2016년 민주노총 요구와 과제

2016. 4.

글 순서

제 1장 2016년 주요 정세 전망 ············································································ 13

제 2장 2016년 민주노총 제도개선 요구 ····························································· 26

Ⅰ. 노동개악 불법지침 폐기 ······························································································ 26

1. ‘쉬운 해고’ 불법 지침 폐기 ······························································································· 26

2. ‘맘대로 취업규칙 변경’ 및 ‘낮은 임금’ 불법지침 폐기 ······················································ 28

3. 위법한 단체협약 시정지도 중단 ························································································ 31

4. 공공부문 성과 · 퇴출제 중단 ···························································································· 34

5. 위법 행정지침 폐기 및 행정지침에 대한 입법적 통제 ······················································ 35

Ⅱ. 노동기본권 보장 ․ 노조탄압 금지 ·············································································· 381. 공무원․교사․교수 노동기본권 보장 ······················································································ 382. 복수노조 자율교섭 보장 ·································································································· 42

3. 산별교섭 제도화 및 공공부문 대정부교섭 보장 ·································································· 44

4. 부당노동행위 근절 ············································································································ 49

5. 전임자 임금 노사자율 결정 ····························································································· 53

6. 단체협약 일방해지권 제한 ································································································ 56

7. 파업권 보장 ···················································································································· 57

8. 노조활동에 대한 손해배상 및 가압류 청구 금지 ································································ 61

9. 필수유지업무 관련 조항 삭제 ···························································································· 64

10. 노동자 정치활동 보장 ··································································································· 67

11. 공공기관 정상화대책 및 기능조정 철회 ·········································································· 71

12. 노동위원회 독립성․전문성 강화 ························································································ 7113. ILO 핵심협약 즉각 비준 ································································································ 73

14. 노동조합 활동으로 인한 해고자 원직복직 및 원상회복 ····················································· 75

Ⅲ. 비정규직 권리보장 및 정규직 전환 ··········································································· 79

1. 비정규직 권리보장 노동관계법 전면 재개정 ····································································· 79

2. 기간제 사용사유 제한 및 상시·지속업무 정규직 고용원칙 제도화 ······································· 83

3. 간접고용 노동기본권 보장 및 불법파견 금지 ····································································· 85

4. 특수고용노동자 노동기본권 보장 ······················································································· 88

5. 차별금지, 동일노동 동일임금 명문화 및 초단시간 노동자 권리보장 ··································· 90

Ⅳ. 고용안정 보장 ····························································································· 93

1. 정리해고(경영상 해고) 금지 및 요건 강화 ········································································· 93

2. 상시지속업무 정규직 직접고용 ························································································ 97

3. 시간제 일자리 확대 저지와 고용의 질제고 ······································································· 99

4. 노동시간 단축과 일자리 확충 ·························································································· 102

5. 학대해고, 일터괴롭힘 방지 ····························································································· 105

6. 좋은 일자리 창출 고용정책 기조 전환 ············································································· 107

Ⅴ. 민영화저지와 사회공공성 강화 ································································· 109

1. 의료 민영화 저지와 의료공공성 강화 ·············································································· 109

2. 국민연금 기금운용본부 공사화 저지 및 공적연금 강화 ····················································· 114

3. 공공기관 기능조정 방안 폐기 및 수서발 KTX의 철도공사 재통합 ····································· 117

4. 보육·교육 재정 확충 및 공공성 강화 ··············································································· 119

5. 재벌 부당이익 환수 및 부자증세를 통한 조세정의 실현 ··················································· 125

Ⅵ. 이주노동자 노동기본권 보장과 고용허가제 폐지, 노동허가제 도입 ·············· 130

1. 고용허가제 폐지, 노동허가제 도입 ················································································ 130

2. 사업장 이동의 자유보장 ·································································································· 133

3. 이주노동자 퇴직금 출국 후 수령제도의 폐지 ··································································· 134

4. 농축산 이주노동자 근로기준법 적용제외 개정 ································································· 135

5. 이주노조 노조활동 및 노동3권 보장 ················································································ 137

6. 미등록 이주노동자 단속중단 ··························································································· 138

7. 출입국관리법 개정 ·········································································································· 140

Ⅶ. 건강한 일터, 안전한 사회·········································································· 141

1. 중대재해 기업 처벌 특별법 제정 ··················································································· 141

2. 위험의 외주화 금지 및 하청산재 원청 책임강화 ······························································ 149

3. 메탄올 중독사고 대책 수립 및 파견 확대 입법 추진 중단 ················································ 156

4. 감정노동자 권리 찾기 입법 ····························································································· 159

5. 사업장 안전보건관리 강화 및 생명안전 일자리 창출 ························································ 166

6. 산재보험 적용대상 및 인정기준 확대 ············································································· 170

7. 산재은폐 근절 ················································································································ 177

8. 공공안전 대책 수립 ········································································································ 182

9. 생명안전 노동자․시민 참여 보장 ······················································································ 191

Ⅷ. 자본의 권리 무한 확대하는 자유무역협정 중단 : 환태평양경제동반자협정(TPP)

가입추진 중단 ······························································································ 197

Ⅸ. 성별 격차 없는 좋은 일자리 ······································································ 201

1. 성별 임금격차 극복 ········································································································ 201

2. 노동시간 단축으로 경력단절 예방 ··················································································· 203

3. 직장 내 성폭력 대응 강화 ······························································································· 204

[부록1] 민주노총 근로기준법 개정안························································· 206

[부록2] 민주노총 노동조합 및 노동관계조정법 개정안······························· 223

제 3장 2016년 민주노총 단협 요구안 ············································· 240

Ⅰ. 2대 불법지침 및 단체협약 시정지도 대응요구············································ 240

Ⅱ. 주요 요구 모범 단협안 ·············································································· 270

1. 복수노조 자율교섭·산별교섭 보장 ···················································································· 270

2. 비정규직 정규직 전환·차별철폐와 노동기본권 보장 ·························································· 280

3. 통상임금 정상화 ············································································································· 301

4. 실 노동시간 단축 ·········································································································· 321

5. 노동자건강권 및 노동안전 보장 ····················································································· 334

6. 성 평등 실현 ·················································································································· 365

7. 기업의 사회적 책임과 노동조합의 경영참가 ····································································· 380

8. 해고노동자 원상회복 및 복직 ·························································································· 393

9. 장애인 차별금지 ············································································································· 394

제 4장 2016년 민주노총 임금요구안 ··············································· 397

1. 최근 임금 동향과 문제점 ································································································ 398

2. 민주노총 임금정책 개요 ·································································································· 409

3. 민주노총 표준생계비와 조합원 임금 실태 ········································································ 412

4. 2016년 임금인상 요구안 : 정규직·비정규직 등 전체 노동자 ‘동일 금액 요구안’ ············· 414

5. 직무·성과주의 임금체계 및 임금피크제 저지! 통상임금 정상화! 포괄임금 폐지! ················ 419

[부록3] 2016년 민주노총 표준생계비 해설서 ············································· 423

제 5장 2016년 민주노총 최저임금 요구안 ····································· 462

1. 2017년 적용 최저임금 요구안 ······················································································· 463

2. 요구 배경 ······················································································································· 472

3. 최저임금 대폭인상의 효과 ······························································································· 484

4. 사업장 단위 최저임금 1만원 요구 제시 ··········································································· 487

5. 산별최저임금 협약 및 지역생활임금 쟁취 ······································································ 488

6. 제도개선 요구 ················································································································ 489

[부록4] 2016년 민주노총 20대 총선 20대 요구안······································ 496

표 차례

[표-1] 공공부문 성과 · 퇴출제 추진 상황 및 내용 ·································································· 34

[표-2] 한국정부의 공무원노조 및 전교조 단결권 침해에 대한 ILO의 최근 조치 ························· 40

[표-3] 현행 노조법상 소수노조에 보장되지 않는 권리 ······························································ 42

[표-4] 노동위원회를 통한 부당노동행위 인정율 현황(단위 : 건) ··············································· 50

[표-5] 부당노동행위 고소․고발 사건 처리 현황(단위 : 건수) ····················································· 52[표-6] 복수노조 사업장에서 제기한 부당노동행위 사건 현황(단위 : 건수, %) ··························· 52

[표-7] 근로시간 면제제도 도입에 따른 노조 전임자 변화 현황 (2013. 5. 6). ··························· 54

[표-8] 주요국가의 전임자 임금지급 기준 및 현황 ···································································· 55

[표-9] 민주노총 사업장 대상 연도별 손해배상 청구액 ······························································ 62

[표-10] 민주노총 사업장 손해배상 및 가압류 청구 현황 (2015. 3월 기준) ······························· 63

[표-11] 필수유지업무 결정 신청 접수․처리 현황 (단위 : 건) ····················································· 64[표-12] 철도파업에서 나타난 대체인력 투입 사례 (2013. 12.) ················································· 66

[표-13] 박근혜 정부 공공부문 정상화 대책 주요 내용 ······························································ 69

[표-14] ILO 가입국 비준 협약 수 ···························································································· 74

[표-15] 최근 6년간 주요 노동현안 관련 부당해고 등 구제신청 처리 현황 (단위 : 건수) ··········· 76

[표-16] 2011년 7. 이후 유성기업에서 진행된 조합원 징계 처분 ·············································· 77

[표-17] 비정규직 노동기본권 보장을 위한 노동관계법 전면 재개정 민주노총 요구 ···················· 82

[표-18] 공공기관 전체 비정규직 규모 변화 추이 (명) ····························································· 83

[표-19] 특수고용노동자 입법안 국회발의 현황 ········································································· 89

[표-20] 국가별 균등대우(동일가치노동 동일임금) 현황 ····························································· 91

[표-21] 박근혜 정부의 의료민영화 관련 추진 현황 ······························································· 110

[표-22] 건강보험 진료건수 및 입·내원일수 증가율(2012~2015년, 단위 : %) ························· 112

[표-23] 국민연금 수급률 및 급여율 전망 (단위 : 명, %) ······················································· 115

[표-24] 교육단계별 GDP 대비 공교육비 구성(2012) (단위: %) ············································· 119

[표-25] 연도별 사교육비 현황 ······························································································· 120

[표-26] 급별 설립자별 학교 수(단위 : 개소) ·········································································· 120

[표-28] 어린이집 연도별 설치. 운영 현황 ············································································ 123

[표-28] 어린이집 일반 현황 (2014년 기준) ············································································ 123

[표-29] 2014년도 OECD 주요국의 국민부담률 (단위: %) ······················································ 125

[표-30] 우리나라 직접세 및 간접세 비중(2014년 기준. 단위 : 억 원) ···································· 125

[표-31] 법인세율 변동 추이(단위: %) ···················································································· 126

[표-32] OECD 주요국가의 국가재정 소득재분배 개선 정도 비교(2012년 기준) ····················· 127

[표-33] 2012-2014년 국세 예산 및 세수 실적 비교 (단위: 조원) ·········································· 128

[표-34] 연도별 지방자치단체 재정자립도(일반) 추이 (단위 : %) ··········································· 128

[표-35] 노동부 산재통계 자료 취합 (노동부, 근로복지공단 통계 인용 분석) ··························· 142

[표-36] 10년간 산재사망 50대 기업 노동부 통계 취합 분석(단위 : 명) ·································· 143

[표-37] 산재사망 처벌현황 ···································································································· 144

[표-38] 영업정지 요청 결과 ······························································································· 145

[표-39] 재난사고 처벌현황 ·································································································· 146

[표-40] 청해진해운 처벌현황 ······························································································· 147

[표-41] 해외의 기업처벌법 현황 ···························································································· 147

[표-42] 재벌기업 비정규직 규모 (2015년 3월 현재) ······························································ 151

[표-43] 원청업체의 하도급 이유 ·························································································· 152

[표-44] 고용형태별 사고발생 비율 비교. ·············································································· 156

[표-45] 감정노동과 인사고과 연계 ······················································································ 161

[표-46] 감정노동 종사자 건강실태 조사결과 (2013년, 2,668명 응답) ····································· 161

[표-47] 사업장 규모별 매출액 대비 안전보건 지출 비중 ························································ 166

[표-48] 2013 노동부 고용노동통계 기준 안전보건관리자 선임 비율 (단위 : 명, %) ··············· 168

[표 49] 안전보건관리자 선임 및 위탁 대행 현황 (단위 : 개소, 명 괄호 안 300인 이상) ········ 168

[표-50] 안전보건관리 위탁 대행 현황 ···················································································· 169

[표-51] 산재보험과 해외 근재보험의 차이 ············································································· 172

[표-52] 산재발생 보고의무 위반 적발 현황(2014년 국정감사) ················································ 179

[표-53] 산재은폐 적발건수 및 조치결과 분석 ······································································· 179

[표-54] 산재통계 기준 변경전후 산재사망 숫자. 노동부. 근로복지공단 통계 분석 ··················· 180

[표-55] 코레일 선로보수작업 사망사고. 언론보도 취합 ··························································· 183

[표-56] 서울메트로 안전업무 외주화 ······················································································ 184

[표-57] 최근 3년간 스크린도어 장애접수건수 및 고장건수 ····················································· 185

[표-58] 인천 국제공항 외주화 업무(2013년 1분기) ······························································ 187

[표-59] 확진 유형 및 사망자 현황 (단위 : 명, %) ································································· 188

[표-60] 주요 석유화학단지 현황 ···························································································· 188

[표-61] 최근 화학물질 등 각종 사고 현황 . 언론보도 취합 ·················································· 189

[표-62] 세계 주요 도시 교통관리체계와 노조참여 ·································································· 195

[표-63] TPP 협상경과 ··········································································································· 198

[표-64] 2015년 성별 근로별 (비정규직) 취업 형태 (단위 : 천명) ··········································· 202

[표-65] 시간제 일자리 임금 격차 추이 (단위 : 만원) ····················································· 202

[표-66] 공공기관 전체 비정규직 규모 변화 추이 (명) ····························································· 291

[표-67] 금속노조 이주노동자 관련 단체협약 조항 (2008~2009년) ········································· 299

[표-68] 각 국가별 유급휴일과 유급휴가(단체협약기준) ··························································· 326

[표-69] 한국의 연차휴가 소진 ······························································································· 327

[표-70] 프랑스의 근로시간 단축에 따른 지원금(단위: 1인당 프랑/연간) ·································· 331

[표-71] 감정노동이 많은 직업 상위 20개. ········································································ 335

[표-72] 감정노동을 많이 수행하는 직업 30선 ······································································ 336

[표-73] 노사 주요 주체별 감정노동 교육 진행 사업장 현황 (2009∼2014) ····························· 341

[표-74] 확진 유형 및 사망자 현황(단위 : 명, %) ································································· 344

[표-75] 2015년 7월5일 현재 메르스 사업장 발생 현황. 사업장 보고 및 언론보도 취합 ·········· 346

[표-76] 기업의 사회적 책임에 관한 국제 기준 비교 ······························································· 385

[표-77] 최근 10년 간 경제지표와 조사별 명목임금인상률 추이와 격차(단위 : %, %p) ········· 399

[표-78] 글로벌 금융위기 이후 경제성장률과 실질임금인상률 추이와 격차(단위 : %) ··········· 400

[표-79] 2000년 이후 노동소득분배율 추이(단위: %) ···························································· 403

[표-80] 재벌 사내유보금 증가 추이(단위 : 십억 원, %) ······················································· 404

[표-81] 경제주체별 소득증가율(단위 %) ··············································································· 405

[표-82] 연도별 저임금 계층 비율(단위: %) ·········································································· 406

[표-83] 최저임금 노동자 추이(단위: 천명, %) ······································································· 407

[표-84] 연도별 정규직과 비정규직 평균임금 및 임금격차 추이 (단위 : 만원) ························ 408

[표-85] 대․중소기업 임금격차 추이(상용직 월 임금총액 기준, 단위: 천원) ····························· 409[표-86] 민주노총 임금요구율과 경제지표 전망치 비교(단위: %, %p) ····································· 411

[표-87] 2016년 가구 규모별 비목별 표준생계비 (단위 : 원) ·················································· 412

[표-88] 2015년 민주노총 조합원 생활·임금 실태조사 결과 ··················································· 413

[표-89] 통계청 및 고용노동부 관련 통계 ······················· 413

[표-90] 국제금융위기 이후 5인 이상 사업체 상용직 임금증감 추이 ········································ 414

[표-91] 민주노총 표준생계비와 임금의 비교(단위 : 명, 원) ···················································· 415

[표-92] 민주노총 표준생계비 충족률별 임금인상요구액 (단위 : 원, %) ································· 418

[표-93] 공익위원 조정안 마련 과정에서 실제 활용된 지표 관련 최근 사례 ··························· 464

[표-94] 최저임금 미만을 받는 근로자의 가구주와의 관계(단위:%) ·········································· 467

[표-95] 가구별 가구원 수·소득자 수 관련 통계(단위 : 명, %) ················································ 467

[표-96] 각 임금수준별 근로자의 가구 내 지위별 분포 ···························································· 468

[표-97] 미혼단신근로자 생계비 대비 최저임금 수준(단위 : 원, %) ········································· 469

[표-98] 가구원수별 평균 생계비 통계(단위 : 원) ·································································· 470

[표-99] 분위수별(4분위 ~ 7분위) 가계지출 추정 평균값(단위 : 원) ······································· 470

[표-100] 1인 가구 가계지출과 최저임금 비교(단위 : 원, %) ················································ 474

[표-101] 가구원수별 생계비 관련 통계(단위 : 원, %) ···························································· 475

[표-102] 가구 수에 따른 가계지출(단위 : 원, %) ·································································· 475

[표-103] 2014년 임금통계 개요 ···························································································· 476

[표-104] 1988~2015년 평균임금 대비 최저임금 추이 ···························································· 476

[표-105] 최저임금미만 노동자 추이(단위 : 천명, %) ···························································· 479

[표-106] 2000년 이후 노동소득분배율 추이(단위: %) ·························································· 480

[표-107] 소득분배율 지표 추이(단위: %, 배, 원/시간) ··························································· 482

[표-108] 지니계수 추이 ······································································································· 483

[표-109] 2012~2014년 5분위 배율(단위 : %) ······································································· 483

[표-110] 연도별 저임금 계층 비율(단위: %) ········································································ 485

그림 차례

[그림-1] 중국 내수시장에 대한 수출금액/수출국의 GDP ························································· 16

[그림-2] 국내기업 매출액 증가율(단위 : %) ············································································ 16

[그림-3] 실질임금과 노동생산성추이(왼쪽), 가계소득 증가율과 평균소비성향 추이(오른쪽) ······· 17

[그림-4] 기업 매출액영업이익률 추이(왼쪽)와 업종별 한계기업 비중(오른쪽) ·························· 18

[그림-5] 비정규직 규모 (단위 : %) ························································································· 19

[그림-6] 신규채용청년층 중 비정규 비중 ················································································· 19

[그림-7] 초기업노조의 조합원과 비율 추이(단위 : 명, %) ························································ 45

[그림-8] 교섭창구 단일화로 인한 금속노조 중앙교섭 감소 현황 ··············································· 46

[그림-9] 부당노동행위 접수건수 대비 인정건수 연도별 추이(단위 : 건수) ································· 51

[그림-10] 외상 후 스트레스 고위험군 사업장 비교 ·································································· 77

[그림-11] OECD 주요 국가 산재 사고사망 (십만 명당 산재사고 사망, 2012년. ) ················· 143

[그림-12] 은폐된 사내하청 산재 및 사내하청 노동자 재해율 상위 10대 기업 ······················ 149

[그림-13] 주요 직종별 감정노동자 규모 및 비율(2011) ·························································· 159

[그림-14] 국내 주요 서비스산업 작업장 모니터링 시행 여부 의견(단위: %) ··························· 160

[그림-15] 전국 지하철 민간위탁 비율 ···················································································· 184

[그림-16] 3개 업종 제조원가에서 차지하는 수선비 비중 추이(단위: %) ·································· 190

[그림-17] 교대제 개선의 목표 ······························································································· 330

[그림-18] 서비스연맹 산하 LVMH 사업장 감정노동 대응 매뉴얼(노사합의) ·························· 340

[그림-19] 실질임금과 실질 노동생산성 추이 ·········································································· 401

[그림-20] 노동소득분배율 추이 ······························································································ 403

[그림-21] 고용형태별 저임금노동자 규모(2015.8. 기준). ························································ 406

[그림-22] 최저임금 미달자(단위: 천명, %) ··········································································· 407

[그림-23] 설문결과 : 최저임금으로 생활 충분여부(단위 : %) ··············································· 465

[그림-24] 설문결과 : 최저임금을 결정할 때 가장 먼저 고려되어야 할 것(단위 : %) ············· 466

[그림-25] 평균임금 대비 최저임금 비율 ················································································· 477

[그림-26] 최저임금의 절대수준에 대한 국제비교(2014년) ······················································· 478

[그림-27] 최저임금의 상대수준에 대한 국제비교(2013년) ······················································· 478

[그림-28] 최저임금 미달자 ···································································································· 479

[그림-29] 노동소득분배율 추이(단위 : %) ············································································· 481

[그림-30] 최저임금 영향율 ···································································································· 486

[부록] 2016년 민주노총 표준생계비 해설서

[표-1] 응답자별 거주 지역 분류(단위: 명,%) 424

[표-2] 가구규모별 대표가구 구성 ··························································································· 425

[표-3] 가구 규모별 표준생계비(2014년 11월 물가 기준, 단위: 원) ········································· 425

[표-4] 2016년 가구 규모별 비목별 표준생계비 (단위 : 원) ···················································· 425

[표-5] 2015년~2016년 가구별 표준생계비 총액 비교(단위 : 원) ············································ 426

[표-6] 가구 규모별 비목별 표준생계비 구성 비중(단위 : %) ·················································· 426

[표-7] 민주노총 표준생계비와 임금의 비교(단위 : 명, 원) ······················································ 427

[표-8] 표준 식료품비 산정 시 고려한 영양소 ········································································· 429

[표-9] 1인 가구의 남녀별 1일 영양섭취기준 ········································································ 430

[표-10] 2인 가구의 가구원별 1일 영양섭취기준 ··································································· 430

[표-11] 3인 가구의 가구원별 1일 영양섭취기준 ··································································· 431

[표-12] 4인 가구(1)의 가구원별 1일 영양섭취기준 ······························································· 431

[표-13] 4인 가구(2)의 가구원별 1일 영양섭취기준 ······························································· 432

[표-14] 4인 가구(3)의 가구원별 1일 영양섭취기준 ······························································· 432

[표-15] 표준 식료품비에 사용된 104개 식품 및 음식물(2016년 시장물가조사 항목) ··············· 434

[표-16] 영양소별 영양섭취기준에 대한 섭취비율(단위 :%, 괄호 안은 표준오차) ····················· 434

[표-17] 전체 표준가구 규모별 영양소별 권장량 ····································································· 435

[표-18] 가구 규모별 가정식 비용(외식이 없는 경우, 단위 : 원) ············································· 436

[표-19] 가구주 외식에 따른 외식비용 및 가정식 절감비용(단위 : 원) ··································· 437

[표-20] 가족단위 외식에 따른 외식비용 및 가정식 절감비용(단위 : 원) ································ 437

[표-21] 학생급식비용 및 가정식 절감비용(단위 : 원) ··························································· 438

[표-22] 가구규모별 월 식품료비(단위 : 원) ·········································································· 438

[표-23] 주거형태 및 가구규모별 주거비 지출 ········································································· 440

[표-24] 가구규모별 기타 주거비 산출내역 ············································································· 441

[표-25] 가구규모별 주거비(단위 : 원) ···················································································· 442

[표-26] 가구규모별 광열·수도비(단위 : 원) ············································································ 442

[표-27] 가구·가사·집기비 세목별 품목 수(단위 : 개) ······························································ 443

[표-28] 가구규모별 가구보유 모형 ························································································· 443

[표-29] 가구규모별 가전제품 보유모형 ·················································································· 444

[표-30] 가구규모별 부엌용품 보유 모형 ················································································· 445

[표-31] 가구규모별 가사소모품 보유 모형 ············································································· 446

[표-32] 가구규모별 침구직물제품 보유 모형 ·········································································· 447

[표-33] 가구규모별 아동용품 보유 모형 ················································································· 447

[표-34] 가구·가사·집기비 ····································································································· 447

[표-35] 성인 남성의 피복구입 모형 ······················································································· 448

[표-36] 성인 여성의 피복구입 모형 ······················································································· 448

[표-37] 중고생 피복구입 모형 ······························································································· 449

[표-38] 아동용 피복구입 모형 ······························································································· 450

[표-39] 가구별 세탁수선비 기준 ···························································································· 450

[표-40] 가구별 피복비 합계(단위 : 원) ·················································································· 451

[표-41] 고등학생 공교육비(단위 : 원) ···················································································· 451

[표-42] 과외활동 모델 (단위 : 원) ························································································ 452

[표-43] 가구별 교육비 합계(단위 : 원) ·················································································· 452

[표-44] 가구규모별 월 평균 치량 유지비(단위 : 원) ······························································· 453

[표-45] 가구규모별 월 평균 교통비 지출금액(단위 : 원) ························································ 454

[표-46] 가구규모별 월 통신비(단위 : 원) ··············································································· 454

[표-47] 가구규모별 월 평균 교통통신비 지출금액(단위 : 원) ·················································· 455

[표-48] 가구규모별 이·미용서비스 모형 및 월평균 지출금액(월 기준, 단위 : 회, 원) ·············· 455

[표-49] 이미용품 품목 모형(단위 : 개) ·················································································· 456

[표-50] 가구규모별 월 평균 보건의료비 지출(단위 : 원) ······················································· 457

[표-51] 가구규모별 월 평균 보건위생비 지출 총액(단위 : 원) ············································· 457

[표-52] 가구규모별 교양오락비 모형(단위 : 회) ····································································· 458

[표-53] 가구규모별 기타 잡비 모형(단위 : 회) ······································································· 458

[표-54] 가구규모별 월 평균 교양오락 및 잡비 지출 총액(단위 : 원) ··································· 459

[표-55] 조세 및 사회보장분담금 산출내역 ············································································· 459

[표-56] 가구규모별 조세공과금(단위 : 원) ············································································· 460

제1장 2016 정세전망 │ 13

제 1장 2016년 주요 정세 전망

[정치] 박근혜 정권에 대한 심판으로서의 4.13 총선

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일방적 독주가 심화되어 왔음. 소위 친박 중심의 전횡이 정치와 경제, 사회 전반에서 관

철되어 왔음. 정치권력 내부에서 비박 찍어내기는 심화되어 왔으며, 심지어 국회와 정치

권 전체를 겨냥한 낙인찍기까지 진행되어 왔음. 경제정책 면에 있어서도 소위 4대 개혁

을 비롯하여 ‘초이노믹스’로 통칭되는 박근혜 스타일의 일방적 경제 전망과 자의적 처방

이 주류화되었음. 전 사회적으로도, 역사교과서 국정화 강행, 일본군 위안부 문제 야합,

11.14 민중총궐기의 폭력 탄압과 이후 이어지는 공안 정국 조성까지 거칠 것 없는 행보

를 이어왔음.

○ 박근혜 정권은 4.13 총선을 박근혜에 의한 국회 심판, 정치권 심판으로 몰아갔고, 야권

의 분열과 외견상 총선정국을 관통하는 대안 프레임의 미흡 등은 대부분 새누리당 압승

의 전망을 예측하였음. 물론 박근혜 정권에 대한 높은 사회적 분노와 최근의 경제 상황

에 대한 대중적 상실감이 총선 결과에 대한 다른 예측의 근거로 작동되기도 하였음.

○ 4.13 총선은 19대에 비해 높은 투표율을 보였음. 요컨대 방송사 출구조사 결과는

2~30대의 상대적으로 높아진 투표참여, 5-60대의 투표율 저하와 소폭 상승의 특징을

보였음. 젊은 층의 투표참여 제고의 요인으로 일자리, 실업, 최저임금 문제 등을 꼽고

있음.

○ 총선 결과 여소야대 국회가 구현되었음. 특히 탄핵정국과 같은 돌발변수의 영향을 제외

하고 새누리당 계열 정당이 1당 지위를 잃은 것은 1987년 이래 처음임. 그만큼 이번 총

선의 의미는 심대. 경제, 사회, 정치 전 분야에 걸친 박근혜 정권의 실패에 대한 대중적

분노가 총선 결과로 드러난 것으로 볼 수 있음. 특히 2015년 내내 지속된 총파업 및 민

중총궐기 국면을 통한 반박근혜 투쟁으로의 대중적 결집과 반박근혜 전선에 대한 대중

적 공감대에도 기인하고 있음.

14 │2016 민주노총 요구와 과제

○ 그러나 더민주당의 우경화, 기존 여야 구도 속의 중도를 표방하는 국민의당의 제3당으

로의 원내교섭단체 진입 등은 이러한 민의를 반영하는 국회가 실현될 것이라 기대하기

힘들게 하고 있음. 특히 박근혜 대통령의 첫 공식 발언은 “노동개혁 반드시 추진”이었

음. 또한 주요 보수 언론 역시 소위 노동개혁 추진을 비롯하여 경제정책 상의 ‘후퇴’가

있어서는 안된다는 주문을 넣고 있기도 함.

○ 결과적으로 박근혜 정권의 노동에 대한 공세가 외형적으로 후퇴할 가능성은 높지 않으

며, 오히려 정국 돌파용 희생양 만들기의 일환으로서의 소위 노동기득권, 귀족노조 강변

이나 노동조합 책임론, 민주노총 때리기를 지속할 가능성이 있음. 노동개악 관철 기도는

이러한 이데올로기적 공세의 주요한 요소가 될 수 있을 것임. 특히 경제 상황의 악화로

인한 제조업 전반의 구조조정이 예상된다는 점에서 현장에서의 민주노조 위축을 노리는

제반 공세는 지속될 가능성이 있음.

○ 제도권의 진보정치는 일정한 타격을 받았다고 볼 수 있음. 총선 정국의 주요 변수도 되

지 못했으며, 민중총궐기에 이어 총선투쟁에 있어서의 반박근혜 전선으로 결집한 총선공

투본 내에서조차 야권연대에 대한 이견이 있었을 정도로 진보정치의 독자성이 일정한

논란의 대상이 되고 있음. 원내 진입에 성공한 진보정당의 노동자후보가 비례대표 후순

위로 선출될 정도로 노동자 중심성 역시 상대적으로 약화되고 있는 것으로 보임. 아울러

진보정치의 제도권 진입 확대와 기반 공고화를 위해서는 선거제도 전반의 개혁이 반드

시 필요함이 확인되고 있음.

○ 지역구 전략후보들의 총선투쟁에서 보여지듯이 노동개악 세력 심판, 3대 핵심 요구 등

을 전면에 건 현장투쟁의 조직화로 선거 시기 대중투쟁의 전형을 창출했던 점은 성과적

으로 평가되고 계승되어야 할 것이며, 지역구 전략후보 3인의 당선에서 보듯이 진보정

치의 단일 대오 형성, 조직적 지지의 뒷받침 등을 전제로 한 진보정치의 활로는 일정하

게 확인되고 있음. 또한 이러한 맥락에서 민주노총의 정치방침의 시급한 수립과 구체적

인 형태의 단일 방침의 제출이라는 요구가 보다 강화될 것으로 보임.

○ 결론적으로 이번 총선은 한국사회의 변화에 대한 대중의 열망을 보여준 것이라 볼 수

있음. 그러나 정치권이 이를 수용하고 실현할 가능성은 높지 않으며, 여기에 민주노총을

비롯한 대중운동의 과제가 놓여있을 것임. 총선에서 드러난 바 박근혜 정권의 실정 심판

제1장 2016 정세전망 │ 15

과 정국 변화에 대한 대중적 열망을 구체적 시대정신으로 구현해낼 수 있는 대중운동의

전진이 없이는 노동자 민중의 요구가 전면화되는 2017년 대선을 기대하기는 힘들 수

있음.

○ 민주노총은 이번 총선 결과로 드러난 대중적 분노와 변화에 대한 기대심리를 대중적

실천의 조직화를 통한 우선입법과제 제시, 정부 정책 변화는 물론 정치권력 및 경제권력

의 재편으로까지 나아가는 동력으로 구체화시키고 실물화시켜 내야하는 과제를 안고 있

음. 특히 세월호특별법 문제와 노동개악법안 등의 쟁점법안을 둘러싼 정치권 내부의 합

의 추진 움직임은 이번 총선 결과를 끌어낸 반박근혜 전선의 누수를 불러올 수도 있다

는 측면에서 시급한 대응이 요구되고 있음.

[경제] 경기 침체 장기화: 저임금, 고실업, 저성장 지속

1) 전 지구적 경제 침체

○ 2015년 12월 미국의 연방준비제도이사회(FRB, 연준)는 지난 7년여에 걸친 제로금리 시

대를 끝내고 기준금리인 연방기금 금리를 0.25% 인상했으며 2016~17년에도 몇 차례에

걸쳐 지속적으로 금리를 인상할 계획임을 밝혔음. 금리 인상의 공식적 근거는 미국 경제

의 회복이요, 그 수치적 기반 중의 핵심은 실업률 하락임. 하지만 실업률 하락에도 불구

하고 고용률은 회복되지 못하고 있으며, 경제활동 참가율 역시 2009년 1월 65.8%에서

2015년 10월 62.4%로 하락세를 면치 못하고 있음.

○ 미국 경제의 외적인 회복세와 함께 세계 경제 역시 완만한 회복 징후를 보이고 있기는

하지만 저성장 국면을 탈피하지 못하고 있음. 미국 경제의 회복세에도 불구하고 부채에

의존한 소비로 지탱되고 있다는 점에서 ‘부채에 의해 추동되는 성장’을 벗어나지 못하고

있음을 보여주고 있으며, 세계 경제의 회복 징후 역시, 신흥국의 경제 침체에도 불구하

고 선진국들의 양적 완화, 재정 투입으로 지탱되고 있다는 점에서 저성장의 근본 원인으

로서의 과잉생산과 부채에 의해 추동되는 성장을 벗어나지 못하고 있음. 특히 선진국들

의 경제 회복이 제한적인 상황에서 중국산 제조업에 대한 수요가 줄어들고, 이것이 다시

대중국 수출에 의존하는 나라들의 경제를 침체시키는 연쇄작용을 불러일으킴.

16 │2016 민주노총 요구와 과제

○ 중국의 산업생산과 소매판매, 고정

자본투자 모두 둔화 추세에 있으

며, 자동차 판매, 전력소비, 철도

운송량 모두 부진한 상황. 미국 금

리 인상은 이러한 추세를 더욱 강

화하고 있으며, 대규모 자본유출

우려도 높아지고 있는 상황. 이렇

게 중국 경제 성장세가 둔화하고,

미국이 금리를 인상하고 있는 상황

은 한국 등 신흥국 경제에 주는 충격이 막대할 것. 특히 상대적으로 내수가 취약하고 무

역의존도가 높은 한국 경제의 경우 세계 경제 침체가 주는 영향이 심대할 것으로 예측

되며, 특히 중국발 충격에 그대로 노출될 것.

2) 저성장, 고실업이 고착화되는 한국 경제

○ 한국 경제는 2014년 사상 최초로

제조업 총매출액이 감소를 기록했

음. 이는 1998년 IMF 외환위기,

2008년 금융위기 때에도 없었던

일로서, 제조업과 서비스업을 아우

르는 ‘전 산업 매출액 증가율’도 사

상 최저치를 기록했음. 한국 경제

의 성장 전망에 대해 비관적 예측

이 속출하고 있으며, 가계부채 급

증과 내수 부진, 기업투자 부진, 고용확대 부진 등이 예상되고 있는 상황.

○ 2016년 한국 경제전망 관련, 정부는 3%대 성장을 자신하고 있지만, 대부분 기관의 전

망은 부정적, 대다수가 2%대를 예상하고 있으며, 이는 수출 감소와 중국의 경기 둔화

예상에 기인하고 있음. 국제신용평가사 역시 대중국 수출의 대폭 감소, 민간 투자나 내

수를 통한 충당 난망 등을 근거로 경제성장률 하락을 점치고 있음.

[그림-1] 중국 내수시장에 대한 수출금액/수출국의 GDP

[그림-2] 국내기업 매출액 증가율(단위 : %)

제1장 2016 정세전망 │ 17

○ 2008년 금융위기 이후 한국 제조업의 노동생산성 증가율 속도는 같은 기간 실질임금

상승률의 5배에 이름. ‘임금 없는 성장’ 추세가 이어지고 있으며, 소비여력 위축과 소득

양극화, 이에 따른 성장 저하의 악순환의 고리를 낳고 있음.

* 자료 : 한국금융연구원 * 자료 : 통계청

[그림-3] 실질임금과 노동생산성추이(왼쪽), 가계소득 증가율과 평균소비성향 추이(오른쪽)

○ 지난해 3분기 기준 가계의 실질 월평균 소득은 401만1326원으로 전년 같은 기간(401

만2028원)에 비해 감소함. 가처분 소득 증가률은 0.2%에 그쳐 같은 기간 실질 경제성

장률(2.7%) 수준과 큰 차이를 보임. 어떤 의미로든 경제 성장의 성과가 가계로 충분히

배분되지 않고 있음을 의미 가계 평균소비성향은 사상최저를 기록. 통계가 집계되기 시

작한 2003년 이후 12년 만에 가장 낮은 수준임.

3) 구조조정 본격화 전망

○ 소위 노동개혁 정국이 지속되고, 이러한 소위 노동개혁 자체가 당면한 경제 위기에 있

어서의 자본의 이윤 보전 책동의 일환이라는 점에서, 현장에는 정리해고 도입 이후에 맞

먹는 현장 구조조정 국면이 도래할 가능성이 높음.

- 이자보상비율(영업이익/이자비용)이 3년 연속 1배 미만인 한계기업(좀비기업) 비중은

2009년 12.8%에서 2014년 말 15.2%로 늘었고, 잠재적 한계기업은 73%를 넘는 상황.

- 조선, 운수, 철강, 기계 등에서 한계기업이 급증했으며, 최근 급증하고 있는 기업 공시

위반은 향후의 구조조정 추세를 반영하는 것으로 예측됨.

18 │2016 민주노총 요구와 과제

* 자료 : 한국은행 * 2009년과 2014년 비교

[그림-4] 기업 매출액영업이익률 추이(왼쪽)와 업종별 한계기업 비중(오른쪽)

○ 특히 신용등급과 상관없이 기업들로 하여금 선제적, 자율적 구조조정을 할 수 있도록

해주는 소위 원샷법(기업활력제고를위한특별법)이 국회를 통과했음. 이 법을 통해 기업은

상시적 구조조정에 따르는 시간과 비용을 절감할 수 있게 되며, 새누리당의 언급처럼“고

용승계 절차에 묶여” 사업재편, 구조조정이 신속히 진행되지 못하는 상황에 대한 타개책

이 될 수도 있을 것임.

[동북아/한반도] 냉전적 긴장 고조

○ 사드(고고도미사일방어망) 배치 논란과 함께 한반도를 둘러싼 국제적 긴장이 높아졌으며,

보다 강화된 수준의 한·미 합동 전쟁연습이 강행되고 한·미·일 군사동맹의 강화가 가시

화되면서 동북아시아의 한·미·일-북·중·러 간의 긴장과 대립은 냉전 수준을 방불케 할

정도로 고조되고 있음.

○ 이러한 대립 구조의 강화는 외적으로 미국의 동북아 전략에 대한 한국의 종속 강화,

미·중 간 대결 구도 속의 한반도 전쟁 위협 제고 및 한·중 간 정치, 경제적 균열 심화로

귀결될 가능성이 높음. 하지만 내적으로는 수구보수층 결집, 공안권력 강화, 내부적 갈

등의 외부적 돌파구 조성 등의 부가적 효과를 낼 것.

제1장 2016 정세전망 │ 19

[노동] 비정규직 확산, 노동에 대한 공세 심화, 공안탄압 : 자주적 민주

노조운동의 토대 위협

1) 비정규직 확산, 격차 확대, 처우 후퇴

○ 2015년 8월 실시한 통계청의 경제활동인구조사 부가조사에 따르면 비정규직 규모는

868만명(임금노동자의 45%)에 이름. 정부의 자체 집계 방식으로도 사상 최대인 630만

명에 육박했음. 정규직 대비 월 평균임금 격차도 49.8%로 전년에 비해 확대되었으며,

역시 정부 방식으로도 54%로 사상 최저를 기록했음. 비정규직의 여타 처우 역시 후퇴

했음. 국민연금 가입률은 1.5% 하락했고, 고용보험(-1.3%) 건강보험(-0.9%) 가입률도

동반 하락했음.

* 자료 : 한국노동사회연구소

[그림-5] 비정규직 규모 (단위 : %)

20 │2016 민주노총 요구와 과제

○ 청년층의 비정규직 비중 역시 64%로 8년

전에 비해 10% 높은 수준을 기록했으며, 전

체 청년 임금근로자의 비정규직 비중도 2015

년 35%로 상승함.

○ 기업 규모, 노조 조직화 여부, 정규직/비정규

직 등에 따라 노동자간 격차는 지속적으로 확

대되고 있음. 특히 소위 노동시장 구조개악이

현장까지 본격적으로 밀어닥칠 것으로 예상되

는 2016년, 보호기제가 취약한 미조직, 비정규 노동자들의 노동조건의 급격한 악화가

우려되고 있음.

2) 노동에 대한 공세 심화

○ 노동개악 불법행정지침 발표 이후 노동현장에 대한 자본의 공세가 강화되고 있음. 특히

현대자동차 판매 부문의 저성과자 찍어내기는 저성과자들을 드러내고 일반해고까지 가

능할 수도 있는 징계수순을 밟아나갈 것임을 노골적으로 밝히고 있음. 대자본이 앞장서

총대를 메고 외곽부터 쳐나가기 시작하고 있음을 명확히 보여주고 있는 것임.

○ 고용노동부는 작년 6월의 ‘매출액 상위 30대 대기업 단체협약 실태분석’에 이어 올해

3,000개 기업의 단체협약에 대한 실태조사를 마무리하고 3월 28일 ‘노조의 인사․경영권 간여’ 문제를 집중 부각시키고 있음. 특히 소위 ‘고용 세습 실태’ 조사 결과를 여기에 포

함시켜 소위 ‘귀족 노동자’, ‘노동 기득권’ 등을 전면에 내세우고 ‘고임금 대공장 정규직

노동자와 비정규직 및 청년’의 부당 대립 구도를 강화해나가고 있음.

○ 총선 정국에서 이러한 노동에 대한 이데올로기적 공세는 심화될 것으로 보이며 총선

결과에 따라 법제도적 완성은 물론 노동 현장에 대한 전면적인 공격이 본격화될 것임.

현장에 대한 노동개악 공세는 구조조정, 노동 탄압과 결부되어 현장의 노조 활동 제약과

극심한 위축을 야기시킬 수도 있는 상황임. 현대차 자본의 유성기업 민주노조 파괴 공작

과 고 한광호 동지의 불의의 죽음이 시사하는 바는 총자본의 대노동 공세가 물리적 우

* 자료 : 한국노동연구원

[그림-6] 신규채용청년층 중 비정규 비중

제1장 2016 정세전망 │ 21

위는 물론 법제도적 뒷받침과 함께 경제위기에 대한 노골적인 비용 전가와 이윤 보전

기도와 맞물려 극단적인 상황으로 치달을 수 있음을 여실히 보여주는 것임. 이러한 공세

심화 국면 속에 현장의 소강상태 타개와 본격적인 반격 기반 조성을 위한 적극적 조직

화와 전선의 집중이 요구되고 있음. 이같은 맥락 속에서 현장토론과 노동절대회 조직화

및 이어지는 현장순회에 대한 조직적 역량 투여가 요청됨.

3) 공안 탄압 격화

○ 작년 11.14 민중총궐기를 빌미로 정부는 민주노총 침탈, 한상균 위원장 등 총연맹 간

부들의 잇단 구속, 500여명에 이르는 소환 등으로 물리적 탄압을 격화시키고 있음. 또

한 전교조에 대한 법외노조 확정 판결과 뒤이은 전임자 해고, 계좌 압류까지 이어지면서

자주적 민주노조운동에 대한 고사 책동을 더욱 강화하고 있음. 이러한 공세는 전체 민주

노조운동을 겨냥해 총선 정국은 물론 이후 국면까지도 계속될 것으로 예상되고 있음.

○ 화물연대 풀무원분회 투쟁에 대한 대량 구속 사태, 동양시멘트지부 조합원들에 대한 법

원의 편파적 실형 선고, 건설노조 타워크레인분과 조합원들의 노조 활동에 대한 악의적

왜곡을 통한 노조 간부 집단 구속 기소 등 역시 이러한 민주노조운동의 위축과 고립화

를 노리는 공안 탄압의 연장선 상에 있음.

○ 민주노총을 비롯한 민중운동 진영에 대한 공안탄압은 심화되는 경제 위기에 대한 사전

정지 작업이라는 측면에서 내년까지 지속될 가능성이 높으며, 특히 4월 총선, 2017년

대선을 앞두고 사회 전반의 이데올로기적 양분 기도를 뒷받침하게 될 것.

○ 특히 박근혜 정권과 새누리당은 현재의 노동개악, 민주노총 탄압 국면을 총대선까지 아

우를 수 있는 쟁점으로 이어갈 것으로 보이며, 이러한 탄압과 함께 현장에서의 노골적인

민주노조 파괴 책동이 구조조정 국면 도래와 함께 현실화될 가능성이 높음.

22 │2016 민주노총 요구와 과제

[주체] 노동개악·구조조정 저지와 민주노조 사수, 경제위기에 맞선 노동

조합의 역할이 요청되고 있음.

1) 총전선의 재구축 : 현장투쟁의 집중과 대정부/대자본 총력 투쟁, 연대전선의

강화가 요청됨.

○ 소위 노동시장 구조 개혁은 심화되고 있는 경제위기에 대처하는 총자본의 이윤 보전책

이자 책임과 비용의 전가를 위한 해결책으로 제시되고 있음. 공안 탄압은 이러한 맥락에

서 경제실패, 민생파탄의 박근혜 정권과 재벌 경제체제에 대한 저항의 핵심 동력으로서

의 민주노조운동에 대한 정지작업임.

○ 작년 11.14 민중총궐기를 통한 대규모적 저항 전선의 가시적 구축은 민주노조운동 진

영에 일정한 자신감과 연대 강화의 필요성에 대한 공감대를 형성할 수 있게 해주었음.

또한 2015년 전반에 걸쳐 이어온 노동개악 저지 총파업 전선으로 개악법안과 정부지침

의 연내 처리를 막아내는 성과를 확인할 수 있게 하였음.

○ 1월 초부터 파상적으로 전개되고 있는 공공부문에 대한 공세는 공직사회 성과주의 도

입을 위한 국가공무원법 개정 발의 결정, 공공기관의 성과연봉제 확대 결정, 전교조 법

외노조화 확정 판결 등으로 이어지면서 노동개악, 노동탄압의 선도적 전달체로서의 공공

부문을 주목하게 만들고 있음.

○ 심화되는 경제위기 하 자본의 공세는 한편으로는 책임과 비용의 전가를 위한 노동개악

공세의 강화와 또 한편으로는 구조조정 전면화로 드러나고 있음. 소위 원샷법으로 대표

되는 법제도적 특혜도 이러한 추세를 강화시켜주고 있으며, 제조업을 필두로 한 산업 현

장 전반에 구조조정과 노동개악, 공안탄압을 통한 민주노조 고립화 등의 3중 공격이 가

해지고 있는 형국임.

○ 친일 미화, 개발독재 찬양의 역사교과서 국정화, 정권 친위 세력으로의 언론 장악, 세

월호 참사 진상 규명 외면, 집회와 시위에 대한 노골적인 제약, 한일 우익정권 간의 일

본군 위안부 문제 야합 등은 민주주의 후퇴를 표상하는 극적인 시도들임. 하지만 이러한

제1장 2016 정세전망 │ 23

책동들이 상기한 경제위기, 민생파탄, 노동개악의 이데올로기적 외피로 작동하고 있으

며, 이데올로기적 양분을 목표로 의도적으로 전개되고 있다는 점에서 개별적 저항이 아

닌 총전선의 구축이 절실히 요청되고 있음.

○ 특히 이와 같은 반노동, 반민생, 반민주 움직임에 대한 가장 핵심적인 저항 세력으로서

의 민주노총은 이러한 맥락에서 당면한 노동개악 저지 투쟁을 경제위기 심화, 민생탄압,

민주주의 후퇴에 대한 전민중적 저항과 결합시켜야 하는 과제를 부여받고 있음. 또한 이

는 노동개악 저지 투쟁이 전민중적 투쟁 의제와 결합하지 않고서는 ‘노동’만의, 혹은 ‘조

직된 노동’만의 개별화된 투쟁으로서는 결코 승리를 담보해내지 못한다는 점을 방증하고

있는 것이기도 함.

2) 노동개악 저지 투쟁 전선의 확대

○ 노동개악 저지 투쟁은 따라서 전체 노동자의 요구에 기반한 투쟁으로, 또한 심화되는

경제위기에 맞선 대안을 모색하는 투쟁으로 확산되어야 함. 이는 첫째, 미조직 비정규

노동자들에 대한 전략조직사업의 전면화로서, 노동조합이, 민주노총이 모든 노동자들의

희망과 대안으로 부각되어야 한다는 것을 의미함. 둘째, 2015년 투쟁의 성과를 이어받

아 경제위기 하 최저임금 1만원 쟁취 투쟁의 사회적 확산과 실효적 대안으로 제시하는

것이 요청되고 있음. 셋째, 현재의 경제위기 심화가 재벌주도, 재벌중심의 경제정책 실

패에 기인하는 것으로서, 재벌 책임의 전면화, 재벌 중심 산업정책의 전환을 위한 대중

적 투쟁이 요구되고 있음을 의미함.

○ 2016년 제조업 사업장을 중심으로 재벌 책임 전면화를 요구하는 투쟁이 준비되고 있

으며, 임단투 시기집중 투쟁과 결합하여 단위 현장의 요구에 기반한 실질적인 투쟁으로

조직되어야 한다는 공감대가 확산되고 있음.

○ 2015년 최저임금 1만원 쟁취 투쟁은 국민임투로서의 성격을 담보해내면서 사회적 주

목도를 높여낸 바 있음. 2016년 심화되는 경제 위기 속에, 저임금 노동자, 청년 노동자,

알바 노동자를 위한 실질적 대안으로서 최저임금 1만원 쟁취 투쟁의 사회적 기반을 강

화해야 한다는 필요성이 제기되고 있음. 특히 민주노총 단위 현장의 요구와 결합되는 최

저임금 1만원 쟁취 투쟁을 통해 사회적 캠페인을 넘어서는 실질적 국민임투로서 총노동

24 │2016 민주노총 요구와 과제

의 대표로서의 민주노총의 위상과 역할을 제고시키게 될 것이며, 노동개악 저지 투쟁의

사회적 지지기반으로 작동하게 될 것임.

○ 단위 현장까지 밀어닥치고 있는 노동개악은 구조조정 공세와 결부되어 현장의 투쟁역

량과 조직력을 시험대에 올리고 있으며, 이에 고립화된 개별 대응이 아닌 총노동 차원의

총전선으로의 집중이 더욱 요청되고 있음. 2016 시기집중 임단투 총파업은 따라서, 현

장의 노동개악 저지 투쟁의 총집중과 최저임금 1만원 쟁취 투쟁의 실질화, 재벌책임 전

면화 투쟁의 사회적 기반 구축으로 총결집하는 노동개악 저지 2016 총파업, 총력투쟁의

총전선 수립으로 귀결되어야 함.

3) 민중총궐기와 민중연대 전선 강화

○ 2015년 민중총궐기는 노·농·빈 대중조직을 중심으로 한 대규모적 저항 전선의 구축의

가능성과 자신감을 열어주었음. 2016년은 그 성과를 계승 발전시켜, 실질적인 민중연대

투쟁 전선의 복원의 기반을 강고히 해야 하는 과제를 노정하고 있음.

○ 이는 특히 민주노총의 노동개악 저지 투쟁 전선의 사회적 지지기반으로 작동할 것이며,

민주노총의 주도적 역할 속에 반노동, 반민생, 반민주 세력에 맞선 총선 투쟁의 승리는

물론 2017년 대선에 이르는 정치권력 재편기 속의 민중운동 진영의 강화와 재구축으로

이어져, 노동자 민중의 생존권 요구 실현의 토대로 작동하여야 할 것임.

4) 조직혁신 전략의 현장 공감대 구축

○ 민주노총 창립 20년을 맞아 현장과 함께 만들어가는 새로운 20년에 대한 기대와 요구

가 제출되고 있음. 또한 현 시기는 2016~2017 정치권력 재편과 경제위기 심화 속의 대

안 요구가 상충하는 시기임.

○ 민주노총의 새로운 20년은 지난 20년의 총화를 넘어, 이러한 변화의 시기 속에, 민주

노총의 조직구조, 재정혁신, 조직강화, 전략조직화는 물론, 총노동 차원의 고용과 임금,

교섭, 투쟁, 연대 전략 전반에 대한 조직혁신 전략이 제출되어야 하며, 현장의 풍부한

토론과 강고한 공감대 속에 추진되지 않으면 안되는 절체절명의 시기를 맞이하고 있음.

제1장 2016 정세전망 │ 25

26 │2016 민주노총 요구와 과제

제 2장 2016년 민주노총 제도개선 요구

Ⅰ. 노동개악 불법지침 폐기

핵심요구1. ‘쉬운 해고’ 불법 지침 폐기

2. ‘맘대로 취업규칙 변경’ 및 ‘낮은 임금’ 불법 지침 폐기

3. 위법한 단체협약 시정지도 중단

4. 공공부문 성과 · 퇴출제 중단

5. 위법 행정지침 폐기 및 행정지침에 대한 입법적 통제

1. ‘쉬운 해고’ 불법 지침 폐기

현황과 문제점

○ 박근혜 정부의 ‘쉬운 해고’ 지침강행

- 정부는『공정인사 지침: 직무능력과 성과 중심의 인력운영을 위한 가이드 북』(16.1.22)

을 통해 성과주의 인사체제 재편, 즉 저성과자 해고 또는 ‘쉬운 해고’ 추진.

- 이 지침은 근로계약의 시작부터 종료까지, 즉 근로계약의 체결(채용)부터 근로계약의 해

지(해고)까지 인사의 전 과정을 직무능력 및 성과 중심 패러다임으로 개편하는 것을 목

적으로 함. ‘직무능력과 성과중심의 인력운영’이라는 기조 하에 채용, 인사평가, 보상관

리(임금체계), 교육훈련과 배치전환, 퇴직관리 등 인사관리 전반을 성과주의에 기초하여

개편하고, 특히 근로계약 해지(해고) 역시도 직무능력과 성과 중심의 인력운영이라는 기

제2장 2016 민주노총 제도개선 요구 │ 27

조 하에 포섭하려고 시도.

- 정부는 ‘법과 판례에 따라 근로계약 해지의 기준과 절차를 구체적으로 명확히’ 하기 위

해 『가이드북』을 발간한다고 밝히면서 통상해고에 관한 법리를 자의적으로 해석한 뒤

‘업무능력 결여, 근무성적 부진 등을 이유로 한 해고’를 통상해고에 포함. 『가이드북』

은 해고 사유에 따라 해고 유형을 통상해고, 징계해고, 경영상 해고로 구분한 뒤, 통상

해고를 “사용자가 ‘근로자의 근로계약 상의 근로제공 의무를 이행하지 못함’을 이유로

근로자를 해고하는 것”으로 정의하고 통상해고에 해�