2013 North India Floods - Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia

NASA satellite imagery of Northern India on 17

June, showing rainclouds that led to the disaster

Fatalities About 5,700 (presumed dead) (as of 16

July 2013)

Damages365 houses destroyed, 275

houses partially damaged (in

Uttarakhand)[1]

4,200 villages affected[2]

Areas

affected

India (Uttarakhand, Himachal

Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh)

Nepal (Far Western Region, Mid

Western Region)

2013 North India floods

2013 North India floodsFrom Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

In June 2013, a multi-day cloudburst centered on the North

Indian state of Uttarakhand caused devastating floods and

landslides in the country's worst natural disaster since the

2004 tsunami. Though some parts of Himachal Pradesh,

Haryana, Delhi and Uttar Pradesh in India, some regions of

Western Nepal, and some parts of Western Tibet also

experienced heavy rainfall, over 95% of the casualties

occurred in Uttarakhand. As of 16 July 2013, according to

figures provided by the Uttarakhand government, more than

5,700 people were "presumed dead."[3] This total included

934 local residents.[4]

Destruction of bridges and roads left about 100,000 pilgrims

and tourists trapped in the valleys leading to three of the four

Hindu Chota Char Dham pilgrimage sites.[5][6][7][8][9][10]

The Indian Air Force, the Indian Army, and paramilitary

troops evacuated more than 110,000 people from the flood

ravaged area.[11]

Contents

1 Origin2 Death and damage

2.1 Damage at Kedarnath town2.2 Other regions

2.2.1 National Capital Region2.2.2 Uttar Pradesh2.2.3 Himachal Pradesh2.2.4 Nepal

3 Rescue operations4 Aftermath5 Environmental issues6 References7 External links

Origin

From 14 to 17 June 2013, the Indian state of Uttarakhand and adjoining areas received heavy rainfall, which

was about 375 percent more than the benchmark rainfall during a normal monsoon.[12] This caused the melting

of Chorabari Glacier at the height of 3800 metres, and eruption of the Mandakini River[13] which led to heavy

floods near Gobindghat, Kedar Dome, Rudraprayag district, Uttarakhand, Himachal Pradesh and Western

Nepal, and acute rainfall in other nearby regions of Delhi, Haryana, Uttar Pradesh and some parts of Tibet.[14]

2013 North India floods - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2013_North_India_floods

1 of 9 12/25/2013 9:44 AM

Map of India showing Dehradun, capital

of Uttarakhand.

Effect of flood in Darchula district of

Nepal.

Broken end of footbridge over the

Mandakini River at Rudraprayag

Sangam.

The upper Himalayan territories of Himachal Pradesh and

Uttarakhand are full of forests and snow-covered mountains and thus

remain relatively inaccessible. They are home to several major and

historic Hindu and Sikh pilgrimage sites besides several tourist spots

and trekking trails. Heavy rainfall for four consecutive days as well as

melting snow aggravated the floods.[15] Warnings by the India

Meteorological Department predicting heavy rains were not given

wide publicity beforehand, causing thousands of people to be caught

unaware, resulting in huge loss of life and property.[16] In the city of

Dehra Dun, capital of Uttarakhand, this was the wettest June day for

over five decades.[17]

Death and damage

Landslides, due to the floods, damaged several houses and structures,

killing those who were trapped.[15] The heavy rains resulted in large

flashfloods and massive

landslides.[14] Entire villages and

settlements such as Gaurikund

and the market town of Ram

Bada, a transition point to

Kedarnath, have been

obliterated, while the market

town of Sonprayag suffered

heavy damage and loss of lives.[8][18] Pilgrimage centres in the

region, including Gangotri,

Yamunotri, Kedarnath and

Badrinath, the hallowed Hindu

Chardham (four sites) pilgrimage centers, are visited by thousands of

devotees, especially after the month of May onwards. Over 70,000 people were stuck in various regions because

of damaged or blocked roads.[15] People in other important locations like the Valley of flowers, Roopkund and

the Sikh pilgrimage centre Hemkund were stranded for more than three days.[15] National Highway 58, an

important artery connecting the region was also washed away near Jyotirmath and in many other places.[18]

Because summers have more number of tourists, the number of people impacted is substantial.[19] For more

than three days, stranded pilgrims and tourists were without rations or survived on little food.[20] The roads were

seriously damaged at more than 450 places, resulting in huge traffic jams, and the floods caused many cars and

other vehicles to be washed away.[15] On 18 June, more than 12,000 pilgrims were stranded at Badrinath, the

popular pilgrimage center located on the banks of the Alaknanda River.[21][22][23] Rescuers at the Hindu

pilgrimage town of Haridwar on the river Ganga recovered bodies of 40 victims washed down by the flooded

rivers as of 21 June 2013.[24] Bodies of people washed away in Uttarakhand were found in distant places like

Bijnor, Allahabad and Bulandshahr in Uttar Pradesh.[25] Searching for bodies who died during the extreme

natural fury of June in Kedar valley continued for several months and even as late as September, 2013, about

556 bodies were found out of which 166 bodies were found in highly decomposed state during fourth round of

search operations.[26]

Dehradun


2 of 9 12/25/2013 9:44 AM

Kedarnath temple, before floods

Damage at Kedarnath town

Although the Kedarnath Temple itself was not damaged, its base was

inundated with water, mud and boulders from the landslide, damaging its

perimeter.[22] Many hotels, rest houses and shops around the temple in

Kedarnath township were destroyed, resulting in several casualties. Most

of the destruction at Kedarnath was caused by a sudden rapid melting of

ice and snow on the Kedarnath Mountain, 6 km (3.7 mi) from the

temple, which flooded the Charbari lake (upstream) and then Kedarnath.

The temple was flooded with water resulting in several deaths due to

drowning and panic-driven stampede.[27] The Uttarakhand Government

announced that due to the extensive damage to the infrastructure, the

temple will be temporarily closed to regular pilgrims and tourists for a

year or two, but the temple rituals will still be maintained by priests.[28][29][30] Even after a week, dead bodies had not been removed from Kedarnath town, resulting in water

contamination in the Kedarnath valley and villagers who depend on spring water suffered various types of

health problems like fever, diarrhoea.[31] When the flood receded, satellite images showed one new stream at

Kedarnath town. No damage at the Kedarnath Temple occurred.

Other regions

National Capital Region

Delhi, Gurgaon and surrounding areas received a high amount of rainfall on 16 June 2013, leading to flooding of

the low lying areas of the cities.[32] The Yamuna River swelled to a new high of 207.75 meters submerging the

low lying flood plains along the banks.[33][34]

Uttar Pradesh

608 villages, covering a population of 7 lakhs, in 23 districts of Uttar Pradesh were affected by the flood and As

of 11 July 2013 more than 120 deaths were reported from the state.[35]

Himachal Pradesh

In Himachal Pradesh, floods caused loss of life and property and death toll in the state was 20.[36]

Nepal

About 6000 citizens of Nepal were visiting the Indian region, of which 1,000 were rescued as of 22 June

2013.[37] Flooding of the Dhauliganga and the Mahakali rivers had caused extensive damage, with reports of

128 houses and 13 government offices swept away and over 1000 people homeless.[38][39] A bridge that joins

the India-Nepal border is highly damaged or destroyed.

Rescue operations

See also: Operation Rahat and Operation Surya Hope


3 of 9 12/25/2013 9:44 AM

Satellite image of the affected region,

taken on 30 May by NASA's MODIS.

Same location, shot on 21 June during

the height of the floods

The Army, Air Force, Navy, Indo-Tibetan Border Police (ITBP),

Border Security Force, National Disaster Response Force (NDRF),

Public Works Department and local administrations worked together

for quick rescue operations.[14] Several thousand soldiers were

deployed for the rescue missions.[40] Activists of political and social

organizations are also involved in the rescue and management of relief

centres.[41] The national highway and other important roads were

closed to regular traffic.[15] Helicopters were used to rescue people,

but due to the rough terrain, heavy fog and rainfall, maneuvering them

was a challenge.[17] By 21 June 2013, the Army had deployed 10,000

soldiers and 11 helicopters,[28][42] the Navy had sent 45 naval divers,

and the Air force had deployed 43 aircraft including 36 helicopters.[43]

From 17 June to 30 June 2013, the IAF airlifted a total of 18,424

people - flying a total of 2,137 sorties and dropping/landing a total of

3,36,930 kg of relief material and equipment.[44]

On 25 June, one of 3 IAF Mil Mi-17 rescue helicopters returning from

Kedarnath, carrying 5 Air Force Officers, 9 of the NDRF, and 6 of the

ITBP crashed on a mountainous slope near Gauri Kund, killing all on

board.[45][46] The deceased soldiers were given a ceremonial Guard of

honour by Home minister of India, at a function organised by the

Uttarakhand State Government.[47]

Aftermath

The Prime Minister of India undertook an aerial survey of the affected areas and announced 1000 crore

(US$150 million) aid package for disaster relief efforts in the state.[48] Several state governments announced

financial assistance, with Uttar Pradesh pledging 25 crore (US$3.8 million),[49] the governments of

Haryana,[50] Maharashtra[51] and Delhi 10 crore (US$1.5 million) each, the governments of Tamil Nadu,[52]

Odisha,[53] Gujarat,[54] Madhya Pradesh and Chhattisgarh 5 crore (US$770,000) each. The US Ambassador to

India extended a financial help of USD $150,000 through the United States Agency for International

Development (USAID) to the NGOs working in the area.[55] and announced that the US will provide further

financial aid of USD $75,000.[55]

The Government of India also cancelled 9 batches, or half the annual batches of the Kailash-Mansarovar Yatra,

a Hindu pilgrimage.[56] The Chardham Yatra pilgrimage, covering Gangotri, Yamunotri, Kedarnath and

Badrinath was cancelled for 2 years to repair damaged roads and infrastructure, according to the Uttarakhand

Government.[16]

Government agencies and priests of Kedarnath temple were planning mass cremation of the hundreds of victims,

after one week of tragedy.[57][58] Local youths from several affected villages near Gangotri helped stranded

tourists and pilgrims, by sending messages to their places and by providing food.[59] Rescuers also retrieved

approximately 1 crore (US$150,000) and other jewellery from local persons, including some people dressed

like sadhu babas, who reportedly collected it from a destroyed building of a Bank and damaged shops.[60][61][62]


4 of 9 12/25/2013 9:44 AM

Environmental issues

Unprecedented destruction by the rainfall witnessed in Uttarakhand state was attributed, by environmentalists,

to unscientific developmental activities undertaken in recent decades contributing to high level of loss of

property and lives. Roads constructed in haphazard style, new resorts and hotels built on fragile river banks and

more than 70 hydroelectric projects in the watersheds of the state led to a "disaster waiting to happen" as termed

by certain environmentalists.[63] The environmental experts reported that the tunnels built and blasts undertaken

for the 70 hydro electric projects contributed to the ecological imbalance in the state, with flows of river water

restricted and the streamside development activity contributing to a higher number of landslides and more

flooding.[63]

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External links

Non profit site for Uttarakhand flash flood (http://www.uttarakhandpralay.org)Finder: 2013 Uttarakhand Floods (http://google.org/personfinder/2013-uttrakhand-floods/Person)Resources on Uttarakhand (http://www.indiaenvironmentportal.org.in/category/thesaurus/uttaranchal-uttarakhand)Uttarakhand Flood Helpline Numbers (http://indialookup.in/uttarakhand-helpline-numbers/)Image gallery (http://www.indianexpress.com/picture-gallery/uttarakhand-worst-hit-as-rain-floods-kill-at-least-60-in-north-india/2914-1.html), Indian Express

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