast majority of today’s refugees live in developing countries.’’

Kenneth RothExecutive Director

Human Rights Watch

KEY FINDING

11

12

HALF SEE WAR / RISK OF WAR AS T H E N U M B E R O N E C AU S E L E A D I N G

PEOPLE TO LEAVE THEIR HOMES

Q32: Which of the following do you think are the top 3 causes leading to people leaving their homes/countries in the last 12 months?


1%

1%

2%

2%

3%

6%

12%

20%

52%

Other

Risk of preventable diseases(e.g. outbreaks, pandemics)

Climate change

Forced Labor (e.g. slavery)

No access to clean water(e.g. drought, water sanitation)

Natural disasters(e.g. earthquakes, floods)

Hunger (e.g. famine, foodscarcity)

Terrorism

War/risk of war

38%

47%

47%

48%

48%

51%

51%

54%

57%

57%

58%

64%

USA

Lebanon

Japan

Argentina

Armenia

UK

Iran

France

Kenya

Turkey

Russia

Germany

Top cause leading people to leave their home globally:

War / risk of war as a top cause by country:

13

DISPLACEMENT DUE TO CONFLICT / V I O L E N C E H A S N E A R LY D O U B L E D S I N C E 2 0 0 0 AND INCREASED SHARPLY IN LAST FIVE YEARS

Source: Global Report on Internal Displacement 2017 www.internal-displacement.org/global-report/grid2017/

By the end of 2016, 40.3 million people were internally displaced because of conflict and violence in the world

Refugees and IDPs displaced by conflict and violence, 1990 to 2016

IDPs Refugees

http://www.internal-displacement.org/global-report/grid2017/

14

52%

9% 8% 7% 5%3% 2% 2% 2% 2% 1%

Civil war in Syria

War in Afghanistan

Refugee crisis in Europe

Internal violence

in Iraq

Persecution of the

Rohingya in Myanmar

Drought and famine in Somalia

Conflict and famine

in South Sudan

Drought and famine in Ethiopia

Conflict and famine

in Nigeria

Conflict and famine

in Yemen

Conflict and famine in theD.R. Congo

Q34: In your opinion, which of the below have caused the most displacement of people from their homes?

M O R E T H A N H A L F T H I N K THE SYRIAN CIVIL WAR IS THE NUMBER ONE

C AU S E O F D I S P L AC E M E N T

2018 total respondents across 12 countries=10844

TOP CRISIS CAUSING MOST DISPLACEMENT OF PEOPLE FROM THEIR HOMES

78% in Lebanon and 73% in Turkey think the civil war in Syria is

the top cause of displacement

7

INFORMATION BIAS

LEADING TO MISCONCEPTIONS

ABOUT THE GLOBAL REFUGEE CRISIS

‘‘The Humanitarian Index gives some hints as to what might be done: Classic media (TV, print, radio) still enjoy quite a lot of trust, but many people would like a more diverse coverage on global migration issues. At the same time, many people feel that they always hear the same stories about the same (Western, European) countries. Thus, a more balanced and fact-based media coverage of migration and refugee issues, illustrating chances as well as risks, and offering more analysis on the impact of migration in other world regions, would be helpful.’’

Nadine BiehlerAssociate in the Global Issues Division

German Institute for International and Security Affairs (SWP)

Steffen AngenendtHead of the Global Issues DivisionGerman Institute for International and Security Affairs (SWP)

KEY FINDING

15

16

S E N T I M E N T & AWA R E N E S S O F H U M A N I TA R I A N C R I S E S AC RO S S

T H E G LO B E

Q47: How much do you agree or disagree with the following statements?


There are too many humanitarian crises to keep up

with in the world today

61%A G R E E

82%

77%

68%

65%

63%

60%

59%

59%

56%

56%

50%

46%

LEBANON

KENYA

ARGENTINA

TURKEY

FRANCE

RUSSIA

ARMENIA

GERMANY

IRAN

UK

USA

JAPAN

WE ARE EXPERIENCING ″CRISIS OVERLOAD″

17

T V R E M A I N S T H E M O S T T R U S T E D S O U RC E O F I N F O R M AT I O N A B O U T

R E F U G E E C R I S I S

Q48: How much do you trust the following groups/institutions to give you accurate information about the global refugee crisis? 2018 total respondents across 12 countries= 10844

BUT THE LEVEL OF TRUST IS GRADUALLY DECLINING FROM 67% IN 2016 AND 59% IN 2017

Level of trust in sources that give accurate information about the global refugee crisis

57%

53%

52%

52%

TV

Friends & family

Print media (Newspapers, magazines)

Radio

Search engines (Google, Yahoo, Bing, others)

Social media (Facebook, Twitter, others)

Other online sources

E-mail (e.g. newsletters)

Blogs

SMS / text message

MORE TRUSTED

LESS TRUSTED

47%

36%

36%

30%

27%

18%

18

PERCEPTION VS. REALITY

5 4 %

3 0 %

2 4 %

2 1 %

2 1 %

1 5 %

1 3 %

1 1 %

1 0 %

9 %

6 0 % 5 0 % 4 0 % 3 0 % 2 0 % 1 0 % 0 %

GERMANY

FRANCE

TURKEY

USA

ITALY

UK

GREECE

CANADA

SPAIN

RUSSIA

D E V E LO P E D VS. D E V E LO P I N G C O U N T R I E S

Countries that have accepted the highest number of refugees over the past decade

Q13: Based on what you know, which countries have accepted the highest number of refugees over the last decade? 2018 total respondents across 12 countries=10844

2018

GETTING IT WRONG ON REFUGEES.. .AGAIN

19

2 . 9

1 . 4

1

0 . 9 7 9

0 . 9 4

0 . 7 9 1

0 . 6 8 5

0 . 6 6 9

0 . 4 5 2

0 . 4 5 1

TURKEY

PAKISTAN

LEBANON

IRAN

UGANDA

ETHIOPIA

JORDAN

GERMANY

D.R. CONGO

KENYA

Countries hosting most refugees in 2017 (in millions) UNHCR

UNHCR SOURCE: UNHCR - Global Trends Report 2016, UNHCR Global Appeal Report 2018/2019

PERCEPTION VS. REALITY

D E V E LO P E D VS. D E V E LO P I N G C O U N T R I E S GETTING IT WRONG ON REFUGEES.. .AGAIN

20Q42B: What proportion of displaced people currently being hosted by developing countries?

T H E P U B L I C W RO N G LY A S S U M E S T H AT M O S T D I S P L AC E D P E O P L E A R E H O S T E D

B Y D E V E LO P E D C O U N T R I E S LO C AT E D I N E U RO P E A N D N O RT H A M E R I C A

BUT

2018 Total respondents across 12 countries=10844

of displaced people find refuge in developing

countries

of people don’t know or underestimate this

proportion

84% 97%

Source: UNHCR, http://www.unhcr.org/5943e8a34

21Q50: How much do you agree or disagree with the following statements?

H A L F F E E L C OV E R AG E O F T H E G LO B A L R E F U G E E C R I S I S I S F O C U S E D O N

D E V E LO P E D C O U N T R I E S


Coverage about the global refugee crisis focuses on the consequences in developed countries as opposed

to developing ones

52%A G R E E

68% 66%61%

54% 54% 54%50% 49%

47% 46% 46%42%

LEB

AN

ON

KEN

YA

AR

GEN

TIN

A

TUR

KEY

FRA

NC

E

RU

SSIA

AR

MEN

IA

GER

MA

NY

IRA

N

UK

USA

JAPA

N


M O R E O F T H E S A M E W H E N I T C O M E S TO COVERAGE OF THE GLOBAL REFUGEE CRISIS


64% 63% 60% 58% 58% 57% 56%52% 50%

46% 45%42%

64% 62% 62% 60% 59% 57%53%

48% 48% 47% 47%

33%

LEB

AN

ON

KE

NYA

AR

GE

NT

INA

TU

RK

EY

FR

AN

CE

RU

SSIA

AR

ME

NIA

GE

RM

AN

Y

IRA

N

UK

USA

JAPA

N

LEB

AN

ON

KE

NYA

AR

GE

NT

INA

TU

RK

EY

FR

AN

CE

RU

SSIA

AR

ME

NIA

GE

RM

AN

Y

IRA

N

UK

USA

JAPA

N

54%

I feel like I always read/hear the same stories about the global refugee crisis

AGREE

54%AGREE

News coverage about the global refugee crisis is always about the same countries

23

LONG TERM CRISES THAT HAVE RECIEVED A LOT OF MEDIA ATTENTION

ARE MOST WELL-KNOWN

Q33: How much do you know about the following humanitarian issues?

Especially in neighboring countries or countries directly affected

MOST WELL-KNOWN IN…


79% 73% 70% 61%Civil war in Syria Refugee crisis in Europe War in Afghanistan Internal violence in Iraq

Turkey97%

Germany93%

USA81%

Turkey86%

Lebanon94%

Turkey83%

Turkey81%

Lebanon70%

Russia87%

France83%

Iran80%

Iran70%

Iran85%

UK81%

UK77%

Kenya68%

2011 2015 2001 2014 (2003)

STARTDATE

24Q33: How much do you know about the following humanitarian issues?

W H I L E OT H E R C R I S E S A R E N OT W E L L K N O W N D E S P I T E H AV I N G A T R E M E N D O U S

I M PAC T O N H U M A N L I V E S


Percentage of people who have not heard and do not know anything about the following humanitarian issues

LEAST WELL-KNOWN IN…

40% 32% 25% 24%Persecution of the

Rohingya in MyanmarConflict and famine

in the D.R. CongoConflict and famine

in South SudanConflict and famine

in Yemen

Armenia72%

Armenia55%

Russia42%

Armenia43%

Russia63%

Iran49%

Armenia41%

Russia39%

Argentina62%

Lebanon43%

Argentina38%

Argentina37%

2017 2013 2013 2015

STARTDATE

25

T H E L E S S W E L L K N O W N C R I S E S

M YA N M A R“Over 6 4 7 , 0 0 0 refugees have fled to Bangladesh since 25 August 2017”

Source: UNHCR

D. R . C O N G O“Violence in DRC’s Kasaï region caused 1 MILLION IDPs and 35,000 refugees (2017/2018)”

Source: OCHA

S O U T H S U DA N“Projections for February-April 2018: 6.3 MLN people in “crisis,” “emergency” or “catastrophe”

Source: UN News

Y E M E N“With more than 17 MILLION – 2 in 3 people – not knowing where their next meal will come from, Yemen is the world’s largest humanitarian crisis’’

Source: AMNESTY International

http://www.unhcr.org/

https://www.unocha.org/

https://news.un.org/en/

https://www.amnesty.org/en/

26

44%

31% 31% 30%27% 26% 25%

13% 12% 12% 11% 10%

Turkey France Argentina Germany Kenya USA UK Russia Lebanon Iran Armenia Japan

46%48%

38%34% 36% 34%

27%

33%

18% 17%

22%

28%

47% 47%45%

42% 40%38%

30% 30%

18%

13%

29%31%

Argentina Turkey Germany USA France UK Lebanon Russia Japan Iran Armenia Kenya

Q1: In your opinion, which of the following are the most pressing, global humanitarian challenges facing humanity right now?

C H I L D R E N A N D W O M E N H AV E B E C O M E H U M A N I TA R I A N C O L L AT E R A L DA M AG E


PROTECTION OF CHILDREN AND WOMEN VIEWED AS LESS PRESSING ISSUES

Percentage of people who think the following are some of the most pressing

global humanitarian challenges

36%Protectionof children

24%Protectionof women

2017 2018

2018

27

31%51%

Total world population made up of children

Total refugee populationmade up of children

CHILDREN AT TREMENDOUS RISK IN THE GLOBAL REFUGEE CRISIS, BUT PEOPLE

DON’T RECOGNIZE THE FACTS

Q43: According to you, what do you think is the proportion of refugees who are: Children (boys and girls under the age of 18), Males, Female 300. 2018 total respondents across 12 countries=10844.

R E A L I T Y

P E RC E P T I O N

32% Children under the age of 18

PROPORTION OF REFUGEES

WHO ARE:68%Adults

(Men + Women)

Source: UNHCR Global Trends Report

According to the 2018 Humanitarian Index

28Q42: Below are some questions about the scale of the humanitarian challenges the world is faced with today. Please select the figures you think are correct: Globally, what proportion of displaced people are currently children?

8 IN 10 PEOPLE DO NOT KNOW WHAT PROPORTION OF DISPLACED PEOPLE

ARE CHILDREN


77%

of people don’t know or underestimate the proportion of children who

are displaced

29

H O W E V E R , C H I L D R E N ’ S P L I G H T I S A C ATA LY S T F O R AC T I O N

Q46: Which of the below would make you feel more responsible to act towards a humanitarian issue?


Knowing that it affects children would make people feel more responsible to act towards a humanitarian issue

69% 69%

60% 59% 59%

49% 48% 48% 47%43% 42%

31%

LEB

AN

ON

KEN

YA

AR

GEN

TIN

A

TUR

KEY

FRA

NC

E

RU

SSIA

AR

MEN

IA

GER

MA

NY

IRA

N

UK

USA

JAPA

N

51%A G R E E

10

PUBLIC OPINION DIVIDED

ON WELCOMING REFUGEES

‘‘We need a new paradigm for humanitarian response that moves away from emergency aid and instead focuses on self-reliance and the conditions that make it possible. We must also expand legal pathways for safe migration to protect the lives of those in the most perilous situations. This will take imagination, ingenuity, and new partnerships.’’

Sasha ChanoffFounder and Executive Director

RefugePoint

KEY FINDING

30

31Q31: How much do the following statements describe how you feel about refugees and the global refugee crisis?

R E F U G E E S D E S E R V E M O R E H E L P T H A N T H E Y A R E C U R R E N T LY G E T T I N G


78%71%

66%60%

55% 54% 52%47%

41%

33% 33%28%

LEB

AN

ON

KEN

YA

AR

GEN

TIN

A

TUR

KEY

FRA

NC

E

RU

SSIA

AR

MEN

IA

GER

MA

NY

IRA

N

UK

USA

JAPA

N

48%A G R E E

We should be doing more in my country to help refugeesK

ENYA

LEB

AN

ON

AR

GEN

TIN

A

TUR

KEY

FRA

NC

E

RU

SSIA

AR

MEN

IA

GER

MA

NY

IRA

N

UK

USA

JAPA

N

78%

68% 66%

50% 50% 49%45% 44%

41% 39%33%

29%

47%A G R E E

P E O P L E WA N T T H E I R C O U N T R I E S T O D O M O R E T O H E L P R E F U G E E S

31


Q31: How much do the following statements describe how you feel about refugees and the global refugee crisis?

33Q31: How much do the following statements describe how you feel about refugees and the global refugee crisis?2017 total respondents across 12 countries = 6,466. 2018 total respondents across 12 countries=10844

W H I L E H A L F T H I N K T H AT T H E I R C O U N T R Y HAS ALREADY TAKEN TOO MANY REFUGEES.. .

My country has already taken on too many refugees

Lebanon 89% 91%

Germany 52% 60%

Iran 54% 63%

HIGHESTLebanon 91%

Turkey 82%

LOWESTJapan 9%Armenia 33%

HIGHESTArgentina 52%

Armenia 49%

LOWESTRussia 16%Germany 20%

UK Brexitcontext

USA

27% 38%

Trumpcontext 36% 44%

2017 2018

2017 2018

47%A G R E E

35%A G R E E

O N LY

. . . ONLY 35% FEEL BAD THAT THEIR COUNTRY HAS NOT DONE MORE

I feel bad that my country has not done more to help refugees

34

L O W E S TTurkey 16%Russia 12%

32% 54%

21% 38%

22% 42%

Russia 38% 49%

Lebanon 42% 53%

France 53% 43%

UK 55% 49%

49% 12%

45% 16%

30% 42%

46% 52%

Russia

Turkey

UK

USA

Russia

Turkey

Iran

H I G H E S TUSA 52% UK 42%

H I G H E S TTurkey 55% Lebanon 53%

L O W E S TArgentina 24% Armenia 21%

L O W E S TJapan 34%USA 32%

H I G H E S TRussia 54% Armenia 48%

2017 2018 2017 2018 2017 2018

Q31: How much do the following statements describe how you feel about refugees and the global refugee crisis?2017 total respondents across 12 countries = 6,466. 2018 total respondents across 12 countries=10844

THERE IS A RISE IN NATIONALISTIC SENTIMENT WITH PEOPLE THINKING REFUGEES POSE

A THREAT TO THEIR CULTURE

41%A G R E E

30%A G R E E

40%A G R E E

ONLY WHEREAS

My country is made a better place to live in by people from other countries coming to live here

These days, I am afraid that my country’s culture is threatened

by ethnic minorities

It is better for a country if almost everyone shares the same customs

and traditions

35Q41: How much do the following statements describe how you feel about refugees and the global refugee crisis?2018 total respondents across 12 countries=10844

OVERALL , PEOPLE DO NOT RECOGNIZE / KNOW THE TRUE VALUE THAT REFUGEES CAN BRING

TO THEIR COUNTRY AND THE ECONOMY

L O W E S TTurkey 23%Russia 24%

H I G H E S TTurkey 69%

Lebanon 82%

L O W E S TJapan 48%Armenia 37%

H I G H E S TArmenia 67%

Kenya 59%

L O W E S TKenya 19% Japan 21%

H I G H E S TRussia 81%

Lebanon 78%

39%A G R E E

40%A G R E E

60%A G R E E

ONLY AND

Refugees bring new entrepreneurial and economic

skills to the economy and society

People who come to live here generally take jobs away from

workers in my country

By arriving in my country refugees put an additional strain on the

welfare system

REALITY: This year FORBES highlighted the successes of immigrants on The FORBES 400, who have built some of the biggest American companies and are living testaments to the fact that the American dream is alive and well. More than 10% of the 400 came to the USA from 21 countries, including 6 from Israel, 5 from India, and 4 from both Hungary and Taiwan.

36

AS A RESULT, PEOPLE TEND TO THINK THAT MIGRANTS SHOULD NOT BE SETTLING

DOWN IN THEIR COUNTRIES BUT HELPED TO RETURN HOME INSTEAD

HIGHESTKenya 90%

Lebanon 90%

LOWESTJapan 69%USA 64%

UK Brexitcontext

37% 47%

2017 2018

L O W E S TLebanon 20%Turkey 19%

H I G H E S TUSA 61%

Kenya 51%

40%A G R E E

76%A G R E E

Legally established immigrants should be able to become citizens of my country easily

Refugees should be helped to return to their countries once conflicts are over

Q41: How much do the following statements describe how you feel about refugees and the global refugee crisis?2018 total respondents across 12 countries=10844

SORTING OUT THE ISSUE IS A JOINT

EFFORT FOR THE INTERNATIONAL

COMMUNITY

‘‘It is the lack of responsible leadership that is amplifying the public’s sense of crisis, because there are so many political leaders who use the language of crisis but don’t give a sense of manageability around the issue of refugee displacement. It is crucial that political leaders portray the manageability of refugee flows, rather than merely presenting it as a crisis. That is the message that we need to change.’’

Sara PantulianoManaging Director

Overseas Development Institute

KEY FINDING

37

38Q35: How capable do you think the following groups are to provide humanitarian aid for the global refugee crisis?

Q36: How responsible do you think the following groups are to provide funding to address the global refugee crisis? Q37: How much do you trust the following groups to provide the right level/type of humanitarian aid to help address the global refugee crisis?

THE INTERNATIONAL COMMUNITY IS SEEN AS BEST PLACED TO HELP ADDRESS THE GLOBAL

REFUGEE CRISIS

BUT, GOVERNMENTS AND INSTITUTIONS ARE FACED WITH A TRUST GAP WHEN

IT COMES TO GIVING THE RIGHT LEVEL

OF SUPPORT TO HELP ADDRESS THE CRISIS

Trusted to provide the right level/type of humanitarian aid to help address the global refugee crisis

Capable to provide humanitarian aid for the global refugee crisis

Responsible to provide funding to address the global refugee crisis

79%

78%

82%

65%

67%

70%

59%

60%

36%

66%

51%

42%

30%

83%

67%

78%

57%

64%

74%

61%

62%

34%

63%

51%

46%

59%

50%

48%

44%

41%

39%

35%

35%

33%

30%

28%

25%

23%

15%

Internationalcommunity

International not-for-profit

organizations

Developedcountries

Local/grassrootnot-for-profitorganizations

Countries to whichrefugees flee

Regionalorganization of

countries

My government

Faith-basedorganizations

Individual peoplelike me

Multinationalbusinesses/

corporations

The media

Developingcountries

Countries fromwhich refugees flee 2018 total respondents across 12 countries=10844

39

R E P R E S E N TAT I V E S F RO M I N T E R N AT I O N A L ORGANIZATIONS ARE RE-GAINING GROUND WHEN IT COMES TO HAVING THE CAPABILITY

TO ADDRESS THE REFUGEE CRISIS

Q22: Which of the following leaders have the capabilities to do the most to address the refugee crisis?

Top 10 leaders who have capability to address the refugee crisis

14%

15%

15%

16%

18%

18%

22%

24%

30%

33%

Jean-Claude Juncker (EU)

Bashar al-Assad (Syria)

Theresa May (UK)

Pope Francis

Justin Trudeau (Canada)

François Hollande (France)

Antonio Guterres (UN General Secretary)

Donald Trump (USA)

Vladimir Putin (Russia)

Angela Merkel (Germany)

23%

25%

25%

30%

31%

31%

31%

35%

40%

46%

Jean-Claude Juncker (President of the European Commission)

Theresa May (UK)

Filippo Grandi (UN HighCommissioner for Refugees)

Emmanuel Macron (France)

Antonio Guterres (UNSecretary General)

Pope Francis

Vladimir Putin (Russia)

Donald Trump (USA)

Angela Merkel (Germany)

Zeid Ra'ad Al Hussein (United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights)

2017 2018

2017 total respondents across 12 countries = 6,466. 2018 total respondents across 12 countries=10844

40Q22: Which of the following leaders have the capabilities to do the most to address the refugee crisis?

THIS IS ALSO TRUE AT THE COUNTRY LEVEL WITH ANGELA MERKEL AND UN / EU REPRESENTATIVES

RANKING HIGH ACROSS COUNTRIES

Donald Trump(47%)

Donald Trump(40%)

Angela Merkel(45%)

Angela Merkel(53%)

Angela Merkel(46%)

Angela Merkel(44%)

Justin Trudeau(29%)

Angela Merkel(40%)

Emmanuel Macron (41%)

Donald Trump(43%)

Donald Trump(28%)

Antonio Guterres (41%)

Pope Francis(29%)

Theresa May(39%)

Filippo Grandi(28%)

Emmanuel Macron (40%)

Justin Trudeau(27%)

Federica Mogherini (37%)

USA UK France Germany Lebanon Iran

1st

2nd

3rd

Argentina Japan Kenya Armenia Russia Turkey

1st

2nd

3rd

Pope Francis(54%)

Angela Merkel(29%)

Donald Trump(55%)

Angela Merkel(65%)

Vladimir Putin(59%)

Recep Erdogan(59%)

Angela Merkel(47%)

Donald Trump(27%)

Filippo Grandi(52%)

Vladimir Putin(56%)

Angela Merkel(57%)

Donald Trump(48%)

Donald Trump(42%)



Donald Trump(55%)

Donald Trump(40%)

Angela Merkel(46%)

Country leader UN/EU/International


41

IN ADDITION TO MULTINATIONAL BUSINESSES, B U S I N E S S L E A D E R S A R E V I E W E D

A S K E Y P L AY E R S TO H E L P M A N AG E T H E G LO B A L R E F U G E E C R I S I S

Q35: How capable do you think the following groups are to provide humanitarian aid for the global refugee crisis? Q36. How responsible do you think the following groups are to provide funding to address the global refugee crisis?

Q38. Which of the following business leaders have the capabilities to do the most to address the refugee crisis?

Business leaders most capable of addressing the global refugee crisis

Bill GatesCo-Founder, Microsoft

41%Mark Zuckerberg

Co-Founder, Facebook

35%Tim Cook CEO, Apple

27%Sergey Brin

Co-Founder, Google

25%Jeff Bezos

Founder, Amazon

24%Elon Musk

CEO, Tesla and SpaceX

17%

66% 63%

Multinational businesses / corporations

Capable of providing humanitarian aid for the

global refugee crisis

Responsible to provide funding to address

the global refugee crisis


42Q22: Which of the following leaders have the capabilities to do the most to address the refugee crisis? Q38. Which of the following business leaders have the capabilities to do the most to address the refugee crisis?

BUSINESS LEADERS HAVE A CLEAR MANDATE TO ACT, SEEN AS EQUALLY CAPABLE OF

ADDRESSING THE REFUGEE CRISIS

Donald Trump(47%)

Donald Trump(40%)

Angela Merkel(45%)

Angela Merkel(53%)

Angela Merkel(46%)

Angela Merkel(44%)

Justin Trudeau

(29%)

Angela Merkel(40%)

Emmanuel Macron

(41%)

Donald Trump(43%)

Donald Trump(28%)

Antonio Guterres

(41%)

Pope Francis(54%)

Angela Merkel(29%)

Donald Trump(55%)

Angela Merkel(65%)

Vladimir Putin(59%)

Recep Erdogan

(59%)

Angela Merkel(47%)

Donald Trump(27%)

Filippo Grandi(52%)

Vladimir Putin(56%)

Angela Merkel(57%)

Donald Trump(48%)

USA UK France Germany Lebanon Iran Argentina Japan Kenya Armenia Russia Turkey

Bill Gates(46%)

Bill Gates(37%)

Bill Gates(34%)

Bill Gates(41%)

Bill Gates(35%)

Bill Gates(45%)

Mark Zuckerberg

(40%)

Mark Zuckerberg

(32%)

Mark Zuckerberg

(30%)

Mark Zuckerberg

(38%)

Mark Zuckerberg

(30%)

Mark Zuckerberg

(33%)

Bill Gates(54%)

Bill Gates(36%)

Mark Zuckerberg

(66%)

Mark Zuckerberg

(41%)

Bill Gates(33%)

Bill Gates(47%)

Mark Zuckerberg

(48%)

Mark Zuckerberg

(17%)

Bill Gates(62%)

Bill Gates(40%)

Mark

(24%)

Mark

(43%)

USA UK France Germany Lebanon Iran Argentina Japan Kenya Armenia Russia Turkey

Zuckerberg Zuckerberg

TOP 2 POLITICAL LEADERS

TOP 2 BUSINESS LEADERS


NGOS AS FACILITATORS

OF GLOBAL COOPERATION

‘‘The Aurora Humanitarian Index allows us to gain insights with regard to attitudes towards humanitarian issues around the world. One of the major strengths of this survey is to show the mismatch between perceptions and reality on a number of challenging topics.

Willingness to help, however, increases if people know it affects children, think they can make a difference and know it might one day happen to them. NGOs might wish to take these insights on board when doing advocacy work and developing fund raising campaigns.’’

Dirk JacobsFull Professor in Sociology

Université libre de Bruxelles

KEY FINDING

43


P E O P L E R E C O G N I Z E T H E P O S I T I V E I M PAC T NGOS HAVE ON THE WORLD’S HUMANITARIAN

CHALLENGES


agree that many of the world’s humanitarian challenges would be worse if it were not for the efforts of NGOs

KEN

YA

LEB

AN

ON

AR

GEN

TIN

A

TUR

KEY

FRA

NC

E

RU

SSIA

AR

MEN

IA

GER

MA

NY

IRA

N

UK

USA

JAPA

N

85%

72% 71% 70% 68% 68% 67%63% 62% 61%

56% 56%

65%

45

50%

48%

44%

41%

39%

35%

35%

33%

30%

28%

25%

23%

15%

International community

International not-for-profit organizations

Developed countries

Local/grassroot not-for-profit organizations

Countries to which refugees flee

Regional organization of countries

My government

Faith-based organizations

Individual people like me

Multinational businesses/ corporations

The media

Developing countries

Countries from which refugees flee

LEVEL OF TRUST IN INSTITUTIONS TO PROVIDE RIGHT LEVEL / TYPE OF

HUMANITARIAN AID TO HELP ADDRESS THE GLOBAL REFUGEE CRISIS

Q37: How much do you trust the following groups to provide the right level/type of humanitarian aid to help address the global refugee crisis? 2018 total respondents across 12 countries=10844

46Q39: Who do you think is best placed to do the following? (Local/grassroot NGOs are more effective than international NGOs; local/grassroot NGOs are less effective than international NGOs; local/grassroot NGOs and international NGOs are as effective)


I N T E R N AT I O N A L A N D LO C A L N G O S A R E R E C O G N I Z E D F O R T H E I R

K E Y S T R E N G T H S

15%

18%

21%

21%

21%

24%

28%

27%

36%

38%

40%

33%

39%

41%

36%

37%

43%

36%

39%

39%

40%

35%

52%

43%

38%

43%

42%

33%

36%

34%

25%

22%

25%

Influence the international community

Put into action long term solutionsto a refugee crisis

Raise funds to help address a refugee crisis

Get politicians to allow humanitarianaid across borders without opposition

Convince leaders to act independentlyfrom political interests

Raise awareness of a refugee crisis

Identify people/countries most in need

Make best use of funding to solvea refugee crisis

Make a real difference to thosewho need it most

Help people most in need

Take an active role on the groundfor refugees

Local / grassroot NGOs are less effective than international NGOs

Local / grassroot NGOs are more effective than international NGOs

Local / grassroot NGOs and international NGOs are as effective

LOCAL NGOs are more

effective at

International

NGOs are more

effective at

47Q40: How much do you agree or disagree with the following statements? 2018 total respondents across 12 countries=10844

PARTNERSHIPS ARE CRITICAL

agree that for NGOs to havea real impact, they need to cooperate with local people

on the ground

agree that that NGOs and governments should work together to avoid the forced migration crisis

from taking place

agree that international organizations (e.g. United Nations)

should empower local, on the ground humanitarian actions

agree that NGOs can make a real difference if they

receive the right support from governments

76% 74%

73% 71%

48

NGOS SHOULD BE INDEPENDENT AND ACCOUNTABLE

NGOs should be held accountable and

transparent about what they use funding for

NGOs need to work independently from

political interests

NGOs’ efforts are hampered by government bureaucracy

75% 73%

59%

Q40: How much do you agree or disagree with the following statements? 2018 total respondents across 12 countries=10844

PEOPLE FEEL COMPELLED

TO HELP AND WANT TO KNOW

HOW DONATIONS ARE BEING USED

‘‘Sometimes as a crisis peaks, you will see some action. But then, it’s very short term, and exhausted in two-three days or two-three weeks. These enthusiastic emotional responses just can’t be sustained; they need to be translated to long-term policies which a government reports to its citiznes; this never happens, frankly.’’

Alla Bakunts Democratic Governance Portfolio Analyst

United Nations Development Programme in Armenia

KEY FINDING

49

50Q27: Have you done any of those in the past? Have done it in the past 3 years.Q28: How likely are you to take the following actions to help manage or address the refugee crisis in the next 12 months?

P E O P L E F E E L M O R E C O M P E L L E D TO H E L P O U T– Y E A R O N Y E A R M O R E H AV E D O N AT E D O R A R E W I L L I N G TO D O N AT E I N F U T U R E

2017 total respondents across 12 countries = 6,466. 2018 total respondents across 12 countries=10,844

2017 2018

Have done at least once in the past 3 years Would do this

42%

49%

64%

77%

29%

36%

47%

64%

Donateregularly

Raise moneyor take part in

fundraising activity (e.g. sponsored run)

One-timedonation

Donating goods(e.g. clothes, food)

25%

23%

43%

51%

12%

13%

24%

35%

51Q28: How likely are you to take the following actions to help manage or address the refugee crisis in the next 12 months?

LIKELIHOOD TO DONATE BY COUNTRY

One-time donation 64% 69% 64% 48% 52% 73% 66% 67% 77% 65% 48% 72% 83%

Donate regularly 42% 48% 40% 30% 31% 51% 39% 51% 64% 34% 25% 45% 88%

Raise money or take part in fundraising activity (e.g.

sponsored run)49% 53% 43% 42% 29% 52% 53% 66% 70% 38% 38% 49% 91%

Support a charity on social media (e.g. follow,

comment, share)59% 59% 49% 50% 42% 67% 65% 77% 84% 59% 28% 70% 95%

Sign a petition 63% 65% 66% 61% 55% 45% 59% 74% 89% 60% 41% 64% 78%

Attend a protest, meeting or demonstration

31% 33% 27% 31% 25% 28% 37% 43% 45% 26% 9% 36% 37%

Donating goods (e.g. clothes, food)

77% 80% 77% 71% 70% 86% 74% 91% 94% 72% 51% 80% 95%

Offer accommodation or shelter for refugees

29% 30% 19% 23% 20% 45% 37% 49% 40% 14% 8% 42% 73%

Volunteer in areas affected by the refugee crisis

37% 38% 26% 32% 27% 49% 35% 56% 58% 27% 12% 40% 89%

Welcome refugees into your home

23% 27% 21% 17% 10% 24% 43% 42% 37% 10% 6% 23% 69%

LEB

AN

ON

KEN

YA

ARG

ENTI

NA

TURK

EY

FRA

NC

E

RUSS

IA

ARM

ENIA

GER

MA

NY

IRA

N

UK

USA

JAPA

N

TOTA

L


52

PEOPLE’S WILLINGNESS TO HELP IS DRIVEN BY A DESIRE TO HELP POPULATIONS

MOST AT RISK AND M A K E A D I F F E R E N C E

WOULD FEEL MORE

RESPONSIBLE

…they knew it affects children

51%TO ACT TOWARDS A HUMANITARIAN

ISSUE

…they knew they could really make a difference

43%ISSUE IF…

…they knew it

could happen to them any day

(e.g. natural disaster)

40%

Q46: How likely are you to take the following actions to help manage or address the refugee crisis in the next 12 months?


NGOs, with their knowledge of on-the-ground actions could be

the ones telling those stories

53Q45: How much do you agree or disagree with the following statements about donating time, money, clothes etc. to a humanitarian cause?Q46: How likely are you to take the following actions to help manage or address the refugee crisis in the next 12 months?

PRIOR TO DONATING, PEOPLE ARE LOOKING FOR INFORMATION

76% 82% 80% 79% 79% 78% 77% 77% 74% 73% 73% 70% 66%

63%76% 70% 69% 68% 67% 67% 67% 63% 62%

55% 51%43%

39%

53%48%

43% 42% 39% 39% 38% 37% 35% 34%29%

25%

LEBA

NO

N

KEN

YA

ARG

ENTI

NA

TURK

EY

FRA

NC

E

RUSS

IA

ARM

ENIA

GER

MA

NY

IRA

N

UK

USA

JAPA

N

TURK

EY

TURK

EYIR

AN

IRA

N

GER

MA

NY

GER

MA

NY

ARG

ENTI

NA

ARG

ENTI

NA

ARM

ENIA

ARM

ENIA

FRA

NC

E

FRA

NC

E

USA

USA

RUSS

IA

RUSS

IA

UK

UK

LEBA

NO

N

LEBA

NO

N

JAPA

N

JAPA

N

KEN

YA

KEN

YA

TOTA

LTO

TAL

TOTA

LI want to know how my donation is being used

I research how the charity will use my donation

Having reliable information about what is being done on the ground would make me more responsible to act towards a humanitarian issue

2 0 1 8 A U R O R A H U M A N I T A R I A N I N D E X

[email protected]@edelman.com

www.auroraprize.com

www.auroraprizemedia.com

http://www.auroraprize.com

http://www.auroraprizemedia.com

A U R O R A P R I Z E . C O M

Gratitude in Action is the concept that drives the Aurora Humanitarian Initiative. The countless survivors around the world who owe their chance at life to the generosity of others can best acknowledge such benevolence by taking similar action. This is Gratitude in Action. The Aurora Humanitarian Initiative Co-Founders created Aurora as Gratitude in Action, and they want to inspire those who have received aid in a time of crisis to express gratitude by offering similar assistance to someone else. By involving Aurora supporters around the world, this will become a global endeavor that will snowball to expand the circle of saviors and most importantly – the number of those saved.

Documents

2018 AURORA HUMANITARIAN INDEX - auroraprize.com · Myanmar Drought and famine i n o malia Conﬂict an d fa mine in ou th Sudan Dro ght a f th opia Conﬂict and famine in Nigeria