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AGUASANCommunity of Practice
Implementing the Water Goal -SDG in Practice
Results from the 32nd AGUASAN Workshop
June 26th to July 1st 2016, Spiez, Switzerland
Bern, September 14th 2016
32nd AGUASAN Workshop
The water goal
Means of Implementation
Country cases
Results
Annex
AGUASANCommunity of Practice
Background: the AGUASAN Community
• AGUASAN is an interdisciplinary
Swiss Community of Practice (CoP)
that brings together a broad range of
specialists to promote a deeper
understanding of water and sanitation
issues in developing and transition
countries.
• Since 1984, the CoP provides an
exemplary exchange platform and constitutes an essential link to the
innovation and knowledge management strategy of the Swiss Agency for
Development and Cooperation (SDC).
• Besides convening quarterly knowledge sharing events, members of the
AGUASAN CoP organise annual international AGUASAN workshops to
collectively reflect and exchange experiences on cutting-edge topics of the
water sector.
• These workshops build on the broad knowledge of the present participants
to create outputs of practical use for development work and sector
interventions at local, national and global level.
Img. 1: Participants of the 2016 AGUASAN Workshop
32nd AGUASAN Workshop
Background
About the workshop
The water goal
Means of Implementation
Country cases
Results
Annex
AGUASANCommunity of Practice
About the Workshop and its Participants
• The 32nd AGUASAN workshop was jointly organised by seecon gmbh and
the AGUASAN steering committeeI and addressed the topic “Implementing
the Sustainable Development Goal on Water and Sanitation”.
• The event was joined by 55 participants from 27 countries (1/3 women); 20
of which contributed input presentations on key topics, country cases or
practice examples.
• Most participants represented NGOs, followed by Swiss Development
Cooperation (SDC) Offices and private companies. Government and
Academia had fewer representatives (see Img. 2).
32nd AGUASAN Workshop
Background
About the workshop
The water goal
Means of Implementation
Country cases
Results
Annex
Img. 2: Segmentation of participants by target group
NGO
Govt. Org.
Private company
SDC Cooperation Office
Academia
Other (SDC Global Programme Water, SDC-funded
project, INGO)
AGUASANCommunity of Practice
Objectives and Expected Outputs
• The overall objective of the workshop was to exchange and
generate knowledge that better prepares water and sanitation
practitioners and policy makers for the implementation of the
Sustainable Development Goal on Water and Sanitation (SDG#6).
• Specifically, the workshop aimed to:
build a common understanding of SDG#6 and its targets, their
interdependencies and their interaction with the Water & Nutrient Cycle
share experiences and build an inventory of possible Means of
Implementation (MoI) for SDG#6 (as proposed by UN Water) including
technical and non-technical approaches
generate recommendations on SDG#6 implementation relevant to the
participants’ scope of action
32nd AGUASAN Workshop
Background
About the workshop
The water goal
Means of Implementation
Country cases
Results
Annex
AGUASANCommunity of Practice
Methodology
• Step 1: Clarifying the desired future state on SDG#6 at the international level
Input presentation on water in the 2030 agenda (Kate Medlicott, World Health
Organisation)
Group work: exploring the interdependencies between SDG#6 targets, other goals
and the Water & Nutrient Cycle
• Step 2: Obtaining an overview of different current states on SDG#6 at national
levels
Presentation of country cases (Tanzania, Haiti, Macedonia), serving as mirror to
reflect on possible Means of Implementation for SDG#6
Group work: analysing the different current states and identifying existing
challenges and opportunities
• Step 3: Defining the desired future state at national level and developing draft
country strategies for SDG#6 implementation
Introductory presentation on Means of Implementation (MoI) (Janek Hermann-
Friede, cewas)
Presentation of practical examples of MoI relating to policy & the institutional
framework, finance, technology and multi-stakeholder partnerships
Field trip to Lake Baldegg
Group work: defining the desired future states at national level and outlining
practical strategies for implementation for the country cases
32nd AGUASAN Workshop
Background
About the workshop
The water goal
Means of Implementation
Country cases
Results
Annex
AGUASANCommunity of Practice
The 2030 Sustainable Development Agenda1
• Unlike the Millennium Declaration, the
2030 agenda universally targets all
countries and stakeholders and pledges
that «no one shall be left behind».
• Attention is now focused on practical
implementation, for even the most well-
defined goal will not lead to its desired
impact unless taken up on the policy level
and operationalised on the programme
and project level.
• The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development was defined in a
historically inclusive process to succeed the Millennium Declaration.
• It encompasses a set of 17 concrete development goals (SDGs) as well as
169 corresponding targets that embrace a wide range of inter-connected
development challenges.
• Formally adopted by the UN in September 2015, the ambitious agenda
sets the development priorities between 2015 and 2030.
Img. 3: Overview of the Sustainable
Development Goals (© Global Envision)
32nd AGUASAN Workshop
The water goal
Introduction
Water in the 2030
agenda
The water cycle
Means of Implementation
Country cases
Results
Annex
AGUASANCommunity of Practice
SDG#6: Clean Water and Sanitation2
Ensure availability and sustainable management of water and
sanitation for all
6.1 By 2030, achieve universal and equitable access to safe and affordable drinking water for all
6.2 By 2030, achieve access to adequate and equitable sanitation and hygiene for all and end
open defecation, paying special attention to the needs of women and girls and those in vulnerable
situations
6.3 By 2030, improve water quality by reducing pollution, eliminating dumping and minimizing
release of hazardous chemicals and materials, halving the proportion of untreated wastewater and
substantially increasing recycling and safe reuse globally
6.4 By 2030, substantially increase water-use efficiency across all sectors and ensure sustainable
withdrawals and supply of freshwater to address water scarcity and substantially reduce the
number of people suffering from water scarcity
6.5 By 2030, implement integrated water resources management at all levels, including through
transboundary cooperation as appropriate
6.6 By 2020, protect and restore water-related ecosystems, including mountains, forests, wetlands
rivers, aquifers and lakes
6.a By 2030, expand international cooperation and capacity-building support to developing
countries in water- and sanitation-related activities and programmes, including water harvesting,
desalination, water efficiency, wastewater treatment, recycling and reuse technologies
6.b Support and strengthen the participation of local communicates in improving water and
sanitation management
32nd AGUASAN Workshop
The water goal
Introduction
Water in the 2030
agenda
The water cycle
Means of Implementation
Country cases
Results
Annex
AGUASANCommunity of Practice
Water in the 2030 Agenda (Kate Medlicott, WHO)
Water and sanitation lie at the heart of the development agenda
• Owing to the influential work of key stakeholdersII, water and
sanitation were placed at the core of the agenda
Dedicated water goal (SDG #6)
Explicit interdependencies with other goals and targets reflecting
• direct implications (e.g. with human health and well-being, ecosystem
resilience)
• conflicting use (e.g. for food, energy, industry)
• interdependent risks (e.g. climate change, migration, famine, epidemics, etc.)
Img.4: Interlinkages of SDGs (© K. Medlicott)
• Due to its cross-cutting nature,
achieving SDG#6 will be essential for
the achievement of many other
SDGs
32nd AGUASAN Workshop
The water goal
Introduction
Water in the 2030
agenda
The water cycle
Means of Implementation
Country cases
Results
Annex
« Back to methodology »
AGUASANCommunity of Practice
Water in the 2030 Agenda (Kate Medlicott, WHO)
SDG#6 – a new paradigm
• From water supply to water management - SDG#6 addresses the entire
water cycle
• Reflects environmental, social and economic aspects
• Promotes an integrated approach
• Seeks to overcome sectoral and regional fragmentation
• Gives equal importance to availability, accessibility and quality
• Moves beyond «improved» towards «safely managed» solutions
• Combines outcome targets (targets 6.1 to 6.3) and targets relating to how
outcomes can be achieved (targets 6.4 to 6.6)
• Will be monitored based on national sector data on 11+1 indicators that will
underpin advocacy, stimulate political commitment / policy dialogue and
inform decision-making on all levels
32nd AGUASAN Workshop
The water goal
Introduction
Water in the 2030
agenda
The water cycle
Means of Implementation
Country cases
Results
Annex
AGUASANCommunity of Practice
Water in the 2030 Agenda (Kate Medlicott, WHO)
Box 1: key topics and questions raised during the discussion
• Is country-driven data collection and analysis really feasible given the lack of willingness to
share data, insufficient government engagement and lack of baseline data? Pilot
projects in Jordan, Peru, Senegal, Uganda, Bangladesh and the Netherlands showed
promising results
• Transparency and accountability as well as adequate capacity building at national level
must underpin policy dialogue, data collection and analysis
• Positive message must be sent to the private sector to effectively engage with
governments
32nd AGUASAN Workshop
The water goal
Introduction
Water in the 2030
agenda
The water cycle
Means of Implementation
Country cases
Results
Annex
AGUASANCommunity of Practice
DRR & the Water Cycle (Marc-André Bünzli, SHA)III
• Groundwater constitutes 70% of all available water resources
always consider surface and subsurface water stocks in technical
interventions
• All interferences with the Water & Nutrient Cycle (W&N Cycle) have
consequences on the water balance (e.g. artificial storage increase in
evaporation; shortcutting of deep and shallow aquifers unwanted
chemical reactions, etc.)
adequately consider the entire W&N Cycle when engineering solutions
• Soil plays a central role for food security and water cycle balancing
(purification, flood regulation etc.)
put soil management at the centre of all
water-related interventions
• Despite their omnipresence, administrative
boundaries are artificial and bear little
importance for water management issues
use watersheds as basic management
unit Img. 5: Ecosystem functions in watersheds for
flood control (taken from MA Bünzli)
32nd AGUASAN Workshop
The water goal
Introduction
Water in the 2030
agenda
The water cycle
Means of Implementation
Country cases
Results
Annex
AGUASANCommunity of Practice
Introduction to MoI (Janek Hermann-Friede, cewas)
Summary: What Means of Implementation
(MoI) does SDG#6 require?
• There is little need for NEW MoI It is all
about discussing existing approaches
32nd AGUASAN Workshop
The water goal
Means of Implementation
Introduction
Practice examples
Field trip
Country cases
Results
Annex
• Required: balanced mix of different MoI
• Finance: inadequate water and sanitation services
cause enormous economic losses (up to 10% of
GDP according to WHO estimations) urgent need
for innovative and pro-poor financing mechanisms as well as efforts to increase
willingness and ability to pay
• Policy and institutional framework: widespread “paper reforms“ need for
actual reforms towards adequate and transparent legal and political frameworks
• Multi-stakeholder partnerships (MSPs): MSPs allow to address shared risks and
interests but must go beyond bridging CSOs and the private sector towards full
vertical and horizontal integration
• Technology and knowledge: level of technology development is promising, but
efforts are required to improve technology transfer
Img. 6: Input on Means of Implementation
of Janek Hermann-Friede
« Back to methodology »
AGUASANCommunity of Practice
Presented Practice Examples32nd AGUASAN Workshop
The water goal
Means of Implementation
Introduction
Practice examples
Field trip
Country cases
Results
Annex
Click on photos for
more information
Urban Water Projects Kyrgyzstan
(Tunzhurbek Kudabaev)
Building water institutions in
Bolivia (Pascal Blunier)
Multi-stakeholder processes
Japan (Binayak Das)
Sustainable O&M for WASH
Systems Uganda (Adam Harvey)
SuizAgua Colombia, Peru, Chile
(Diana Rojas)
IWRM Bangladesh (Akramul
Haque)
Investments for watershed
services Peru (Jan Cassin)FINISH Program India (Kajetan
Hetzer)
Farmer’s Life Kenya
(Obadiah Ngigi)
Water compensation Morocco
(Jose-Luis Carrasco)
Pump for Life Tanzania
(Alphonsina Kanyeto)
« Back to methodology »
AGUASANCommunity of Practice
Field Trip to Lake Baldegg
• Site-visits to different measures taken to tackle lake eutrophication in Lake
Baldegg following high phosphorus loads from livestock production
• Artificial lake aeration
• Organic farming
• Protecting the lake environment
• A regional development perspective: considering phosphorous as business
case
( more)
32nd AGUASAN Workshop
The water goal
Means of Implementation
Introduction
Practice examples
Field trip
Country cases
Results
Annex
Img. 7: AGUASAN workshop participants visiting
the aeration system of Lake Baldegg
« Back to methodology »
AGUASANCommunity of Practice
Country Cases: Purpose
• Incentive for in-depth country analysis in preparation of the workshop
• Laboratory to compare SDG#6 implementation in different contexts
regarding
• Geographical location
• Level of institutionalization
• State of water and sanitation services
• Level of water stress
• Existing challenges
• Basis to develop draft SDG#6 country strategies that…
… illustrate different ways forward
… serve as basis for further discussions on national level
… aim to raise the importance of SDG#6 on the national development agendas
32nd AGUASAN Workshop
The water goal
Means of Implementation
Country cases
Purpose
Overview
Results
Annex
Img. 8: Country case groups working on developing an SDG#6 strategy
AGUASANCommunity of Practice
Country Cases: Overview
• Macedonia: Landlocked country with advanced
water and sanitation service provision but general
absence of wastewater treatment. Strong political
focus on implementation of EU directives in
aspiration of EU accession ( view
presentation).
• Tanzania: One of the fastest-growing economies
in Africa experiencing on-going sector reforms,
inequitable service distribution (between
geographical locations, along the urban-rural
divide and between social groups) and an
increase in open defecation (OD) in rural areas
( view presentation).
• Haiti: Extreme poverty and high political
instability, lack of financial and human capacities,
weak institutions and largely inexistent water and
sanitation services. Degraded watersheds and
high climatic variability further threaten food
security and livelihoods ( view presentation).Map credits: Ezilon.com
32nd AGUASAN Workshop
The water goal
Means of Implementation
Country cases
Purpose
Overview
Results
Annex
« Back to methodology »
AGUASANCommunity of Practice
Results
32nd AGUASAN Workshop
The water goal
Means of Implementation
Country cases
Results
Inventory of Means of
Implementation
Slogans for SDG#6
SDG#6 and the Water &
Nutrient cycle
Results from the country
cases
Recommendations and
conclusions
Annex
AGUASANCommunity of Practice
Inventory of possible Means of Implementation
Extracted from practice examples Extracted from discussions
• Achieving sector reforms by combining
policy dialogue, corporate development of
utilities, stakeholder participation and
physical infrastructure investments (see
Urban Water Project Kyrgyzstan)
• Transitioning best practice projects
(technical or political interventions) into
actual institutions (see Building Water
Institutions in Bolivia)
• Harmonising policies into an incentive-
based regulatory system that promotes 4R-
compliant systems (see IWRM in
Bangladesh)
• Feeding project lessons directly into policy-
and decision-making (see IWRM in
Bangladesh)
• Building independent, inclusive, cross-sectoral
and inter-ministerial commissions, committees
councils or working groups
• Establishing cross-sectoral river basin councils
with consultative (not executive) authority in
IWRM.
• Strengthening local institutional capacities in
management and finance (corporate
development of service utilities)
• Enforcing tariff reforms to achieve cost-recovery
• Implementing demand-led approaches to total
sanitation
• Conducting large-scale public awareness-raising
campaigns
• Conducting evidence-based reviews of existing
policies (e.g. demonstrating the consequences of
“non-sanitation” to governments)
Policy and institutional framework
32nd AGUASAN Workshop
The water goal
Means of Implementation
Country cases
Results
Inventory of Means of
Implementation
Slogans for SDG#6
SDG#6 and the Water &
Nutrient cycle
Results from the country
cases
Recommendations and
conclusions
Annex
AGUASANCommunity of Practice
Inventory of possible Means of Implementation
Extracted from practice examples Extracted from discussions
• Implementing cyclic and face-to-face multi-
stakeholder processes when developing IWRM
plans (see MSPs Japan)
• Promoting sustainable O&M of WASH
infrastructure through Public-Private-Partnerships
(PPP) (see WHAVE Uganda)
• Establishing PPPs to implement the Water
Footprint Concept in large corporations (see
SuizAgua Colombia, Peru, Chile)
• Creating international multi-stakeholder
partnerships to finance safe sanitation systems
along the entire service and value chain (see
FINISH Program India)
• Building international PPPs to compensate for
imported water footprints (see Water
Compensation Morocco)
• Building strategic partnerships between
donors and other WASH stakeholders to
promote sector reforms
• Working through existing global
partnerships (e.g. GWP, SWA, WIN, etc.)
rather than creating new ones
Multi-stakeholder partnerships
32nd AGUASAN Workshop
The water goal
Means of Implementation
Country cases
Results
Inventory of Means of
Implementation
Slogans for SDG#6
SDG#6 and the Water &
Nutrient cycle
Results from the country
cases
Recommendations and
conclusions
Annex
AGUASANCommunity of Practice
Inventory of possible Means of Implementation
Extracted from practice examples Extracted from discussions
• Financing O&M activities through community- and performance-
based infrastructure maintenance systems (see WHAVE
Uganda)
• Redistributing water dues through Water and Sanitation
Committees (see WHAVE Uganda)
• Strengthening private-sector responsibility using the Water
Footprint Concept (see SuizAgua)
• Incentivising 4R-compliant approaches and technologies through
rewards and rebates (see IWRM Bangladesh)
• Financing watershed services through partnership agreements
between downstream funders and upstream implementers (see
Investment in Watershed Services Peru)
• Applying customised financial engineering (see FINISH Program
India)
• Promoting a circular economy approach (see FINISH Program
India)
• Providing eco-loans with decreasing interest rates at increasing
credit limits for watershed services of smallholder farmers (see
Farmer’s Life)
• Combining credit provision & technical advice (see Farmer’s Life)
• Compensating water footprints through Water Benefit Certificates
that are reinvested in local IWRM solutions (see Water
Compensation Morocco)
• Providing subscription-based waterpoint maintenance services
(see Pump for Life)
• ECO-WASH loans that incentivise
IWRM and WASH measures
• Strengthening results-/performance-
based approaches
• Applying basket-funding for results-
based approaches
• Facilitating private sector involvement
through hand-holding between private
investors and SMEs
• Creating community savings
associations
• Implementing the user/polluter-pays-
principle
• Communicating the cost-effectiveness
of green infrastructure
• Using the Water Footprint Concept as
communication tool to engage public
institutions
• Applying context-specific insurance
systems on household basis
Finance
32nd AGUASAN Workshop
The water goal
Means of Implementation
Country cases
Results
Inventory of Means of
Implementation
Slogans for SDG#6
SDG#6 and the Water &
Nutrient cycle
Results from the country
cases
Recommendations and
conclusions
Annex
AGUASANCommunity of Practice
Inventory of possible Means of Implementation
Extracted from practice examples Extracted from discussions
• Implementing hygiene-grading in schools and
communities to generate peer-competition
(see WHAVE Uganda)
• Promoting green infrastructure (e.g. traditional
infiltration ditches, sustainable grazing
management) to complement grey
infrastructure and to valorise traditional
knowledge (see Investment in Watershed
Services)
• Implementing data- and ICT-driven monitoring
of service reliability, customer satisfaction,
and life-cycle costs (see Pump for Life)
• Using mobile-phone payment systems to
enhance payback rates and to reduce the
misuse of (project) funds (see Pump for Life)
• Combining knowledge and technology
(software and hardware) (e.g.
complementing introduction of new
technologies with on-the-job capacity-
building interventions)
• Converging IWRM and WASH: Applying
shitflow diagrams in the IWRM context and
watershed flow diagrams in WASH
• Applying shitflow diagrams on the national
level as a tool of communication
• Integrating the Water & Nutrient Cycle in
school curricula
• Mapping available water resources
• Conducting public multi-stakeholder debates
(on mass media /radio, TV, newspapers etc.
in local language) to explain and justify
SDG#6 strategies
Technology and knowledge
32nd AGUASAN Workshop
The water goal
Means of Implementation
Country cases
Results
Inventory of Means of
Implementation
Slogans for SDG#6
SDG#6 and the Water &
Nutrient cycle
Results from the country
cases
Recommendations and
conclusions
Annex
AGUASANCommunity of Practice
How to communicate SDG#6 to policy and decision-makers? Results of a brainstorming session
• “Thirsty voters won’t support you…“
• “No trees no water – If you’re thirsty, plant a tree!“
• “Water for all or violence for all?“
• “With water we can save the future!“
• “Helping nature is helping us!“
• “Lead it up! Water for all“
• “Field to stomach, stomach to field“
• “Water is everybody’s business“
• “No war on renewable resources!“
• “Make water part of yourself“
• “Close the water cycle and you’ll never be thirsty“
• “No business on a dead planet“
• “Let’s be proud to be humans“
• “Thirsty minds take poor decisions“
• “Safe the blue to stay green“
• “Better now, better tomorrow“
• “Water, we can do better“
• “End water poverty“
• “Water is key for richness“
• “Water is life“
• “Vote for water“
• “Make water great again“
Img.9: One of the slogans developed in the ad-hoc
brainstorming session
Slogans for advocating SDG#632nd AGUASAN Workshop
The water goal
Means of Implementation
Country cases
Results
Inventory of Means of
Implementation
Slogans for SDG#6
SDG#6 and the Water &
Nutrient cycle
Results from the country
cases
Recommendations and
conclusions
Annex
AGUASANCommunity of Practice
SDG#6 and the Water & Nutrient Cycle
Elements of the Water & Nutrient Cycle The Water Cycle The Water & Nutrient Cycle
SDG#6 targets and the W&N Cycle Interdependencies of SDG targets Challenges in the SDG#6 W&N Cycle
MoI in the SDG#6 W&N Cycle
32nd AGUASAN Workshop
The water goal
Means of Implementation
Country cases
Results
Inventory of Means of
Implementation
Slogans for SDG#6
SDG#6 and the Water &
Nutrient cycle
Results from the country
cases
Recommendations and
conclusions
Annex
Click on thumbnails
to enlarge
« Back to methodology »
AGUASANCommunity of Practice
SDG#6 and the Water & Nutrient Cycle
Box 2: Issues and questions raised during the «Fish Bowl» on the
W&N Cycle
• The Water & Nutrient Cycle must reflect surface and groundwater.
• When is water purification really needed: for all surface water or only
for domestic use?
• Let’s stop associating recharge and reuse with agriculture only – it has
great potential for industrial and domestic use too.
• The Water & Nutrient Cycle focuses on the technical system the
societal and environmental system must equally be considered.
• Agriculture plays a vital role for the Water & Nutrient Cycle why are
sector responsibles often not part of the discussions on SDG#6?
Box 3: Top 4 conclusions from the Water & Nutrient Cycle group
• Alone the participatory building of the cycle and it’s interactions
with the SDGs is a learning experience.
• There is no «one correct solution» for the Water & Nutrient Cycle.
Different perspectives exist and they are not necessarily congruent.
• Despite its narrow focus on water and sanitation, SDG#6 goes
beyond the W&N Cycle: it affects issues of climate change,
food security, education, health and gender.
• Whenever the social system comes into play, the consequences
on the W&N Cycle must be looked at.
Img.11: the cross-country Water &
Nutrient Cycle group in action
Img.10: Participants following
the discussions during the
«Fish Bowl» on the Water &
Nutrient Cycle
32nd AGUASAN Workshop
The water goal
Means of Implementation
Country cases
Results
Inventory of Means of
Implementation
Slogans for SDG#6
SDG#6 and the Water &
Nutrient cycle
Results from the country
cases
Recommendations and
conclusions
Annex
AGUASANCommunity of Practice
Macedonia Draft SDG#6 Strategy (I)
6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 6.5 6.6
Current
state and
existing
challenges
and
opportuni-
ties
Water supply
coverage: rural:
60-80%, urban:
95-100%
High level of
NRW
Aging infra.
Poor O&M
Non-cost
recovering
tariffs
Challenge:
reaching the
remaining 10%
Good starting
point
Abundance of
freshwater
resources
Sanitation
coverage (est.):
rural: 20-60%,
urban: 90%
Aging or
altogether
lacking
infrastructure
Poor O&M
Groundwater
infiltration
Substantial
resources
required for
reaching the
remaining 10%
Good starting
point on
Wastewater
treatment
coverage: 15%
of total
population
Lack of
resources and
political will
Lack of
capacities.
Available $
from the EC
Growing public
awareness
Planning/
construction of
wastewater
treatment
plants
Non-revenue
water: 30-70% for
drinking water
Low water use
efficiency
Lack of
monitoring of
industrial and
agricultural
water use
Reduction of
water losses in a
few urban
centres and
application of
drip irrigation of
apples, grape
and maize
IWRM
implementation
(est.): 20%
Lack of
resources
Inefficient
institutional
setting
Lack of trans-
boundary
cooperation
Institutional
framework in
place / IWRM
plans
developed
Lack of
baseline
data
Lack of
financial
resources
Existing
legal and
institutiona
l
framework
Current
situation
and
concrete
measures
known
Desired
outcome
100% access in
urban and 95% in
rural areas (total
98%)
100% access in
urban and 70%
in rural areas
(total 88%)
70% access to
wastewater
treatment in
urban and rural
areas
Significant
increase in water-
use efficiency for
all uses
100%
implementation
of IWRM plans;
effective treaties
with neighbours
Existing
ecosystems
are restored
and
protected
Strategic
focus
Maintaining the
current level
through
investments in
infrastructure
rehabilitation and
O&M
Capitalising on
synergies with
improvements
for wastewater
treatment
Improving
wastewater
treatment,
building civil
society pressure
Strengthening
management and
monitoring
capacities,
achieving full cost-
recovery, imple-
menting water-
saving
technologies
Financing
implementation
of IWRM plans,
advocacy and
lobbying to
increase
political will for
IWRM
Restoration
of rivers and
wetlands
32nd AGUASAN Workshop
The water goal
Means of Implementation
Country cases
Results
Inventory of Means of
Implementation
Slogans for SDG#6
SDG#6 and the Water &
Nutrient cycle
Results from the country
cases
Recommendations and
conclusions
Annex
« Back to methodology »
AGUASANCommunity of Practice
Macedonia Draft SDG#6 Strategy (II)
6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 6.5 6.6
Means of
Implemen-
tation
Water sector reform at the local level
Improvement of the political and institutional framework
Public utility reform (corporate development,
concentration on core activities)
Enforcement of water tariff reform
Development and implementation of policy on access to
services for vulnerable groups
Financing mechanisms
Performance-based payments and public utilities
contracts
Investment of 826 mio. Euro
Technology and capacity building
Introduction of storm water and wastewater separation
technologies
Dissemination of best practices, procedures and
templates for decentralised systems
Capacity building programs for newly introduced
technologies and systems
Water sector reform at the national level
Improvement of the political and institutional framework
Implementing a clear-cut distribution of responsibilities
between national level and local level
Achieving fiscal decentralisation and long-term budget
planning to direct revenues from water taxes and
charges towards long-term water sector investments
Developing a strategy on river and wetland ecosystems
protection and restoration
Establishing and running river basin councils
Implementing IWRM plans
Financing mechanisms
Facilitating private sector involvement (handholding
between investors and SMEs)
Establishing financing mechanisms for the
implementation of IWRM plans
Providing farmers with access to loans and investments
Technology and capacity building
Introducing water- and energy-saving technologies in
agriculture and large corporations
Flanking measures
Conducting large-scale public awareness-raising campaign to
o increase willingness to pay
o enhance water-use efficiency / rational use of water
Improving monitoring systems on
o Nature and environmental conditions
o Water uses (including industry and agriculture)
o Effectiveness of introduced means of implementation
32nd AGUASAN Workshop
The water goal
Means of Implementation
Country cases
Results
Inventory of Means of
Implementation
Slogans for SDG#6
SDG#6 and the Water &
Nutrient cycle
Results from the country
cases
Recommendations and
conclusions
Annex
AGUASANCommunity of Practice
Current
state and
existing
challenges
• MDGs for water supply and sanitation not reached
• Increased open defecation in rural areas
• Lower levels of access for certain groups (especially the poor), including the rural population
• Complex framework that is under on-going revision
• No coordinating body for rural areas
• Lacking or ad-hoc accountability mechanisms at sub-national level
• Inconsistencies and inaccuracies in monitoring and reporting mechanisms.
• Management of funds not always efficient, effective and equitable
• Low levels of domestic investments. However, financing for rural areas increased
• Need for strengthened pro-poor approaches
• By-laws are not consequently enforced
Desired
outcome
• Vision: Healthy lives and environments for future generations
• Target 6.1: Reliable access to sufficient and good quality drinking water, everyday, everywhere for
everyone
• Target 6.2: Access to basic sanitation that works every day, everywhere, for everyone
• Target 6.3: A regulatory framework that addresses polluted sources, treatment and recycling is in place
and enforced
• Target 6.4: Rainwater, groundwater and surface water are cost-effectively used
• Target 6.5: Water is available for everyone and for all purposes. This is achieved through sustainable
management and use of water resources in and between watersheds
Rural Tanzania Draft SDG#6 Strategy (I)32nd AGUASAN Workshop
The water goal
Means of Implementation
Country cases
Results
Inventory of Means of
Implementation
Slogans for SDG#6
SDG#6 and the Water &
Nutrient cycle
Results from the country
cases
Recommendations and
conclusions
Annex
AGUASANCommunity of Practice
Rural Tanzania Draft SDG#6 Strategy (II)
Means of
Implemen-
tation
Phase 1: Large-
scale pilots or
proof of concepts
carried out in a
robust manner
and in different
contexts
• A system approach for reliable and accountable service delivery with PPPs and the
inclusion of the consumer voice
• Incentives for good and penalties for bad practices
• A scaled private sector
• Functional multi-stakeholder platforms at national and local level
• Performance-based eco-loans for farmers
• Incentives for good practices; penalties for bad practices
• Integrating the water and nutrient cycle as well as water security in school curricula
• Promotion of drip irrigation and low water use sanitation technologies
Phase 2: Tackling
policy and
political support
• An increase in domestic investments
• Basked-funding used for results-based financing
• Policy dialogue between the government and other stakeholders (including the local
governments)
• Evidence-based reviews of policies
• Development of a joint planning, monitoring and evaluation system (including
government, civil society organisations, private sector, community-based
organisations, and research institutes)
• Capacity development and institutional strengthening at all levels
• Clear, consistent resolution to expand the private sector with an improved legal
framework for PPPs
Phase 3: National
roll-out
• Enforcing policies
• Providing higher rewards for local governments for positive results (performance
based/result-based funding).
• Decentralising function and functionaries in the government
• Strengthening local government, including allocation/provision of financial
resources
• Consistent monitoring
• Establishing and supporting consumer associations
• Expanding the role of the private sector
32nd AGUASAN Workshop
The water goal
Means of Implementation
Country cases
Results
Inventory of Means of
Implementation
Slogans for SDG#6
SDG#6 and the Water &
Nutrient cycle
Results from the country
cases
Recommendations and
conclusions
Annex
AGUASANCommunity of Practice
Urban Tanzania Draft SDG#6 Strategy
Containment Emptying and transport Treatment
Safe re-use of
wastewater/
faecal sludge
Current state
and existing
challenges and
opportunities
• OD-rates stagnated
at 2%. 36% of the
population use
unimproved
sanitation facilities
• There is a need for a
financial scheme to
make WASH more
affordable to
disadvantaged
groups
• Faecal sludge collected by
private emptying and
transport service providers
constitutes 50% from
household and 50% from
non-household sources.
Collected faecal sludge is
not always transported to
treatment facilities and
sometimes dumped into the
environment
• Faecal sludge management
is not regulated
• There is a need for a
financial scheme to make
WASH more affordable to
disadvantaged groups
• Access to wastewater
treatment stagnated
• Generally, poorer areas
are more prone to
unsafely managed
sanitation
• Access to
wastewater
treatment
stagnated
Desired
outcome
OD-free Dar es
Salaam by 2030.
100% of the
population use basic
sanitation facilities at
household level
City-wide coverage through
safe and improved collection
and transport
Safe treatment of
wastewater, in accordance
with the intended end-use
An increasing
amount of
wastewater and
faecal sludge are
safely reused
Means of
Implementation
• Utility reform
• Multi-stakeholder
partnerships
• Establishing
customised financing
instruments
• Promoting container-
based solutions
• Utility reform
• Multi-stakeholder
partnerships
• Performance-based
loans/contracts for faecal
sludge collection
• Small-scale community-
based fee collection
• Use of ICT
• Utility reform
• Multi-stakeholder
partnerships
• Public/private funds for
large scale faecal sludge
treatment infrastructure
• Treatment depending on
most profitable end-use
• Utility reform
• Multi-stakeholder
partnerships
• Marketing
• Minimum
standards
32nd AGUASAN Workshop
The water goal
Means of Implementation
Country cases
Results
Inventory of Means of
Implementation
Slogans for SDG#6
SDG#6 and the Water &
Nutrient cycle
Results from the country
cases
Recommendations and
conclusions
Annex
AGUASANCommunity of Practice
Haiti Draft SDG#6 Strategy (I)
Current
state and
existing
challenges
• Environmental degradation
• Extreme poverty
• El Niño effect (drought & heavy rains)
• Fragile food security & livelihood
• Political instability
• Lack of capacity to steer sector/ country
• Weak institutions
• Weak WASH setup
• Degraded watersheds
• Very limited access to WASH services
• Allocation and management of funds
• Limited capacity at local level
• No integrated vision linking IWRM and WASH
Desired
outcomes
• Improved access to drinking water and sanitation
• Early victories! in improved drinking water quality
• Rehabilitated watersheds
• Strengthened role of private sector in providing sanitation services and good quality work
• Increased food security for subsistence farmers
Strategic
focus
• Targets 6.1 and 6.2: Achieve balance between water and sanitation at DINEPA
• Targets 6.2 and 6.5: Protect water sources
• Targets 6.3 and 6.4: Improve sustainability and productivity of agriculture
• Target 6.6: Restore ecosystem services
• Target 6.a: Strengthen the capacities of WASH and IWRM managers
• Target 6.b: Set-up coordination platforms
Principles • No WASH without IWRM!
• Patience (step-by-step implementation)
• Long-term commitment
• Have a clear vision (instead of/ before indicators)
• Participation of all stakeholders, including citizens and private sector
• Will to take risks or the courage to fail
32nd AGUASAN Workshop
The water goal
Means of Implementation
Country cases
Results
Inventory of Means of
Implementation
Slogans for SDG#6
SDG#6 and the Water &
Nutrient cycle
Results from the country
cases
Recommendations and
conclusions
Annex
AGUASANCommunity of Practice
Haiti Draft SDG#6 Strategy (II)32nd AGUASAN Workshop
The water goal
Means of Implementation
Country cases
Results
Inventory of Means of
Implementation
Slogans for SDG#6
SDG#6 and the Water &
Nutrient cycle
Results from the country
cases
Recommendations and
conclusions
Annex
AGUASANCommunity of Practice
Conclusions from the Country Cases
• The SDG#6 framework applies to all contexts but calls for careful
contextualisation
• The level of institutionalization and availability of data in the countries
determined the level of detail of the country strategies
• Highly institutionalized conditions and specific data available (e.g. Macedonia)
Allows for specific SDG#6 strategy, mapping out concrete MoI
Results in low level of transferability to other contexts; provide limited room
for innovation
• Low level of institutionalization, failed-state-like conditions, no reliable data
available (e.g. Haiti)
Provides room for innovation in the mapping out of MoI
Requires generic SDG#6 strategy
• SDG#6 implementation presents a unique opportunity to resolve existing
challenges. However, the Tanzania case illustrates how overcoming
existing barriers (e.g. rural-urban divide, water-sanitation divide) depends
on the willingness of decision-makers
32nd AGUASAN Workshop
The water goal
Means of Implementation
Country cases
Results
Inventory of Means of
Implementation
Slogans for SDG#6
SDG#6 and the Water &
Nutrient cycle
Results from the country
cases
Recommendations and
conclusions
Annex
AGUASANCommunity of Practice
Top 5 Recommendations for Policy-Makers
• National priority-setting on SDG#6 implementation presents a unique
opportunity to tackle existing challenges and capitalising on emerging
opportunities: valorise the preparation and implementation of national
SDG#6 plans by allocating domestic funds
• Shift your attention from policy-making to policy enforcement and focus
on providing an altogether enabling environment: target sector
investments towards capacity-building in local governance, incentivise
the private sector and activate civil society
• Tap into the promising range of available financing instruments
including private sector interventions - communities appreciate a
business perspective to service delivery!
• Recognise and actively articulate the conflictive and political nature of
water management and use
• Use watersheds as the basic management unit for all interventions
32nd AGUASAN Workshop
The water goal
Means of Implementation
Country cases
Results
Inventory of Means of
Implementation
Slogans for SDG#6
SDG#6 and the Water &
Nutrient cycle
Results from the country
cases
Recommendations and
conclusions
Annex
AGUASANCommunity of Practice
Top 5 Recommendations for Implementers
• Good experiences and cross-sector expertise are already available
no need to reinvent the wheel
• Political will is critical to any intervention on SDG#6: be prepared to
engage in time-intensive lobbying and advocacy efforts and ally with
influential leaders and cross-sectoral partners through multi-
stakeholder partnerships
• Take up a dual perspective: consider upscaling and acceleration from
the start but at the same time exploit quick-wins and move step-by-step
• Tap into ICT’s potential to improve service delivery but always
contextualise technology and innovation and never neglect behavioural
change approaches
• WASH and IWRM are as inherently linked as the water and the nutrient
cycle: no WASH without IWRM, no IWRM without WASH
32nd AGUASAN Workshop
The water goal
Means of Implementation
Country cases
Results
Inventory of Means of
Implementation
Slogans for SDG#6
SDG#6 and the Water &
Nutrient cycle
Results from the country
cases
Recommendations and
conclusions
Annex
AGUASANCommunity of Practice
Top 5 Recommendations for Financers
• Move from grants to loans and align financial contributions with
technical advice
• Be perseverant and engage in long-term-commitments towards SDG#6
• Understand that the financing gap can be closed but that «vulnerable
groups» must be more differentiated to match them with customised
financing mechanisms and to free ODA for the most vulnerable groups
• Apply results-based approaches wherever results are clearly defined
• Always ensure market conduciveness for any sector intervention, public
or private
32nd AGUASAN Workshop
The water goal
Means of Implementation
Country cases
Results
Inventory of Means of
Implementation
Slogans for SDG#6
SDG#6 and the Water &
Nutrient cycle
Results from the country
cases
Recommendations and
conclusions
Annex
AGUASANCommunity of Practice
Conclusions
• The SDG-framework serves as a practical, analytical tool that applies to
all contexts
• The Water & Nutrient Cycle provides a powerful tool for donors, policy-
makers and implementers to enter discussions on SDG#6 by
highlighting interdependencies, challenges and opportunities and thus
creating a common understanding of the particular system
• SDG#6 advances the business case for water and sanitation but calls
for an ecosystem that is yet to be fully prepared
• The connectedness of goals and targets is challenging but also
auspicious: smart interventions have the potential to address multiple
issues at once
32nd AGUASAN Workshop
The water goal
Means of Implementation
Country cases
Results
Inventory of Means of
Implementation
Slogans for SDG#6
SDG#6 and the Water &
Nutrient cycle
Results from the country
cases
Recommendations and
conclusions
Annex
AGUASANCommunity of Practice
Concluding Remarks from SDC GPWI (Johan Gély)
• It is not the differences in geographies or cultural
heritage of the local population that determine
the different starting conditions for SDG#6 (see
South and North Korea and Haiti and the
Dominican Republic) good governance and
political leadership are the key determinants
• The SDGs are all about continua (from MDG to
SDG, from WASH to IWRM, from rural to urban,
from south to north, from local to global level
etc.) implementation requires holistic
approach
• The SDG network is a booster of innovation (use it in negotiations with governments and
development partners!) and new financing mechanisms
• “Tariffs, Taxes and Transfers” (TTT) and ODA are concepts of the past public
stakeholders must start to engage in new strategic coalitions and ensure that the
development agenda is not instrumentalised
• Adding to the complexity of the water-food-energy nexus, the SDGs bring in additional
links to health, education and trade that need to be addressed SDGs provide
synergies, let’s exploit them innovatively, pragmatically but also carefully
• No data = no action = no data. Parallel efforts are required
• The AGUASAN community comprises enormous political capital to address the
implementation challenge use the network to fully exploit it!
Img. 12: «SDGs are ambitious, but ambition creates
emotion and emotion triggers action and change»
(Johan Gély)
32nd AGUASAN Workshop
The water goal
Means of Implementation
Country cases
Results
Inventory of Means of
Implementation
Slogans for SDG#6
SDG#6 and the Water &
Nutrient cycle
Results from the country
cases
Recommendations and
conclusions
Annex
AGUASANCommunity of Practice
References
1 UN Water (2015): Water in the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable
Development2 United Nations (2015): Sustainable Development Goals
32nd AGUASAN Workshop
The water goal
Means of Implementation
Country cases
Results
Annex
References
Notes
Acronyms
Agenda
Methodological
approach
Participants
Indicators
MoI Practice Examples
Field trip
AGUASANCommunity of Practice
Notes
I AGUASAN Workshop steering committee: Agnès Montangero
(Helvetas Intercooperation), Roger Schmid (SKAT), Marc-André
Bünzli (SHA), Hanna Capeder (SDC), Christoph Lüthi (EAWAG).
Daya Moser (Helvetas Intercooperation) and Lars Schöbitz
(EAWAG) acted as substitute members of the steering committee
during the workshop.II JMP post-2015 working groups, UN-Water Technical Advice for a
comprehensive Water and Sanitation Goal 2014 and champion
member states (including, among others, Switzerland)III For more information, see the SDC Guidelien for sustainable
groundwater resource management here
32nd AGUASAN Workshop
The water goal
Means of Implementation
Country cases
Results
Annex
References
Notes
Acronyms
Agenda
Methodological
approach
Participants
Indicators
MoI Practice Examples
Field trip
AGUASANCommunity of Practice
Acronyms
• CoP: Community of Practice
• CSO: Civil Society Organisation
• DRR: Disaster Risk Reduction
• EU: European Union
• GEMI: Global Expanded Water
Monitoring Initiative
• GI: Green Infrastructure
• GLAAS: UN-Water Global Analysis and
Assessment of Sanitation and Drinking-
Water
• GDP: Gross Domestic Product
• GWP: Global Water Partnership
• ICT: Information and Communications
Technology
• IWRM: Integrated Water Resources
Management
• JMP: Joint Monitoring Programme for
Water Supply and Sanitation
• LGI: Local Government Institution
• MDG: Millennium Development Goal
• MoI: Means of Implementation
• MSP: Multi-Stakeholder Partnership
• NGO: Non-governmental organisation
• NRW: Non-revenue water
• OD: open defecation
• ODA: Official Development Assistance
• O&M: Operation and Maintenance
• PPP: Public-Private-Partnership
• SDC: Swiss Agency for Development and
Cooperation
• SDG: Sustainable Development Goal
• SME: Small and Medium-sized
Enterprises
• SWA: Sanitation and Water for All
• TTT: Tariffs, Transfers and Taxes
• UN: United Nations
• WASH: Water, Sanitation and Hygiene
• WBC: Water Benefit Certificate
• WHO: World Health Organisation
• WIN: Water Integrity Network
• WSC: Water and Sanitation Committees
• W&N: Water & Nutrients
• WBC: Water Benefit Certificate
• WHO: World Health Organisation
• WIN: Water Integrity Network
• WSC: Water and Sanitation Committees
• W&N: Water & Nutrients
• 4R: Reuse, Reduce, Recycle, Restore
32nd AGUASAN Workshop
The water goal
Means of Implementation
Country cases
Results
Annex
References
Notes
Acronyms
Agenda
Methodological
approach
Participants
Indicators
MoI Practice Examples
Field trip
AGUASANCommunity of Practice
Agenda
Mon 27/06 Tue 28/06 Wed 29/06 Thu 30/06 Fri 01/07
8:30
–10:30
Welcome coffee as of 7:30
Welcome and introduction to
the AGUASAN Workshop
Clarification of expectations &
objectives
Conclusions from the WTD
Introduction to Water in the
2030 agenda (Kate Medlicott, WHO)
Continuation: Translation of the
Water Goal to the reality of the
country cases (definition of
current and desired future states)
Recommendations from the
raporteur of day 1
Case study: defining the
strategic focus, target
groups/beneficiaries and
indicators
Recommendations from the
raporteur of day 2
Practical examples (focus on
finance):
- Whave Uganda
- SuizAgua Colombia
- IWRM Bangladesh
Recommendations from the
raporteur of day 3
Practical examples (focus on
finance continued):
- F3 Life Kenya
Group work: collecting MoI
Case study: adapting MoI to the country cases
Recommendations from the
raporteur of day 4
Case study: Consolidation of the SDG#6 strategies
Coffee break
11:00
–12:30
Group work: The Water Goal,
its targets and
interdependencies along the
water and nutrient cycle
Case study: identifying
challenges and opportunities
Introduction to means of
implementation (Janek
Hermann-Friede, cewas)
- Investments for Watersheds
Peru
- Finish Program Kenya/ India
Practical examples (focus on
technology):
- Agadir Water Compensation
Morocco
Final presentations
Cross-country conclusions
Lunch
13:30
–15:00
Introduction to the country
cases
Practical examples (focus on
policy & institutional framework
and MSP):
- Urban water projects
Kyrgyzstan
- IWRM Bolivia
Field trip Baldeggersee
SDG#6 and the water & nutrient
cycle (Marc-André Bünzli, SDC
HA)
- MSABI Tanzania
Group work: collecting MoI
Case study: adapting MoI to the
country cases
Concluding remarks from
SDC GWPI (Johan Gély)
Final review of the water and
nutrient cycle
Coffee breakCoffee break
15:30
–17:15
Introduction and formation of
working groups
Case study: Translation of the
Water Goal to the reality of the
country cases (definition of
current and desired future
states)
- MSP Japan
Group work: collecting MoI
Case study: adapting MoI to the
country cases
Case study: Consolidation of the SDG#6 strategies
Preparing the 2030 Talk Show
Certification, evaluation and
closing
as of 17:30 Restaurant dinner at Tropenhaus
WolhusenTalk Show & Networking Apéro
32nd AGUASAN Workshop
The water goal
Means of Implementation
Country cases
Results
Annex
References
Notes
Acronyms
Agenda
Methodological
approach
Participants
Indicators
MoI Practice Examples
Field trip
AGUASANCommunity of Practice
Methodological Approach32nd AGUASAN Workshop
The water goal
Means of Implementation
Country cases
Results
Annex
References
Notes
Acronyms
Agenda
Methodological
approach
Participants
Indicators
MoI Practice Examples
Field trip
AGUASANCommunity of Practice
AGUASAN Workshop Participants
Aanyu Rehema Uganda Water and Sanitation
NGO Network (UWASNET)
Uganda [email protected],
Abdallah Panga Said UFUNDIKO Tanzania [email protected]
Achermann Sarah seecon international gmbh Switzerland [email protected]
Akramul Haque Mohammad DASCOH Foundation Bangladesh [email protected]
Amatya Prakash
Chandra
GUTHI Nepal [email protected]
Ambühl Roman seecon international gmbh Switzerland [email protected]
Arbab Shakar SECO Islamabad Pakistan Pakistan [email protected]
Barreto Dillon Leonellha seecon international gmbh Switzerland [email protected]
Blunier Pascal HELVETAS Swiss
Intercooperation / CSD Engineers
Bolivia [email protected]
Bongertman Thea Simavi Tanzania [email protected]
Brogan John Terre des hommes Switzerland [email protected]
Bünzli Marc-André SDC/FDFA Switzerland [email protected]
Burri Georges SHA WES Expert, SDC Regional
Office Amman, Jordan
Jordan [email protected];
Capeder Hanna SDC - Global Programme Water
Initiatives
Switzerland [email protected]
Carrasco José Luis Aquasis Solutions Switzerland joseluis.carrasco@aquasis-
solutions.ch
Cassin Jan Forest Trends USA [email protected]
Das Binayak Water Integrity Network (WIN) Germany [email protected]
Dodeva Stanislava Embassy of Switzerland in the
Republic of Macedonia
Macedonia [email protected]
Erlmann Tandiwe seecon international gmbh Switzerland [email protected]
32nd AGUASAN Workshop
The water goal
Means of Implementation
Country cases
Results
Annex
References
Notes
Acronyms
Agenda
Methodological
approach
Participants
Indicators
MoI Practice Examples
Field trip
AGUASANCommunity of Practice
AGUASAN Workshop Participants
Fernando
SumbaneFrancisco HELVETAS Swiss
Intercooperation
Mozambique [email protected]
Gély Johan SDC - Global Programme Water
Initiatives
Switzerland
Haag Justine SDC/ SKH Morocco [email protected]
Harvey Adam Whave Solutions Uganda [email protected]
Heeb Johannes seecon international gmbh Switzerland [email protected]
Hermann-Friede Janek cewas Germany [email protected]
Hetzer Kajetan Social Equity Fund The Netherlands [email protected]
Hoang Viet WWF Vietnam Vietnam [email protected]
Kanyeto Alphonsina
Paul
msabi Tanzania [email protected]
Kudabaev Tunzhurbek Swiss Embassy in Bishkek,
Kyrgyzstan
Kyrgyz Republic [email protected]
h
Lüthi Christoph Eawag/Sandec Switzerland [email protected]
Manandhar
Sherpa
Anjali 500B Solutions Pvt. Ltd. Nepal [email protected]
Matoro Jacqueline SDC Tanzania [email protected]
Medlicott Kate WHO Switzerland
Mirta Ylber Ministry of Environment and
Physical Planning
MACEDONIA [email protected]
Mondestin Samuel Diery SDC Haiti samuel-
Moser Daya HELVETAS Swiss
Intercooperation
Switzerland [email protected]
32nd AGUASAN Workshop
The water goal
Means of Implementation
Country cases
Results
Annex
References
Notes
Acronyms
Agenda
Methodological
approach
Participants
Indicators
MoI Practice Examples
Field trip
AGUASANCommunity of Practice
AGUASAN Workshop Participants
Müller Kim Caritas Switzerland Switzerland [email protected]
Murinda Sharon SDC, Regional Office Southern
Africa
Zimbabwe [email protected]
Ngigi Obadiah F3 Life Kenya [email protected]
Niyorathan Pakkiyaretnam Terre des hommes, Lausanne Sri Lanka [email protected]
Normand Olivier International Secretariat for Water Uzbekistan [email protected]
Pandey Nilkantha HELVETAS Swiss
intercooperation Nepal
Nepal [email protected]
Pérez León Sergio SDC Switzerland [email protected]
Pililao Fernando Swiss Cooperation In
Mozambique
Mozambique [email protected];
Quintana Garcia
de Parades
Cesarina SDC, Global Programmes HUB
Lima (Perú)
Peru [email protected]
Rojas Orjuela Diana SDC - Global Programme Water
Initiatives
Colombia [email protected]
Schmid Roger Skat Consulting Ltd. Switzerland [email protected]
Schoebitz Lars Eawag/Sandec Switzerland [email protected]
Shrestha Bijesh Man Terre des hommes, Nepal Nepal [email protected]
Sorokovskyi Viacheslav DESPRO - Swiss-Ukrainian
Decentralisation Support project
Ukraine [email protected]
Syfric Eva Swiss Red Cross Switzerland [email protected]
Vyas Anil Dutt Manipal University Jaipur, India India [email protected]
Wiederkehr Frank SDC/SECO Macedonia [email protected]
Yeya Douma HSI Niger [email protected]
Yodgorov Bekhruz Oxfam GB office in Tajikistan Tajikistan [email protected]
32nd AGUASAN Workshop
The water goal
Means of Implementation
Country cases
Results
Annex
References
Notes
Acronyms
Agenda
Methodological
approach
Participants
Indicators
MoI Practice Examples
Field trip
AGUASANCommunity of Practice
Proposed SDG#6 Indicators
6.1.1 Safely managed drinking water services
6.2.1 Safely managed sanitation services, including a handwashing facility
6.3.1 Safely treated wastewater
6.3.2 Ambient water quality in water bodies
6.4.1 Change in water use-efficiency over time
6.4.2 Level of water stress
6.5.1 Degree of integrated water resource management implementation
6.5.2 Transboundary basin areas with an arrangement for water cooperation
6.6.1 Change in the extent of water-related ecosystems over time
6.a Water and sanitation ODA as part of coordinated spending plans
6.b Participation of local communities in water and sanitation management
11.5.1 Number of deaths persons affected by disaster
(© K. Medlicott)
32nd AGUASAN Workshop
The water goal
Means of Implementation
Country cases
Results
Annex
References
Notes
Acronyms
Agenda
Methodological
approach
Participants
Indicators
MoI Practice Examples
Field trip
« Back »
AGUASANCommunity of Practice
Presented Practice Examples
Policy,
institutional
framework
Multi-stakeholder
partnerships
Financing
mechanismsTechnology
Urban water projects Kyrgystan
(Tunzhurbek Kudabaev, Swiss
Embassy Kyrgyzstan)
Building water institutions in Bolivia
(Pascal Blunier, Helvetas
Intercooperation)
Multi-Stakeholder Processes Japan
(Binayak Das, Water Integrity
Network)
WHAVE Uganda (Adam Harvey,
Whave Solutions)
SuizAgua Colombia, Peru, Chile
(Diana Rojas, SDC)
IWRM in Bangladesh (Akramul
Haque, DASCOH Foundation)
Investmenting in Watershed Services
Peru (Jan Cassin, Forest Trends)
FINISH Program India (Kajetan
Hetzer, Socal Equity Fund)
Farmer’s Life (Obadiah Ngigi, F3 Life)
Agadir Water Compensation (José-
Luis Carrasco, Aquasis Solutions)
Pump for Life (Alphonsina Kanyeto,
MSABI)
32nd AGUASAN Workshop
The water goal
Means of Implementation
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MoI Practice Examples
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AGUASANCommunity of Practice
Urban Water Project Kyrgyzstan
• Context: lack of financial and managerial capacities, lack of post-sovjet
investments, deteriorating infrastructure, challenging implementation of
decentralised water services under on-going sector reform
• Proposed MoI for SDG#6: facilitating a coherent sector reform through
a combined approach of policy dialogue, corporate utility development,
stakeholder participation and physical infrastructure investments
• Achievements: creation of a state agency responsible for drinking
water, development of a national drinking water strategy, improved
managerial capacities in utilities resulting in reduced water losses and
implemented tariff reform
• Lessons learnt: the approach is meaningful to improve institution-
building and policy dialogue; stakeholder participation program is
effective to enhance ownership and accountability; political will remains
stumbling block
Presenter: Tunzhurbek Kudabaev, Swiss Embassy Kyrgyzstan
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32nd AGUASAN Workshop
The water goal
Means of Implementation
Country cases
Results
Annex
References
Notes
Acronyms
Agenda
Methodological
approach
Participants
Indicators
MoI Practice Examples
Field trip
AGUASANCommunity of Practice
Building Water Institutions in Bolivia
• Context: conflictual and fast-changing political framework («2000
guerra del agua» against tariff raise, privatisation and later de-
privatisation of inefficient/corrupt utility, commencing presidency of Evo
Morales)
• Proposed MoI for SDG#6: transitioning successful projects into actual
local institutions in order to capitalise on project achievements for long-
term policy- and decision-making
• Achievements: technical/political intervention was successfully
transferred into two institutions that became technical referents for the
development of management plans and the water agenda. Horizontal
and vertical cooperation as well as social capital was successfully
increased
• Lessons learnt: conflictive and political nature of water management/
use must be recognised and articulated with stakeholders; long-term
commitment is required
Presenter: Pascal Blunier, Helvetas Intercooperation/CSD Engineers
Policy, institutional framework Multi-stakeholder partnerships Finance Technology
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32nd AGUASAN Workshop
The water goal
Means of Implementation
Country cases
Results
Annex
References
Notes
Acronyms
Agenda
Methodological
approach
Participants
Indicators
MoI Practice Examples
Field trip
AGUASANCommunity of Practice
Multi-Stakeholder Processes Japan
• Context Japan: recovering/modernising post-WWII Japan in times of
high demand for land and food
• Proposed MoI for SDG#6: conducting repeated face-to-face
stakeholder consultations when developing basin plans in order to
enhance citizen engagement and local ownership for IWRM
• Achievements: effective formats for participation (e.g. working groups,
fora) created, awareness and citizen engagement enhanced, resilience
(e.g. drought conciliation, flood control) increased
• Lessons learnt: multi-stakeholder processes (MSPs) are time-
consuming and must respond to local sensitivities; success factors for
MSPs: open information sharing in local language and allying with
influential institutional leaders
Presenter: Binayak Das, Water Integrity Network (WIN e.V)
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32nd AGUASAN Workshop
The water goal
Means of Implementation
Country cases
Results
Annex
References
Notes
Acronyms
Agenda
Methodological
approach
Participants
Indicators
MoI Practice Examples
Field trip
AGUASANCommunity of Practice
Sustainable O&M for WASH Systems Uganda
• Context: prolonged down-time and O&M failure of improved Ugandan
water sources leading to premature abandonment as well as to
groundwater and household drinking water contamination
• Proposed MoI for SDG#6: incentivising O&M through performance-
based payments and contracts between service utilities, SMEs and
Water & Sanitation Committees
• Achievements: significant improvement of source reliability in 150
communities in 5 districts, enhanced willingness to pay, improved
income security of technicians, enhanced hygiene levels
• Lessons learnt: business perspective is appreciated by communities;
hygiene grading is useful to generate peer-competition and to reward
hygiene promoters
Presenter: Adam Harvey, Whave Solutions
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6.1. Drinking water 6.2. Sanitation 6.3. Wastewater 6.4. WU-efficiency 6.5. IWRM 6.6. Ecosystems
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32nd AGUASAN Workshop
The water goal
Means of Implementation
Country cases
Results
Annex
References
Notes
Acronyms
Agenda
Methodological
approach
Participants
Indicators
MoI Practice Examples
Field trip
AGUASANCommunity of Practice
SuizAgua Colombia, Peru, Chile
• Context: economic growth/market globalisation, increase in water
demand and pollution
• Proposed MoI for SDG#6: implementing the Water Footprint Concept in
large enterprises as means to improve water-use efficiency and
Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR)
• Achievements: Chile: 4’000 m3/m saved; Colombia: 1’000 m3/month
groundwater saved and 73m3/month rainwater harvested; Peru: 2’170
m3/month saved and 8m3/month fog water retained + economic savings
• Lessons learnt: large companies are not always aware of their
environmental impact; Water Footprint Concept is a promising
approach to increase the responsibility of the private sector across
countries and sectors (especially if linked to ISO standard) but requires
integration of additional social/environmental criteria
Presenter: Diana Rojas, SDC
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32nd AGUASAN Workshop
The water goal
Means of Implementation
Country cases
Results
Annex
References
Notes
Acronyms
Agenda
Methodological
approach
Participants
Indicators
MoI Practice Examples
Field trip
AGUASANCommunity of Practice
IWRM in Bangladesh
• Context: existing but fragmented regulatory framework on IWRM, lack of
institutional IWRM responsibility, evolving governance and fragile
decentralisation, lack of access for disadvantaged groups due to depleting
groundwater and arsenic contamination
• Proposed MoI for SDG#6: developing a harmonised regulatory system that
incentivises 4R (Reduce, Reuse, Recycle, Restore)-compliant systems
through rewards and rebates
• Achievements: enabling environment created; institutional coordination
improved; 4R-aligned water systems effectively promoted water-use
efficiency and aquifer recharge enhanced
• Lessons learnt: enabling environment is key for any implementation
measure; evidence- and data-based advocacy can rally stakeholders to
adopt nexus approach; participatory policy-making and field-testing is
conducive to acceptance and ownership
Presenter: Akramul Haque, DASCOH Foundation
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6.1. Drinking water 6.2. Sanitation 6.3. Wastewater 6.4. WU-efficiency 6.5. IWRM 6.6. Ecosystems
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32nd AGUASAN Workshop
The water goal
Means of Implementation
Country cases
Results
Annex
References
Notes
Acronyms
Agenda
Methodological
approach
Participants
Indicators
MoI Practice Examples
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AGUASANCommunity of Practice
Investment in Watershed Services Peru
• Context: increasing water stress, growing financing gap for water
infrastructure, lack of watershed protection
• Proposed MoI for SDG#6: promoting green infrastructure (e.g. traditional
infiltration ditches) through bi- or multi-lateral agreements between
downstream funders and upstream implementers of watershed services
• Achievements: natural vegetation cover and soils restored through
watershed protection measures, down-stream water availability
increased, management capacities and social cohesion of communities
strengthened, traditional knowledge valorised
• Lessons learnt: green infrastructure can be a cost-effective
complementation of grey infrastructure (reduced treatment costs,
contribution to effectiveness of grey infrastructure) but uncertainties on
performance must be addressed; green infrastructure can contribute to
achievement of numerous SDGs culture-shift in ODA required
Presenter: Jan Cassin, Forest Trends
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32nd AGUASAN Workshop
The water goal
Means of Implementation
Country cases
Results
Annex
References
Notes
Acronyms
Agenda
Methodological
approach
Participants
Indicators
MoI Practice Examples
Field trip
AGUASANCommunity of Practice
FINISH Program India
• Context: large financing gap for WASH-SMEs despite excellent Returns
on Investment; lack of valorisation of excreta and organic waste; poor
support for entrepreneurs
• Proposed MoI for SDG#6: establishing international PPPs to apply
customised financial engineering for WASH systems along the entire
service and value chain
• Achievements: sanitation systems effectively built, enabling environment
for private sector created
• Lessons learnt: financing gap can be closed through innovative and
customised PPPs but «vulnerable groups» must be more differentiated to
match with adequate financing mechanisms; mix of financial instruments
and iterative capacity building/hand-holding required to ensure effective
exploitation of SME potential for the local economy; upscaling and
acceleration must be designed from the beginning and
stakeholders/financers must be integrated from the start
Presenter: Kajetan Hetzer, Social Equity Fund
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32nd AGUASAN Workshop
The water goal
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Country cases
Results
Annex
References
Notes
Acronyms
Agenda
Methodological
approach
Participants
Indicators
MoI Practice Examples
Field trip
AGUASANCommunity of Practice
Farmer’s Life
• Context: lack of access to appropriate credits for farmers, reduced crop
yields due to neglected watershed management
• Proposed MoI for SDG#6: providing farmers with access to eco-loans
with decreasing interest rates and increasing credit limits for enhanced
watershed protection
• Achievements: farmer motivation for watershed protection increased
overland run-off, soil loss and reservoir sedimentation reduced; yields,
water quality, climate change resilience and farmer’s income increased
• Lessons learnt: farmer’s demand for green credits exists (high payback
rate); green credits are strong incentive for behavioural change
(possibility for scale up to fishermen, pastoralist and forest-adjacent
communities)
Presenter: Obadiah Ngigi, F3 Life
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32nd AGUASAN Workshop
The water goal
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Country cases
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Notes
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Methodological
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Participants
Indicators
MoI Practice Examples
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AGUASANCommunity of Practice
Water Compensation Morocco
• Context: extreme water stress and inefficient irrigation in producer region
of fruit-importing Swiss retailer, resulting in considerable business risk
• Proposed MoI for SDG#6: establishing a PPP framework to facilitate the
compensation of the water footprint of imported fruits and vegetable
through Water Benefit Certificates (WBC) that are reinvested in local
source and watershed protection measures
• Achievements: - (project still ongoing)
• Lessons learnt: awareness for water-related business risks is growing
SDG#6 can be interesting business case but businesses need to be
supported where they can have a strong impact on SDG achievement;
MSPs are time-consuming and challenging but can mobilise and leverage
substantial funds
Presenter: José-Luis Carrasco, Aquasis Solutions
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6.1. Drinking water 6.2. Sanitation 6.3. Wastewater 6.4. WU-efficiency 6.5. IWRM 6.6. Ecosystems
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32nd AGUASAN Workshop
The water goal
Means of Implementation
Country cases
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Annex
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Notes
Acronyms
Agenda
Methodological
approach
Participants
Indicators
MoI Practice Examples
Field trip
AGUASANCommunity of Practice
Pump for Life Tanzania
• Context: widespread failure of water points, lack of access to safe
drinking water for rural population
• Proposed MoI for SDG#6: providing a subscription-based, proactive and
reactive waterpoint maintenance service based on a decentralised
network of O&M technicians and real-time, ICT-based monitoring of
service reliability, customer satisfaction and life-cycle costs
• Achievements: waterpoint functionality increased (99% as opposed to
60% for water points and 23% in schools), response time increased (24h
as opposed to 17,5 days), cost recovery achieved for spare parts and
mechanic labour – breakeven expected in 2020 through program scaling
and increase of premium
• Lessons learnt: demand exists potential for wider application; mobile-
phone-based payments can increase on-time and overall payment and
can reduce misuse of (project) funds
Presenter: Alphonsina Kanyeto, MSABI
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6.1. Drinking water 6.2. Sanitation 6.3. Wastewater 6.4. WU-efficiency 6.5. IWRM 6.6. Ecosystems
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32nd AGUASAN Workshop
The water goal
Means of Implementation
Country cases
Results
Annex
References
Notes
Acronyms
Agenda
Methodological
approach
Participants
Indicators
MoI Practice Examples
Field trip
AGUASANCommunity of Practice
Field Trip to Lake Baldegg
Context 1975
• Intensive livestock production and overfertilisation in agriculture
• Compact, erosion-prone soils lead to direct run-off
• Lack of efficient wastewater treatment system
• Consequences for Lake Baldegg: high phosphorus loads and lake eutrophication
• decrease in water clarity
• growth of aquatic plants / algal bloom
• decrease in fish stocks
Measures taken in 1980‘s
• Connection of households to public
sewerage systems in urban areas
• Attempt to reduce of overfertilisation by
installing larger storage tanks for liquid
manure
• Artificial aeration of Lake Baldegg in
summer, artificial mixing of water layers in
winter to increase oxygen levels
32nd AGUASAN Workshop
The water goal
Means of Implementation
Country cases
Results
Annex
References
Notes
Acronyms
Agenda
Methodological
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Participants
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MoI Practice Examples
Field trip
Img.13: Oxygen tank for artificial aeration (© Seetaler Bote)
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AGUASANCommunity of Practice
Field Trip to Lake Baldegg
Achievements
• Decrease in phosphorous concentration
• Increase in biodiversity levels
• Improvement of lake clarity
Remaining issues
• Decrease of phosphorous intake from households cancelled out by further
intensification of livestock production continuously high phosphorous intake from
tributaries (majority of soils remain phosphorous-saturated)
• Unsustainable solution: adequate oxygen concentration depends on artificial aeration
• Lack of political/ societal will to reduce cattle numbers (strong farmers’ lobby in the
catchment area)
• High costs of artificial aeration (700-800’000 CHF / year)
Need for further action
• Reduction of overfertilisation in order to terminate artificial aeration
• Structural restoration of rivers, riverbanks and lake shores
• Improvement of water cycle in the entire watershed (provision of adequate space,
more rainwater seepage)
• Continuous monitoring
32nd AGUASAN Workshop
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AGUASANCommunity of Practice
Field Trip to Lake Baldegg
Possible solution I: Organic farming (Franz Stadelmann)
• For decades, intensive production was seen as the only way forward to meet the
growing demand after WWII
• Today, organic farming is again on the rise due to enhanced consumer awareness and
willingness of major retailers to push (profitable!) niche market
• Organic farming: no-till, prolonged planting cycles, renouncement to artificial fertilizer
and pesticides, (almost) closed nutrient cycle on farm level, reduced stock numbers,
etc. 75% less phosphorous emission compared to conventional agriculture
Conclusion: nutrient overload can be prevented by closing the water & nutrient cycle
on farm level
Img.14: Question and answers with organic farmer Franz Stadelmann
32nd AGUASAN Workshop
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AGUASANCommunity of Practice
Field Trip to Lake Baldegg
Possible solution II: Protection of the lake environment (Marleen Schäfer)
• ProNatura (Swiss NGO for nature protection) bought Lake Baldegg in 1940 and
installed a protected area of 6-7 meters along the shoreline
• Further ideas:
• Implementation of fertiliser-trading-scheme (Nutrient Benefit Certificates)
• Incentivising alternative, non-livestock-based production systems (e.g. standard fruit trees)
Conclusion: the problem can only be solved by addressing the root cause. Lake
aeration is nothing but fighting symptoms
Possible solution III: A regional development perspective (Hans Peter Stutz)
• Swiss regional development seeks to improve economic development in rural areas
• It considers challenges like the one of Lake Baldegg as a business opportunity
• Project idea (rejected due to influence of farmers’ lobby):
• Phase 1: Water purification with cultivated cattail in retention basins
• Phase 2: extraction and sale of phosphorous from Lake Baldegg
• Phase 3: repositioning local agriculture (decentivising intensive livestock production)
Conclusion: every challenge can be an opportunity; sometimes quick-wins should be
sought without providing answers to all open questions to prevent projects to be
rejected from the start
32nd AGUASAN Workshop
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AGUASANCommunity of Practice
SDG#6 targets and the water & nutrient cycle, as elaborated during AGUASAN 2016 « Back »
AGUASANCommunity of Practice
Interdependencies of SDG#6 targets, the water & nutrient cycle and other SDGs, as elaborated during AGUASAN 2016 « Back »
AGUASANCommunity of Practice
Challenges in the SDG#6 water & nutrient cycle; as elaborated during AGUASAN 2016 « Back »