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2014 Fall EES intensive lectures on Environmental Science
( Oct.7, 2014)
Noriyuki Tanaka
1) Census2) GEM course, GSES
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“Introduction to Sustainability”
http:// www.census.hokudai.ac.jphttp:// ees.hokudai.ac.jp
Objective of the lecture
– Understanding sustainability concept and its development history
– Helping you to make future vision in your future. (what future you want)
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Expanding human impacts
3
causes1) Population increase2) Economic expansion3) Higher QOL
Carrying Capacity limitation???
Paul EhrlichBiologist Drs Dennis & Donnela Meadows
1968AD 1972AD,2004AD
1987 “Our Common Future (我ら共有の未来)”
Dr. Brundtland WCED report
–Meeting the needs of the present generation without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their needsー我々の未来の世代が、そのニーズに応える能力を損なうことなく、現在のニーズに応えていく
持続可能な開発(Sustainable Development)
Rio- Earth Summit 1992
Rio Agenda 21
Severn Suzuki speaking at UN Earth Summit 1992
COP meetings 締約国会議スタート
MDG sミレニアム開発目標2005年に制定
この実現のための人材育成に日本が DESD を提案し実施している。
DESD: 持続可能な開発のための教育の10年
Land mark eventfor environmentalmovement
1997 年
Global view has been discussed so far.
Now, take a look atregional situation
Let’s see indicators for sustainability related items
Source: http://www.worldmapper.org/
Land area (表面積)
Population (人口)
Cereals Import (穀類輸入)
Gas & Coal Imports(天然ガスと石炭の輸入)
Suicide (自殺率)
War deaths( 戦争死者数)
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Source: http://www.worldmapper.org/
GDP Total GreenhouseGas emission ( GHG 排出量)
Area High-Tech Exports 2002
Groceries Imports (食料雑貨輸入) 鉱物資源採掘量
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* Ecological Footprints
http://www.globalfootprintnetwork.org/
Ecological Footprint
Country EF Bio-capacity Deficit
Indonesia 1.0 1.0 ~0
Taiwan 6.5 1.6 -4.9
Japan 4.3 0.8 -3.5
USA 9.7 4.7 -4.9
World 2.3 1.9 -0.4
(In global hectares per capita)
9
(2005)
*:人間活動が環境に与える負荷を、資源の再生産および廃棄物の浄化に 必要な面積として示した数値
The Happy planet index(HPI)
• The index for satisfactory, health and happy life without heavy burden to the earth
HPI = ( Life satisfactory x life time) / Ecological footprints
Top 5 HPI countries1 : Republic of Vanuatu (GDP 173 )2 : Republic of Columbia (GDP 43 )3 : Republic of Costa Rica (GDP 82 )4 : Dominican Republic (GDP 178 )5 : Republic of Panama (GDP 92 )
23: Indonesia (GDP19)84: Taiwan (GDP24)95: Japan ( GDP3 )102 S. Korea ( GDP12 )108 England ( GDP5 )150 USA ( GDP1 )172 Russia ( GDP9 )
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Bhutan Family size: 13
3 floor houseArea 65 ㎡
Major possessions Radio x 1Some silver wares
Working hrs per week 49hrs (7 hrs× 7days )Income per capita 186 US$
( C ) Material World / ユニフォトプレス
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Japan Family size: 4
area 128 ㎡2 floor house
Major possessions Radio (3) TV (1) Telephones (1) Car(1) Bike (1) PC(1) Videogame (1) Elec. piano (1) Refrigerator (1) Elec. oven (1) Elec. washer (1) Elec. dryer (1) Air conditioner(1) and more………
Working hrs per week Father 48 hrs Mather 60hrs
Income per capita 40000 US$
( C ) Material World / ユニフォトプレス
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持続性はどのように測る。• EFP ( Ecological Footprint: エコロジカルフットプリ
ント)• Green GDP(or Eco domestic product as EDP)• HPI ( Happy Planet Index: ハッピイプラネット
指数 )• HDI ( Human Development Index :人間開発指数)• GWA (Genuine Wealth Assessment ) as GPI (Genuine
Progress Indicator :真の進歩指標 )• Genuine Saving( 国民純貯蓄+教育支出-エネルギー
消耗-森林消耗-鉱物消耗-温暖化被害-浮遊粒子による損害)