ATS

2017 BOOK OF POSTERPROCEEDINGS

IATS 2017

ISBN: 978-605-82017-0-5

Organized by

19-22 October 2017 / Elazığ, Turkey

8TH INTERNATIONAL ADVANCED TECHNOLOGIES SYMPOSIUM

Supported by

Book of Posters of the 8th International

Advanced Technologies Symposium

(IATS) 2017

Editors

Prof. Dr. Niyazi Özdemir

Prof. Dr. Hikmet Esen

Published, 2017

This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the

material is concerned. Nothing from this publication may be translated, reproduced, stored in a

computerized system or published in any form or in any manner, including, but not limited to

electronic, mechanical, reprographic or photographic, without prior written permission from the

publisher.

www.iats17.firat.edu.tr

iats17firat@gmail.com

The individual contributions in this publication and any liabilities arising from them remain the

responsibility of the authors.

The publisher is not responsible for possible damages, which could be a result of content

derived from this publication.

ISBN: 978-605-82017-0-5

SCIENTIFIC COMMITTEE

Prof. Dr. Abdelkarim Mekki, King Fahd University of Petroleum Minerals

Prof. Dr. Abderrahmane Bairi, University Paris Ouest LTIE-GTE

Prof. Dr. Abdulkadir Şengür, Fırat University

Prof. Dr. Adem Kurt, Gazi University

Prof. Dr. Adrian Briggs, University of London

Prof. Dr. Ahmet Çetin, Bingöl University

Prof. Dr. Ahmet Ziyaettin Sahin, King Fahd University

Prof. Dr. Ahmet Hasçalık, Fırat University

Prof. Dr. Ali Chamkha, Kuwait University

Prof. Dr. Ali Sekmen, Tennessee State University

Prof. Dr. Alireza A. Ardalan, Tehran University

Prof. Dr. Andrew Collop, The University of Nottingham

Prof. Dr. Andrzej Trytek, Rzeszow University of Technology

Prof. Dr. Asaf Varol, Fırat University

Prof. Dr. Attieh Alghamdi, King Abdulaziz University

Prof. Dr. Beşir Dandıl, Fırat University

Prof. Dr. Byeong-Kwon JU, Korea University

Prof. Dr. Cengiz Tatar, Fırat University

Prof. Dr. Cengiz Yıldız, Fırat University

Prof. Dr. Christian Wenger, Innov. for High Performan. Microelectronics

Prof. Dr. Chung Gwıy-Sang, Ulsan University

Prof. Dr. D. S. Patıl, North Maharashtra University

Prof. Dr. Darina Arsova, Institute of Solid State Physics, Sofia

Prof. Dr. Denis Nıka, Moldova University

Prof. Dr. Dursun Özyürek, Karabük University

Prof. Dr. Eiyad Abu-Nada, Hapshemite University

Prof. Dr. F. M. Amanullah, King Saud University

Prof. Dr. Fatih Kurugöllü, Queen's University Belfast

Prof. Dr. Fernando Gutierrez, University Polytechnic of Madrid

Prof. Dr. Ferhat Gül, Gazi University

Prof. Dr. Fumihiko Hırose, Yamagata University

Prof. Dr. Hanbey Hazar, Fırat University

Prof. Dr. Hanifi Güldemir, Fırat University

Prof. Dr. Hasan Efeoğlu, Atatürk University

Prof. Dr. Hüseyin Altun, Fırat University

Prof. Dr. Ikhlas Abdel-Qader, Western Michigan University

Prof. Dr. Ioan Pop, University of Cluj

Prof. Dr. İbrahim Dinçer, University of Ontorio

Prof. Dr. İbrahim Türkoğlu, Fırat University

Prof. Dr. İsmail Fidan, Tennessee Tech University

Prof. Dr. Jay Khodadadi, Auburn University

Prof. Dr. Jingkun XU, Technology Normal University

Prof. Dr. Juan Carlos Martinez-Anton, Complutense University of Madrid

Prof. Dr. Juan Mario Garcıa De Marıa, University of Madrid

Prof. Dr. K.W. Chau, Hong Kong Polytechnic University

Prof. Dr. Khasan S. Karimov, GIK Institute

Prof. Dr. Khanlar Baghırov, Cumhuriyet University

Prof. Dr. M. Hasnaoui, University Cadi Ayyad

Prof. Dr. Majumdar J. Datta, Indian Institute of Tehcnology Kharagpur

Prof. Dr. Marco Antonio Schiavon, Universi. Federal de São João Del Rei

Prof. Dr. Marga Jann, Girne American University

Prof. Dr. Mariam Ali S A Al-Maadeed, Qatar University

Prof. Dr. Mehmet Çiftci, Bingöl University

Prof. Dr. Mehmet Esen, Fırat University

Prof. Dr. Messaoud Saıdanı, Conventry University

Prof. Dr. Moghtada Mobedi, İzmir High Technology Institute

Prof. Dr. Mohamed Bououdına, Univeristy of Bahrain

Prof. Dr. Muhammad Hassan Sayyad, Ghulam Ishaq Khan Institute

Prof. Dr. Mustafa Boz, Karabük University

Prof. Dr. Mustafa Canakci, Kocaeli University

Prof. Dr. Mustafa Kurt, Marmara University

Prof. Dr. Mustafa Taşkın, Mersin University

Prof. Dr. Müjdat Çağlar, Eskişehir Anadolu University

Prof. Dr. Najib Laraqi, University Paris Ouest LTIE-GTE

Prof. Dr. Nizamettin Kahraman, Karabük University

Prof. Dr. Nourah AL Senany, King Abdulaziz University

Prof. Dr. Oğuzhan Keleştemur, Fırat University

Prof. Dr. Orhan Aydın, Karadeniz Technical University

Prof. Dr. Osman Dayan, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University

Prof. Dr. Ömer Keleşoğlu, Fırat University

Prof. Dr. Rachid Bennacer, University of Cergy Pontoise

Prof. Dr. Ramazan Çıtak, Gazi University

Prof. Dr. Ramazan Kaçar, Karabük University

Prof. Dr. Ramazan Köse, Dumlupınar University

Prof. Dr. Ramazan Solmaz, Bingöl University

Prof. Dr. Ramin Yousefı, Islamic Azad University

Prof. Dr. Recep Çalın, Kırıkkale University

Prof. Dr. Ridha Ben Yedder, Université de Québec

Prof. Dr. R. H. Al Orainy, King Abdulaziz University

Prof. Dr. Saad Hamad BINOMRAN, King Saud Univeristy

Prof. Dr. Salih Yazıcıoğlu, Gazi University

Prof. Dr. Sami Ekici, Fırat University

Prof. Dr. Serdar Salman, National Defense University

Prof. Dr. Serdar Osman Yılmaz, Namık Kemal University

Prof. Dr. Sermin Ozan, Fırat University

Prof. Dr. Servet Tuncer, Fırat University

Prof. Dr. Suat Yılmaz, Istanbul University

Prof. Dr. Subhash Chand, National Institute of Technology

Prof. Dr. Süleyman Gündüz, Karabük University

Prof. Dr. Syed Ali Rizwan, National University of Sci.& Tech.,

Prof. Dr. Şahin Albayrak, DAI-Labor, Technische Universitat Berlin

Prof. Dr. Şükrü Karataş, Kahramanmaraş, Sütçü İmam University

Prof. Dr. Şükrü Talaş, Afyon Kocatepe University

Prof. Dr. Tahir I. Khan, University of Bradford

Prof. Dr. Tanmay Basak, Indian Institute of Technology

Prof. Dr. Ufuk Teoman Aksoy, Fırat University

Prof. Dr. Ulvi Şeker, Gazi University

Prof. Dr. Vítor António Ferreira da Costa, Universidade de Aveiro

Prof. Dr. Wazirzada Aslam Farooq, King Saud University

Prof. Dr. Weite Wu, National Chung Hsing University

Prof. Dr. Yasin Varol, Fırat University

Prof. Dr. Yetkin Tatar, Fırat University

Prof. Dr. Yu Bo, China University of Petroleum

Prof. Dr. Yusuf Al-Turkı, King Abdulaziz University

Prof. Dr. Yusuf Öztürk, San Diego State University

Prof. Dr. Zaıtsev, D. D., Moscow State University

Prof. Dr. Zaki Mohamed, Taif University

Prof. Dr. Zeyad A. Alahmed, King Saud University

Prof. Dr. Zoubir Zouaoui, Glyndwr University

Assoc. Prof. Dr. Aykut Çanakçı, Karadeniz Technical University

Assoc. Prof. Dr. Bilal Alataş, Firat University

Assoc. Prof. Dr. Canan Aksu Canbay, Fırat University

Assoc. Prof. Dr. Cebeli Özek, Fırat University

Assoc. Prof. Dr. Cengiz Öner, Fırat University

Assoc. Prof. Dr. Çetin Özay, Fırat University

Assoc. Prof. Dr. Cihan Varol, Sam Houston State University

Assoc. Prof. Dr. Erkan Tanyıldızı, Fırat University

Assoc. Prof. Dr. Erol Kılıçkap, Dicle University

Assoc. Prof. Dr. Filiz Özgen, Fırat University

Assoc. Prof. Dr. Hakan Ateş, Gazi University

Assoc. Prof. Dr. Hülya Durmuş, Celal Bayar University

Assoc. Prof. Dr. İnanç Özgen, Fırat University

Assoc. Prof. Dr. Mehmet Ünsal, Sütçü İmam University

Assoc. Prof. Dr. Melik Çetin, Karabük, University

Assoc. Prof. Dr. Murat Yavuz Solmaz, Fırat University

Assoc. Prof. Dr. Oğuz Yakut, Fırat University

Assoc. Prof. Dr. Ömer Kaygılı, Fırat University

Assoc. Prof. Dr. Ömür Aydoğmuş, Fırat University

Assoc. Prof. Dr. Özlem Pelin Can, Cumhuriyet University

Assoc. Prof. Dr. Serkan Islak, Kastamonu University

Assoc. Prof. Dr. Tülay Yıldız, Fırat University

Assoc. Prof. Dr. Uğur Özsaraç, Sakarya University

Assoc. Prof. Dr. Yahya Hışman Çelik, Batman University

Assoc. Prof. Dr. Yüksel Esen, Fırat University

Asst. Prof. Dr. D. Koray Karabulut, Cumhuriyet University

Asst. Prof. Dr. Aydın Dikici, Fırat University

Asst. Prof. Dr. Ayça Gülten, Fırat University

Asst. Prof. Dr. D. Engin Alnak, Cumhuriyet University

Asst. Prof. Dr. Deepika Garg, GD Goenka University

Asst. Prof. Dr. Emre Turgut, Fırat University

Asst. Prof. Dr. Engin Ünal, Fırat University

Asst. Prof. Dr. Erkan Bahçe, İnönü University

Asst. Prof. Dr. Ferit Ak, Munzur University

Asst. Prof. Dr. Gonca Özmen Koca, Fırat University

Asst. Prof. Dr. İlker Temizer, Cumhuriyet University

Asst. Prof. Dr. İsmail Uzun, Süleyman Demirel University

Asst. Prof. Dr. Murat Karabatak, Fırat University

Asst. Prof. Dr. Müzeyyen Bulut Özek, Fırat University

Asst. Prof. Dr. Onur Özsolak, Cumhuriyet University

Asst. Prof. Dr. Şengül Doğan, Fırat University

Asst. Prof. Dr. Tahsin Yüksel, Cumhuriyet University

Asst. Prof. Dr. Yakup Say, Fırat University

ORGANIZATION COMMITTEE

Chairman of the Symposium

• Prof. Dr. Niyazi Özdemir – Fırat University

Co-Chairman of the Symposium

• Prof. Dr. Hikmet Esen – Fırat University

Secretary

• Res. Asst. Abdullah Kapıcıoğlu

• PhD. Student Fehmi Aslan

Layout Secretary

• Res. Asst. Sercan Gülce Güngör

• Res. Asst. Cihangir Kale

• Res. Asst. Fatih Ünal

Members of the Committee

• Prof. Dr. H. Serdar Yücesu, Gazi University

• Prof. Dr. Z. Hakan Akpolat, Fırat University

• Prof. Dr. Veli Çelik, Kırıkkale University

• Prof. Dr. Messaoud Saidani, Coventry University

• Prof. Dr. Galip Cansever, Yıldız Technical University

• Prof. Dr. Tahir Khan, Bradford University

• Prof. Dr. Abulfet Pelengov, Azerbaijan State Pedagogical University

• Prof. Dr. Vasfi Hasırcı, Middle East Technical University

• Prof. Dr. Kemal Leblebicioğlu, Middle East Technical University

• Prof. Dr. Fahrettin Yakuphanoğlu, Fırat University

• Prof. Dr. Niyazi Bulut, Fırat University

• Prof. Dr. Hakan F. Öztop, Fırat University

• Prof. Dr. Engin Avcı, Fırat University

• Prof. Dr. Mehmet Eroğlu, Fırat University

• Prof. Dr. Oğuzhan Keleştemur, Fırat University

• Prof. Dr. Bahar Demirel, Fırat University

• Prof. Dr. Ahmet Koca, Fırat University

• Prof. Dr. Harun Tanyıldızı, Fırat University

• Assoc. Prof. Dr. Ayhan Orhan, Fırat University

• Assoc. Prof. Dr. Ulaş Çaydaş, Fırat University

• Assoc. Prof. Dr. Resul Çöteli, Fırat University

• Assoc. Prof. Dr. Muhammed Karaton, Fırat University

• Assoc. Prof. Dr. Ibrahim Can, Cumhuriyet University

• Assoc. Prof. Dr. Uğur Çalıgülü, Fırat University

• Assoc. Prof. Dr. Ali Kaya Gür, Fırat University

• Assoc. Prof. Dr. Asım Balbay, Siirt University

• Assoc. Prof. Dr. Kadir Turan, Dicle University

• Assoc. Prof. Dr. Murat Karabatak, Fırat University

• Asst. Prof. Dr. Mustafa Ulaş, Fırat University

• Asst. Prof. Dr. Salwa Boudila, Research and Technology Center of Energy

• Asst. Prof. Dr. Yeşim Müge Şahin, Arel University

• Asst. Prof. Dr. Göksel Durkaya, Atılım University

• Asst. Prof. Dr. Gülüzar Tuna Keleştemur, Fırat University

• Asst. Prof. Dr. Aytuğ Boyacı, Fırat University

• Asst. Prof. Dr. Faruk Karaca, Fırat University

• Asst. Prof. Dr. Serdar Mercan, Cumhuriyet University

• Asst. Prof. Dr. Zülküf Balalan, Bingol University

• Asst. Prof. Dr. Venhar Çelik Özgen, Fırat University

• Dr. Ebru Cavlak Aslan, Fırat University

• Dr. Mert Gürtürk, Fırat University

• Dr. Nida Katı, Fırat University

• Nurettin Çek, Fırat University

Welcome to IATS 2017

It is a pleasure for us to offer you Poster Book for the 8th International Advanced

Technologies Symposium IATS’17. Our goal was to create a scientific platform that introduces

the newest results on internationally recognized experts to local students and colleagues and

simultaneously displays relevant Turkish achievements to the world. The positive feedback of

the community encouraged us to proceed and transform a single event into a symposium series.

Now, IATS’17 is honored by the presence of over 600 colleagues from various countries. We

stayed true to the original IATS’17 concept and accepted contributions from all fields of

innovative and advanced technologies to promote multidisciplinary discussions. The focal

points of the symposium emerged spontaneously from the submitted abstracts: energy

applications, advanced materials, electronic and optoelectronic devices. Our warmest thanks go

to all invited speakers, authors, and contributors of IATS’17 for accepting our invitation. We

hope that you will enjoy the symposium and look forward to meeting you again in one of the

forthcoming IATS’18 event.

Best regards,

Chairman of Symposium

Prof. Dr. Niyazi Özdemir

Poster Lists

ID Number- NAME OF ARTICLE (Author (s))…………………..………..Page Number

56- INVESTIGATION ON MECHANICAL, PHYSICAL AND MORPHOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF POLYPROPYLENE/RED

MUD POLYMER COMPOSITES (M. Tasdemir)………………………………………………………………….………………………01

68- EFFECT OF DEHYDRATION TREATMENT ON DISSOLUTION OF ULEXITE IN AMMONIUM SULFATE SOLUTIONS (N.

Demirkıran, M.K. Tanaydın, G.D. Turhan Ozdemir)………………………………………………………………………….………...02

74- PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF PP/GLASS SPHERES POLYMER COMPOSITES (M. Tasdemir, A. Aydin)…….………....03

86- COMPARISON OF THE EFFECTS ON THE ENGINE PERFORMANCE OF DIFFERENT WORKING FLUIDS USING IN

STIRLING ENGINES (D. Erol, H. Yaman, B. Dogan)…………………………………………………………………………………….04

128- TEMPERATURE DEPENDENT INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY OF THE METHOXYMETHYL PEROXY RADICAL (H.

Sleman, N. Bulut)…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….05

146- REDUNDANCY ALLOCATION PROBLEM VIA EXACT OPTIMIZATION (O. Ozer, D. Garg, S. Devi)…………………….06 198- THE EFFECT ON ENGINE PERFORMANCE AND EXHAUST EMISSIONS OF BIODIESEL/ PROPANOL FUEL BLENDS

(D. Simsek, N. Y. Colak)……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..07

213- THERMAL ANALYSIS OF 7-METHOXY-2-ACETYL BENZOFURYL METHYL METHACRYLATE- CO-ACRYLONITRILE

(Z. Ilter, A. Solmaz)…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………08

225- THE EFFECTS OF LYCOPENE ON KIDNEY OXIDATIVE STRESS AND HISTOPATHOLOGICAL CHANGES ON

EXPERIMENTALLY INDUCED HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIA IN RATS (D. Atessahin, O. Erman, K. Servi, A.O. Ceribasi, A.

Atessahin)…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..09

241- A MORPHOLOGICAL INVESTIGATION OF MG/NI CO-DOPED HYDROXYAPATITES (O. Kaygili, C. Tatar, N. Bulut, T.

Ince)………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….10

244- THE EFFECTS OF AL/ZN CONTENT ON THE CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF HYDROXYAPATITE (O. Kaygili, C. Tatar,

N. Bulut, D. Bagci, V. Gur)………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..11

277- ELECTRICAL AND STRUCTURAL PROPERTIES OF CU2O THIN FILMS PRODUCED BY SILAR METHOD (G.

Altındemir, O. Erken, D. Ozaslan, M. Gunes, C. Gumus)……………………………………………………………………………12

281- THE EFFECT OF POST DEPOSITION ANNEALING ON THE PROPERTIES OF CU2O THIN FILMS ((D. Ozaslan, O.

Erken, M. Gunes, C. Gumus)……………………………………………………………………………………………………………..13

301- USE OF GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES IN LAND CONSOLIDATION STUDIES: EXAMPLE OF

KIRŞEHIR DULKADIRLI VILLAGE (T. K. Aydın, S. S. Durduran, A. Bozdag, G. Gumus)…………………………………….14

329- FRICTION STIR WELDING OF 6061-T6 ALUMINUM ALLOY (A. Gundogmus, N. Cavusoglu, S. Celik, A. Oral)…........15

357- THE CORROSION PERFORMANCE OF POLY(N-METHYL PYRROLE) FILM SYNTHESIZED ON ZNNIMO ALLOY

COATED COPPER SURFACE (A. T. Ozyilmaz, C. Surmelioglu, I. Filazi, G. Ozyilmaz)………………………………………….16

388- ELECTRIC PRODUCTION WITH EXHAUST GAS TEMPERATURE IN HYBRID VEHICLES (M. Çakmakkaya, N. Çopur,

S. Kıskaç)………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..…..17

407- MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF ALKALI ACTIVATED MORTARS WITH DIFFERENT BINDERS (N. Gulmez, N. U.

Kockal)………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………18

448- DECONTAMINATION OF MEATBALLS WITH SPICES THAT COMMONLY USED (B. Cetin, M. Konak)………………..19

459- BIOACCESSIBILITY OF PHENOLIC COMPOUNDS (M. Konak, Y.Sahan, B. Cetin)………………………………………..20

487- PRODUCTION OF BIOMATERIALS BY POWDER METALLURGY METHODS AND APPLICATIONS (A. Canakci, O.Y

Keskin, S. Ozkaya, M. Celebi)………………………………………………………………………………………………………......21

488- METAL FOAMS PRODUCED BY POWDER METALLURGY METHODS AND APPLICATIONS (A. Canakci, O.Y Keskin,

S. Özkaya, M. Celebi)………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….......22

491- THE INVESTIGATION OF WEAR PERFORMANCE OF FE/B4C/GRAPHENE HYBRID NANOCOMPOSITES (A.

Canakci, K.A. Arpaci, M. Celebi, S. Ozkaya, U. Calıgulu, F. Erdemir)……………………………………………………………..23

498- NANOARCHITECTURE (A. Erol)…………………………………………………………………………………………………..24

500- A DFT CALCULATIONS FOR NAPHTHALENE MOLECULE (H. K. Mahmood, H. Kebiroglu, S. Akpınar, N.

Bulut)………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………...25

510- SELECTIVE DETECTION OF 2,4-DICHLORO PHENOXYACETIC ACID HERBICIDE VIA MOLECULAR IMPRINTED

MAGNETIC CARBON NANOTUBE (A. Zengin, M. U. Badak, N. Aktas)…………………………………………………………….26

515- APPLIED NOVEL TECHNIQUES IN EXTRACTION OF BIOACTIVE COMPOUNDS (B.E. Kocamaz, O. Sagdıc, H.

Sanlıdere Aloglu)…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..27

517- EFFECT ON THE RHEOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF USING HIMALAYAN SALT IN WHITE CHEESE PRODUCTION

(H. Sanlıdere Aloglu, Y. Özcan, S. Karasu)…………………………………………………………………………………………….28

525- INFLUENCE OF DIPPING CYCLES ON OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF CUS THIN FILMS PREPARED BY SILAR

TECHNIQUE (E. Yucel, Y. Yucel)………………………………………………………………………………………………………...29

536- INVESTIGATION OF MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AND ADHESIVE WEAR OF ETIAL 145 ALLOY WITH 5% NICKEL

ADDED AT T6 HEAT TREATMENT (M.Cetin, T. Sunar)……………………………………………………………………………..30

540- EFFECT OF THERMAL FACTORS ON ABRASIVE WEAR BEHAVIOR OF DIE CASTING MOLD MATERIALS (F. Gul,

M. Katmer)…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..31

549- A COST ANALYSIS FOR AMMONIA AS A HYDROGEN CARRIER (M.Y.Aslan, S. Akbayrak, S. Özkar, D. Üner)……..32

605- AN EFFECTIVE CARRIER SYSTEM FOR BIOACTIVE FOOD COMPONENTS: SOLID LIPID NANOPARTICLES (S. Tay,

M. Yilmazcelik)……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………...33

630- DETERMINATION OF BEARING FAILURES USING ARDUINO-MATLAB & SIMULINK SERIAL COMMUNICATION (N.

Akkus, R. Sefil, I. Temiz)…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..34

631- RECYCLING OF SLAG WASTE AS A SUBMERGED ARC WELDING POWDER FOR HARDFACING (M. Kaptanoglu,

M. Eroglu)…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………...35

635- AN INVESTIGATION ON PROCESSING OF TI3SIC2 MAX PHASE MATERIALS FROM BOTTOM TO UP UNDER THE

LABORATORY CONDITIONS: FROM TIC-SI-C POWDERS (A.Atasoy, E. Saka, A. Kosar)……………………………………..36

642- AB INITIO INTERMOLECULAR POTENTIAL ENERGY SURFACES OF H2–NO+ COMPLEX (C. Orek, F. Ozkalayci, N.

Bulut)………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………...37

653- AS A CONDUCTING REDOX POLYMER IN BIOSENSORS: POLYRHODANINE (H. Uluca, G. Ozyilmaz, A.T.

Ozyilmaz)……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………38

660- EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF THE EFFECTS OF WIRE ELECTRICAL DISCHARGE MACHINING

PARAMETERS ON COMPONENT DIAMETER, CYCLICITY AND CYLINDRICITY TOLERANCES (M. Ay)………………….39

668- DRYING AND TEXTURING OF FRESH MEAT AND FISH BY INSTANT CONTROLLED PRESSURE DROP

TECHNOLOGY (R. Gunes, H. Uran, I. Yilmaz)…………………………………………………………………………………………40

703- EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF RUBBER SEAL INTERFERENCE EFFECT ON BALL BEARING

PERFORMANCE (K. Sarigoz)…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….41

707- THERMAL CAPACITY CALCULATION OF HYDROXYAPATITE MOLECULE (Z. Tunc, H. Kebiroglu, O. Kaygili, C.

Tatar, B. Gunduz, N.Bulut)………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..42

712- HYDROGEN MIGRATION STUDY IN NO++H2 REACTION (F. Ozkalayci, C. Orek, N. Bulut)…………………………….43

781- RECTIFYING AND SURFACE ENHANCEMENT OF HIGHLY-CRYSTALLINE NITROPYRIDINECONJUGATED

ANTHRACENE SCHOTTKY JUNCTIONS (E. Karagoz, S. F. Varol, S. Sayin, Z. Merdan, K. Uzun)……………………………44

801-PIEZOELECTRIC MATERIAL COMPONENTS IN AUTOMOTIVE APPLICATIONS (M. Altay, A. Surmen)………………45

825- AN APPLICATION FOR INDUSTRIAL QUALITY CONTROL WITH MACHINE VISION (E. Yigit, M.C. Akuner)…………46

864- INVESTIGATION OF FUSEL OIL AS ALTERNATIVE FUEL IN GASOLINE ENGINES (S. Simsek, B. Ozdalyan)………...47

871-CONSERVATION OF THE HISTORICAL ENVIRONMENT UNDER EARTHQUAKE EFFECT (AYVACIK EXAMPLE) (A. R.

Parsa, A.O. Kurussu)………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..48

873- THE OPTIMIZATION OF FUEL PRODUCTION WITH PYROLYSIS METHOD FROM HAZELNUT SHELLS (I. Mutlu, F.

Aksoy, F. Akbulut, L. Aksoy)……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….49

874- THE FUEL PRODUCTION FROM OPIUM POPPY RESIDUE WITH PYROLYSIS METHOD (I. Mutlu, F. Aksoy, F. Akbulut,

A. Civi)…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………50

920- BIOGENIC AMINE FORMATION IN SEAFOOD (U. Cicek, D. Cabuk, G. Yildirim)………………………………………….....51

921- INNOVATIONS IN SEAFOOD PACKAGING: INTELLIGENT AND ACTIVE PACKAGING (U. Cicek, D. Cabuk, G.

Yildirim)………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..52

948- AN IMAGE PROCESSING ALGORITHM FOR DETECTION OF CRACKS IN CIVIL ENGINEERING MATERIALS UNDER

LOADING TEST (S. Okuyucu, E. Godek)…………………………………………………………………………………………….....53

973- SYSTEMS ENGINEERING OF METU DEFOCUSING BEAMLINE PROJECT (G. K. Baslar, M. B. Demirkoz, A. Avaroglu,

M.S. Aydin, B. Bodur, D. Veske, M. Yigitoglu, S.U. Duran, S. Akcelik, P. Uslu, U. Kilic, E. Ozipek, S. Nigdelioglu, A. Yaksi,

R. Uzel, I. Sahin)………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………54

991- 210PO AND 210PB IN MUSSEL (MYTILUS GALLOPROVINCIALIS) FROM ÇANAKKALE COAST WITH THE RELATED

DOSE ASSESSMENT TO THE COASTAL POPULATION (S. Akzozcan, B. Coskun)…………………………………………….55

999- SURFACE MORPHOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF FE AND CO DOPED ZNO THIN FILMS (B. Coskun)………………….56

1003- AFM ACITVATED TWO DIMENSIONAL SI NANOPARTICLE GAS MODEL (B. Coskun, M.M. Koc)…………………….57

1027- SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF SPONGE-LIKE CHITOSAN BASED NANOSTRUCTURED

ANTIBACTERIAL MATERIALS FOR HEMORRHAGE CONTROL (O. Karal Yilmaz, A. Bal Ozturk, S. Aksu, A. Tas, Z.

Adiguzel, H. Olmez)………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….58

1028- MODELING OF A SERIAL HYBRID VEHICLE WITH HCCI RANGE EXTENDER ENGINE (T. Kocakulak, H.Solmaz,

H.S.Yucesu)…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..59

1035- AGING EFFECTS ON MARTENSITIC TRANSFORMATION TEMPERATURE FOR CUALMN SHAPE MEMORY ALLOYS

(I. Ozkul, K. Aldas, C. Aksu Canbay)…………………………………………………………………………………………………….60

1036- MATHEMATICAL EXPRESSION OF AUSTENITE TEMPERATURE VALUES OF AGING CU BASED SHAPE MEMORY

ALLOY (C. Aksu Canbay, K. Aldas, I. Ozkul)…………………………………………………………………………………………...61

1091- THE GREY-BASED TAGUCHI METHOD: OPTIMIZATION OF THE EFFECTS OF ABRASIVE WATERJET CUTTING

PARAMETERS ON KERF (M. Ay)………………………………………………………………………………………………………..62

1104- SYNTHESIS OF BIOCERAMICS FROM MARINE AND PRODUCTION OF BLACK BRASS REINFORCED

NANOFIBERS BY ELECTROSPINNING METHOD (E.Bulus, Y.M.Sahin, A.Kuralay, B.Bozdogan, E.Dursun,

G.Tosun)………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….....63

1109- REGULATION OF VIOLACEIN PRODUCTION BY SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY AND METABOLIC ENGINEERING

APPROACH (V. C. Ozgen, I. Pocrnja)…………………………………………………………………………………………………...64

1114- HIGH PERFORMANCE CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL FOR ENVIRONMENTAL APPLICATION: ADSORPTION

ISOTHERM OF TETRACYCLINE ANTIBIOTIC (H. Saygili, F. Guzel, G. A. Saygili)……………………………………………….65

1119- MOTORCYCLE TIRE DESIGN AND FEM ANALYSIS (O.Sengul, M.Kurt , B.Mutlu, G Atakok)………………………...66

1177- SYNTHESIS, SPECTROSCOPIC CHARACTERIZATION AND DFT STUDIES OF CU (II)-FUROSEMIDE COMPLEX

(B.I. Ceylan, O. Bolukbasi, A. Yilmaz, B. Ulkuseven)…………………………………………………………………………………68

1222- THE PROJECT OF ULTRA-ACTIVATED METAL POWDERS PRODUCTION FOR 3D METAL PRINTERS (O. Guler,

S.H. Guler, M. Taskin)……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..69

1223- PRODUCTION OF ACTIVATED CARBON FROM PLANT WASTES FOR ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY APPLICATIONS

(O. Guler, S.H. Guler, M. Taskin)…………………………………………………………………………………………………………70

Investigation on Mechanical, Physical and Morphological Properties of Polypropylene/red Mud Polymer Composites

M. Tasdemir1,*

1Department of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Technology, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey

An investigation was carried out on the effects of red mud powder size and ratio on the mechanical and thermal properties of polypropylene /red mud polymer composites. Red mud, in four different concentrations (0, 10, 20 and 30 wt %) and three different powder size (180, 63 and 38 micron) were added to PP to produce composites. The mechanical properties, including the elasticity modulus, tensile strength, % elongation, Izod impact strength and the physical properties including the melt flow index, limit oxygen index, amount of moisture, HDT and Vicat softening point of the composites were investigated. The structure of the composites were investigated by scanning electron microscopy and compared to mechanical, physical and morphological properties as a function of red mud powder content and size.

Keywords: Mechanical properties, polypropylene, powder, red mud, thermal properties.

Acknowledgment: This work has been supported by the Scientific Research Project Program of Marmara University (project no: FEN-C-YLP-131216-0548).

* Corresponding author. Tel.: +90-216-336 5770 / 1855: fax: +90-216-337 8987. E-mail address: munir@marmara.edu.tr (M. Tasdemir).

1

Effect of Dehydration Treatment on Dissolution of Ulexite in Ammonium Sulfate Solutions

N. Demirkıran1, M. K. Tanaydın2, G. D. Turhan Ozdemir3,*

1,3Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Inonu University, Malatya, Turkey 2Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Munzur University, Tunceli, Turkey

Ulexite is commercially one of important boron minerals and it is found in huge quantities in Turkey. Ulexite is generally available together with other borates and it can be used as a raw material in the production of boron compounds. It includes a significant amount of hydration water. When ulexite is dehydrated, it loses some part of hydrate water depending upon applied temperature. A porous solid is obtained in consequence of dehydration treatment, and the material becomes more chemically active. The resulting porous structure allows occurring more readily the reaction between solid and fluid, and the dissolution rate increases.

In this study, the effect of dehydration treatment on dissolution of ulexite in ammonium sulfate solutions was studied. In the experiments, the effects of the dehydration temperature, solution concentration, reaction temperature, solid-to-liquid ratio, and stirring speed on dissolution of ulexite were investigated. It was observed that the reaction rate increased with increasing solution concentration and reaction temperature and with decreasing solid-to-liquid ratio. The highest dissolution rate was obtained with the sample calcined at 150 °C. It was determined that the dissolution kinetics fit to the first order pseudo-homogeneous model. The activation energy of the dissolution process was calculated to be 42 kJ/mol.

Keywords: Ammonium sulfate, dehydration, dissolution, ulexite.

* Corresponding author Tel.: +90-422-377 4761: fax: +90-422-341 0046. E-mail address: gulistan.turhan@inonu.edu.tr (G. D. Turhan Özdemir).

2

Physical Properties of PP/Glass Spheres Polymer Composites

M. Tasdemir1,*, A. Aydın1

1Department of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Technology, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey

An investigation was carried out on the effects of MA-g-PP ratio and UV annealing treatment on the physical properties of polypropylene/glass spheres polymer composites. The annealing UV treatment was carried out at 70 °C for three different holding times: 0, 15 and 30 days. Polypropylene matrix, contributes to ground glass sphere particles in four different material types are handled as 1, 5, 10 and 15 % ratio will be mixed in the extruder. Mixture obtained from the extruder to be granulated and then the granules will be obtained as appropriate standard test sample of the injection molding machine. The effects of MA-g-PP and UV holding time on the some properties, such as LOI, moisture content, HDT, Vicat softening point, wear rate and morphological of PP/GS composites were investigated. MAPP and UV holding time have marginal effects on the physical properties such as moisture content and HDT of the composites. The results showed that, the increased MA-g-PP content and UV holding time caused the HDT and Vicat values to increased, whereas the moisture content showed a decreased as the MA-g-PP content and UV holding time increased. Also, SEM examination will be conducted to evaluate the microstructure of glass sphere particles as well as material distribution in these experiments.

Keywords: Ultraviolet annealing, polypropylene, polymer composites, glass spheres.

Acknowledgement: This work has been supported by the Scientific Research Project Program of Marmara University (project no: FEN-C-YLP- 131216-0548).

* Corresponding author. Tel.: +90-216-336 5770 / 1855: fax: +90-216-337 8987. E-mail address: munir@marmara.edu.tr (M. Tasdemir).

3

Comparison of the Effects on the Engine Performance of Different Working Fluids using in Stirling Engines

D. Erol 1,*, H. Yaman 1, B. Dogan 2

1D Department of Automotive Technology, Kırıkkale University, Kırıkkale, Turkey 2Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kırıkkale University, Kırıkkale, Turkey

Stirling engines are external combustion power production systems that may use any type of heat energy, which are different from internal combustion engines. The heat needed for the working fluid used in such engines is provided non-stop by a specific heat source outside the cylinder. It has been reported in the literature that air, argon, carbon-dioxide, helium, hydrogen and nitrogen have been used as working fluid to ensure that the power that may be obtained from a Stirling engine is higher. In this study, the thermodynamic properties of various working fluids used throughout the historical development of Stirling engines and their effects on engine performance were investigated in detail. It was determined that among the other working fluids used in Stirling engine, hydrogen increase the power and thermal efficiency of the engine with its superior thermodynamic properties provided that the necessary precautions are taken. As a conclusion, it was observed that the gasses that have high heat-transfer capacity, high specific heat, low density, and low viscosity properties should be preferred in order to obtain high efficiency from Stirling engines.

Keywords: Stirling engines, working fluids, working gases, engine design.

* Corresponding author. Tel.: +90-318-357 4242/3026. E-mail address: cderol0@gmail.com (D. Erol).

4

Temperature Dependent Infrared Spectroscopy of the Methoxymethyl Peroxy Radical

H. Sleman 1,*, N. Bulut 1

1Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Firat University, Elazıg, Turkey

The methoxymethyl peroxy radical has been optimized by using an ultra-fine grid in combination of tight molecular bound function to investigate infrared spectroscopy. For all the calculations, a gaussian09 software program were used implementing density function theory. The title molecule was investigated temperature dependent infrared spectroscopy. It was found that the implemented temperatures have a big effect on the infrared spectroscopy which is corresponds to the vibrational modes of molecule

Keywords: Infrared spectroscopy, Methoxymethyl Peroxy.

* Corresponding author. Tel.: +90-424-237 0000/3695 E-mail address: henar1henar@gnmail.com (H. Sleman)).

5

Redundancy Allocation Problem via Exact Optimization

Ö. Özer1,*, D. Garg2, S. Devi2

1Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science and Arts, Kırklareli University, Kırklareli, Turkey 2School of Engineering, G D Goenka University, Sohna, Haryana, India

T Finding global optimal solution of a Pure Integer Nonlinear Program (PINP) with high complexity is a challenge for the researchers. Nowadays, soft computing techniques becomes popular to solve PINP, due to their diversity preserving mechanism, but considering integer bracket for solution, it will add to difficulty level.

Redundancy allocation problem (RAP) considered in this paper is also a PINP. In recent literature a lot of techniques are used to solve RAP. In this paper we solved redundancy allocation exact optimization with integrity condition set. Results of RAP as well as CPU time are also mentioned. Calculations is performed by lingo programming.

Keywords: Exact optimization, redundancy allocation problem, Lingo software, nonlinear

ınteger problem

* Corresponding author. Tel.: +90-424-237 0000/4217: fax: +90-424-236 7064. E-mail address: ozenozer39@gmail.com , ozenozer@klu.edu.tr (Ö. Özer).

6

The Effect on Engine Performance and Exhaust Emissions of Biodiesel / Propanol Fuel Blends

D. Şimşek1,*, N. Y. Çolak2

1,2Department of Motor Vehicles and Transportation Technologies, Technical Sciences Vocational School, Bitlis Eren University, Bitlis, Turkey

In recent years, biodiesel has been the most popular fuel that has attracted the attention of researchers as an alternative to standard diesel fuel. However, biodiesel has several disadvantages. In order to eliminate these disadvantages, studies are being conducted on dual or triple fuel combinations. In this study, propanol alcohol was added to biodiesel at two different rates (10%, 20%) and was tested in a one-cylinder diesel engine. According to the results, engine performance improved when compared with the biodiesel fuel. It was observed in the study that the CO, NOX and smoke emissions were inclined to decrease; however, HC emissions had the trend to increase. It was determined in the study that adding propanol to biodiesel might eliminate some disadvantages and lead to improvements especially in NOX emissions.

Keywords: Diesel engine, propanol, biodiesel, emissions.

* Corresponding author. Tel.: +90-434-222 0097 / 9734: fax: +90-434-222 9101. E-mail address: dsimsek@beu.edu.tr (D. Şimşek).

7

Thermal Analysis of 7-Methoxy-2-Acetyl Benzofuryl Methyl Methacrylate- co-Acrylonitrile

Z. Ilter 1,*, A. Solmaz 2

1Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Firat University, Elazıg, Turkey

Acrylic and methacrylic polymers are known for their optical properties. In the industry a transparent plate, bar, pipe materials and have wide applications in medicine, such as in the construction of. Methacrylate polymers are widely used for a variety of applications such as prostheses, contact lenses, adhesives and coatings. The thermodynamics of poly (7-methoxy-2-acetylbenzofuran methyl methacrylate-co styrene) and poly (2-acetylbenzofuran methacrylate-co-styrene) solvent interactions at different temperatures were examined by inverse gas chromatography. 7-Methoxy-2-Acetyl Benzofuryl Methyl Methacrylate-co-Styrene copolymers were subjected to thermal analysis. In this study, copolymers were synthesized in Fırat University Chemistry Laboratory. TGA curves were taken at 20%, 30%, 50%, 70%, 80% of these copolymers. % Weight loss temperature values and % residual material amounts were calculated. As the AN units increase in the poly (MABMM-co-AN) series, the residual percentage increases. The reason for the increased stability with the increase of AN units is that the cyanide groups in the polymer structure are converted into polyimine structure by the effect of heat.

Keywords: Thermal analysis.

* Corresponding author. Tel.: +90-424-237 0000/3670 E-mail address: zilter23@gmail.com (Z. İlter).

8

The Effects of Lycopene on Kidney Oxidative Stress and Histopathological Changes on Experimentally Induced Hypercholesterolemia in Rats

D. Ateşşahin1,*, O. Erman2, K. Servi3, A.O. Çeribaşı4, A. Ateşşahin3

1Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Çankırı Karatekin University, Çankırı, Turkey 2Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Fırat University, Elazığ, Turkey

3Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Fırat University, Elazığ, Turkey 4Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Fırat University, Elazığ, Turkey

The effects of lycopene on kidney oxidative stress parameters and histopathological changes on experimentally induced hypercholesterolemia in rats were investigated. Rats were divided into 4 groups (n=7). The period of experiment was 8 weeks and cholesterol diet contained %2 cholesterol+%0,5 cholic-acid. Control (C) group was administered with standard diet+0,5 ml corn oil, and lycopene (L) with group standard diet+10 mg/kg/day lycopene, and hypercholesterolemia (HC) group with cholesterol diet, hypercholesterolemia+lycopene (HC+L) group with cholesterol diet+10 mg/kg/day lycopene simultaneously. Histopathological changes were evaluated by light microscopy and MDA, GSH levels and SOD, CAT, GSH-Px activities were measured spectrophotometrically.

The kidneys of control and lycopene groups had normal histological appearance. The most significant changes in HC group desquamation in tubulus epithelial cells, hyaline cast formations in tubuls lumens with cloudy swelling and tubular dilatation. In addition, proliferation in mesangial cells was noted with thickening in Bowman capsule. Interstitial nephritis was characterized by mononuclear cell deposits in intertubular areas in some rats. In HC+L group, the lesions were found to be mildly severe, but there were no statistical differences in other lesions except cloudy swelling and cell infiltration in the proximal tubulus epithelium. In HC group rats, cholesterol diet did not cause significant change statically in MDA and GSH levels, SOD, GSH-Px and CAT activities compared to control.

Histopathological changes caused by cholesterol diet on kidney had been shown to be reduced by lycopene. Cholesterol diet did not cause any significant change oxidative stress parameters.

Keywords: Hypercholesterolemia, Lycopene, Oxidative stress, histopathology, kidney, rats

* Corresponding author. Tel.: +90-0424-237 0000/3829E-mail address: dilekatessahin@gmail.com (D. Ateşşahin).

9

A Morphological Investigation of Mg/Ni co-Doped Hydroxyapatites

O. Kaygili1,*, C. Tatar 1, N. Bulut1, T. İnce1

1Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey

A series of Mg/Ni co-doped hydroxyapatites, provided that the total amount of these additives does not exceed the value of 2.4 at% for each sample, were synthesized via wet chemical method. Using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy techniques, the morphological investigations and elemental analyses were carried out. It was observed that the morphology of the as-synthesized hydroxyapatite samples did not change significantly with the amounts of the co-dopants of Mg and Ni. EDX spectra of the samples verified the introduction of both additives into hydroxyapatite structure. It was also detected that all the samples had no impurity.

Keywords: Hydroxyapatite, morphology, wet chemical method.

Acknowledgement: OK acknowledges the support provided by the Firat University Scientific Research Projects Unit (Project No: FF.17.06).

* Corresponding author. Tel.: +90-424-237 0000/3623: fax: +90-424-233 0062. E-mail address: okaygili@firat.edu.tr (O. Kaygili).

10

The Effects of Al/Zn Content on the Crystal Structure of Hydroxyapatite

O. Kaygili1,*, C. Tatar 1, N. Bulut1, D. Bagci1, V. Gür1

1Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey

A pure hydroxyapatite (HAp) and three HAp based ceramic samples with various Al and Zn contents were prepared by the sol-gel route, and the effects of the increasing amounts of these additives on the crystal structure of HAp were investigated using X–ray diffraction (XRD) data. With increasing Al and Zn content, the degree of crystallinity decreases gradually. The phase composition, lattice parameters and unit cell volume are also affected by the amount of Al and Zn.

Keywords: Crystal structure, hydroxyapatite, X-ray diffraction (XRD).

Acknowledgement: CT acknowledges the support provided by the Firat University Scientific Research

Projects Unit (Project No: FF.14.26).

* Corresponding author. Tel.: +90-424-237 0000/3623: fax: +90-424-233 0062. E-mail address: okaygili@firat.edu.tr (O. Kaygili).

11

Electrical and Structural Properties of Cu2O Thin Films Produced by SILAR Method

G. Altındemir1 , O. Erken2, *, D. Özaslan1, M. Gunes3, C. Gumus1

1 Department of Physics, University of Cukurova, Adana, Turkey 2Department of Physics, Faculty Science and Letters, Adiyaman University, Adiyaman, Turkey

3Department of Materials Engineering, Engineering and Natural Sciences Faculty, Adana Science and Technology University, Adana, Turkey

In this study, Cu2O semiconductor thin films were prepared using Cu(CH3COO)2·H2O, CuSO4·5H2O, Cu(NO3)2·3H2O, CuCl2·2H2O sources produced by SILAR method on glass substrates. We obtained Cu2O thin films with 10 immersion cycles and investigated the effect of different copper salts on electrical and structural properties.

The film thicknesses were calculated between 52.33 and 184.57 nm by gravimetric analysis. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses reveal that the material structure is indeed in a cubical form and polycrystal phase. It is deduced from FE-SEM (Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope) imaging that the thin film formation usually consists of spherical particles, often with an exception of a combination between spherical and linear particles. From the Hall effect measurement, it was determined that Cu2O thin film exhibits p-type conduction. Its electrical resistivity (ρ) values were calculated in the range 1.25x103-1.24x104 Ω cm. The charge mobility (μ) values were found to be in the range from 1.96x101 to 5.16x101 cm2V−1s−1.

Keywords: Cu2O, SILAR method, film thicknesses, FE-SEM, XRD, electrical properties

* Corresponding author. Tel.: +90-416-223 3800/4172: fax: +90-416-223 1774 E-mail address: ozgerken@adiyaman.edu.tr (O. Erken).

12

The Effect of Post Deposition Annealing on the Properties of Cu2O Thin Films

D. Ozaslan1,*, O. Erken2, M. Gunes3, C. Gumus1

1Department of Physics, University of Cukurova, Adana, Turkey 2Department of Physics, Faculty Science and Letters, Adiyaman University, Adiyaman, Turkey

3Department of Materials Engineering, Engineering and Natural Sciences Faculty, Adana Science and Technology University, Adana, Turkey

Cu2O semiconductor thin films are deposited by SILAR Method at 70°C temperature on commercial microscope glass through 40 immersion cycles. The films were then annealed three individual steps at 100, 300 and 500 °C for an hour. The effect of various annealing temperatures are examined in terms of the change in optical, morphological and structural properties of the Cu2O films. Optical transmittance values of Cu2O (copper oxide (I)) and CuO (copper oxide (II)) thin films in the 550 nm are attained to be between 2-37% whereas calculations for refractive indices (n) indicate that the values vary between 2.95-11. Copper oxide films have been determined to have direct band gap characteristics with the band gap values lying in the range between 2.57-1.91 eV by using optical method. SEM analyses demonstrate that a homogeneous spherical structure through the sample is observed. A more closely-packed structure is detected with respect to increasing annealing temperature. X-ray diffraction spectra of the films have shown that the films are polycrystal structure and cubic phase. It is also concluded that annealing leads to a transition from copper oxide (I) to copper oxide (II) (tenorite) in the thin film structure.

Keywords: SILAR, Cu2O, CuO, optical properties, XRD, SEM.

* Corresponding author. Tel.: +90-322-338 6084/2480: fax: +90-322-338 6070. E-mail address: dozaslan@cu.edu.tr (D.Özaslan).

13

Use of Geographic Information Technologies in Land Consolidation Studies: Example of Kırşehir Dulkadirli Village

T.K.Aydın1,* , S.S. Durduran2, A. Bozdağ3, G.Gumus3

1Selçuklu Municipality, Konya, Turkey 2Department of Geomatics Engineering, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey

3Department of Geomatics Engineering, Ömer Halisdemir University, Niğde, Turkey

There are many field applications in Geographical Information Systems (GIS), which is an important product of information technology, as well as studies on the regulation of agricultural areas. Thanks to GIS, land consolidation to real estate in agricultural areas provides quick access to information, parcels can be related to each other and spatial analysis can be made much easier.

Land consolidation is to reach the optimum size of the scattered and not sufficiently large agricultural land by means of any method, maximize the productivity of the land, to minimize the economic and social problems and to increase the quality of life of the people working in this sector.

This study, Land Consolidation Project was carried out by using Geographical Information Technologies (GIT) in the project area determined in Kırşehir province Dulkadirli Village. Geographical Information Technologies have been utilized with spatial queries and analyzes related to each other on a project area basis by storing them in a spatial and non-spatial database which is the basis of the Land Consolidation transactions carried out in the project area. As a result of this study, the results made in the field of Land Consolidation project using GIS will be shared.

Keywords: GIT (geographical informations technologies), land consolidation, GIS

(geographical information systems).

* Corresponding author. Tel.: +90-332-224 3600/1217: fax: +90-332-265 4057. E-mail address: aydintaha83@gmail.com.tr (T.K.. AYDIN).

14

Friction Stir Welding of 6061-T6 Aluminum Alloy

A. Gündoğmuş1,*, N. Çavuşoğlu2, S. Çelik1, A. Oral1

1Department of Mechanical Engineering, Balıkesir University, Balıkesir, Turkey 2Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ege University, İzmir, Turkey

The friction stir welding is a welding method which allows the materials to be combined without melting. It is prevented Undesirable microstructure formations in the fusion zone and the heat affected zone by joining the materials without melting. Due to the need for weight reduction in recent years, the use of light metals in the industry is progressively being demanded. In this study, 2.1 mm thickness AlMgSiCu (6061-T6) aluminum alloy sheets commonly used in aerospace and automotive industries were welded by the friction stir welding method. The welds were realized by butt joint. Tensile and micro hardness tests were performed on the welded samples, and optical microscope images were investigated. The effects of process parameters which are important such as the rotation speed, feed rate and tool geometry, on mechanical and metallurgical properties were investigated.

Keywords: Friction stir welding, 6061-T6, Aluminum alloy.

* Corresponding author. Tel.: +90-546-862 3056. E-mail address: alper10gundogmus@gmail.com (A. Gündoğmuş).

15

The Corrosıon Performance of Poly (N-Methyl Pyrrole) Film Synthesized on ZnNiMo Alloy Coated Copper Surface

A.T. Ozyilmaz1, C. Surmelioglu1,*, I. Filazi1, G. Ozyilmaz1

1Department of Chemistry, The University of Mustafa Kemal, Hatay, Turkey

In industry, copper has been widely used in numerous applications for many years. Protective coatings such as organics and metallic coatings have been used widely for metal corrosion control. Recently, zinc based alloy plating such as zinc-nickel and zinc-cobalt plating are among those most widely used for protecting oxidizable metals in account of their high corrosion resistance as well as good mechanical properties. Yet, these alloy plating application in various industrial sectors including the automotive, electric and electronic industry are insufficient to protect the oxidizable metals. Recently, the conducting polymers are widely studied for many applications such as the improvement of corrosion resistance of the components used as mechanical parts in particularly automotive, electric and electronic industry.

In recent years, organic coatings are an efficient way to protect oxidizable products from corrosion. These coatings, which provide a physical protection to oxidizable metals such as copper have already found numerous applications in various industrial sectors including the automotive industry, electronic and electric sectors. Furthermore, the metallic plating deposits by a later top chromate and phosphate conversion coatings which supply additional protection. These plating are generally applied for long periods.

In this study, ZnNiMo plating was successfully deposited on copper in two different molybdate salt concentrations with chronopotentiometry technique in chloride solution medium. Poly (N-methyl pyrrole) (PNMP) films were synthesized on Cu/ZnNiMo electrode in 0.20 M sodium oxalate solution containing monomer medium. PNMP films on Cu/ZnNiMo electrode were covered with strongly adherent homogeneous characteristic. The corrosion behavior of Cu/ZnNiMo electrode with and without PNMP film in 3.5 % NaCl solution was investigated with AC impedance spectroscopy (EIS) technique and anodic polarization curves. It was shown the PNMP films deposited on Cu/ZnNiMo electrode exhibited a better barrier property in long term.

Keywords: Ternary Zn-Ni-Mo alloy, molybdenum, corrosion resistance, poly (N-methyl pyrrole)

Acknowledgment: This research is supported by the Hatay Mustafa Kemal University Coordinatorship of Scientific Research Projects with Project No: 16680 and 16681, and Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey with Project No: 216Z151.

* Corresponding author. Tel.: +90-326-245 5845/1199. E-mail address: surmelicagla91@gmail.com (C. Surmelioglu).

16

Electric Production with Exhaust Gas Temperature in Hybrid Vehicles

M. Çakmakkaya1, N. Çopur1, S. Kıskaç1,*

1Department of Automotive Engineering, Faculty of Technology, Afyon Kocatepe University, Afyon, Turkey

Throws out the heat through a large portion of fuel today's internal combustion engines. The heat cooling system, exhaust and air circulation with the atmosphere. This also leads to a fall in the efficiency of vehicles. In this study, we aimed to recover the heat energy lost due to internal combustion engines. This acquisition is provided with a Sterling engine that is placed in the exhaust system. The heat from the Sterling engine exhaust gas temperature energy to kinetic energy by turning it into a Dynamo system which is connected to the production of electricity was provided for. Internal combustion vehicles will also use this system to recharge the batteries in hybrid vehicles as headlight, ignition, ECU equipment, such as can be used.

Keywords: Sterling engine, hybrid vehicles, exhausts system.

* Corresponding author. Tel.: +90-272-228 1446/15156 E-mail address: cakmakkaya1964@gmail.com (M. Çakmakkaya).

17

Mechanical Properties of Alkali Activated Mortars with Different Binders

N. Gulmez1,*, N. U. Kockal2

1,2Department of Civil Engineering, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey

In the present investigation, the mechanical properties of silica fume and slag based geopolymer mortars were studied. Granulated blast furnace slag as aggregates was supplied from Antalya Etibank Ferrochrome Factory in Turkey. Silica fume and the blast furnace slag used as binder was obtained from Antalya Etibank Ferrochrome Factory and Iron and Steel Plant, respectively. Geopolymer mortars were alkali-activated with solutions containing a combination of NaOH and Na2SiO3. The compressive strength and flexural strength tests were performed to evaluate the mechanical performance of geopolymer mortars. The findings demonstrated that as the alkaline/binder ratio in mixes increased, compressive strength and flexural strength of the geopolymer mortars decreased. Furthermore, compressive strength of samples decreased considerably when silica fume was used instead of slag as binder.

Keywords: Alkali activator, binder, geopolymer, mechanical properties, strength.

* Correspond Author Tel.: +90-424-310 4389. E-mail address: nihanglmz@gmail.com (N. Gulmez).

18

Decontamination of Meatballs with Spices that Commonly Used

B. Çetin1,*, M. Kona1

1Department of Food Engineering, Kırklareli University, Kayalı Campus, Kırklareli, Turkey

Spices are usually added on food as flavorant and flavorer. However; spices have also functions such as bactericidal, bacteriostatic, fungistatic and antioxidative. In meat products, especially in meatballs, are used several spices for different purpose. This study was aimed to search of inhibitory effect of spices that commonly used in meatballs on Salmonella enteritidis. For this aim, meatball mix (include %82,5 minced meat, %10 bread crumbs, %5 onion,%1 salt,% 0.25 black pepper) were contaminated with active S. enteritidis culture and initial population was determined as 4.78 kob/g. The meatball mixed was divided into six equal parts (each of part was 200g). Except for one group, other groups were mixed with red pepper flakes, bayleaf, thyme, pimento and mix (include equally theese spices) at rate of % 1, respectively. Shaping samples were packed and stored 10 days at 4C. The samples were analyzed on days 2,4,6,8,10 of storage. According to results, red pepper flakes, bayleaf, thyme, pimento and mix (include equally theese spices) were provide respectively 0,64, 1.25, 1.09, 0.92 ve 0.51 log CFU/g inhibition on Salmonella enteritidis when compared the control group. It was determined that red pepper flakes has the least inhibitory affect while bayleaf has the most inhibitory affect on Salmonella enteritidis. The tangy flavor of bayleaf was felt at the samples that mixed with bayleaf and the bayleaf affected negatively the appearance of meatballs. Consequently, it was determined that the spices have antimicrobial affect in the meatballs at different rates. It is thought that the spices can be used as a natural antimicrobial agent directly or at form of hydrosol as well as a flavor enhancer in the meatballs.

Keywords: Spices, Meatball, S.enteritidis, antimicrobial affect, dekontamination.

* Corresponding author. Tel.: +90-288-214 0514; fax: +90-288-214 0516. E-mail address: bayram.cetin@klu.edu.tr (B. Çetin).

19

Bioaccessibility of Phenolic Compounds

M. Konak1,* , Y. Şahan2, B. Çetin1

1Department of Food Engineering, Kırklareli University, Kayalı Campus, Kırklareli, Turkey 2Department of Food Engineering, Uludağ University, Görükle Campus, Bursa, Turkey

Phenolic compounds constitute a large and an important group of phenylpropanoids produced by plants as secondary metabolites. They are influence multiple sensorial food properties, such as flavour, astringency, and colour. When phenolic compounds are in taken with diet they have decrease rate of incidence of chronic disease such as cancer, diabetes, Alzheimer’s disease and cardiovascular diseases. Therefore phenolic compounds have considerable important for health. The beneficial effects derived from phenolic compounds have been attributed to their antioxidant activity. Phenolic compounds could be a major determinant of antioxidant potentials of foods and could therefore be a natural source of antioxidants. However, the concentrations of these substances that reach the target tissues are very low. To understand their impact on human health, it is essential to know the nature of the main polyphenols ingested, their dietary origin, the amounts consumed in different diets and their bioaccessibility. Bioaccessibility could be defined as the fraction of a compound that is released from its matrix in gastrointestinal tract. Bioaccessibility includes the take place during food digestion for transformation into potentially bioaccessible material, absorption/into the intestinal epithelium cell and pre-systemic metabolism. The bioaccessibility of phenolics depends on several parameters, including the concentration in the food, the composition of the food and host-related factors and presence of digestive enzymes. Measurement of bioaccessibility provides valuable information to select the appropriate dosage and source of food matrices to ensure nutritional efficacy of food products.

Keywords: Phenolic compounds, bioaccesssibility.

* Corresponding author. Tel.: +90-288-214 0514/3018; fax: +90-288-214 0516. E-mail address: merveekonak@gmail.com (M. Konak).

20

Production of Biomaterials by Powder Metallurgy Methods and Applications

A. Canakci1,*, Ö. Y. Keskin2, S. Özkaya3, M. Çelebi4

1,2,3,4Department of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey

In this work, biomaterial, their alloys and powder metallurgy production methods were investigated. During the recent decades, biomaterials used in medicine have made a tremendous impact on the treatment of injuries and diseases of the human body. Biomaterials have been commonly used as orthopedic, dental, surgery material. Generally, these materials have been fabricated by conventional manufacturing methods so far, but these methods are costly, time-consuming and hard. In this respect powder metallurgy methods are promising candidates to manufacture biomaterials. Biomaterials produced by conventional methods have high melting temperatures and difficulties of different density. These difficulties are exceeded with the powder metallurgy. Also, powder metallurgy does not require additional process and reduce process time, cost and it provides control over porosity. Moreover, powder metallurgy provides potential to produce complex shaped part without machining and reduce loss of material.

Keywords: Biomaterials, powder metallurgy, biomaterials applications.

* Corresponding author. Tel.: +90-462-377 2927: fax: +90-462-325 7405. E-mail address: aykut@ktu.edu.tr (A. Canakci).

21

Metal Foams Produced by Powder Metallurgy Methods and Applications

A. Çanakci1,*, O.Y. Keskin1, S. Özkaya1, M.Celebi1

1Department of Metallurgy and Material Engineering, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey

In this work metal foams, their applications and fabrication methods by powder metallurgy were investigated. Metal foams are new class of materials which characterized by low densities, thermal, acoustic, mechanical and physical properties offer exceptional potential like energy absorption, lightweight structures and thermal control. Due to their properties, they have been used electrode, electrical applications, aerospace applications, filters, acoustic absorbers. Also, cellular metals are potential candidate for biomedical applications as an implant material. Powder metallurgy routes offer ease for production process relatively. It provides control over porosities and alloying for metals that are not alloyed because of density and melting points differences between them. Furthermore, powder metallurgy methods provide producing of complex shaped part without machining and reduce loss of material.

Keywords: Metal foams, powder metallurgy, metal foam applications.

* Corresponding author. Tel.: +90-462-377 2927; fax: +90-462-325 7405. E-mail address: aykut@ktu.edu.tr (A. Çanakçı).

22

The Investigation of Wear Performance of Fe/B4C/Graphene Hybrid Nanocomposites

A. Canakci1, *, K.A. Arpaci1, M. Celebi1, S. Ozkaya1, U. Calıgulu2, F. Erdemir1

1Department of Metallurgy and Material Engineering, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey 2Department of Metallurgy and Material Engineering, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey

MMC has been widely used in engineering application because of their favoruable properties such as high strength to weight ratio, lighter weight, lower cost, and good wear behaviour. In this study, the wear performance of Fe/B4C/Graphene hybrid nanocomposites has been investigated. The graphene nanoparticle content was changed from 0wt.% to 5wt.% while the B4C content was kept constant at 2wt.%. The hybrid nanocomposites were fabricated by powder metallurgy method which is broadly preferred because of its low cost, high volume production, ease of operation, and attractive manufacturing process. It was found that the hardness of the hybrid nanocomposites decreased dramatically with increase in the graphene nanoparticles. Increasing the graphene nanoparticle content from 0 to 5 wt.%, the hardness decreased from 88.9 to 64.16 HB due to soft nature of graphene. It was also observed that the wear rate of hybrid nanocomposites decreased with increasing graphene nanoparticle content.

Keywords: Graphene, B4C, wear, hybrid composite.

* Corresponding author. Tel.: +90-462-377 2927: fax: +90-462- 325 7405. E-mail address: aykut@ktu.edu.tr (A. Canakci).

23

Nanoarchitecture

A. Erol1,*

1Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Bülent Ecevit University, Zonguldak, Turkey

Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) is a powerful and efficient microscopy for the analysis of nanomaterials. Although this imaging technique is common and several standard methods exist for chemical analysis, questions remain about the optimal magnification and voltage to be used. The chemical molecules are relatively sensitive to the electron beam. This study specifically represents the best imaging condition to HMDS and reaction products of organosilicons. The greatest challenges of working with organosilicons molecules is imaging and characterizing features on such a small scale by SEM. The results support the conclusion that, contrary to what is usually recommended, it is best to determine the structure of organosilicons molecules without spectroscopy. It has been a convenient method for the emergence of the structure of HMDS and reaction products.

Keywords: SEM, imaging, organosilicons, HMDS, Siloxanes, nanoarchitecture.

* Corresponding author. Tel.: +90-372-257 4010. E-mail address: arzuerol@beun.edu.tr (A. Erol).

24

A DFT Calculations for Naphthalene Molecule

H. K. Mahmood1,*, H. Kebiroglu2, S. Akpınar3 , N. Bulut4

1,2,3,4Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey

We have implemented a DFT method with the 6-311G basis set to calculate Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectrum of the naphthalene molecule. The FTIR spectrum of naphthalene corresponds to the vibrational modes of the system. It was found that there are some pics along the FTIR results which are corresponding to the vibration modes of the studied molecules. Electron density of naphthalene molecule was also calculated. It was found that the density of the electron was big around the carbon atoms than hydrogen atoms. These results were obtained with the DFT method by implementing Mulliken population analysis method.

Keywords: DFT method, Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), Mulliken population analysis

method, Naphthalene molecule, vibration mode.

* Corresponding author. E-mail address: hamdkareem7@gmail.com (H. K. Mahmood).

25

Selective Detection of 2,4-Dichloro Phenoxyacetic Acid Herbicide via Molecular Imprinted Magnetic Carbon Nanotube

A. Zengin1,*, M.U. Badak1, N. Aktaş1

1Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Yuzuncu Yil University, Tuşba, Van, Turkey

Molecular imprinting is a synthetic method for preparation of polymer materials which has pre-designed molecular recognition ability. Due to this feature, molecular imprinted materials are often named as plastic antibody or enzyme mimics. Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) can be used to design functional polymeric materials with selective recognition properties. After polymerization with a suitable monomer and template molecule, the template molecule is removed from the polymer matrix to form three-dimensional cavities in the polymer matrix that are the same size, shape and functionality as compared with the template molecule.

In the present work, the 2,4-dichlorapenoxyacetic acid imprinted magnetic carbon nanotubes were synthesized via surface initiated addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization. The magnetic carbon nanotubes were first functionalized with a chain transfer agent group containing organosilane and then polymerization was performed in the presence 2,4-dichlorapenoxyacetic acid (template molecule), 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA, functional monomer), ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA, cross-linker), azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN, initiator) and acetonitrile (solvent or porogen). The prepared MIP nanotubes were characterized by several surface characterization methods such as transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The binding properties of the prepared MIP nanotubes were further studied by equilibrium properties, binding capacity and selectivity experiments by UV-vis spectrometer.

Keywords: Molecularly imprinted polymers, RAFT polymerization, 2,4-dichlorapenoxyacetic

acid, magnetic carbon nanotubes

* Corresponding author. Tel.: +90-432-444 5060/28242. E-mail address: ademzengin@yyu.edu.tr (A. Zengin).

26

Applied Novel Techniques in Extraction of Bioactive Compounds

B.E. Kocamaz1, *, O. Sağdıç2 , H. Şanlıdere Aloğlu1

1Department of Food Engineering, Kırklareli University, Faculty of Engineering, Kırklareli, Turkey 2Department of Food Engineering, Yıldız Technical University, Faculty of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering,

Istanbul, Turkey

The development of healthy nutrition knowledge has made it much more important to meet the need for nutrients as well as the sensory qualities of foods and to benefit from health. These non-nutritional elements are possible to sum up under the title of bioactive compounds. Studies have shown that bioactive compounds have positive effects on health by mechanisms such as substrate in biochemical reactions, cofactor or inhibitor in enzymatic reactions, absorbent in eliminating undesirable compounds in the gut, fermentation substrate for beneficial bacteria. Thus the studies for extraction of bioactive compounds have increased day after day. The first step in quantitative and qualitative analysis of components in foods is the extraction process. Extraction is one of the processes of separating a compound from a mixture with suitable solvent. Classic extraction practices use up solvent in large quantities. So, they cause environmental problem and usually they provide very low selectivity. Therefore, new extraction methods are developed and recently there is a rising request to these new techniques. It is due to automation, shortening of extraction time, reduction of organic solvent consumption, prevention of pollution in analytical laboratories and reduction of sample preparation cost. Thus, new techniques such as microwave-assisted extraction, supercritical fluid extraction, pressurized liquid extraction and ultrasound assisted liquid extraction have been replaced by classical extraction techniques. The similarity between these techniques is the possibility of operating at high temperatures and pressures, which significantly increases the speed of the extraction.

Keywords: Bioactive compounds, extraction, novel techniques.

* Corresponding author. Tel.: +90-288-214 0514, fax: +90-288-214 0516 E-mail address: basakebrukocamaz@klu.edu.tr (B.E. Kocamaz).

27

Effect on the Rheological Properties of Using Himalayan Salt in White Cheese Production

H. Şanlıdere Aloğlu1, *, Y. Özcan1, S. Karasu2

1 Department of Food Engineering, Kırklareli University, Faculty of Engineering, Kırklareli, Turkey 2 Department of Food Engineering, Yıldız Technical University, Faculty of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering,

Istanbul, Turkey

Himalayan salt is extracted from Himalayan mountains and its name comes from there. Compared with refined salt, Himalayan salt has high mineral content. White, red-orange, and pink colors of Himalayan salts are present depending on mineral ratios. In this study, brine solutions containing white and pink color Himalayan salt with different ratios were used for cheese manufacturing. Rheological properties and color values of cheeses were examined. Dynamic rheological properties of cheeses were determined by temperature controlled rheometer with stress control and peltier heating system. Firstly, linear viscoelastic zone amplitude scanning test and then frequency scanning test were performed for this purpose. L (brightness), a (green/red) and b (blue/yellow) properties of samples were also determined to observe the effect of salt’s color. As a result, it was determined that viscoelastic solid characters (G' values) of samples were changed depending on salt type and ratio. It was observed that pink color Himalayan salt causes more increasing than white Himalayan salt. Parameters of dynamic rheological properties were affected from ripening time and salt type. During storage, viscoelastic solid (K’) and viscoelastic liquid (K’’) characters were decreased. Also, color values of cheese samples showed change according to type and ratio of Himalayan salt.

Keywords: Himalayan salt, white cheese, rheological properties, color properties.

* Corresponding author. Tel.: +90-288-214 0514 fax: +90-288-214 0516. E-mail address: haticealoglu@klu.edu.tr (H. Şanlıdere Aloğlu).

28

Influence of Dipping Cycles on Optical Properties of CuS Thin Films Prepared by SILAR Technique

E. Yücel1,*, Y. Yücel2

1Department of Physics, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Mustafa Kemal University, Hatay, Turkey 2Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Mustafa Kemal University, Hatay, Turkey

Metal chalcogenides in the thin film form have been used extensively as semiconductor material due to their appropriate structural and optical properties in recent years. Chalcogenide thin films can be deposited on the substrates by various techniques including electrodeposition, successive ionic layer adsorption and reaction (SILAR), spray pyrolysis, photochemical deposition and chemical bath deposition. Among the different methods for film deposition, successive ionic-layer adsorption and reaction method can easy control of film thickness by adjusting number of deposition cycles. This method does not require any sophisticated instruments. In SILAR method, to prepare thin films substrates are immersed into separately placed cationic and anionic precursors and precipitate formation in the solution. It is known that synthesis route is important in obtaining high quality semiconductor materials. In this work, the successive ionic layer adsorption and reaction (SILAR) method was used to fabrication of CuS films. We have investigated the effect of dipping cycles on the optical properties of nanostructured CuS chalcogenide films. CuS thin films were coated at different dipping cycles, in the range 15-35 cycles. The structure, morphology and optical properties of the fabricated films were analyzed using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and UV-Vis spectrophotometer. The Eg values of the semiconducting CuS films obtained from the optical absorption studies were found to be in the range 1.61-2.12 eV. Also, optical studies showed that the optical transmittance of CuS nanostructures varied between 15 and 27%.

Keywords: Copper sulphide thin film, metal chalcogenides, influence of dipping cycles,

SILAR method

* Corresponding author. Tel.: +90-326-245 5845 /1647: fax: +90-326-245 5867. E-mail address: eyucel@mku.edu.tr (E. Yücel).

29

Investigation of Mechanical Properties and Adhesive Wear of Etial 145 Alloy with 5% Nickel Added at T6 Heat Treatment

M. Çetin1,*, T. Sunar1

1Department of Manufacturing Engineering, Karabuk University, Karabuk, Turkey

In the present research, the microstructure and mechanical properties of Etial 145 Alloy under as-cast and T6 heat treatment conditions produced by liquid metallurgical route were studied. The dry sliding wear tests carried out by means of a pin-on-disc tester at room temperature, at 1 m s-1 sliding speed, 20N load, and 500,1000 and 1500 m sliding distances. The hardness, ultimate tensile strength, yield strength, elongation and adhesive wear of Etial 145 alloy under T6 heat treatment improved by 36%, 58%, 54%, 45% and 35% respectively as compared to as-cast conditions.

Keywords: Hardness, etial 145 alloy, microstructure, T6 heat treatment, tensile test, wear.

* Corresponding author. Tel.: +90-370-418 7100/1332: fax: +90-370-418 7101. E-mail address: mcetin@karabuk.edu.tr (M. Çetin).

30

Effect of Thermal Factors on Abrasive Wear Behavior of Die Casting Mold Materials

F. Gül1,2,*, M. Katmer3

1Department of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Technology, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey 2Faculty of Technology, Amasya University, Amasya, Turkey

3Institute of Natural and Applied Sciences, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey

High pressure die casting method is an important production process for producing castings with low dimensions tolerance, high casting ratio and high surface quality. In die casting process, molten metal is injected into hot work tool steel mold under high pressure and at high speed. Nonferrous casting alloys are generally produced by high pressure die casting. The mold is heated by the molten metal during the injection of molten metal into mold cavity. Rapid temperature change takes place on the mold surface layer during casting cycle. This variation may cause the thermal fatigue and softening of mold materials. Aluminum alloys is generally poured at 650-750 ºC into a die preheated to 250-300 ºC depending on chemical composition of casting alloy. In this study, quenched, tempered and nitride DIN 1.2344 hot work tool steel specimens are heated to 700 ºC for 1000, 3000 and 6000 second and specimens were cooled to room temperature. Hardness, abrasive wear test and metallographic observation were performed in order to evaluate the effect of thermal cycle. In the abrasive wear tests were conducted on pin on disk tribometer under applied loads of 30 N, sliding speed of 0,2 m/s, sliding distance of 25-100 m, 800 Mesh abrasive paper. Experimental results show that abrasive wear performance of hot work tool steel decreased significantly by increasing time of thermal cycle and temperature.

Keywords: Thermal factors, wear, Din 1.2344 hot work tool steel.

* Corresponding author. Tel.: +90-312-202 8801: fax: +90-312-202 8947. E-mail address: fgul@gazi.edu.tr (F.Gül).

31

A Cost Analysis for Ammonia as a Hydrogen Carrier

M.Y.Aslan1, S. Akbayrak2, S. Özkar3, D. Üner4,*

1,4Department of Chemical Engineering, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey 3Department of Chemistry, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey

2Department of Chemistry, Sinop University, Sinop, Turkey

Hydrogen is a clean and sustainable alternative energy vector. The main problems concerning H2 as an energy source are its transport, storage and efficient release at the point of use. NH3 and its derivatives such as NH3BH3 can be good candidates for hydrogen storage; NH3 and NH3BH3 contain 17.6 and 19.5% wt. hydrogen, respectively. In addition to high hydrogen density of these compounds, when hydrogen is obtained by decomposition of NH3 and/or its derivatives, N2 is produced as a byproduct, which does neither impacts the environment nor poisons the fuel cell catalysts. In this contribution, recent research in our group on ammonia, ammonia borane synthesis and hydrogen evolution processes will be presented. Furthermore, keeping in mind that the production cost of NH3 is important to obtain affordable hydrogen on site, a cost analysis will be presented for the production and use of NH3 as an H2 carrier.

Keywords: Hydrogen, energy carrier, ammonia

* Corresponding author. Tel.: +90-312-210 4383; fax: +90-312-210 2600. E-mail address: uner@metu.edu.tr (D. Üner).

32

An Effective Carrier System for Bioactive Food Components: Solid Lipid Nanoparticles

S. Tay1,*, M. Yılmaztekin2

1Darende Bekir Ilıcak Vocational School, Inonu University, Malatya, Turkey 2Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Inonu University, Malatya, Turkey

Functional foods include bioactive food components which prevents diseases and helps for attaining more healty life. These foods not only supply the requirement of basic food components, but also provide additional benefits on human physiology and metabolic functions of the body. On the other hand, bioactive food components can be affected highly from environmental conditions, food processing and gastrointestinal tract. Therefore, one of the most important issue during the production of functional foods is the protection of biactive food components under the mentioned conditions. One approach that provides an effective protection of these components is called Encapsulation. Encapsulation is defined as a process that produce particles with diameters ranging from milimeter to nanometer by enclosing a material with another material. In order to obtain particles of nearly target size during encapsulation, there are many methods given the physical/chemical properties of both the core and the coating material, the usage area of the encapsulated material, the desired release mechanism, industrial scale design and feasible process cost. Among these methods, Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) has recently become a prominent method with an increasing interest as a new and effective carrier system. SLNs are nanometer-sized particles prepared using lipids and surfactants in the GRAS list, which are solid at the room and body temperature, and stabilized with emulsifiers. It is a carrier system that is mainly used in the field of pharmacology. It has also been possible to use the SLN method in the encapsulation of bioactive components in food technology because of its safety for human health. Furthermore, SLNs have many advantages such as being able to maintain the active substance stable for a long time being able to be produced on an industrial scale and being economical. In this review, SLNs production techniques and structure of solid lipids are presented. Moreover, the superiority of SNLs over other carrier systems, and its applications in food and various other fields are included.

Keywords: Solid lipid nanoparticles, encapsulations, bioactive components, functional foods

* Corresponding author. Tel.: +90-(422) 615-2050/123 E-mail address: sevinc.tay@inonu.edu.tr (S. Tay)

33

Determination of Bearing Failures Using Arduino-Matlab & Simulink Serial Communication

N. Akkuş1, *, R. Sefil1, H. Yüce1

1Department of Mechatronics Engineering, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey

Roller bearings are mechanical elements placed in bearings to reduce energy loss by providing a rolling friction in mechanical and electrical assemblies rather than sliding friction. It is possible to detect any damage that may occur or occur in the machine by observing the vibrations of the roller bearings. The determination of the outer ring damage, which occurs in a bearing with a cylindrical type-rolling element, by using vibration analysis by establishing the Arduino-Matlab & Simulink communication for the first time in the literature, is presented and the importance of estimator maintenance is emphasized. As stated in the literature, it has been determined that the vibration caused by damage occurring in the outer ring of the bearing is determined by the (amplitude-time) in the waveform graph, the spectrum is in the (amplitude-frequency) graph, the pulse signals are equal to the outer ring ball passing frequency, and frequencies are generated in the folding frequency.

Keywords: Arduino, matlab & simulink, vibration, bearing, predictive maintance.

* Corresponding author. Tel.: +90-533-208 4445. E-mail address: nihat.akkus@marmara.edu.tr (N. Akkuş)

34

Recycling of Slag Waste as a Submerged Arc Welding Powder for Hardfacing

M. Kaptanoglu1, *, M.Eroglu2

1,2Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Fırat University, Elazig, 23000, Turkey

The slag waste generated during the metallurgical process of Elazig, Turkey ferrochromium plant, deoxidizer, strength enhancer, and other ceramic based powders were mixed to obtain recycled submerged arc welding powders. High carbon ferrochromium was also added into the recycled powder mixtures to improve microstructure, hardness and wear properties of SAE 1020 steel using a submerged arc welding technique for hardfacing applications. After the welding process, there were no crack and porosite on the surface of the hardfacings obtained. The increasing amount of high carbon ferrochromium in recycled powders, homogeneity and slag removal characteristic of hardfacings were decreased. Microstructures changed, macrohardness results increased and wear losses decreased. The highest macrohardness value, 46 HRC, and the lowest wear loss, 4.41 wt.%, were determined from the hardfacing obtained with the recycled powder which has 16 wt.% high carbon ferrochromium.

Keywords: Submerged arc welding, slag waste, hardfacing, recycling, ferrochromium.

Acknowledgment: This study was supported by a grant from the scientific and technological research council of Turkey, TUBITAK (Project No: 114M016).

* Corresponding author. Tel.: +90-535-405 1760: fax: +90-424-241 5526. E-mail address: mkaptanoglu@firat.edu.tr (M. Kaptanoglu).

35

An Investigation on Processing of Ti3SiC2 Max Phase Materials from Bottom to up Under the Laboratory Conditions: From TiC-Si-C powders

A. Atasoy1,*, E. Saka1, A. Koşar1

1Department of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, University of Sakarya, Sakarya, Turkey

In Max phase materials, the Ti-Si-C system and especially 312 Ti3SiC2 phase is the most attracted and investigated structure. To understand it, a series of experimental works were carried out using various mixtures such as: 1-3TiO2+SiO2+Al+2C, 2- 3Ti+Si+2C, 3- Ti+2TiC+Si, 4-2Ti +TiC + SiC, 5- 3Ti+SiC+C and 6-TiC+Si+C

As expected, each mixture differs processing methods, experimental conditions and parameters depending on the starting composition. In the present paper, the processing and the formation of Ti3SiC2 was investigated. using the reaction 6. The necessary amount of metallic titanium was added to the reaction 6, according to the desired phase. Pressureless sintering method was chosen and the starting composition were sintered in presence of argon flow at temperatures between 1300-1500 ˚C for 2-5h. The initial and the formed phases were analysed using XRD, TG/DTA, SEM, FTIR methods.

Keywords: MAX phase materials, Ti3SiC2, Nano layer materials, machinable ceramics.

* Corresponding author. Tel.: +90-264-295 6491: fax: +90-264-295 6421. E-mail address: aatasoy@sakarya.edu.tr (A. Atasoy).

36

Ab İnitio İntermolecular Potential Energy Surfaces of H2–NO+ Complex

C. Örek1,*, F. Özkalaycı2, N. Bulut3

1,2,3Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Firat University, Elazig 23119, Turkey 1Research and Application Center, Kastamonu University, 37100 Kastamonu, Turkey

Van der Waals complexes are supposed to play a crucial role in many cases (intermediates in chemical reactions, intermediates between condensed and gas phase, ...) and their understanding is necessary to analyze many phenomena of importance for various fields such as fundamental chemistry, astrophysics, atmospheric physics, or biochemistry.

The interest in the nitrosyl ion, NO+, is highlighted by its extraordinary variety of roles in multiple fields. In atmospheric chemistry, the low recombination energy makes NO+ an efficient charge ‘sink’, and a promoter of chain reactions eventually leading to hydrated-proton clusters, important particularly in the chemistry of the ionospheric D region and the middle atmosphere. H2 -containing dimer system, where large-amplitude internal rotation, zero-point motion and tunneling can have dramatic influences on the internal vibration–rotation dynamics. Such information can often reveal considerable insight into the highly quantum mechanical dynamics of molecular motion on ‘soft’ PESs, as well as provide new opportunities for rigorous comparison between ab initio theory, exact quantum dynamics, and high-resolution experiment.

In this study, we present the calculation of a new global four-dimensional (4D) PES for the ground electronic state of the H2–NO+ collisional system. We use the highly accurate the explicitly correlated variant of the coupled cluster method with single, double, and noniterative triple excitations [CCSD(T)-F12] using the correlation-consistent, triple-zeta (cc-pVTZ-F12) atomic basis sets augmented with mid-bond functions and auxiliary basis for the explicitly correlated part.

Keywords: H2–NO+ complex, exact quantum dynamics, high-resolution experiment, ground

electronic state, new global four-dimensional (4D) PES.

* Corresponding author. Tel.: +90-366-280 1316. E-mail address: cahitorek@gmail.com (C. Örek).

37

As a conducting redox polymer in biosensors: Polyrhodanine

H. Uluca1, *, G. Ozyilmaz2, A. T. Ozyilmaz3

1Department of Chemistry, Mustafa Kemal University, Hatay, Turkey

Biosensors are basically analytical devices, which convert biological responses into electrical signals. Conducting polymers such as polypyrrole, polythiophene, polycarbazole, polyaniline, polyphenol, polyacetylene, polyfuran have been widely used in biosensor studies due to their biocompatibility and charge transport properties. Rhodanine (Rh) has various biological activities such as anticonvulsant, antibacterial, antidiabetic, antiviral, antimicrobial. In a previous study, polyrhodanine was electrochemically synthesized. However, no study has been done to test polyrhodanine’s performance as a conducting polymer in biosensors.

The first generation glucose biosensors have been developed based on the reduction of the flavin group (flavin adenine dinucleotide, FAD) of glucose oxidase (GOD) by glucose. After being reduced (FADH2) flavin group reacts with molecular oxygen. By oxidation of flavin group to FAD the oxygen is reduced to hydrogen peroxide. Measurements of hydrogen peroxide provide an indirect means for the measurment of glucose concentration. Some disadvantages limit the widespread use of glucose biosensors. One of the most important limitations is scarce of oxygen in some mediums where the biosensors have to be used. Redox polymers gives us an opportunity to overcome this problem.

In this study, an oxygen free electrolyte solution created by sulphite then cyclic voltammetry and impedance measurements were performed. In cyclic voltammetry measurements, current values obtained in glucose medium were higher than glucose free medium. Impedance measurements showed lower resistance values in the glucose medium than glucose-free medium. The increase in glucose-dependent current in an oxygen-free environment can be explained by the redox property of the polyrhodanine.

Additionally, in the sulfide-free (oxygenated) medium, when the potential was higher than 0,4 volts, the glucose-dependent current values increased. As to sulfide (oxygen-free) medium when the potential was higher than 0,7 volts, the glucose-dependent current values were increased.

Keywords: Polyrhodanine, biosensors, redox polymer, conference, voltammetry

measurements, glucose-dependent current. Acknowledgment: The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support for this work by

the Scientific Research Units of the Mustafa Kemal University (Project No: 16701).

* Corresponding author. E-mail address: haluk215@mynet.com (H. Uluca)

38

Experimental Investigation of the Effects of Wire Electrical Discharge Machining Parameters On Component Diameter, Cyclicity and Cylindricity

Tolerances

M. Ay1,*

1Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Technology, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey

In this study, the effect of cutting parameters on dimension and shape tolerances of components is investigated. Nine pieces of cylinders with dimensions 10x10mm were cut by using M303 extra plastic mould steel. Sumitomo denko SBG type wire with a 0,25 mm diameter is used. Table feed rate, pulse on time and pulse off time are used as machining parameters. Pulse off time adjustment, maximum current of main power supply, auxiliary power supply network, main power supply voltage, servo reference voltage, wire feed rate, wire tension, dielectric fluid circulation pressure were kept constant during the experiments. Three dimensional coordinate measuring equipment was used to measure the tolerances of dimensions and shapes. Wire electrical discharge machining parameters were optimized by using Taguchi optimization technique. The results of experiments were presented as graphics and tables. Estimated values were obtained by regression model.

Keywords: Wire electrical discharge, dimension and shape tolerances, cutting parameters,

Taguchi optimization method, regression analysis.

* Corresponding author. Tel.: +90-216-3365770/1310: fax: +90-216-3378987. E-mail address: muay@marmara.edu.tr (M. Ay).

39

Drying and Texturing of Fresh Meat and Fish by Instant Controlled Pressure Drop Technology

R. Gunes1, H. Uran1,*, I. Yilmaz2

1Kırklareli University, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Food Engineering, Kırklareli, Turkey. 2Namık Kemal University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Food Engineering, Tekirdağ, Turkey.

Today, heat treatments are widely used to provide quality, healthy and safe food production. Conventional heat treatments can provide desirable changes such as textural changes, protein coagulation, starch gelatinization, formation of different aroma components, but other side these treatments can cause vitamin and mineral losses and change in the appearance, taste and texture of the food. In this respect, alternative thermal or non-thermal techniques have been investigated and developed by scientists all over the world for the replacement of conventional heat treatments that using in drying and texturing of foodstuffs. Instant controlled pressure drop is also one of these techniques and this innovative thermo-mechanical process has been used extensively in drying, texturing, decontaminating, pre-treatment of various foods and also extraction of volatile compounds from different plant materials. The fields of application and the effects of this technology on food quality would appear to be promising. On the other hand, researches on the processing of meat and fish by instant controlled pressure drop technology are very scarce. In these researches, it was aimed to reduce the process time and energy cost depending on the increase of the efficiency of drying process by texturing of the products using this method. According to the findings obtained, instant controlled pressure drop treatment increased the functional properties of meat and fish such as water holding capacity and rehydration capacity. Also it was stated that this method conserved the color of the end products very well and decreased the drying time compared to other conventional treatments. In this work, it is aimed to review of basic principles of instant controlled pressure drop and also to review of its effects on product quality when using in meat and fish drying and texturing process.

Keywords: Heat treatments, drying, texturing, instant controlled pressure drop.

* Corresponding author. Tel.: +90-288-214 0514/3017; fax: +90-288-214 0516. E-mail address: harunuran@klu.edu.tr (H. Uran).

40

Experimental Investigation of Rubber Seal Interference Effect on Ball Bearing Performance

K. Sarıgöz1,*

1Department of Mechanical Engineering, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey

Rubber-based seals are widely used in ball bearing industry. These seals affect the performance and life of the ball bearing significantly. According to general expressions, rubber seal has part in 60-70% of total friction generation of ball bearing. Friction generates heat increase and heat increase decreases ball bearing life. For this reason rubber seal usage and design are very important for ball bearing applications. Loss of energy in mechanical systems can be reduced with suitable rubber seal design, according to application.

Effect of seal interference value on bearing performance was investigated experimentally. 6008 RSR seal design ball bearing type is chosen and NBR seal material is used in this study. Ball bearings which have four different seal interferences were manufactured specifically for experimental study. Seal interferences which are used in tests are given respectively; 200µm, 160µm, 105µm, 45µm. Friction torque and temperature test were performed with these bearing samples. Friction torque test was performed without loading at 3000rpm, temperature test was performed with radial loading(2000N) at 6000rpm.

According to these two test results, it has been found that as the seal interference increases, resistance to rotation in the bearing increases. However, there were significant differences between tests performed with loaded and unloaded conditions. According to friction torque test, ball bearing frictional torque increases almost linearly with seal interference. In spite of this, any significant temperature increase was not noted after 105µm seal interference value in temperature tests which performed with 2000N radial load. Moreover, variation in test results of loaded bearings were far more than unloaded bearings. These evaluations were clarified totally by figures in this study. According to temperature test results, modified rating life of bearings calculated theoretically. Effect of different seal interferences on ball bearing life was investigated and determined. As a result of this study, rubber seal interference parameter is very important for ball bearings and also mechanical systems.

Keywords: Rubber seal interference, friction torque, ball bearing life.

* Corresponding author. Tel.: +90-506-924 6606. E-mail address: kagansarigoz@gmail.com (K. Sarıgöz).

41

Thermal Capacity Calculation of Hydroxyapatite Molecule

Z. Tunc1,* , H. Kebiroglu2, O. Kaygili3, C. Tatar4 , B. Gunduz5 , N. Bulut6

1,2,3,4,6 Department of Physics, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey 5Department of Science Education, Faculty of Education, Mus Alparslan University, Mus, Turkey

The heat capacity or thermal capacity of a defined system is the amount of heat needed to raise the temperature of system by one degree. It is expressed in units of thermal energy per degree temperature. In this work, the heat capacity of internal vibrational degrees of the title system was calculated with a high quality of b3lyp/cc-pvdz method. We have found that the internal vibrational modes have individual effect of heat capacity for the hydroxyapatite molecule. The first theoretical heat capacity calculations were done for the hydroxyapatite system and the results were interpreted in detail.

Keywords: Hydroxyapatite, thermal capacity, vibrational modes.

* Corresponding author. Tel.: +90 531 731 01 85 E-mail address: zlkf_tnc_1988@hotmail.com (Z. Tunc).

42

Hydrogen Migration Study in NO++H2 Reaction

F. Özkalayci1,* , C. Örek2,3, N. Bulut2

1 Department of Physics, Faculty of Arts and Science, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey 2 Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey

3 Research and Application Center, Kastamonu University, Kastamonu, Turkey

NOH2+ is one of the most important and recently observed in the Earth’s upper atmosphere. In this work, a driving bond angle between N-O-H system have been studied to investigate Hydrogen migration from Nitrogen side to Oxygen side in internal coordinates at the HF/6-31G level. We have started a scan at 114 degrees in order to avoid problems related to linear arrangement of atoms. We have found that the transition state of the system is located at a bond angle of around 54 degrees. All the results were interpreted in detail.

Keywords: Molecular interaction, diatomic molecules, collinear, hydrogen migration.

* Corresponding author. Tel.: +90-532-766 0015. E-mail address: ozkalayci-fatih@hotmail.com (F. Özkalayci).

43

Rectifying and Surface Enhancement of Highly-Crystalline Nitropyridine-Conjugated Anthracene Schottky Junctions

E. Karagöz1,*, S. F. Varol2, S. Sayin3, Z. Merdan4, K. Uzun5

1,4Department of Physics, Faculty of Sciences, Gazi University, 06500, Ankara, Turkey. 2Department of Energy Systems Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Giresun University, 28200, Giresun, Turkey 3Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Giresun University, 28200, Giresun, Turkey

5Center of Research and Application Center, Giresun University, 28200, Giresun, Turkey

This article describes that an anthracene derivative conjugated with nitropyridine substituent has been efficiently used in fabrication of Schottky junction for the first time. Attempts implied that the current–voltage I-V characteristics of the device exhibited a non-linear behavior. The junction parameters such as ideality factor, barrier height, and series resistance are calculated using Cheung and Norde’s methods. The effect of solution aging with a long period from 1 h to 1 week (168 h) on diode parameters were studied in details. It is observed that the barrier height varies almost linearly with aging and the values increase from 0.623 to 0.860 eV, 0.710 to 0.884 eV, and 0.715 to 0.836 eV determined from I-V, Cheung and Norde functions, respectively, on the other hand, the ideality factor decreases from 3.08 to 1.93 and 3.24 to 1.52 determined from I-V and Cheung functions respectively, with increase in aging period. Low ideality factor suggests formation of an ideal Schottky junction between Sn and Si. The series resistance obtained from Norde’s function was compared with this from Cheung functions, and it was seen that there was a good agreement between the values from both methods. It was also seen that the values were almost strongly dependent on solution aging.

Keywords: Nitropyridine-conjugated anthracene; Schottky Junction; Organic Diodes (ODs); electrical characterization; optical characterization.

* Corresponding author. Tel.: +90-454-310 1000 /Fax: +90 454 310 10 16. E-mail address: songulvfiat@yahoo.com (S. Fiat Varol).

44

Piezoelectric Material Components in Automotive Applications

M. Altay1,*, A. Surmen2

1Department of Mechanical Engineering, Bursa Technical University, Bursa, Turkey 2Department of Automotive Engineering, University, Bursa, Turkey

During the last decades, continued development of piezoelectric materials has led to a huge market of products ranging from everyday products to more specialized devices. There are numerous applications especially in the transportation industry. Piezoelectric ceramics can withstand towards to the harsh environmental conditions in highway vehicles easily. This property of piezoelectric materials made them strong candidates for applications in all branches of highway transportation industry. For instance, the development of piezoelectric actuators for fuel injection systems has been a popular application of the near past, active noise and vibration reduction has been a current activity and the use of piezoelectric materials for energy harvesting in vibrating structures is one possible future trend in automotive industry. In this study, recent and the most common piezoelectric material applications in the literature were listed briefly to make clear of the mass of information about the piezo applications automotive industry in the literature.

Keywords: Automotive industry, piezoelectric ceramics, piezoelectric material applications.

* Corresponding author. Tel.: +90-224-3003561: fax: +90- 224-3003419 E-mail address: merve.altay@btu.edu.tr (M.Altay).

45

An Application for Industrial Quality Control with Machine Vision

E. Yiğit1,*, M. Caner Aküner

1Department of Mechatronics Engineering, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey

In the study, the part of the washing machine which is called as the key mouth of the motor drum is controlled by machine vision after the material removal. By detecting defective products in the production band, problems that may be encountered during installation are prevented.

Keywords: Machine vision, image processing, washing machine drum mill, quality control

automation.

* Corresponding author. Tel.: +90-216-336 5770/1653. E-mail address: enesyigittt@gmail.com (E. Yiğit).

46

Investigation of Fusel Oil as Alternative Fuel in Gasoline Engines

S. Simsek1,*, B. Ozdalyan2

1Department of Automotive Technology, Istanbul Aydin University, Istanbul, Turkey 2Department of Automotive Engineering, Karabuk University, Karabük, Turkey

Declining oil reserves and rising costs due to the development of technology and protection of national resources, fermentation alcohol production has become more and more important in direct and significant contribution to the country's economy. In this study, the effects of unleaded gasoline and improved fusel oil mixtures on engine performance and exhaust emissions have been experimentally investigated. In the experiments, a four-stroke, single-cylinder, spark-ignition engine was used. Engine tests were carried out at constant speed and at different loads. Test fuels were obtained by mixing fusel oil in a percentage of the gasoline. The performance values and emission values of the engine are measured under each load.

Keywords: Fusel oil, gasoline engines

* Corresponding author. Tel.: +90-212-444 1428/41003. E-mail address: sahinaltuntas@aydin.edu.tr (S. Şimşek).

47

Conservation of the Historical Environment under Earthquake Effect (Ayvacik Example)

A.R Parsa1,*, A.O. Kuruşcu2

1Department of Engineering and Architecture, Istanbul Esenyurt University, Istanbul, Turkey 2Department Architecture, Yildiz Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey

The land in which Turkey is located hosted many civilizations with a considerable number of historical environment and building stocks belonging to these civilizations. A part of these historical environment is in rural areas. February-March 2017 Ayvacik Earthquakes have affected a rural area that has been used by various civilizations with significant historical inventories. The earthquake caused a destruction in the historical environment, which has rich history in terms of animal husbandry, agriculture, carpentry, and at the same time, tourism potential. Becoming in a damaged condition of the rural settlements’ structures that make up the identity of the historical environment has damaged the rural life and economy on one side, and the sustainability of the historical environment on the other.

This study investigated the behavior of the damaged masonry structures affected by the mentioned earthquakes, and determined damage levels by the damage form and formulas prepared by the government. The study also applied a questionnaire consisting of different questions to find out how important for the users the architectural design of the rural buildings of Ayvacik in the seismic zone is. The study which followed these methods has developed suggestions for maintaining the sustainability of the historical environment affected by destruction, which is a significant contributor to the Turkish economy.

Keywords: Historical environment, earthquake, architectural design.

* Corresponding author. Tel.: +90-212-699 0990. E-mail address: alirizaparsa@esenyurt.edu.tr (A.R. Parsa).

48

The Optimization of Fuel Production with Pyrolysis Method from Hazelnut Shells

İ. Mutlu1, F. Aksoy1,*, F. Akbulut1, L. Aksoy2

1Department of Automotive Engineering, Faculty of Technology, Afyon Kocatepe University, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey 2Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Arts, Afyon Kocatepe University, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey

In this study, pyrolysis experiment setup was used to obtain energy source from organic wastes by pyrolysis method which is one of thermochemical transformation processes. Hazelnut shells evaluated as an organic waste were blended with rice husks at a certain rate by pyrolysis method and their yields were examined. After the hazelnut shells are made into very small pieces, experiments were carried out at 4 different temperature values (400, 450, 500, 550 °C) by keeping the heating rate (15 °C/min) and gas flow rate (1 L/min) constant. In the pure hazelnut shell pyrolysis, 500 g hazelnut shells were used for each experiment and the yields obtained at the determined temperatures were 7.96%, 10.13%, 11.28% and 10.07%, respectively. The highest yield for pure hazelnut shell was 11.28% at 500 °C. A total sample was taken as 300 gr for the blend made with rice husk and experiments were carried out by mixing 5%, 10%, 15%, 20% of rice husks. The product yields obtained at the determined temperatures were 9.65%, 11.9%, 17.66%, 11.64%, respectively. As a result of blending with rice husk, the optimum mixture was determined as 15.6% rice husk (45gr) and 85% hazelnut husk (255gr) as 17.66%.

Keywords: Hazelnut shells, pyrolysis, alternative fuel.

* Corresponding author. Tel.: +90-272-228 1447: fax: +90-272-228 1448. E-mail address: faksoy@aku.edu.tr (F. Aksoy).

49

The Fuel Production from Opium Poppy Residue with Pyrolysis Method

İ. Mutlu1, F. Aksoy1,*, F. Akbulut1, A. Çivi1

1Department of Automotive Engineering, Faculty of Technology, Afyon Kocatepe University, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey

Today, the progress of technology, population growth, human being's point of view towards the world increases day by day, while the reserves of fossil energy resources are rapidly decreasing. In this study, optimization of fuel production by the pyrolysis method from the poppy residue was carried out. The optimization experiments were carried out with 100 g of poppy residue by changing temperature, gas flow rate and heating rate. Productivities were determined as 19.9%, 25.2%, 21.1% and 19.2% in the experiments performed at 4 different temperatures (400, 450, 500, 550 °C). The optimum temperature has determined 450 °C. The results were examined by changing the gas flow rate (0.5, 1, 1.5 L/min) at the obtained optimum temperature. The results obtained were determined as 24.9%, 25.2% and 21.14%, respectively. Lastly, the fuel rate was determined as 25.2%, 25.8% in the experiments performed by changing the heating rate (10 °C/min, 15 °C/min). As a result of the experiments, optimum values were determined as 450 °C temperature, 1 L/min gas flow rate and 15 °C/min heating rate.

Keywords: Opium poppy, pyrolysis, alternative fuel.

* Corresponding author. Tel.: +90-272-228 1447: fax: +90-272-228 1448. E-mail address: faksoy@aku.edu.tr (F. Aksoy).

50

Biogenic Amine Formation in Seafood

Ü. Çiçek1, D. Çabuk2, G. Yildirim3,*

1,2,3Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Gaziosmanpaşa University, Tokat, Turkey

The biogenic amines are basically nitrogenous compounds which can be found in several foods. The high amounts of biogenic amines are produced during processing and storage of seafood as a result of microbial contamination and inadequate storage conditions. Microorganisms having decarboxylase enzyme activity convert amino acids to their respective biogenic amines. The effect of BAs on the human health was stated by many researchers. The consumption of foods having high levels of BAs may cause various types of foodborne diseases such as hypotension, migraine, nausea, diarrhea and abdominal cramps, etc. Histamine fish poisoning is an intoxication that can be cause by the consumption of many marine fish. Although many biogenic amines have been found in fish, only histamine, cadaverine, and putrescine have been found to be significant in fish safety and hygienic quality determination. The objective of this review is to describe the formation of biogenic amines in seafood.

Keywords: Biogenic amine, histamine, seafood, fish.

* Corresponding author. Tel.: +90-356-252 1616/2883. E-mail address: gkyrdlm@hotmail.com (G. Yildirim)

51

Innovations in Seafood Packaging: Intelligent and Active Packaging

Ü. Çiçek1, G. Yildirim2,*, D. Çabuk3

1,2,3Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Gaziosmanpaşa University, Tokat, Turkey

Seafood is an important food source in terms of protein, vitamin and mineral matter besides plant and animal products. However, it is necessary to prevent spoilage and to process valuable, healthy products. This could be possible by controlling hunting, transporting, processing and evaluating stages. The high content of unsaturated fatty acids and free amino acids, high pH value and water content are the main reasons for deterioration of seafood. Fermentation, drying and salting technologies are generally used for preventing seafood spoilage and also for producing new products. It is also possible to use active and intelligent packaging methods as packaging methods along with developing technology besides some preservation methods in order to slow down the deterioration process of the seafoods and to make consumption continuous. Intelligent packaging is a packaging method that informs the producer, the retailer and the buyer about the quality of the food, whether it is being properly treated at the storage, transport and sales stages. For this reason, physical, chemical, or biological changes that occur in food can be noticed before the sale of the product. Active packaging is a packaging system based on changing the packaging conditions in order to extend the shelf life of food, improve food safety and maintain sensory quality. By adding some nano additives into the packaging material, the atmosphere in the package is actively exchanged. This reduces the degradation reactions and prolongs the shelf life of the food. Since the aquatic products are among the food products which are very quickly deteriorated, the shelf life and quality of the products are very important for the consumer. The objective of The objective of this review is to describe the efficacy of intelligent and active packaging methods for seafood.

Keywords: Aquaculture, fish, active packaging, smart packaging.

* Corresponding author. Tel.: +90-356-252 1616/2883. E-mail address: gkyrdlm@hotmail.com (G. Yildirim)

52

An Image Processing Algorithm for Detection of Cracks in Civil Engineering Materials Under Loading Test

S. Okuyucu1,*, E. Gödek2

1Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Yaşar University, İzmir, Turkey 2Construction Technology Program, Technical Vocational Higher School, Hitit University, Çorum, Turkey

Formation of cracks is among the most concerning defects to occur in the body of cement based materials as it leads to increased stress due to a reduce in the effective loading area of materials which may eventually lead to the complete failure of the material. The detection and characterization of cracks under certain loading conditions are necessary as to estimate how well the material is likely to respond to in-service conditions. In this study, an image processing algorithm is proposed for the detection and characterization of cracks from high resolution images of Engineered Cementitious Composites under loading test. The implemented algorithm has been used for the detection of cracks from images taken from three point bending tests of prismatic ECC specimen which exhibit multiple cracking behavior with limited crack widths under external loads. The proposed algorithm is shown to be effective in the identification and characterization of cracks and perform well in the presence of bugholes along with cracks in the images.

Keywords: İmage processing, detection of cracks, civil engineering materials.

* Corresponding author. Tel.: +90-232-570 8284 E-mail address: serdar.okuyucu@yasar.edu.tr (S. Okuyucu).

53

Systems Engineering of METU Defocusing Beamline Project

G. Kılıçerkan Başlar1,*, M.B. Demirköz1, A. Avaroğlu1, M.S. Aydın1, B. Bodur1, D. Veske1, M. Yiğitoğlu1,

S.Uzun Duran1, S. Akçelik1, P. Uslu1, U. Kılıç1, E. Özipek1, S. Niğdelioğlu1, A. Yakşi1, R. Uzel1, İ. Şahin1

1Department of Physics, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey

METU-ESRAP group is working on construction of the METU-Defocusing BeamLine (METU-DBL) funded by Ministry of Development to perform Single Event Effect (SEE) radiation tests for the first time in Turkey. These tests are important for electronic components that will be used in space, medical and nuclear applications. METU-DBL (system) will be constructed in the R&D room of the Proton Accelerator Facility (PAF) located in Turkish Atomic Energy Authority’s (TAEA) at Sarayköy Nuclear Research and Education Center (SANAEM). The system requirements have been specified according to ESA-ESCC No: 25100 Standards which are for Single Event Effect radiation tests by proton irradiation. With consideration of these requirements, critical design of METU-DBL System has been completed, and the construction of a preliminary test setup has been started.

Keywords: Defocusing beamline project, SEE.

* Corresponding author. Tel.: +90-312-210 4334. E-mail address: gamze.kilicerkan@gmail.com (G. Kılıçerkan Başlar).

54

210Po and 210Pb in Mussel (Mytilus Galloprovincialis) from Çanakkale Coast with the Related Dose Assessment to the Coastal Population

S. Akozcan1, B. Coskun1,*

1Department of Physics, Faculty of Science and Letters, Kirklareli University, Kirklareli, Turkey

210Po and 210Pb were in the mussel (Mytilus galloprovincialis) collected from Çanakkalearea during 2010-2012. Estimation of 210Po and 210Pb were carried out using radiochemicalseparation and alpha spectrometric technique.

210Po activity concentrations in mussels were from 282±17 to 494±32 Bq kg-1 dry weightand 210Pb activity concentrations were from 20±5 to 42±5 Bq kg-1 dry weight. The estimatedconsequent annual effective ingestion dose due to 210Po and 210Pb from mussel consumption inÇanakkale coastal region were calculated. The highest annual effective ingestion dose due to 210Pb and 210Po for mussels consumed in Çanakkale is 3487 μSv and 170 μSv, respectively.

Keywords: Mussel (Mytilus Galloprovincialis), 210Po, 210Pb.

* Corresponding author. Tel.: +90-288-246 1734. E-mail address: burhan.coskun@klu.edu.tr (B. Coskun).

55

Surface Morphological Properties of Fe and Co doped ZnO thin films

B. Coskun1,*

1Department of Physics, Faculty of Science and Letters, Kirklareli University, Kirklareli, Turkey

In this study, % 3 Fe and Co doped ZnO thin films were grown by reactive RF Magnetron sputtering on p-Si substrate. The ZnO films were analyzed by XRD, SEM and UV techniques. The UX spectroscopy and XRD pattern of the ZnO film confirmed the chemical composition with obtained crystal cell parameters and optical band. SEM images indicate that the films are formed from the spherical grains The current-voltage and phototransient current measurements were performed to analyze the photoresponse properties of the diodes. The diodes exhibited a photodiode behavior with the obtained optoelectronic parameters. The obtained results indicate that the Zinc oxide on p-type silicon wafer based diodes can be used as a photosensor for solar tracking applications.

Keywords: ZnO thin film, XRD, SEM, UV.

Acknowledgement: This work was supported by The Management Unit of Scientific Research Projects of Kirklareli University (KLUBAP) under project 113.

* Corresponding author. Tel.: +90-288-246 1734. E-mail address: burhan.coskun@klu.edu.tr (B. Coskun).

56

AFM Acitvated Two Dimensional Si Nanoparticle Gas Model

B. Coskun1,*, M.M. Koç1,

1Department of Physics, Faculty of Science and Letters, Kirklareli University, Kirklareli, Turkey

Silicon nanoparticles were produced using gas aggregation method co-deposited with water in UHV conditions. Nanoprticle suspansion was diluted with Isopropanol(IPA) drop casted onto Highly Oriented Pyrolytic Graphite (HOPG). Results was investigated using non contact-AFM in UHV conditions. Series of scanning was performed on the surface in different temperatures. It was seen that the surface morphology was changed. The size of agglomerated islands, coverege of defects and size of ring like structures alters during scans. It was evidenced that scanning the surface with AFM tip casuse the alterations. It was also demonstrated that scanning the surface with AFM tip activates free nanoparticles deposited on surface and that behaves like two dimensional nanoparticle gas. Agglomeration of free nanoparticles on defects cause presseure change which leads expansions and size change in ring like nanostructures.

Keywords: Si nanoparticle, AFM, UHV.

* Corresponding author. Tel.: +90-288-246 1734. E-mail address: burhan.coskun@klu.edu.tr (B. Coskun).

57

Synthesis and Characterization of Sponge-like Chitosan Based Nanostructured Antibacterial Materials for Hemorrhage Control

O. Karal-Yilmaz1, *, A. Bal-Ozturk2, S. Aksu1, A. Tas1, Z. Adiguzel1, H. Olmez3

1Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Institute, TUBITAK Marmara Research Center, Kocaeli, Gebze, Turkey 2Faculty of Pharmacy, Istinye University, İstanbul, Turkey

3Materials Institute, TUBITAK Marmara Research Center, Kocaeli, Gebze, Turkey

Hemostatic agents are frequently used to improve survival and reduce the complications of blood loss, when hemorrhage is not managed by conventional techniques. Chitosan (CHI)-based biomaterials have become a new generation of promising local hemostatic agents. But, CHI alone does not show any antibacterial activity at neutral pH. To improve the antibacterial behavior, some external antibacterial agents have been incorporated into polymer network. For this purpose, zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles have fascinated researchers because of their good photocatalytic activity, high stability, antibacterial activity, and non-toxicity.

In this study, new sponge-like chitosan based nanostructured antibacterial materials were synthesized and characterized for the potential use in biomedical applications as the hemostatic agent. For this purpose, crosslinked CHI/Alginic acid hydrogels were firstly prepared by freeze-drying technique and, then a series of novel crosslinked CHI/Alginic acid/ZnO sponge like-nanocomposite hydrogels were prepared via the incorporation of ZnO nanoparticles into the polymer network to provide antibacterial activity against bacteria. The prepared hydrogels were characterized by FTIR, XRD and SEM analysis. The effects of amount of ZnO nanoparticles on the physicochemical characteristics of sponge-like nanocomposite hydrogels were evaluated by swelling ratio, cell viability, and antibacterial activity against gram positive and negative bacteria. Also, in vivo hemostatic efficacy of chitosan based hydrogels was investigated.

As a result, CHI/Alginic acid/ZnO sponge like-nanocomposite hydrogels were successfully prepared and the attendance of ZnO nanoparticles in polymer network actively prevented the proliferation of bacteria. In addition, it can be concluded that biocompatible, eco-friendly and cost-effective crosslinked CHI/Alginic acid/ZnO sponge like-nanocomposite hydrogels can be used for biomedical applications as the hemostatic agent.

Keywords: Chitosan hydrogels, ZnO nanoparticles, hemorrhage control.

* Corresponding author. Tel.: +90-262-677 3317. E-mail address: oksan.yilmaz@tubitak.gov.tr (O. Karal-Yilmaz).

58

Modeling of a Serial Hybrid Vehicle with HCCI Range Extender Engine

T. Kocakulak1,*, H. Solmaz1, H.S. Yucesu1

1Automotive Engineering Department, Faculty of Technology, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey

In this paper, a model of a serial hybrid electric car with a HCCI engine as range extender is designed on MATLAB/Simulink. First of all, the transmission of the vehicle is designed. The controlling strategy of electric motor (EM) which provides the moving force for vehicle is developed. Model of resistance forces which are effecting on vehicle are created. Model of battery and energy consumption has been created to allow the instantaneously monitoring of energy consumption and production on the vehicle. Finally, generator system (GENSET) model and controlling strategy are created. For electric motor and generator model, EM characteristic curves which operates with two different alternative currents are used. Charecteristic properties of “REMY” electric motor with model name of “HVH250” which can generate 320 Nm of torque at operation are utilizied. A HCCI engine map is used for modelling of internal combustion engine (ICE) which provides the moving force for generator. New European Driving Cycle (NEDC) and High Speed Cycle (US06) are used to test the model and determine the energy consumption. Technical properties like dimensions, aerodynamic properties, weight etc. of conventional “Civic” model of HONDA are used as simulation inputs. Fuel consumption after transformation into serial hybrid electric vehicle of this conventional vehicle is calculated by the help of simulation. A comparison is made between fuel consumption of this conventional vehicle and fuel consumption at urban, extra-urban, average and high speed conditions after transformation into serial hybrid electric vehicle. It is shown that serial hybrid electric vehicle with HCCI engine is 45,7% at urban fuel consumption (ECE-15), 2,7% at extra-urban fuel consumption (EUDC), 24,9% at average fuel consumption (NEDC) better than conventional vehicle.

Keywords: Serial hybrid vehicle, LTC, HCCI, range extender.

* Corresponding author. Tel.: +90-312-2028653/4217: fax: +90-312-2028639. E-mail address: toklgakk94@gmail.com (T. Kocakulak).

59

Aging Effects on Martensitic Transformation Temperature for CuAlMn Shape Memory Alloys

İ. Özkul1, K. Aldaş2, C. A. Canbay3,*

1Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Mersin University, Mersin Turkey 2Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Aksaray University, Aksaray, Turkey

3Department of Physics, Of Faculty of Science, Firat University, Elazığ, Turkey

Copper-based shape memory alloys are alternative alloys with a wide range of transformation temperatures that have the best properties against NiTi alloys [1]. It attracted the attention of many researchers and made progress on the way [1-7]. In this study, a copper-based shape memory alloy containing Mn element was studied. The alloys obtained in this work were subjected to aging at different temperatures. As a result of the experiments carried out, it is seen that aging is effected on the temperature of the martensite phase. These martensite phase transformation temperature values are plotted by graphs and mathematical models are created.

Keywords: Shape memory alloys, characteristic transformation temperatures, mathematical modelling.

* Corresponding author. Tel.: +90-424-237 0000/3743. E-mail address: caksu@firat.edu.tr (C. Aksu Canbay).

60

Mathematical Expression of Austenite Temperature Values of Aging Cu based Shape Memory Alloy

C. Aksu Canbay1, K. Aldaş2, İ. Özkul3,*

1Department of Physics, Of Faculty of Science, Firat University, Elazığ, Turkey 2Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Aksaray University, Aksaray, Turkey

3Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Mersin University, Mersin Turkey

The technological development of the shape memory alloys has been progressing since the 1960s. After that, classical materials were replaced by more intelligent materials and more talented products were formed [1]. NiTi alloy has very ideal mechanical properties but its production cost is very high. For this reason, the investigations have been directed to different alternative shape memory alloys [2-6]. Copper-based shape memory alloys are very promising alloys, and they can be a good alternative to NiTi alloys. Therefore, in this study, Mn addition alloyed Cu-Al alloy was studied. As a result of different aging studies on alloys, the temperature values of the austenite phase were obtained and plotted. The mathematical expressions were generated.

Keywords: Mathematical modelling, shape memory alloys, transformation temperatures.

* Corresponding author. Tel.: +90-324-361 0001/17447. E-mail address: iskender@mersin.edu.tr (İ. Özkul).

61

The Grey-based Taguchi method: Optimization of the Effects of Abrasive Waterjet Cutting Parameters on Kerf

M. Ay1,*

1Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Technology, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey

In this study, Inconel 718 material has been cut off with abrasive water-jet. This material is widely used in space aircraft and defence industry and difficult to be processed by traditional methods. The effects of cutting parameters which are pressure, cutting speed, abrasive consumption and cutting height on kerf have been studied. The input levels needed to be used to obtain the minimum kerf have been determined through Taguchi analysis and experimental test that is performed. In order to optimize the abrasive water-jet process, Grey Relational Analysis optimization method is used. The optimal machinability of Inconel 718 material with abrasive water-jet process is successfully determined in this study.

Keywords: Abrasive water-jet, Taguchi method, grey relational analysis.

* Corresponding author. Tel.: +90-216-336 5770/1310: fax: +90-216-337 8987. E-mail address: muay@marmara.edu.tr (M. Ay).

62

Synthesis of Bioceramics from Marine and Production of Black Brass Reinforced Nanofibers by Electrospinning Method

E.Bulus1.2,*, Y.M.Sahin2,3, A.Kuralay4, B.Bozdogan4, E. Dursun4, G. Tosun5

1Metallurgy and Material Technology Program, Institute of Science and Technology, Fırat University, Elazıg, Turkey 2ArelPOTKAM (Polymer Technologies and Composite Materials Research and Development Center), Istanbul Arel

University, Istanbul, Turkey 3Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering & Architecture, Istanbul Arel University, Istanbul,

Turkey 4Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences, Istanbul Arel University, Istanbul, Turkey

5Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Technology, Fırat University, Elazıg, Turkey

Black rice, which is rich in anthocyanins, vitamins and protein, has recently begun to be preferred. Black rice is an important source of special bone, nerve tissue, muscle work and heart health in the presence of more magnesium than white. Another difference of black rice is the high antioxidant value. Antioxidants strengthen the immune system and reduce the effects of aging. Antioxidants prevent DNA from being damaged, absorb harmful molecules in the body and slow the aging of the human body. Sea Chestnuts are the name of barbed sea creatures bound to the Echinoidea class. These creatures are found in the oceans around the world.

In this study, bioceramic synthesis from marine resources and black brass-reinforced polymeric nanofibers were produced by electrospinning method. Characterization studies of sensitized and produced materials were carried out. Characterization of materials can be used in various fields including biodegradable, antimicrobial food packaging material.

Keywords: Black rice, antioxidant, Sea Chestnut, DNA, chemical precipitation method, bioceramic, electrospinning, nanofibers, antimicrobial, food, packaging, biomaterial.

* Corresponding author. Tel.: +90-534-632 1017. E-mail address: erdibulus@arel.edu.tr (E. Bulus).

63

Regulation of Violacein Production by Synthetic Biology and Metabolic Engineering Approach

V. Celik Ozgen1,*, I. Pocrnja2

1,2Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Firat University, 23119 Elazıg, Turkey

Violacein is a purple indolocarbazole pigment and it is produced by some Gram-negative bacteria. Natural producers of violacein include the genera Duganella, Janthinobacterium, Pseudoalteromonas, etc. Among all violacein-producing bacteria perhaps the most attention was dedicated to the Chromobacterium genus and especially to the C.violaceum bacterial strain. The main five proteins that are involved in violacein production are VioA, VioB, VioC, VioD and VioE which are encoded by the five genes vioABCDE. Through the activities of these five proteins, two tryptophan molecules condense, thus forming violacein. Due to its color, violacein has many potential applications in food, textile and cosmetic industries. Violacein was also shown to have antibacterial, antiviral, antitumor, anticancerogenic, antimalarial and other properties which gave the pigment an important place in medical research.

However, low productivity of violacein by its natural producers has resulted in pigments’ difficult mass production. Therefore, using synthetic biology principles and metabolic engineering approach, a significant amount of research was done in order to investigate and regulate the violacein production. Synthetic biology seeks understanding and redesign of biological systems, while metabolic engineering approach helps us modify the metabolism of an organism, usually with the aim of increasing the production of a specific substance. As a result, scientists gained a better insight in the biosynthesis and properties of violacein, while enabling high-level production of this versatile pigment.

Keywords: Violacein, Chromobacterium, metabolic engineering, synthetic biology.

* Corresponding author. Tel.: +90-424-2370000/5559. Fax: +90-424-2415526. E-mail address: venharcelik@gmail.com (V. Celik Ozgen)

64

High Performance Carbonaceous Material for Environmental Application: Adsorption Isotherm of Tetracycline Antibiotic

H. Sayğılı1,*, F. Güzel2, G. Akkaya Sayğılı2

1Department of Petroleum and Natural Gas Engineering Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Batman University, 72100 Batman, Turkey

2Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Education, Dicle University, 21280 Diyarbakır, Turkey

Tetracyclines (TCs) are extensively used for human therapy and the livestock industry for their antimicrobial activity against a wide variety of bacteria. Due to their low cost, TCs are also used as a food additive to enhance the growth rate of animals. TCs are released into the environment by water discharges from the manufacture and formulation of drugs, animal farms and disposal of unused or expired pharmaceutical products. Most of the TCs (50–80%) administered to livestock are excreted through the feces and urine as unmodified parent compounds. As a result, TC residues are commonly found in wastewater treatment plants.

Adsorption from pharmaceutical manufacturing wastewater or remediation of the contaminated environment using activated carbon (AC) is more practical, lower in cost, more efficient and a more environment-friendly approach, compared to the previously described methods of TC removal. However, commercially available ACs are very expensive. Therefore, in recent years, various kinds of AC have been prepared from low-cost precursor materials, which are predominantly biomass wastes.

The main objective of the present work was to investigate the performance of a novel carbonaceous material (GPAC) under optimum preparation conditions from grape (Vitis vinifera) processing waste (GP) by ZnCl2 activation for adsorption isotherm of TC from aqueous solution. To understand the interaction between the TC and GPAC, two conventional isotherm models, namely Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models, were used to analyze the equilibrium data. The best fit model was selected based on R2 values. According to calculated isotherm parameters, high R2 values obtained from isotherm models revealed that the equilibrium data fit the Langmuir model under optimum conditions. The maximum qm obtained from the Langmuir equation was found as 625 mg/g at pH 5.7 and 35°C.

Keywords: Grape processing waste, activated carbon material, tetracycline; adsorption isotherms.

* Corresponding author. Tel.: +90-488-217 3500/3770: fax: +90-488-217 3601. E-mail address: hasan.saygili@gmail.com (H. Sayğılı).

65

Motorcycle Tire Design and FEM Analysis

Ö.Şengül1,*, M.Kurt2, B.Mutlu3, G Atakök4

1Institute of Pure and Applied Sciences, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey 2,3,4Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Technology, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey

It has great importance to restructure the production systems of the tires of wheels, which are considered to be one of the most important discoveries of human history and which are vital tasks of a complex but seemingly simple but technologically advanced in various sectors, in terms of sustainability. At the same time, there is a need for academic work in tire design and manufacturing.

The tire industry has made great strides in the last century, especially in the automotive industry, as a result of the developments of various fields such as business machines, agricultural and military equipment.

Nowadays, it is important that the tires of two-wheeled vehicles with high performance that are increasingly used have appropriate technical features. The demand for radial tire with longer life, superior braking safety and lower fuel consumption is increasing day by day compared to the crossed tire.

In this study, 120/70 R 16 sized tire design with intensive usage and Finite Element analysis was done.

Keywords: Motorcycle tire, finite elements analysis.

* Corresponding author. Tel.: +90-553-635 7884 E-mail address: omersengullll@hotmail.com (Ö.Şengül).

66

67

Synthesis, Spectroscopic Characterization and DFT Studies of Cu(II)-Furosemide Complex

B. İlhan-Ceylan1,*, O. Bölükbaşı2, A. Yılmaz2, B. Ülküseven1

1Department of Chemistry, Engineering Faculty, Istanbul University, 34320, Istanbul, Turkey 2Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Istanbul University, 34134, Istanbul, Turkey

There is a limited number of studies involving the spectroscopic and spectral properties of the metal complexes of the furosemide molecule. Furosemide (4-chloro-2-(furan-2-ylmethylamino)-5-sulfamoylbenzoic acid) is one of the most effective potent diuretic drug available exerting its action on the loop of Henle, which is a portion of the nephron, and functioning the regulation of sodium and water balance of the organism; furosemide actually induces a total sodium chloride and water loss. This diuretic loop is commonly used for the treatment of cardiac failure, renal diseases and congestive hypertension. Copper(II) complexes of organic compounds containing nitrogen, sulfur, and oxygen donor atoms have shown activity in the presence of oxygen, antimicrobial, antitumor, DNA cleavage and ascorbic acid oxidation. Investigation of the structure-function relationship in biological molecules at the molecular level is very important in determining the mechanism of action of drugs. One of the experimental disadvantages of bioinorganic studies is the preparation of synthetic compounds as water-soluble complexes, which are usually insoluble in water, the usual biological medium. Most of the ligands specially designed for water solubility contain hydrophilic groups such as carboxylate or sulfonate moieties. It is also expected that the metal complexes to be obtained due to the presence of the sulfonate group in the structure of the furosemide compound are also water-soluble.

In this study, Cu(II) complex of furosemide molecule used in the treatment of hypertension was synthesized. Molecular structure and vibrational waves were determined using both experimental and theoretical methods. The new compound was characterized by using elemental analysis, UV-Vis, Mid-IR, and spectroscopic techniques. Optimized geometries and vibrational wavenumbers of the complex was calculated with DFT / B3LYP functional with LANL2DZ basis set. Obtained molecular features are molecular symmetry, bond length, inter-bond openings, physical and chemical properties of molecules, bond forces, intramolecular and intermolecular interactions.

Keywords: Furosemide, copper (II) complex, DFT.

* Corresponding author. Tel.: +90-212-473 7070/18060. E-mail address: beril@istanbul.edu.tr (B.İlhan-Ceylan).

68

The Project of Ultra-Activated Metal Powders Production for 3D Metal Printers

Ö. Güler1,*, S.H. Güler1, M. Taşkın1

1Department of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, Engineering Faculty, Mersin University, Mersin, Turkey

In today's popular 3D printers, the writing of polymer-based materials can be accomplished intensively successfully. In 3D printers, metal writing is limited at the moment. Because, 3D metal printersa are expensive. The high melting point of metals is the biggest obstacle in front of 3D metal printers widespread.

The aim of this project, instead of replacing the equipment in 3D printers, metal which was reduced the melting point is to produce and use it in 3D printers. Thus, expensive equipment is not required in order to melt high melting point metals and also such a write operation can be performed using cheaper 3D printers. During this project, one or more materials with high melting point (such as Steel) will be worked for their production. After research-development works to be done, the change in melting point of the material with respect to the processing time and type of process will be examined. Possible manufacturing difficulties that will arise during the writing of the material to be obtained with the 3D printer will be identified and corrected. After the appropriate process parameters have been determined, production system will be established, for 3D printers, the production of reduced-point metal will begin.

Keywords: 3D printer, metal powder. Acknowledgment: This study was presented as project suggestion in Mersin University 2017

R & D Project Market.

* Corresponding author. Tel.: +90-324-361 0001. E-mail address: oguler@mersin.edu.tr (Ö. Güler).

69

Production of Activated Carbon from Plant Wastes for Advanced Technology Applications

Ö. Güler1,*, S.H. Güler1, M. Taşkın1

1Department of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, Engineering Faculty, Mersin University, Mersin, Turkey

Active carbon is a material with versatile absorption properties. The main reason for this being a good absorbent material; high surface area, micro porous structure and the surface reactivity is in very high levels. In this project, rather than conventional activated carbon production, activated carbon will be produced with local plant wastes in our country.

The main theme of the project is; is the production of nano-sized activated carbon for use in our defense industry. But; the classical activated carbon will emerge as an intermediate product during the realization of this production. In this project; It consists of four basic steps; first step; For the production of activated carbon, a suitable reactor will be designed to produce high yield products. Second step; The ideal production parameters for active carbon production will be determined using the designed and manufactured rector. Third step; by using plant waste raw materials, the most appropriate raw material selection will be made considering the price / productivity ratio for active carbon production. Fourth step; The obtained activated carbon will be subjected to further processing to become nano-sized, and the activity will be increased to bring the adsorption properties to the highest level.

Keywords: Activated carbon, Plant wastes. Acknowledgment: This study was presented as project suggestion in Mersin University 2017

R & D Project Market.

* Corresponding author. Tel.: +90-324-361 0001. E-mail address: oguler@mersin.edu.tr (Ö. Güler).

70