2015 Milach Et Al. - A New Species of Tree Crickets Oecanthus (Orthoptera Gryllidae Oecanthinae) in Tobacco Plantation From Southern Brazil, With Body Color Variation

7/25/2019 2015 Milach Et Al. - A New Species of Tree Crickets Oecanthus (Orthoptera Gryllidae Oecanthinae) in Tobacco Plant

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266 Accepted by D. Rentz: 25 Aug. 2015; published: 15 Sept. 2015

ZOOTAXA

ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition)

ISSN

1175-5334

(online edition)Copyright 2015 Magnolia Press

Zootaxa4018 (2): 266278www.mapress.com/zootaxa/

Articlehttp://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4018.2.6

http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:68E10637-BB9E-4508-B509-8C7B0814E882

A new species of tree crickets Oecanthus(Orthoptera, Gryllidae, Oecanthinae)

in tobacco plantation from Southern Brazil, with body color variation

ELISA MACHADO MILACH1, LUCIANO DE P. MARTINS2, MARIA KTIA MATIOTTI DA COSTA3,

MARCO SILVA GOTTSCHALK1, GABRIEL LOBREGAT DE OLIVEIRA4, DARLAN RUTZ RED1,

ALEXANDRE SCHNEID NEUTZLING5, JOS EDUARDO FIGUEIREDO DORNELLES1,

LUCAS AZEVEDO VASCONCELLOS1& EDISON ZEFA1,61Programa de Ps-Graduao em Entomologia, Depto. de Ecologia, Zoologia e Gentica, IB, Universidade Federal de Pelotas,

Capo do Leo s/n., 96010-900, Brazil2Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amaznia (INPA), Coordenao de Biodiversidade, av. Andr Arajo, 2936, 69060-001, Manaus,

Amazonas, Brazil3Pontifcia Universidade Catlica do Rio Grande do SulFaculdade de Biocincias - Depto. de Biodiversidade e Ecologia - Lab. de

Entomologia. Av. Ipiranga, 6681, 90619-900, Porto Alegre, Brazil4

Programa de Ps-Graduao em Ecologia, Depto. de Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Viosa, Campus Universitrio, Av.PHRolfs s/n, Viosa, Brazil5Programa de Ps-Graduao em Biologia Animal, Instituto de Biocincias, UNESPSo Jos do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil6Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected]

Abstract

We provide herein a description of a new species of Oecanthuscollected from the tobacco plantation in southern Brazil,

municipality of So Loureno do Sul, State of Rio Grande do Sul. Description focused metanotal gland features, phallic

sclerites, and calling song. A large sampling of individuals was distributed into four groups according to body and append-

ages color and dotted. We also rank all kind of marks present in the scape and pedicel. We compare linear morphometric

variables of the metanotal glands and tegmina, as well as calling song parameters between groups in order do define allof them as the same species. Photographs and measurements are provided.

Key words: Insect, Ensifera, taxonomy, bioacoustics, metanotal gland

Introduction

The species of OecanthusServille, 1831 present in vivopale and homogeneous color, usually in shades of green orbrown, often translucent; some have pigmented marks on the ventral region of the scape and pedicel, whose shapevaries according to species (Fulton 1925; Walker 1963). The body color is lost in individuals preserved in alcohol,but the dotted and pigmented spots around the body and appendages are usually preserved.

Intraspecific variation in body color, as well as scape and pedicel marks in Oecanthus species have beenrecorded for a long time. In 1926, Fulton documented geographic variation of these traits in populations of O.nigricornisWalker, 1869, O. quadripunctatusBeutenmller, 1894, and O. argentinusSaussure, 1874 from UnitedStates, as well as the overlap of these characteristics between these species, which generated doubts about theidentity of each. Walker (1963) has shown that inter and intraspecific shades of brown and green in O. laricisWalker, 1963 and O. pinusBeutenmller, 1894 vary according to color tree they inhabit. This author also showsvariations in O. nigricornisbody color, and scape and pedicel black marking of the O. nigricornis, O. celerinictusWalker, 1963, O. argentinus, and O. quadripunctatus.

We found a large amount of individuals of Oecanthus in a tobacco plantation, and native bushes in themunicipality of So Loureno do Sul, state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Two species were previously identified asO. pallidusZefa, 2012 and O. lineolatusSaussure, 1897, both with light green body color, and a black rod-shapedmark in scape and pedicel (Zefa et al.2012). The other individuals are smaller when compared with both species,
mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]


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Zootaxa4018 (2) 2015 Magnolia Press 267A NEW SPECIES OF OECANTHUSFROM BRAZIL

and shown color ranging from yellow-green and light dotts to green-brown with darker dots, which initially led usto believe dealing with several species.

In this work we separate individuals into four groups according to body color and pigmentation shades, andcompare between groups conventional diagnostic traits as metanotal gland features, phallic sclerites, as well ascalling song, in order to describe a new species of Oecanthus.

Material and methods

We collected individuals on a tobacco plantation, and shrubs near district of So Joo da Reserva, municipality ofSo Loureno do Sul, State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, 311739.43S, 520902.76W, March, 2011.

Individuals were distributed in four groups (Figs 14) according to body color, as well as dotted shades pattern.Group 1 (n=14) with light yellow-green body, and very light dotted; Group 2 (n=50), light green, and black dotted;Group 3 (n=18), green and dotted darker than group 2; Group 4 (n=14), green-brown, and dotted darker than thegroup 3. Individuals of each group were photographed in vivowith camera NIKON 8800, and then fixed in 70%ethanol. We also describe and rank all kind of marks present in the scape and pedicel.

The following measurements were made: body length, pronotum length, pronotum width, head width,interocular distance, tibia III length, femur III length, metanotal gland length, metanotal gland width, area ofmatanotal gland, and scutellar cavity area. The right tegmen characteristcs obtained were: mirror area, harp area,dorsal field length, dorsal field width, number of acessory veins, file length, and file teeth number. We compare thelinear morphometric variables of the metanotal glands and tegmina of the four groups by Principal ComponentAnalysis with the PAST 2.17c program.

The genitalia were treated with an aqueous solution of 10% Potassium Hydroxide to remove muscles andmembranes; sclerites were placed in Petri dishes with glycerin, and then viewed through a stereomicroscope.

The holotype and paratypes were described after they lose their color in alcohol fixation. All photographs andmeasurements were obtained under a Discovery V20 Zeiss stereomicroscope, equipped with Axio Vision system.

The calling songs were field-recorded with a Sony PCM-D50 tape recorder, with microphone SennheiserME66/K6 placed about 10 to 20cm from calling males; songs were analyzed using Cool Edit PRO (SyntrilliumSoftware Corp.), and Avisoft-SASLab Lite softwares. The songs were digitized at sampling frequency 22050 Hzand a fast Fourrier transformation (FFT) was conducted. Spectrograms were made using the followingconfiguration: FFT length of 256 points, 12.5% frame size, hamming Window and window overlap of 99.1%. Theambient temperature in the calling male site was obtained with an INCOTERM L-007/09 thermometer; recordedindividuals were distributed in the Group 1 (n= 2), Group 2 (n=18), Group 3 (n=18), and Group 4 (n=3).

Song characters measured were: dominant frequency (highest intensity spectral component), pulse period(elapsed time from the beginning of a pulse to the beginning of the subsequent one), and pulse rate (number ofpulses per second). We consider a pulse as a train of sound cycles produced during inward movement of theforewings.

Oecanthus calling song parameters are temperature-dependent (Walker 1962a, b, 1963; Walker & Collins2010). Then, to evaluate the influence of temperature on temporal and spectral parameters two generalized linearmodels (GLM) were adjusted. For the first model, the pulse rate was set as response variable, and temperature andthe morphotypes as explanatory variables. For the second one, dominant frequency was set as response variable,and pulse rate and the groups as explanatory variables. It was considered the presence of interactions and excludedany non-significant terms to reach the minimum-adequate model. All adjusted models were compared to null oneswith ANCOVA. The statistical analyses were performed using R v.3.1.2 (R Core Team, 2014).

Depository. Holotype and 55 paratypes (50 adult males and 05 adult females) were deposited in the "Museu deZoologia da Universidade de So Paulo (MZUSP)". 46 paratypes (41 adult male and 05 adult females) weredeposited in the Invertebrates Collection of the Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amaznia (INPA). Calling songof the holotype and paratypes were indicated with the following labels: GG05, GG06, GG07, GG09, GG10, GG11,GG12, GG14; R01, R04, R05, R06, R07, R08; R09, R11, R12, R13, R14, R15, R17, R18, R19, R20, R21, R22,R25, R26, R29, W01, W02, W03, W04, W06, W07, W08, W09, W10, W11, W12, W14. These songs weredeposited in the Online Catalogue Orthoptera Species File Online (OSF) (http://orthoptera.speciesfile.org/).Results
http://orthoptera.speciesfile.org/http://orthoptera.speciesfile.org/


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ZEFAET AL.268 Zootaxa4018 (2) 2015Magnolia Press

Oecanthuspictus Milach & Zefa, n. sp.

Type material. Holotype : Brazil, Rio Grande do Sul, So Loureno do Sul, So Joo da Reserva,311739.43S, 520902.76W, 19.iii.2011, D.R. Red leg., calling song R07 (OSF), MZUSP.Paratypes: samedata of Holotype (10, 5, MZUSP). Same data 19.iii.2011. A.S. Neutzling, D.R. Red & G.L. Oliveira leg./ R01,R04, R05, R18 (4, MZUSP). Same data 20.iii.2011. A.S. Neutzling, D.R. Red & G.L. Oliveira leg. /GG05,GG07, GG09, R06, R08, R09, R11, R12, R13, R14, R15, R17, R19, R20, R21, R22, R25, R26, GG06, GG10,GG11, GG12, GG14 (23, MZUSP). Same data 21.iii.2011. A.S. Neutzling, D.R. Red & G.L. Oliveira leg. /R29(1, MZUSP). Same data 26.iii.2011, A.S. Neutzling, D.R. Red & G.L. Oliveira leg. /W01, W02, W03, W04,W06, W07, W08, W09, W10, W11 (10, MZUSP). Same data 27.iii.2011. Neutzling, D.R. Red & G.L. Oliveiraleg. /W12, W14 (2, MZUSP). Same data 19.iii.2011. Neutzling, D.R. Red & G.L. Oliveira leg. /(41, 5,INPA).

Etymology.The specific epithet refers to the black dots on body and appendages (from latimpictus= dotted).Diagnosis.Combination of the following characteristics: paired postocular lines; L-shaped pedicel mark; tibia

I and II proximal to distal marked with three dots, followed by an incomplete ring, plus three dots and four pairs ofdots; abdomen tergites with a pair of transversal strips reducing in intensity backward; scutum posterior medianlobe indented; pseudepiphallic main lobe V-shaped indented; endophallic sclerite anteriorly bifurcated, outerbranch truncated; ectophallic sclerite posteriorly V-shaped.

FIGURES 14. Male habitus of Oecanthus pictusn. sp.paratypes representing the groups according color pattern. 1Male of

the group 1. 2Male of the group 2. 3Male of the group 3. 4Male of the group 4.

Description, male holotype (Figs 512). Bodyslender, light green, punctulated; Headglabrous; clypeus andlabrum whitish; gena with pigmentar strips; frons with bristles; ecdysial suture pigmented, with short bristles;group of bristles above the eyes; occiput with a pair of parallel stripes posterior each eyes; green eyes in vivo, butblack eyes outlined of depigmented ommatidia when fixed in alcohol, depigmented ommatidia where lies thescape; ocelli absent; J-shaped marked scape, L-shaped marked pedicel, antennae flagellum alternating four timestwo thinner pingmentar ring with a thicker one, pattern is lost toward apex; maxillary palpi moderately elongatewith five joints, first and second subequal, smaller than the other three, marked with an incomplete pigmentar ring,third to fifth subequal, third with ventral strip, fourth with incomplete basal ring, and ventral strip, fifth fusiform,depressed at inner, with incomplete basal ring, and an apical diagonal complete ring; labial palpi three-jointed,

gradual increase in size toward apex, pigmentar mark at apex, third claviform, incomplete pigmentar ring at baseand apex. Thorax:pronotum slightly pubescent, pigmented, translucent, longer as wider, bristles on the border;


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tegmina translucent, longer than the abdome; hindwings short, reaching first two abdominal tergites; femur I dottedin dorsal face; tibia I proximal to distal marked with three dots, followed by an incomplete ring, plus three dots andfour pairs of dots, unarmed, swollen near base and mounted each side with an elongated-oval tympanum, innerlonger (0.44mm) than the outer (0.35mm); tarsus I three-jointed, basitarsus lighter and longer than two otherstogether; leg II with the same pattern of leg I, without tympanum; femur III dotted in dorsal face; tibia III samemarks pattern of tibia I, serrulated, armed with three pairs of subapical spurs tipped with black; there are blackspines between subapical spurs; three apical spurs at outer and four at inner face of the tibia III; basitarsus longerthan the two others together, armed with two subequal, apical, tipped with black spurs; the median tarsus thesmallest. Abdomen: tergites with a pair of transversal strips reducing in intensity backward; cerci slender, shorter(2.25mm) than the abdomen (5.86mm), marked with a subapical light brown ring; supranal plate translucent,rounded posteriorly, margin with long bristles; subgenital plate rounded posteriorly, with short lateral protuberance.

Metanotal Gland (Figs 9, 1314) pit wide, scutum with a pair of inflated protuberance, each including a tuft ofbristles projected medio-anteriorly (Fig. 13, a), a dense tuft of long bristles projected medio-posteriorly (Fig. 13, b),and a tuft of short bristles projected dorso-posteriorly (Fig. 13, c); posterior median lobe with median indentation,pubescent (Fig. 14, pml); scuto-scutellar suture slightly sinuous, without bristles (Fig. 13, ss); scutellum withlatero-posterior bristles. Measurements cavity area 0.47mm; scutum area 0.89mm; scutellum area 0.34mm;total gland length 1mm; total gland width 1.43mm; scutum lenght 0.75mm; scutum width 1mm; scutellum length0.25mm; scutellum width 1.28mm.

Right Tegmen (Fig. 10).Lateral field width, 3.42mm; lateral field length, 6.83mm; 12 acessory veins; dorsalfield projected beyond abdomen; basal area reduced, including veins 1A, 2A, 3A and Cu

2, last forming the file with

47 teeth (Fig. 7); file length, 0.86mm; chordal area bearing the veins 2A, 1A e Cu2; harpa area, 3.42mm, harp with

three cross veins slightly sinuous; mirror area, 8.65mm, mirror with two straight cross veins; apical area reduced.Calling song (Figs 1517). Field recorded in 19.iii.2011, at 19h30, ambient temperature at 14C; trill with

dominant frequency of 2422 Hz, pulse period of 0.037s, and pulse rate of 28 pulses/second.Observations in Paratypes. There were four groups of body color pattern in O. pictusn. sp.:group 1, light

yellow-green, and very light dotts (Fig. 1); group 2, light green, and dark dotts (Fig. 2); group 3, green, and dottsdarker than group 2 (Fig. 3); and group 4, green-brown, and dotts more intense than the group 3 (Fig. 4).

Legs I, II and III punctulated (Figs 2325); tibiae I and II proximal to distal (dorsal view) with three marks

forming, followed by an incomplete ring, plus three marks, and then three or four pairs of marks (Fig. 25, ag),some individuals showed failures in the pair marks formation.Antennae. Scape and pedicel marks varying in the shape and pigmentation marks (Fig. 27).Phallic sclerites (Figs 2838). Pseudepiphallic main lobe slightly inflated with V-median indentation;

pseudepiphallic apodemes present; rami prolonged laterally, and fused posteriorly; lateral endophallic scleriteposteriorly bilobed, anteriorly bifurcated, with outer branch truncated (Figs 29, 30, 37, 38, arrow); ectophallicsclerite posteriorly V-bifurcate with inner branches forming an ectophallic fold, and outer placed betweenendophallic lobes.

Male and Female body Measurements. Tab. 1.

TABLE 1. Oecanthus pictusn. sp.Male and female measurements(mm).

Structure Male Female (n=10)body length 10.20.66 (911.5, n=40) 110.6 (1011.6)

pronoto length 1.60.12 (1.41.8, n=64) 1.70.06 (1.61.8)

pronoto width 1.70.12 (1.52, n=63) 1.70.06 (1.61.8)

head width 1.40.06 (1.21.5, n=65) 1.50.05 (1.41.5)

interocular distance 0.570.07 (0.480.71, n=66) 0.590.03 (0.530.62)

femur III length 5.50.29 (56, n=64) 4.20.23 (44.4)

tibia III length 6.10.29 (5.56.6, n=61) 5.70.34 (5.36.7)

ovipositor length - 4.20.14 (44.4)


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FIGURES 512. Oecanthus pictusn. sp.holotype male. 5habitus in lateral view; 6habitus in dorsal view; 7stridulatory

file; 8head and pronotum, dorsal view; 9Metanotal gland; 10right tegmen; 11subgenital plate; 12supranal plate.


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FIGURES 1314. Metanotal gland of Oecanthus pictusn. sp paratype.13whole gland, dorsal view; 14posterior median

lobe. Conventions: Scscutum; Stscutellum; ssscutoscutellar suture; pmlposterior median lobe; atuft of bristlesprojected medio-anteriorly; bbristles projected medio-posteriorly; cbristles projected dorso-posteriorly.

Right Tegmen Measurements. Dorsal field length 7.8mm0.33 (7.18.7, n=47); dorsal field width3.6mm0.17 (3.34, n=47); lateral field acessory veins 11.20.97 veins (913, n=36); mirror area 10.1mm0.93(8.212.2, n=47); harp area 4.3mm0.39 (3.25 n=41); file length 1.1mm0.06 (0.82.6, n=50); file teeth number463.64 (3949, n=45). The table 2 presents right tegmen measurements comparing the four groups of O. pictusn.sp.We carried out a Principal Component Analysis comparing of the tegmen measurements in the four groupsdeffined by the body colour of specimens, and no differences were seen (component one 90.7%, and componenttwo 7.6%) (Fig. 39).

TABLE 2. Oecanthus pictusn. sp. rigth tegmen measurements.

Metanotal Gland Measurements (n=86). Metanotal gland length, 1.2mm0.07 (1.11.4); metanotal glandwidth, 1.5mm0,08 (1.21.7); cavity area 0.57mm0,15 (0.450.65); scutum area 1.1mm0.08 (0.91.3mm);scutellum area 0.42mm0.04 (0.310.52); scutum length 0.88mm0.06 (0.761.11); scutum width 1.5mm0.08(1.21.7); scutellum length 0.36mm0.03 (0.280.45); scutellum width 1.3mm0.06 (1.11.5). The table 3presents metanotal gland measurements comparing the four groups of O. pictus n. sp. The comparison of the

tegmen measurements shows no difference in the four groups (Principal Component Analysis: component one68.8%, and componente two 19.7%) (Fig. 40).

Structure/Groups 1, n=12 2, n=12 3, n=11 4, n=6 Average

Dorsal field length (mm) 7.80.23

(7.488.25)

7.80.35

(78.26)

7.60.34

(7.088.21)

7.60.28

(7.227.94)

7.80.33

(7.18.7)

Dorsal field width (mm) 3.690.15

(3.483.94)

3.70.18

(3.273.97)

3.610.17

(3.323.96)

3.570.13

(3.403.78)

3.60.17

(3.34)

Number of lateral field

acessory veins

11.41.1

(913)

10.90.76

(1012)

11.730.75

(1013)

11.670.94

(1013)

11.20.97

(913)

mirror area (mm) 10.50.87

(9.112.2)

10.20.89

(7.9311.2)

9.540.82

(8.1911.3)

9.800.71

(8.5710.7)

10.10.93

(8.212.2)

harp area (mm) 4.50.26

(4.124.99)

4.40.38

(3.684.99)

4.040.37

(3.234.81)

4.270.29

(3.904.65)

4.30.39

(3.25)file length (mm) 1.00.04

(0.931.09)

1.00.06

(0.81.05)

0.930.06

(0.791.01)

0.950.04

(0.901)

1.10.06

(0.82.6)

file teeth number 47.22.44

(4451)

45.73.32

(4149)

412.06

(3945)

48.21.67

(4651)

463.64

(3949).


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FIGURES 1519. Calling songs of Oecanthus pictusn. sp.15Holotype spectrogram; 16oscillogram of two pulses; 17

oscillogram of the trill; 18regression lines showing the effect of temperature on pulse rate; 19relationship betweendominant frequency and pulse rate.


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FIGURES 2025. Head, pronotum and legs of Oecanthus pictusn. sp. paratypes.20, 21, 22head and pronotum, lateral view,

increasing pigmentation; 23legs I and II, respectively, lateral view, inner and outer faces; 24legs III, lateral view; 25

Tibia III, lateral view. Conventions: Lleft leg outer side; Rright leg inner side; a,cset of three marks; bring; dg

pairs of marks.

TABLE 3. Oecanthus pictusn. sp.metanotal gland measurements.

Calling song (Figs 1819). Individuals recorded:Group 1: R04 and R05; Group 2: SP04, GG06, GG10, GG11,GG12, R01, R11, R13, R18, R21, R25, R29, W02, W07, W08, W11, W12 and W14; Group 3: GG05, GG07,GG09, R06, R09, R12, R15, R17, R19, R20, R22, R26, W01, W03, W04, W06, W09 and W10; Group 4: SP06,GG14, R08 and R14. There were significant positive effect of temperature on pulse rate (F

1,39=717.58, p


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Female (Figs 4149). Body color and dotts pattern similar to males; supranal and subgenital plates as Figures48 and 49, respectively; ovipositor apex denticulated (Figs 4247); Measurements, Tab. 1.

Habitat. Same as O. lineolatusand O. pallidus(Zefa et al.2012).

FIGURE 27. Oecanthus pictusn. sp.Variation found in scape and pedicel marks, in ventral view. Conventions: apedicel;

bscape.


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FIGURES 2838. Male genitalia of Oecanthus pictusn. sp.28ventral view with membranes; 29phallic sclerites, dorsal

view; 30phallic sclerites, ventral view; 31main lobe of pseudepiphallus, dosal view; 32pseudepiphallus, ventral view;

33 pseudepiphallus, dorsal view; 34phallic sclerites, diagonal view; 35pseudepiphallus, diagonal view; 36ectophallic

sclerite; 37ectophallic and endophallic sclerites; 38endophallic sclerite. Conventions: MLPsmain lobe of

pseudepiphallus; MEnd.Sc-Median endophallic sclerite; LEnd.Sclateral endophallic sclerite; End.Sc.pendophallic

sclerite posterior lobes; Ect.Scectophallic sclerite; Ect.Fectophallic fold; Ecendophallic cavity; Rrami.

Discussion

Thirty four of the sixty nine species of Oecanthushave the scape and pedicel features documented, four of themwithout marks, and 30 with pigmented marks varying since a simple dot, as occurs in O. alexanderiWalker, 2010,to elaborated marks as occurs in O. argentinusand O. walkeriCollins & Symes, 2012. It is usual intraspecificvariations in the intensity of the marks, as occurs in O. rileyiBaker, 1905, O. fultoniWalker, 1962, O. forbesiTitus,1903, O. nigricornis, O. celerinictus, O. argentinus, O. quadripunctatus, and O. californicus Saussure, 1874(Fulton 1926b; Walker 1962a, 1963). Here we found over forty different scape marks patterns in O. pictusn. sp.,

all of them differing of the marks present in species in which this characteristic has been described.


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FIGURES 3940. Comparison of the metanotal glands and tegmina by Principal Component Analysis (PCA) using linear

variables. 39Metanotal gland; 40Tegmina. Group 1, red; Group 2, green; Group 3, blue; Group 4, yellow.

Phallic sclerites of nineteen species of Oecanthushad been studied, generally with little detailed descriptions,focusing on the pseudepiphallic main lobes, which in fact is the most divergent structure among species (Toms &Otte 1988). Here we break apart O. pictusn. sp.phallic sclerites and found close relationship with O. pallidusandO. lineolatus (Zefa et al. 2012), but differing in the pseudepiphallic main lobe, and anterior outer branch of theendophallic sclerite truncated.

The file teeth number were described in fifty species, ranging from 17 in O. exclamationis Davis, 1907 to 65 inO. rufopictusChopard, 1932 (Toms & Otte 1988). The file with 463.64 teeth (3949, n=45) separated O. pictusn.

sp.from O. henryiChopard, 1936 (32.4), O. capensis Saussure, 1878 (5057), O. galpini Toms & Otte, 1988 (63),O. pseudosimilis Otte, 1988 (37), O. similis Chopard, 1932 (53), O. macerKarsch, 1893(30), O. sycomorus Toms& Otte, 1988 (28), O. quadripunctatus (56,7),O. exclamationis (1723), O. leptogrammusWalker, 1962 (2132),O. niveus (De Geer, 1773) (2230), O. varicornisWalker, 1869 (2636), O. bilineatus Chopard & Chatterjee, 1937(33), O. indicus Saussure, 1878 (36),O. immaculatus Bruner, 1906 (24), O. jamaicensis Walker, 1969 (31), O.minutus Saussure, 1878 (37), andO. prolatus Walker, 1967 (28) (Metrani & Balakrishnan 2005; Toms & Otte1988; Walker 1962a, 1963, 1969).

We compared metanotal gland morphology of O. pictusn. sp.with thirty seven species, and found: i) theposterior median lobe rounded, as well as scutum bristles similar to O. bakeriCollins & van den Berghe, 2014 andO. belti Collins & van den Berghe, 2014 (Collins et al. 2014; Eades et al. 2015); ii) bristles tufts position similar toO. californicus and O. allardi Walker & Gurney, 1960,and scutum and scutellum features similar to O. nigricornis

and O. henryi (Collins 2015; Collins et al. 2014; Metrani & Balakrishnan 2005; Toms & Otte 1988; Walker &Gurney 1967).Oecanthus pictusn. sp.shared with O. pictipesthe occiput paired postocular lines, punctulate limbs, scape

marks similar to one of the patterns here described, annulate antennae flagellum, as well as the aborted hindwings(Rehn 1917). But we refuse to consider both as same species since O. pictipes have the body color antimonyyellow, and head vinaceous-rufous (Rehn 1917). Taxonomic status of O. pictipes will be solved after furtherspecimens collections in the municipality of Natal, State of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil, followed by detailedcharacterization on large amount of individuals. Nothing is known of calling song, metanotal glands, and phallicsclerites for this species.
http://www.oecanthinae.com/23101.htmlhttp://www.oecanthinae.com/23101.html


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FIGURES 4149.Oecanthus

pictusn. sp.female. 41habitus; 42, 44, 46cerci and ovipositor, lateral, dorsal and ventral

views, respectively; 43, 45, 47ovipositor apex, lateral, dorsal and ventral views, respectively; 48supranal plate; 49subgenital plate.


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Acknowledgment

This paper has benefited from grants received from Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientfico eTecnolgico (CNPq, Brazil) for the scholarship granted to Luciano de Pinho Martins (350059/2010-1 and 350059/2012-8), as well as financial support received from CNPq (Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientfico eTecnolgico) and FAPEMIG (Fundao de Amparo Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais)Process number563360/2010-0EditalMCT/CNPq/MMA/MEC/ CAPES/FNDCTAo Transversal/FAPs N 47/ 2010Sistema Nacional de Pesquisa em BiodiversidadeSISBIOTA Brasil.

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