Upload
patriciachristiani
View
223
Download
0
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
7/23/2019 2013 Lecture 1 Dental Anatomy
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/2013-lecture-1-dental-anatomy 1/74
Dental Anatomy
7/23/2019 2013 Lecture 1 Dental Anatomy
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/2013-lecture-1-dental-anatomy 2/74
Dental Anatomy
•Primary (deciduous)•Secondary (permanent)
7/23/2019 2013 Lecture 1 Dental Anatomy
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/2013-lecture-1-dental-anatomy 3/74
Primary (deciduous)•Consist of 20 teeth•Begin to form duringthe first trimester ofpregnancy•Typically beginerupting around 6months
•Most children have acomplete primarydentition by 3 yearsof age
DENTITION (TEETH)
1. Oral Health for Children: Patient Education Insert.Compend Cont Educ Dent.
7/23/2019 2013 Lecture 1 Dental Anatomy
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/2013-lecture-1-dental-anatomy 4/74
DENTITION (TEETH)
Permanent teeth• Consist of 32 teeth• Begin to erupt around6 years of age
• Most permanent teethhave erupted by age 12
• Third molars (wisdomteeth) are theexception; often do notappear untilearly 20s
Mandible
MaxillaIncisors
Canine (Cuspid)
Premolars
Molars
7/23/2019 2013 Lecture 1 Dental Anatomy
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/2013-lecture-1-dental-anatomy 5/74
• Classification of Teeth:
• Incisors (central andlateral)
• Canines (cuspids)
• Premolars (bicuspids)
• Molars
IDENTIFYING TEETH
Incisor Canine Premolar Molar
7/23/2019 2013 Lecture 1 Dental Anatomy
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/2013-lecture-1-dental-anatomy 6/74
Function teeth
Incisor Canine Premolar Molar
•Incisors function as cutting or shearinginstruments for food.
•Canines possess the longest roots of allteeth and are located at the corners of
the dental arch.•Premolars act like the canines in thetearing of food and are similar to molarsin the grinding of food.
•Molars are located nearest thetemporomandibular joint (TMJ), which
serves as the fulcrum during function.
7/23/2019 2013 Lecture 1 Dental Anatomy
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/2013-lecture-1-dental-anatomy 7/74
IDENTIFICATION TOOTH SURFACES
•Apical•Labial
•Lingual•Distal•Mesial
•Incisal
Labial
Apical
Lingual
Distal
Apical
Mesial
Incisal Incisal
7/23/2019 2013 Lecture 1 Dental Anatomy
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/2013-lecture-1-dental-anatomy 8/74
TOOTH SURFACES
•Apical: Pertaining tothe apex or root of thetooth
•Labial: Pertaining tothe lip;
•Lingual: Pertaining tothe tongue;•Distal: The surface ofthe tooth that is awayfrom the median line
•Mesial: The surface ofthe tooth that istoward the median line
Labial
Apical
Lingual
Distal
Apical
Mesial
7/23/2019 2013 Lecture 1 Dental Anatomy
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/2013-lecture-1-dental-anatomy 9/74
9
7/23/2019 2013 Lecture 1 Dental Anatomy
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/2013-lecture-1-dental-anatomy 10/74
Enamel
Alveolar Bone
Pulp
Chamber
Dental Tissues•The Dental Tissues:
Dentin
Odontoblast Layer Gingiva
Periodontal Ligament
Cementum
Pulp Canals
Apical oramen
7/23/2019 2013 Lecture 1 Dental Anatomy
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/2013-lecture-1-dental-anatomy 11/74
•Anatomic Crown•Anatomic Root
•Pulp Chamber
The 3 parts of a tooth:
Anatomic Cro!n
Anatomic "oot
Pulp
Chamber
Dental Tissues
7/23/2019 2013 Lecture 1 Dental Anatomy
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/2013-lecture-1-dental-anatomy 12/74
THE !AIN DENTA" TISSUES#
•Enamel•Dentin•Cementum
•Dental Pulp
The 4 main dental tissues:
Enamel
Dentin
Cementum
Dental Pulp
7/23/2019 2013 Lecture 1 Dental Anatomy
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/2013-lecture-1-dental-anatomy 13/74
•Structure
•Highly calcified and hardesttissue in the body
•Insensitive—no nerves•Acid-soluble—willdemineralize at a pH of 5.5and lower
•Cannot be renewed
Enamel
7/23/2019 2013 Lecture 1 Dental Anatomy
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/2013-lecture-1-dental-anatomy 14/74
•Softer than enamel•Susceptible to tooth wear(physical or chemical)
•Does not have a nerve
supply but can be sensitiv•Will demineralize at a pHof 6.5 and lower
DENTIN
7/23/2019 2013 Lecture 1 Dental Anatomy
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/2013-lecture-1-dental-anatomy 15/74
Dentin
Pulp
#ubule
luid $erve ibers
Odontoblast
Cell
•Dentinal tubules connect the dentinand the pulp.
•Tubules contain fluid and nervefibers
•External stimuli cause movement ofthe dentinal fluid, which can resultsensitively
Dentin (Tu$ules)
7/23/2019 2013 Lecture 1 Dental Anatomy
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/2013-lecture-1-dental-anatomy 16/74
CE!ENTU!•Thin layer ofmineralized tissuecovering the dentin
•Softer than enamel
and dentin•Anchors the tooth tothe alveolar bonealong with theperiodontal ligament
•Not sensitive
7/23/2019 2013 Lecture 1 Dental Anatomy
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/2013-lecture-1-dental-anatomy 17/74
•Innermost part of thetooth
•A soft tissue rich with blood vessels and nerves
•The pulp in the crown ofthe tooth is known as thecoronal pulp
•Typically sensitive toextreme thermal
stimulation (hot or cold)
Dental Pulp
7/23/2019 2013 Lecture 1 Dental Anatomy
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/2013-lecture-1-dental-anatomy 18/74
•Gingiva
•Alveolar Bone
•Periodontal Ligament
•Cementum
%ERIODONTA" TISSUES
Gingiva
Alveolar bone
Cementum
Periodontal Ligament
7/23/2019 2013 Lecture 1 Dental Anatomy
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/2013-lecture-1-dental-anatomy 19/74
Gingiva:
The part of the oral mucosaoverlying the crowns ofunerupted teethand encircling the necks oferupted teeth.
GINGIVA
Gingiva
7/23/2019 2013 Lecture 1 Dental Anatomy
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/2013-lecture-1-dental-anatomy 20/74
•Alveolar Bone: Also calledthe “alveolar process”; the
thickened ridge of bonecontaining the tooth socketsin the mandible and maxilla.
A"&EO"AR 'ONE
Alveolar bone
7/23/2019 2013 Lecture 1 Dental Anatomy
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/2013-lecture-1-dental-anatomy 21/74
•Periodontal Ligament:Connects the cementum of
the tooth root to the alveolar
bone of the socket.
%ERIODONTA" "IGA!ENT
Periodontal Ligament
7/23/2019 2013 Lecture 1 Dental Anatomy
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/2013-lecture-1-dental-anatomy 22/74
•Cementum: Bonelike, rigidconnective tissue covering the root
of a tooth from thecementoenamel junction to theapex .
• It also serves as an attachmentstructure for the periodontal
ligament, thus assisting in toothsupport.
CE!ENTU!
Cementum
7/23/2019 2013 Lecture 1 Dental Anatomy
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/2013-lecture-1-dental-anatomy 23/74
Numbering of Teeth
• Here are seeral di!erent dental notationsystems for associating information to aspeci"c tooth#
• The three most commons systems are the $D% &orld Dental $ederation notation'and Palmer notation method#
• The $D% system is used worldwide' and the
uniersal is used widely in the )*A#
7/23/2019 2013 Lecture 1 Dental Anatomy
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/2013-lecture-1-dental-anatomy 24/74
• Palmer notation +,igmondy- consistsof
a symbol +./ 01- designating in which
2uadrant the tooth is found and anumber indicating the position from
the
midline#• 3omawi for primary teeth• 4umber for permanent teeth
7/23/2019 2013 Lecture 1 Dental Anatomy
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/2013-lecture-1-dental-anatomy 25/74
25
7/23/2019 2013 Lecture 1 Dental Anatomy
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/2013-lecture-1-dental-anatomy 26/74
5sigmondy 6 Palmer
•Primary teeth
•Permanent teeth
8 7 6 5 4 3 2 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
8 7 6 5 4 3 2 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
! I! III II I I II III I! !
! I! III II I I II III I! !
7/23/2019 2013 Lecture 1 Dental Anatomy
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/2013-lecture-1-dental-anatomy 27/74
FDI SYSTEM (in theworld)
• 7 $D% system uses a two8digit numbering system in whichthe
"rst number represents a 2uadrantsecond number represents the number of the tooth fromthe midline of the face#
• 7 $or permanent teeth:• 7 The upper right teeth begin with the number 99#• 7 The upper left teeth begin with the number 99#• The lower left teeth begin with the number 9<9#• The lower right teeth begin with the number 9=9#
• ''<'=''>'?'@''''<'='>'?'@'<'<'<<'<='
• <>'<?'<@'<'='='=<'=='=>'=?'=@'=
7/23/2019 2013 Lecture 1 Dental Anatomy
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/2013-lecture-1-dental-anatomy 28/74
• $or primary teeth' the se2uence of numbers :• > upper right• ? upper left
• @ lower left• lower right #
>'>'><'>='>>'?'?'?<'?='?>'@'@'@<'@='@>'
''<'='>'
7/23/2019 2013 Lecture 1 Dental Anatomy
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/2013-lecture-1-dental-anatomy 29/74
29
7/23/2019 2013 Lecture 1 Dental Anatomy
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/2013-lecture-1-dental-anatomy 30/74
WHAT ARE Mil or !"b#TEETH $$
•P3%MA3B TCCTH•M%L TCCTH•DCE%D)F)* TCTH•Gegin to come in atabout ? mths of age#•)sually by age '>8<
yrs' all of baby teethwill be in place#
7/23/2019 2013 Lecture 1 Dental Anatomy
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/2013-lecture-1-dental-anatomy 31/74
How m"n# mil teeth doe% "&hild h"'e $$$
• Total a babyteeth
•)pper 6 lower• incisors•= cuspids• molars
7/23/2019 2013 Lecture 1 Dental Anatomy
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/2013-lecture-1-dental-anatomy 32/74
32
7/23/2019 2013 Lecture 1 Dental Anatomy
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/2013-lecture-1-dental-anatomy 33/74
33
7/23/2019 2013 Lecture 1 Dental Anatomy
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/2013-lecture-1-dental-anatomy 34/74
PC3MA4C4T TCCTH
34
h d il b b h
7/23/2019 2013 Lecture 1 Dental Anatomy
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/2013-lecture-1-dental-anatomy 35/74
Wh# do mil or b"b# teethf"ll out $$
Gaby teeth will fallout because thepresence of an
erupting permanenttooth underneath ababy tooth causes itsroot to resorb
+dissole away-
7/23/2019 2013 Lecture 1 Dental Anatomy
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/2013-lecture-1-dental-anatomy 36/74
36
7/23/2019 2013 Lecture 1 Dental Anatomy
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/2013-lecture-1-dental-anatomy 37/74
37
7/23/2019 2013 Lecture 1 Dental Anatomy
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/2013-lecture-1-dental-anatomy 38/74
Wh# rim"r# Teeth
%hould be %"'ed $$
rem"ture lo%% of " !"b# tooth &"n
7/23/2019 2013 Lecture 1 Dental Anatomy
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/2013-lecture-1-dental-anatomy 39/74
rem"ture lo%% of " !"b# tooth &"n&"u%e mi%"llignment of erm"nent
tooth
7/23/2019 2013 Lecture 1 Dental Anatomy
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/2013-lecture-1-dental-anatomy 40/74
S"&e m"int"iner &"n hold the %"&enorm"ll# o&&uied b# " b"b# tooth
• As long as the spacemaintainer is in place'the neighboring teeth
cannot drift• The permanent toothwiil be able to eruption in
normal position#• Ean help to aoid theneed for braces later
on#
7/23/2019 2013 Lecture 1 Dental Anatomy
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/2013-lecture-1-dental-anatomy 41/74
4
7/23/2019 2013 Lecture 1 Dental Anatomy
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/2013-lecture-1-dental-anatomy 42/74
*HI+DREN TEETH
• Ehildren hae two sets teeth: primaryteeth +milI or baby- and permanent teeth#
• Goth are Imort"nt for childrens speech'
chewing' and appearance#• Help deelopment of muscle and Jaws for
chewing•
Maintain space for permanet teeth erupt incorrect position#
7/23/2019 2013 Lecture 1 Dental Anatomy
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/2013-lecture-1-dental-anatomy 43/74
• Getween the age of ?8 yrs child has bothmilI and permanent teeth 8K mi,eddentition -
• Parents often mistaIenly thinI that theteeth do not re2uire treatment 8K will bereplace with new teeth
• At age ? yrs erupt the ery important tooth8K .r%t erm"nent mol"r /0 need.%%ure %e"l"nt
7/23/2019 2013 Lecture 1 Dental Anatomy
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/2013-lecture-1-dental-anatomy 44/74
FISS1RE SEA+ANT $$$
HEA+THY TEETH
7/23/2019 2013 Lecture 1 Dental Anatomy
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/2013-lecture-1-dental-anatomy 45/74
HEA+THY TEETH YESS 222
H * Y 3 Y
7/23/2019 2013 Lecture 1 Dental Anatomy
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/2013-lecture-1-dental-anatomy 46/74
How *"n You 3ee YourTeeth He"lth#
• Grush at least twice a day 88888 afterbreaIfast and before bedtime#
• Grush all of your teeth' not Just the front
teeth#• TaIe your time while brushing# *pend at
least or < minutes each time your brush#use a timer or play a recording of a songyou liIe to help pass the time#
7/23/2019 2013 Lecture 1 Dental Anatomy
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/2013-lecture-1-dental-anatomy 47/74
#
• Ge sure your toothbrush has soft bristles#• et a new toothbrush eery < months#• Bou can also brush your tongue to help
Ieep your bre"th fre%h 2• Al%o imort"nt to isit the dentist twice
a year888888checIing for signs of caities or
gum disease#
%o! Can &ou 'eep &our #eeth %ealthy%o! Can &ou 'eep &our #eeth %ealthy
7/23/2019 2013 Lecture 1 Dental Anatomy
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/2013-lecture-1-dental-anatomy 48/74
Ad'i%e to "rent
• The "rst isit to dental clinic notlater than years' ? monthly
regular checI8up#• Grush teeth twice daily#• 3insing of the mouth after meals• *ealant should be applied
when "rst molar erupt#
7/23/2019 2013 Lecture 1 Dental Anatomy
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/2013-lecture-1-dental-anatomy 49/74
*HEESE 2222 SMI+E $$$$$$
7/23/2019 2013 Lecture 1 Dental Anatomy
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/2013-lecture-1-dental-anatomy 50/74
References
1. Oral Health for Children: Patient Education Insert. Compend Contin Educ Dent. 2005;26(5 Suppl1):Insert.
2. Sturdevant JR, Lundeen TF, Sluder TB Jr. Clinical significance of dental anatomy, histology,physiology, and occlusion. In: Robertson TM, Heymann HO, Swift EJ Jr, eds.Sturdevant’s Art andScience of Operative Dentistry. 4th ed. Mosby: St. Louis, MO; 2002:13-61.
3. Strassler HE, Drisko CL, Alexander DC. Dentin hypersensitivity: its inter-relationship to gingival
recession and acid erosion.Inside Dentistry. 2008;29(5 Special Issue):3-4.
4. Imfeld T. Dental erosion. Definition, classification and links.Eur J Oral Sci. 1996;104(2 (Pt 2)):151-155.
5. Dentin hypersensitivity: current state of the art and science. In: Pashley DH, Tay FR, Haywood VB,et al. Dentin Hypersensitivity: Consensus-Based Recommendations for the Diagnosis andManagement of Dentin Hypersensitivity.Inside Dentistry. 2008;4(9 Special Issue):8-18.
6. Dorland’s Medical Dictionary. 29th Ed. Philadelphia, PA: W. B. Saunders Company; 2000.
7. Robertson TM, Lundeen TF. Cariology: the lesion, etiology, prevention, and control. In: RobertsonTM, Heymann HO, Swift EJ Jr, eds.Sturdevant’s Art and Science of Operative Dentistry. 4th ed. Mosby:St. Louis, MO; 2002:63-132.
8. Tooth Erosion in Children—US Perspective.Inside Dentistry. 2009;5(3 Suppl):8.
7/23/2019 2013 Lecture 1 Dental Anatomy
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/2013-lecture-1-dental-anatomy 51/74
THA4 BF)
7/23/2019 2013 Lecture 1 Dental Anatomy
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/2013-lecture-1-dental-anatomy 52/74
T44TH !R1SHIN5
7/23/2019 2013 Lecture 1 Dental Anatomy
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/2013-lecture-1-dental-anatomy 53/74
T44TH !R1SHIN5
7/23/2019 2013 Lecture 1 Dental Anatomy
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/2013-lecture-1-dental-anatomy 54/74
T44TH !R1SHIN5
7/23/2019 2013 Lecture 1 Dental Anatomy
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/2013-lecture-1-dental-anatomy 55/74
T44TH !R1SHIN5
7/23/2019 2013 Lecture 1 Dental Anatomy
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/2013-lecture-1-dental-anatomy 56/74
7/23/2019 2013 Lecture 1 Dental Anatomy
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/2013-lecture-1-dental-anatomy 57/74
7/23/2019 2013 Lecture 1 Dental Anatomy
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/2013-lecture-1-dental-anatomy 58/74
7/23/2019 2013 Lecture 1 Dental Anatomy
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/2013-lecture-1-dental-anatomy 59/74
59
7/23/2019 2013 Lecture 1 Dental Anatomy
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/2013-lecture-1-dental-anatomy 60/74
6"
7/23/2019 2013 Lecture 1 Dental Anatomy
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/2013-lecture-1-dental-anatomy 61/74
6
7/23/2019 2013 Lecture 1 Dental Anatomy
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/2013-lecture-1-dental-anatomy 62/74
62
7/23/2019 2013 Lecture 1 Dental Anatomy
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/2013-lecture-1-dental-anatomy 63/74
63
7/23/2019 2013 Lecture 1 Dental Anatomy
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/2013-lecture-1-dental-anatomy 64/74
64
7/23/2019 2013 Lecture 1 Dental Anatomy
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/2013-lecture-1-dental-anatomy 65/74
65
7/23/2019 2013 Lecture 1 Dental Anatomy
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/2013-lecture-1-dental-anatomy 66/74
66
7/23/2019 2013 Lecture 1 Dental Anatomy
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/2013-lecture-1-dental-anatomy 67/74
67
7/23/2019 2013 Lecture 1 Dental Anatomy
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/2013-lecture-1-dental-anatomy 68/74
68
7/23/2019 2013 Lecture 1 Dental Anatomy
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/2013-lecture-1-dental-anatomy 69/74
69
7/23/2019 2013 Lecture 1 Dental Anatomy
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/2013-lecture-1-dental-anatomy 70/74
7"
7/23/2019 2013 Lecture 1 Dental Anatomy
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/2013-lecture-1-dental-anatomy 71/74
7
7/23/2019 2013 Lecture 1 Dental Anatomy
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/2013-lecture-1-dental-anatomy 72/74
72
7/23/2019 2013 Lecture 1 Dental Anatomy
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/2013-lecture-1-dental-anatomy 73/74
73
7/23/2019 2013 Lecture 1 Dental Anatomy
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/2013-lecture-1-dental-anatomy 74/74