2013 NEW How to Write a Scientific Paper

8/12/2019 2013 NEW How to Write a Scientific Paper

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How to write a scientificpaper

A/P Dr Tony Ng Kock Wai

IMU

(From 2012)



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Explain and discuss how to write a scientific paperwith regard to the following:

Choice of Journal to submit- Impact Factor,

Guidelines to contributorsStructure of a scientific paperHow to write each section of the paperTitle, abstract, author(s) and affiliation(s)IntroductionMaterials and Methods

ResultsDiscussionConclusion

AcknowledgementReferences

Ethics of publication (Conflict of interest, plagiarism)

Lesson Outcomes

At the end of tis lesson, the student should

be able to:



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Refer to your original ResearchProtocol submitted to the Research

& Ethics Committee for details

1.

HOW TO WRITE A SCIENTIFIC PAPER





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Study the “Guidelines

to contributors”

provided by the editor

of the Journal:manuscript format,

font size, spacinglength of paper

tables & figures,

format of references

3.



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4. Draft the scientific

paper

Usually a few drafts are required [with

input from co-author(s), supervisor] before

the final version is ready to be sent to the

editor of the Journal selected.



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Palm olein and olive oil exert similar

normocholesterolemic effects in healthy Malaysian

adults

Authors names:

Author A1, author B2, author C3

Authors’ affiliations:

1International Medical University (IMU), Department of Nutritionand Dietetics, 57000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

2Malaysian Palm Oil Board (MPOB), Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia

3Institute for Medical Research, Jalan Pahang, Kuala Lumpur,

Malaysia

Correspondence to Authur A, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, IMU,

57000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Tel: +603-86567228, Fax: +603-86567229.

e-mail: [email protected]



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The Abstract-

write it AFTER you have

completed drafting the results,

discussion and conclusion!

The abstract should contain enough information on the

study, i.e. it should stand by itself (reflect the whole

study).

Common mistake- Abstract too brief, do not contain

enough info!

It should not have words such as :”details of the study

shall be presented, etc.!)



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Abstract- basically 2 types of format

Abstract

The authors examined the associations of dietary fat and specific types of

fat with risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) among 78,778 US women

initially free of cardiovascular disease and diabetes in 1980. They

documented 1,766 incident CHD cases (including 1,241 nonfatal

myocardial infarctions and 525 CHD deaths) during 20 years of follow-up.

Polyunsaturated fat intake was inversely associated with CHD risk

(multivariate relative risk (RR) for the highest vs. the lowest quintile =0.75, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.60, 0.92; ptrend = 0.004), whereas

trans-fat intake was associated with an elevated risk of CHD (RR = 1.33,

95% CI: 1.07, 1.66; ptrend = 0.01). The associations between intakes of

polyunsaturated fat and trans-fat with CHD risk were most evident among

women younger than age 65 years (for polyunsaturated fat, RR = 0.66,

95% CI: 0.50, 0.85; ptrend = 0.002 and for trans-fat, RR = 1.50, 95% CI:1.13, 2.00; ptrend = 0.01). The inverse association between

polyunsaturated fat intake and CHD risk was strongest among women

whose body mass index was ≥25 kg/m2. Findings continue to support an

inverse relation between polyunsaturated fat intake and CHD risk,

particularly among younger or overweight women. In addition, trans-fat

intake was associated with increased risk of CHD, particularly for youngerwomen.



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AbstractBackground: (Usually 1 to 2 lines only)

Objective: To investigate whether quantity or quality of dietary fatpredicts coronary heart disease (CHD) events in middle-aged type 2

diabetic subjects.

Methods: he dietary habits of 366 type 2 diabetic men and 295 women,

aged 45 –64 years and free from CHD, were assessed with a 53-item

food frequency questionnaire. They were followed up for 7 years.

Results: Men in the highest tertile of the polyunsaturated/saturated fat(P/S) ratio (>0.28) had a significantly lower risk for CHD death than men

in the two lowest tertiles (5.0 vs. 14.2%, P = 0.009). The risk for all CHD

events was 14.2 vs. 23.2%, respectively (P = 0.044). P/S ratio did not

predict CHD events in women. In Cox multiple regression analyses

taking into account other cardiovascular risk factors, the highest P/S

ratio tertile was associated with the lowest rate of CHD death in men (P

= 0.048).

Conclusions: Low P/S ratio in men predicted future CHD events in

type 2 diabetic subjects independently of conventional CHD risk factors.



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(Eg from Am J Cl in Nutr)

Authors ' contr ibut ions to manuscr ip t A description of the contribution of each author must be

provided in the Acknowledgment Section. Please usethe following descriptors:

designed research (project conception, development of

overall research plan, and study oversight);

conducted research (hands-on conduct of the experiments

and data collection);

provided essential reagents or provided essential

materials (applies to authors who contributed by providing

animals, constructs, databases, etc, necessary for

research);

analyzed data or performed statistical analysis;wrote paper (only authors who made a major contribution);

had primary responsibility for final content;

other (use only if categories above are not applicable;

describe briefly);

for single-authored papers, please state: The sole author

had responsibility for all parts of the manuscript.



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References, Tables, Figures



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Respond to reviewers’ comments.Important to comply if comments

valid!





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Why is referencing

important?Referencing or citing your sources is an important

part of academic writing. It lets you acknowledge

the ideas or words of others if you use them in your

work and helps avoid plagiarism.

Referencing also demonstrates that you've read

relevant backgound literature and you can provide

authority for statements you make in your

assignments.

The Harvard citation style can vary in minor

features such as punctuation, capitalisation,

abbreviations, and the use of italics.



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There are two components to referencing:

in-text citations in your paper and the reference listat the end of your paper.

The in-text citation:

Harvard is an 'author/date' system, so your in-text citation

consists of author(s) and year of publication.

In-text citation of a book (the same format applies for a

journal article)







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2013 NEW How to Write a Scientific Paper