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2012 5-8

// 5-8 5-8 3-7 http://weibo.com/zhengrenqiang

3 7 8

TA TA

TA HOW, What, TA

+

+

http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_4f7a1d2901

02dy8a.html

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5 --

1.

http://weibo.com/zhengrenqiang

5-8 2-4

2. AD/DG/LB 3

3 ; RS/RE/R.LB/OS/PS/BT

4

google

3.

http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_4f7a1d290102dy8a.html

4. -- AD=agree or disagree, DG=discuss both views and give your own opinion, LB=

RS=reason and solutionRE=Reason and effect, R.LB=reason OS=opinion and

solution. PS=Problems and solution

BT=

5. --

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3 1-4 5-8 9-12

5-8 4 9-12 8 1-4

12 5-8 5-8 //

2012

7 9-12

8 9 nature, economist

part1part3

part2

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TA,

2012 5-8

7 test3 78 166

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6

4 test3 78

7 test4 101 168

8 test2 53 164

8 test4 101 168

6 test1 30 161

/

http://page.renren.com/600710298

2012 5-8 ()

1.Languages

international communication LB foreign language

or talent DGloss of languages RSmachine translation

AD; culture

lifestyle AD; primary school secondary school AD; spend money saving languages of few speakers from dying out, others think it is a waste of

financial resources DG; minor languages. AD

A new global language is a facilitator of cross-national communication.

A standardized new language enables mutual understanding among people of all races with

different cultural backgrounds.

The spread of the new language may lead to disappearance of some minor languages, and even the

lack of ethnic culture and diversity.

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As globalization and mobility and communications are bringing the world ever closer together,

ever more urgent is the need for global citizens to be competent in other languages.

Learning another language gives the learner the ability to step inside the mind and context of that

other culture. Without the ability to communicate and understand a culture on its own terms, true

access to that culture is barred.

Learning a foreign language is challenging to most students who are not with talent in language.

Many languages have different systems of grammar, and some languages use a completely

different alphabet and different sounds. And learning thousands of new vocabulary words isn't

easy, either.

The time of learning a foreign language may not be worth the payoff in the end. According to

research, the time spent learning a foreign language could be better spent learning about science or

mathematics

Causes1. Sometimes parents decide to not speak their mother tongue to their children, because

they perceive an economic or educational advantage for their children in talking a second

language. 2. Urbanization, industrialization, other economic changes, government changes, and

small population of the language being shifted from, have also been factors accompanying

language extinction.

Solution In theory, encouraging the use of both official language and native one is a possible

solution to preventing loss of native languages.

A foreign language is always closely related to a countrys cultures and customs. To study a

foreign language is a access to acquire foreign cultures and way of peoples thinking.

The charm of a language also lies in the fact that it is a precious gift of human beings. When

studying a foreign language, students can develop their intelligence, stimulate their imagination

and creativity.

Learning languages is not a simple task but a process of knowing different cultures and customs.

Various local languages have been evolved through human`s lives and have been continuing to

change step by step. If we expect to learn the most aboriginal languages, lifestyles count for

learning.

Once you learn a foreign language you can appreciate another culture's literature, arts and music

which are all important in understanding another language. Immersing oneself in another country's

culture can be a rewarding experience and may enhance your global understanding.

Learning a foreign language in school can not only benefit students' academic scores, but it can

improve communication skills as well. An obvious benefit to learning a foreign language in school

is the ability to communicate with diverse students in their native languages.

Learning a second language has also been found to improve the memory. Therefore, it can help

students retain knowledge for schoolwork and the real world.

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When school-age children learn a second language, they have an improved mental focus and are

not easily sidetracked by outside distractions, according to a study by linguistics at Cornell

University.

2.Museums/Library/Arts

entertain educate DG; computer

technbology replace functions AD; financial support AD;

creative artists or other resources financial support? DG; music

or a form of entertainment. DG; what can arts tell us of life that science cannot? BT;

libraries

.DG;

Nowadays, museums are regarded as places to promote public education through entertainment.

Museums are great public gathering places where visitors can be entertained, inspired, and

introduced to new ideas.

A museum is assumed to be exclusive. It selects certain objects to add to its collection and

excludes others, and it does this on the basis of scholarship.

Museums help people understand and appreciate the natural world, the history of civilizations, and

the record of humanitys artistic, scientific, and technological achievements.

Computers can exert certain effect on improving the efficiency when searching information. For

example, some technologies, such as Google and yahoo searching engines, as well as some other

online digital databases, can be of great help.

In urban areas, government can easily afford computers or related costs, while their counterparts

in rural areas are capable only of supplying a library of inferior quality.

Convincing evidence is from the fact that traditional public libraries have played a pivotal role in

our society and numerous residents have got accustomed to them. Like a sacred treasure of

knowledge, the libraries and their collections help us with learning knowledge and skills passed

down through ages from our ancestors.

Reading an interesting book in a quiet environment is an amusement and entertainment, while

searching information in front of a

In the hierarchy of human needs, needs for food, shelter and health are among the basic. When

these needs are attained, people turn to higher aspirations. Therefore, facilities like museums or art

galleries can satisfy citizens needs in these fields.

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The existence of museums represents for the general interest of the public, in which the private

sectors would not interested. Therefore, it is governments responsibility to provide financial aid

to these organizations.

Governments financial support would play as a restraint in artistic expression.

Many essential sectors, such as health care and education, need financial support.

/ Q/ t D,

3.Traditional V.S.Modern

traditional ideas modern life AD useless

know the present DGtraditional skill of writing letters

AD; selfishness and greed we must return to older values

of respect for family and local community. AD; fashion is now the standard for people to choose

clothes R.LB; fashion is just for selling clothes, follow

AD; People never wear their traditional costumes. LB; tradition,

DG

The dilemma is that while some young people are proud of their own history, they also become

uncomfortable when confronted with that which is deemed continental and internationally

acceptable.

At times, belief in innovation, in the welfare society, and in growth is so strong that the country

forgot its history.

Customs and traditions are traditional nation which human race depends on to develop. They are

very wonderful and helpful. They should be considered important, and something that should

reside in peoples heart.

One basic importance of history is to know enough to do well because your knowledge of it is

tested. It can be in the classroom, it can be in the UN, or for a historian meeting. If you do not

know enough, than you put yourself at risk of not achieving what you can.

We study history not only to avoid the same mistakes that our previous ancestors made, but also to

know the truth about the path, to be able to understand where we came from.

Except for historians who are becoming no more than pedantic nerds because we are consumed

with useless information, history is nothing more than the history of dead people to the masses.

With the fast pace of development, the society lays its emphasis on efficiency. Thus the

convention of letter writing is becoming less preferred.

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Daily communication involves written correspondence, whether it takes the form of emails or

letters. The prevalence of emails will not change the purposes of communication, but merely the

medium.

Another fact to note is that all communication is interpersonal and interactive, thereby requiring

information senders to use language properly and convey messages clearly is the key.

4. Local V.S.International

immigrants accept new culture or keep their own culture DG; business

and cultural communication LB;visitors host countrys customs and behavior or hostcountry allow cultural differences; countries which have a wide range of nationalities and

cultures LB; People see more foreign films than local films, why?

local film industry financial support? BT; traditional food fast food LB;

foreign companies developing countries local economy

local companies .DG; LB

Accepting the local culture is a good start point for immigrants to interact with locals, especially

in the workplace.

A migrant to a new country should recognize the differences and observe local conventions, which

is helpful to avoid embarrassment and bring a sense of comfort.

The coexistence of different minority communities benefits both immigrants and locals, because it

enables immigrants to counteract the stress that results from culture shock.

Minority cultures contribute to the establishment of a multi-cultural environment.

Foreign cultures instill fresh life force into the target countries, aiding the conservation of their

feature.

Increased interaction between countries strengthens the identities of countries involved.

It seems that in some countries, the locals have become more accustomed to exotic cultures. It

reflects the combined effects of invasion of foreign cultures.

Knowing what you might expect when you first arrive in your host country can ease your

transition to living abroad and help you make the most of the experience from the start.

Learning the local traditions and cultures of the host countries will enrich ones life experience.

It is true that the cultural integration between the host countries and foreign cultures, in large

extent, could enhance the development of cultural diversity.

As we know, with the proliferation of globalization, there have been increasingly individuals

invest money in national commercial trade, which has become an indispensable part of our lives

and it has been exerting profound impacts on the way we live, work and play.

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In a society with diversified culture people can exchange experiences, so everyone is able to

broaden his mind what will ensure an intellectual improvement of the society.

A negative aspect is that such a multicultural society gets really complicated when cultures based

on contrasted ideologies come into conflict what can cause a bloody battle.

5. Buildings

worry about functions appearance ADcity planners

separate locatiions LB; traditional style

cultural identity AD old buildings modern buildings AD;

be seen as a crucial factor that can decide the materials, structure and exterior design of a building

serve human being well and satisfy individual needs of durability and capacity

represent the cultural identity of a city

appeal to tourists and thereby to enhance tourism

be beneficial to the management of governors

create more exchange opportunities

lead to much unnecessary travel which causes contamination produced by motor vehicles

bring much inconvenience

reflect the cultural identity of a nation

appeal to tourists and then generate tax income from tourism

cause a waste of money

cannot show the transformation and change in present society

6.Education

Education-money

businessarts financial support AD; poor students and

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rural students AD pay the full cost of their education AD;

unemployment people who have no hope of finding a job secondary

education AD; higher education is funded in 3 ways 3 :

loan BT; The government should spend more money

teaching science rather than other subjects AD;

Education-how

work travel for a period of time LB; having higher education in

another country LB; unpaid community service LB; behavior

problems RS; negative attitude RS;

punishment , punishment? BTstrict control

LB; work hard under pressure LBpoor family

wealthy family adult life AD criticize and comment

LB; distance-learning or DGreading watching

TV imagination language skills ADstudents of different abilities

or very intelligent special treatment DG live at home rather than live

in school AD; modern games traditional games skills AD; rote learning

LB; family, teachers, peers DG;

computer/television/internet LB; there is no role for

teachers AD; nature or nurture DG; study alone or study

in groups DG; private secondary schools LB; take

childcare training courses AD; boarding school R.LB; the typical

teaching situation of a teacher and students in a room 2050 AD;

18 stay in the school AD; Some parents like to read or tell stories to children,

resources books/TV/ DG; adults practical skills or

DG; college learning or successful career DG;

It is becoming increasingly popular for people to study the history of their family. R.LB; 7

or DG; Children are becoming fat, lazy and unsociable. RS; In what

ways can growing up in a city or growing up in the countryside influence a persons personality?

BT; spend spare time doing shopping or learning useful skills? DG; allowance

face less problems. AD; Grandparents play an important role in bringing up

children. LB

Education-what

the subject to learn teachersgovernment or DG

a wide range of subjects or a particular area DG

pay equal attention to or DG aim

find a good job or wider benefits DG how to compete

cooperate AD; (academic subjects), subjects such as music and sports

AD; teach for its own sake or consider employers needs DG; international

news LB; academic knowledge

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how to behave well and how to judge right and wrong DG;

qualities university AD; good workers and

citizens benefit them as individuals AD; practical subjects computer

or theoretical subjects mathematics DG; full-time students

AD bear great pressures, teachers. AD;

paid laboring .LB; secondary school students how to manage

money, life skill. AD have many toys .LB;

be beneficial to the comprehensive development of a nation (e.g. the arts are part of a states

creative capacity, stimulating innovation and producing distinctive items that appeal to tourists

and businesses)

lead to government being overburdened financially

the importance of science in promoting sustainable development is incomparable.

eliminate the gap between the rich and the poor in the long run

poor students can be motivated to make dedication to the growth of a nation

face learning difficulties because of the lack of fundamental knowledge

increase the economic burden on government

allow students to treasure the opportunity of pursuing knowledge

relieve the economic burden on government

be unfair for the students from poor areas

be not beneficial to national development (students will not realize their social responsibility and

the role in helping the growth of their country)

Problems:

1. face unemployment and underemployment2. be lack of positive worldview3. increasing rate of juvenile delinquencySolutions:

1. government should create more opportunities for the youngsters to perform their skills2. incorporate moral education into schooling system3. strengthen the censorship on the information shown in movies and TV programs

A:

1. create much economic value to the society and relieve the economic burden on governmentD:

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1. lead to unfair competition in the future and cause the gap between the rich and the poor2. be not beneficial to national stability and sustainability because of low literacy rateL:

1. satisfy the needs of wealthy families2. relieve the economic burden on government3. promote the improvement of teaching quality in public schools through competitionB:

1. cause unfairness in competition for middle school leavers2. government cannot achieve effective supervision and management

Teachers and government:

1. ensure fair competition and evaluation2. consider about the variations among different areas3. know what skills are needed in the societyStudents:

1. foster students learning interests and enthusiasm2. benefit individual career development

Learning all subjects;

1. allow students to achieve their personal value in various fields2. be provided with more job options3. help students adapt to society

specialized learning

1. enable learners to master the knowledge and skills about one certain subject more in depth2. avoid the waste of teaching resources

Learn all subjects

1. maximize ones potential2. create more opportunities for students to get to know extensive knowledge and thereby to

expand their horizon

A single subject

1. stimulate ones learning interests and aspiration

2. enhance learning efficiency and achievement

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Finding jobs:

1. be beneficial to social stability2. appreciate the practical value of higher education and then generate learning motivationMore benefits

1. learn to become a good citizen who should possess high moral values and good manners2. make contribution to national developmentL:

1. Cultivate interpersonal skills and independence of high school leavers

2. Help one make wise decision on further major and career orientation

B:

1. Safety cannot be ensured because children do not know how to defend themselves2. be not concentrated on further academic studyL:

1. get access to a wide range of knowledge and favorable academic learning atmosphere2. cultivate ones independence and management skills3. get to know diverse culture and thereby to strengthen cross-cultural exchangeB:

1. intensify financial burden on family2. be not suitable for the children who are lack of self-discipline3. feel isolated and excludedL:

1. Foster the sense of social responsibility2. relieve economic burden on governmentB:

1. the selfless motivation cannot be achieved2. cause unexpected troubles due to the lack of professional knowledge

R:

1. the lack of moral education leads to the result that students do not know how to distinguishright from wrong

2. be influenced by the negative or violent behaviors shown in movies or TV programs3. the absence of parents supervision and managementS:

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1. Integrate the course aiming to cultivate ones virtue and positive behaviors into curriculum2. parents are expected to observe the changing behaviors of students and correct childrens

misconducts

R:

1. high unemployment and underemployment rate of graduates2. lack of the opportunities for graduates to perform their skillsS:

1. adopt practice-oriented teaching approach in class2. open the courses concerning career development and psychology3. government and big companies should create the chances that enable graduates to achieve

their personal and social value

R:

1. the pervasive use of high technology2. fierce competition leads to the lack of time for gathering and the loss of mutual trustE:

1. have adverse impact on family bonds and group cohesiveness2. feel isolated and excluded

L:

1. help children realize the seriousness of their misconducts and thereby to avoid potentialcrimes

2. relieve guilt and remorse of childrenB:

1. children become more rebellious and aggressive, which can bring big challenge for parents tomonitor children in the future

2. children learn how to avoid getting caught

L:

1. help children realize the seriousness of their misconducts and thereby to avoid potentialcrimes

2. achieve the authoritative role of parents

B:

1. children become more rebellious and aggressive, which can bring big challenge for parents in

the future

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2. lead to family conflicts and contradictories

L:

1. help children adapt to the society with increasingly fierce competition2. maximize their potential and nurture the spirit of diligenceB:

1. sacrifice their happy and carefree childhood2. cause psychological problemsA:

1. the early cultivation of independence and the sense of family responsibilityD:

1. know how to build and expand social network2. acquire more knowledge and skills which are essential in modern society3. wealth cannot decide whether one could succeed or notL:

1. promote the improvement of teaching quality2. encourage students participation in studyB:

1. threaten the authoritative role of teachers and then bring big challenge to classroommanagement

2. students who are easily influenced by subjective attitude and emotion cannot make rationaldecision

Two heads are smarter than one.

Cooperation strengthens competition.

Has flexibility in terms of space and time

Can make full use of pervasive teaching resources

Ensure teaching quality by face-to-face communication

Can guide students to acquire some social skills

Television can develop students adaptability to apply language in different contexts.

Also it can enhance students listening ability and constant speaking ability.

However, books enable students to notice the difference between formal and informal languages.

Develop students comprehensive ability

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Enable students to notice personal variation

Optimize the teaching efficiency

Develop ones potential at the largest

Boarding school is more likely to cultivate students self-autonomy and discipline.

It also can help them to integrate themselves into a social context.

Broaden ones knowledge by impressive visual and audio impacts.

Provide more information by high-tech products

Be effective and efficient for achieving high grade.

For teens, it is easier to memorize before fully comprehending knowledge

Unable to apply knowledge into different contexts

Stifle ones creativity

Parenting can influence students inner qualities.

It also can lead them to have a positive living.

External factors enable students to acquire other social skills.

Peers influence also can result in their bad habits.

Broaden ones knowledge

Entertainment, release stress

Form their aggressive behavior

Exert a negative impact on their physical health (myopia)

Ensure teaching quality by face-to-face communication

Guide students to acquire more social skills

Talent can lead people to be closer to success.

Also, innate ability can trigger ones interest in some professions.

Acquired ability allows people to be more confident.

Postnatal development can strengthen their talents.

Art appreciation enables people to feel relaxation, releasing stress from academic study.

Physical activity can lay a solid foundation for conducting learning activities.

Two heads are smarter than one.

Acquire the ability to cooperate with others.

Develop students self-autonomy.

Independent thinking ability (cognitive ability)

Knowledge should be applied into real context, so workplace should be taken into consideration.

Payment, to some extent, is the recognition of self-realization .

Knowing outside world is beneficial to learn about oneself.

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Can cultivate students to form a sense of crisis.

Distract students from their learning, students main task.

No explicit connection with current study.

Broaden ones sights

Develop students critical thinking ability

Result in peoples negative psychological development.

Leads to brain drain

Teaching is main responsibility of teachers.

Teaching is the main task of education.

Before learning about knowledge, it is the priority to identify right from wrong.

Education should develop students to be well-rounded.

More systematic (New parents will no experience to bring up children.)

Easier to understand what childrens needs are.

Parents are too busy/ overloaded to take care of their kids.

Desire for cultivating childrens self-control ability that leads to this trend

Students can develop some practical social skills, such as how to compete and cooperate.

During long stay at school lack of communication with family members, it causes generation gap

from one generation to another.

7. Scientific development

space travel LB; food production food quality LB; wide use of

machines LB makes it possible for people to shop, work and study at home. LB;

we can make a phone call at anywhere and anytime LB; way of

entertainment less creative AD; earlier technology recent technology

AD; increases the gap between the rich and the poor AD; ()

the greatest invention AD; all the problems they have created AD;robots

LB; Modern communications technology the type of

relationships people make LB; 100 ,human race

BT; technological development

.LB; internet and mobile phones? BT; DG; problems how to use a computer?

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solutions? PS; complex, choose

a simpler life without technologies. DG

Reflect national economy development.

Broaden ones knowledge

No explicit connection with current living

Only satisfy the curiosity of minorities

Temperature-controlling: food storage

Optimize agricultural productivity

More chemicals and toxic substance

Original taste has been altered.

Dampen individuals creativity and craftsmanship

Pose potential risks to human beings future existence

Facilitate citizens daily life

Interfere with individuals privacy

Blur the dividing line between work and family life

Make it easier for people to communicate with each other

Leave no space for the development of individuals imagination and creativity

Provide opportunities for human beings to foster more innovations

Early technology initiates a transition from agricultural society to industrial society

Lay a solid foundation for the development of recent technology

Consumes less natural resources and creates less environmental pollution

Wealthy people can afford a wider range of technological resources, which may bring more

profits.

Wealthy people who have a higher access to good education can do a better job in applying

outcomes brought by technology.

Also provide opportunities for poor people to reach a turning point of life.

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Enables ordinary people to travel further in lower cost

Makes it easier for people to search information and communicate

Environmental deterioration is still a problem that plagues human beings and our homeland.

A large number of diseases such as cancer are beyond scientists reach.

8.Environment

use animals for scientific experimentation LB; throw-away society LB; spending

money on animal(environmental) protection public resources AD;

international cooperation individualscompanies country AD;

killing animals for food is cruel and unnecessary huamn diet and

health DG;increasing the price of fuel AD;

science and technology a simpler lifestyle DG;

consumer goods are cheaper zoos LB; throw-away society

RSshortage of water resources RS; take actual actions

environment(animals and plants) RS; waste/rubbish

RS ; Its too late to take actions to preserve plant and animal species AD; fossil fuels

alternative energy(wind, solar)AD;

Animals serve as an integral part of scientific research, because they are similar to human beings

in various ways.

All lives are created equal, and their rights for existence should be respected.

Encourage citizens consumption and foster economic development

Put an impetus into innovations of consumer goods

Consume a large amount of natural resources and create more pollution

Animals are reported to play a vital role in maintaining ecological balance.

Guarding genetic diversity of species on the earth is a self-evident responsibility for human

beings.

National boundaries always create obstacles for handling environmental problems, which

demands good coordination across the border.

Individuals and individual countries also play a vital role because some regional problems can be

better dealt with without foreign interference.

Animals provide necessary nutrients like protein for human existence.

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All nutrients that are important for human health can be obtained from other ways

Fossil fuel consumption is not the only factor for environmental pollution, so other actions are also

necessary.

Develop alternative energy like solar or nuclear power to reduce our reliance on oil.

Measures should be taken to control the size of population.

Technical means makes it possible for us to conquer existing environmental problems.

The development of alternative energy driven by scientific progress brings hope for reducing our

reliance on fossil fuels.

Living a simpler life reduces our consumption of natural resources and emissions of pollutants.

Improve the living standard of citizens, especially those disadvantages groups.

Foster consumption and improve economic growth

Result in deterioration in the quality of products

A place for proving the public with relaxation and pleasure

Children are able to acquire knowledge about animals in a more direct way.

A prison for animals and violate their rights for freedom

Industrial emissions bring serious pollution to many water sources like rivers and lakes.

Climate change.

Technical means should be used for conserving water.

More measures should be taken to monitor weather conditions.

Citizens are not motivated to take actions.

No regulations for dealing with behaviors of polluting the environment

Give a stricter punishment to those individuals and enterprises who bring about environmental

pollution

Provide highly polluted industries with enough compensation for them to close down

Not sufficient numbers of trash cans

No relevant regulations to punish

More factories should be built to dispose wastesEnact laws to constrain such improper behaviors

9. Government/citizens V.S . Rights/responsibilities

a prosperous economy or living standard DG;

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weapons national defense or disadvantaged groups DG;

theaters and stadiums infrastructure

education and medical care DG; prevent diseases the treatment of

diseases AD; pay forroad expansionclearing pollutionhousing shortage

scientific research retirement private companiesindividuals

DG; rural areas DG;

ensure a healthy lifestyle for its citizens their

own way of life DG; pay taxes to the government AD; artists should be free to

express their opinions and limitations AD; or should

be made illegal DG;

The countrys economic prosperity can provide a financial guarantee for the improvement of

citizens living standard.

Those two factors are intertwined with each other, and they cannot be considered separately.

A nations ability to repel invaders provides a guarantee for social stability and economic

development.

Governments are based on revenues collected from taxpayers, so they should be responsible for

ensuring the living standard of each citizen especially those disadvantaged groups.

Sports and cultural projects are necessary for citizens to strengthen physical and mental fitness.

Sports and cultural projects reflect a countrys soft power.

Infrastructure (education and medical care) lays a foundation for a countrys economic

development (citizens well-being)

Prevention is a more cost-effective way to ensure public health.

Treatment of patients is necessary sometimes because health problems are inevitable.

Working in rural areas helps to accumulate professional skills and work experience.

The arrival of teachers and doctors plays a vital role in promoting rural residents living standard

and future development.

Free flow of talents around the country is compatible to market-oriented economy.

Citizens are blessed with the right to pursue individual happiness in their favorite way.

Without any intervention, some people may abandon themselves and impose dangers to others as a

result.

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Revenue collected from citizens lays foundation for a governments existence and functions.

Levying too heavy taxes threatens a countrys commercial investment

Society is based on law and rules.

People should be given enough freedom to pursue their dreams in condition that their behaviors

are not illegal.

Too many limitations may dampen artists creativity and imagination, which hinder creations of

masterpieces.

Some artists are somewhat radical and even extreme in terms of opinion, which may have

misleading dangers on their followers.

Provide children with a better living environment and have positive effects on their mental

development.

Reduce mothers working load and pressure.

Impose a financial burden to the governments budget.

Smoking is detrimental to peoples cardiovascular systems and is reported to be responsible for

lung cancers.

Passive smoking also does more harm to non-smokers than to smokers.

Some people may regard smoking as their own freedom.

10. Job/Employment

limit employees working hours AD;

(permanent job) changing jobs frequently(temporary job) DG;

RS LB;

are unsuitable for important positions in the government AD; become unemployed

RS; more opportunities retire AD;

self-employed, work for a company DG; technology benefits

employees rather than employers AD; factors

(job satisfaction)BT; employers employees

academic qualification life experiences personal qualities R.LB; go to university or mechanic DG; People doing different job

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should have different types of holidays. AD; in some countries, it is illegal to refuse a job-hunter

for his or her age. LB; future career BT; Some people

have to work far away from this family. LB; employerssocial skills

qualifications,AD balance work and life

RS

Hinder enterprises efforts to pursue development

Reduce employees income to some extent

Relieve employees working pressure and physical fatigue

Provide a wider range of profession choices and accumulate work experience.

Enjoy a stable income and more promotion opportunities.

Broaden ones horizons

Build up social networking

Face cultural shock and social isolation

Young people are less experienced and mature, and this may bring potential risks and mistakes.

Young people are often in excellent physical condition, which gives them more energy to face

tiring jobs.

Competition in job market is fiercer than before.

Knowledge that students acquire in school is not so practical and even useless for one to hunt a

job.

Schools should include more practical subjects to sharpen graduates competency.

The government should enact relevant policies to encourage graduates job-hunting experience.

Promote employees working efficiency and reduce employers cost.

Enable employers to work anytime and anywhere they like.

Employers may lose control and supervision of their staff.

Academic qualification provides a simpler and efficient way to determine a job-hunters

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capabilities.

People of higher academic qualifications are always blessed with self-discipline, which benefits

the companys overall management.

11.Media/Advertising

Advertising aimed at children LB; family life sense of community LB

international medai TVnewspapermagazinemovie local culture LB;ban advertising AD; age of books written words spread information

education reflects the power of advertising real

need AD; individuality become what advertisements want us

to be AD; Media ieas life LB; images of disaster

and violence RE; spend more time watching TV, but spend less

time doing creative things, RS ; TV, newspaper, internet the best way to get latest

information? BT; so advertising is unnecessary and only a

form of entertainment AD; Films and computer games containing violence should be banned or

they are just harmless relaxation. DG; all the people can post a piece of information on the internet,

so most information there is inaccurate. AD; radio TV internet .AD;

journalism? Journalists qualities? BT; more attention has been paid to

sports and entertainment stars. LB; focus on problems and emergencies

positive developments, .AD; famous people

privacy or DG

Watching television deprives family members of the opportunity to communicate, which creates

isolation from each other.

Family members are also able to have more common topics from watching the same television

program.

People tend to wear the same brand of clothes, listen to the same music, and lose their own

uniqueness.

International media is often controlled by western countries, which pose a threat to developing

countries existence and interests.

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Advertising is important for enterprises to promote the popularity of their products.

Consumers are able to acquire sufficient information about goods they want.

Advertisements that contain fake information are often misleading to consumers.

Books not only serve as tools for the spread of information but also revelation of traditional

culture.

Media in electrical forms saves consumption of natural resources and can be spread more easily.

Such programs help to catch viewers attention, which is beneficial for the media to increase their

profits.

The incidence of disaster and violence is on the rise.

This may serve as a factor for inducing more crimes.

Have negative effects on individuals physical and mental fitness

12.Urbanization and Globalization

residentsbusinesses, factories small cities and towns LBtransportation communications LB; globalization

RE; rapid development of cities PSthe gap between the rich and

the poor is wider PS; the gap between urban areas and rural areas is wider

RS; differences between countrie less evident

TV programs music brand LB; Cities are

becoming more enormous. RE;

Relieve problems in big cities such as unemployment, traffic congestion and housing shortage.

Bring vigor to regional areas economic development.

This would be too big a jump for those people in thinking and way of life.

Individual countrys economy is more dependent on each other.

Communication in all various forms is increasing dramatically.

A large number of countries are losing their national identity and the worlds cultural diversity

suffers a lot.

Lead to bloody confrontation between different classes of people.

Pose a threat to social stability and peoples confidence over the country.The government should provide those disadvantaged groups with more financial support.

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More taxes should be collected from the wealthy

City residents have a higher access to good education and employment opportunities.

City residents always have a superior attitude toward themselves and this brings more conflicts.

The government should provide rural areas development with preferred policies and support in

various forms.

13. Crime

take responsibility AD; details of committing crimes

AD; cannot be prevented AD; send criminals to prison

education job trainingDG; young

females/teenagers RS prison punish crimes

other functions DG; continue to commit crimes

RS; Society is based on rules and laws and people should not be free to do whatever

they like to do AD; give longer prison sentence LB;

Parents are obligated to give enough supervision over their childrens behaviors.

Parents guidance plays a vital role in helping children to see the world in a positive way.

Childrens behaviors are sometimes unpredictable.

Potential criminals are able to acquire techniques to conduct illegal tasks from watching such

programs.

Those descriptions may be misleading to teenagers, and dampen their mental fitness.

Education helps to reform the criminals spiritually.

Job training can provide criminals with skills to earn bread and butter.

Very dangerous criminals like murderers should be sent to prison so as to avoid further damages.

Teenagers are under more pressure in school.Schools fail to provide students with guidance about correct way of thinking and behaviors.

Parenting should be given more attention because this is important for teenagers development.

Teenager criminals should be given education instead of prison punishment.

Some criminals do not have sufficient survival skills to make a living.

They are not given proper education in prison.

Job training should be given to criminals to improve their competency in job market.

Prisons should provide criminals with guidance about correct way of thinking and behaviors.

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14. Transportation

goods other countries in long distance LB; the use of car LB; parks and

gardens should give way to roads and railways city planners satisfy

OS; the best way to improve road safety is to give road offenders stricter

punishment AD; air travel LB; traffic problems,

P.R.S;

1 Imported goods is carried by air which leads to environmental contamination.

2 enrich the markets in the local places

3 promote cultural communication

Today, planes and cars cause many problems. What are those problems? Should we discourage

people to use planes and cars?

1 consumes fuel and pollutes the air

2 lead to sedentary lifestyle

3 convenient and efficient

1 Construction of railways and highways is indispensable to development.

2 Potential locations of public facilities are more flexible.

3 Relax mentally in a park

1Tougher punishment may serve as a deterrent to other would-be driving offenders.

2 provide affordable public transport services

3 boost the sense of road safety

15.Health

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private medical care services LB; fast food public health

RS; public sports facilities

other measures are necessarypeople tend to have a wider life span R.LB;

education eat less junk food does not work DG; A

well-balanced diet is import for health. AD; Medical treatment or patients mental attitude

curing diseases DG;

1 high efficiency offer more individual service

2 unaffordable patients cannot make full use of it

3 profit-making companies focus more on high profit fields.

1 highly processed

2low cost and uniform flavor

3addictives and less nutritional value

1subhealth distorts immune system and cause people to fall ill

2sedentary lifestyle aggravate the situation

3take daily exercise

4 acquire healthy habits

1publicize the importance of health

2take daily exercise

3 acquire healthy habits

1 improved health care

2 no wars and turbulence

3 put a strain on economies around the world.

4 a shift in the age structure of workforce

1 education is the most direct way

2 limit the number of fast food restaurants

3 increase nutritious ingredients in fast food

16.Charity/Assistance

charitable organizations all people in greatest need

people in their own country DG; provide direct help to local community

give money to charitable organizations DG; developing countries financial aid

free education and medical care introducing technology DG;

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developed countries developing countries international aid can

be abused by governments in developing countries DG;

1A charity on its countrys behalf is an absolute medium to earn respect of the recipient country

and promote its international status.

2Both victims of natural disasters and refugees can recover rapidly from disturbance due to the

endeavors of international aid from foreign charitable organizations.

3Relief goods can promote the mutual understanding in culture and economy and eventually

consolidate peace.

1 local communities offer more direct help

2 International charitable organizations are more formal.

3 international charitable organizations may misspend funds

1 financial aid can relieve the pressure of poor countries

2 financial aids just lead to short-term stimulation

3 education and technology are beneficial to sustainable development of poor countries.

1 ease tension and consolidate peace

2 a moral imperative and humanitarian aid

3more dependent on money than ever

4 erode self-confidence

17.Tourism

creates tension rather than understanding between countries AD;

narrow-minded RS using cultural tradition for making money it is the only way to help cultural tradition exist DG;

R.LB; Foreign tourists should be charged more than local tourists