2012

Push/Pull FactorsPush Factors Pull FactorsFactors causing people

to leave a location.WarPovertyUnemploymentHuman Rights AbuseOvercrowdingNatural Disasters

Factors attracting people to a new location.FreedomJobsBetter OpportunitiesEducationBetter Standard of

LivingSecurity

Poverty

Human Rights Abuse

Natural Disasters

Economicsthe way people exchange goods and services.

Economic Systems

Communism Socialism Free Enterprise

Government owns the things that used to make and transport products and there is no property owned privately .

Examples: Cuba, North Korea, Vietnam

Major industries are owned and controlled by the government than by individual people and companies.

Example: Egypt

Private businesses are able to compete with each other with little control by the government.

Example: United States

Free EnterprisePeople freely produce and buy what they wantPrices are set by the consumers and producersPrices are set by the interaction of supply and

demandProducers invest their money in order to make

a profitThere is little government interferenceInefficient producers are eliminated by going

out of businessExamples: United States

Free Enterprise

SocialistGovernment owns some basic industriesPrivate ownership of smaller business is

allowedGovernment provides low-cost or free public

services ( education, healthcare)

Example: Sweden, Venezuela, Egypt

Socialist

CommunistGovernment sets economic goals to be metWorkers labor together and are supposed to

share equally in the fruits of their laborPrivate property ownership is abolished

Example: Cuba, North Korea, Vietnam

TraditionalPeople meet their basic needs much as their

ancestors did.Economic decisions are made on the basic of

customs and beliefs handed down from one generation to another

TraditionalSubsistence Agriculture Cottage IndustriesFarming in which food is

produced by a family just for its own needs

Small scale industries based in the home

Traditional

Economic Activities

Primary ActivityThe portion of the economy concerned

with the direct extraction of materials from Earth's surface.

Ex: Farming

Primary Activity

Secondary ActivityThe portion of the economy concerned

with manufacturing useful products through processing, transforming, and assembling raw materials.

Ex: Manufacturing

Secondary Activity

Tertiary ActivityThe portion of the economy concerned with transportation, communications, and utilities, sometimes extended to the provision of all goods and services to people, in exchange for payment.

Example: Teachers, Doctors, Cashiers

Tertiary Activity

Quaternary ActivityThe portion of the economy concerned

with information, populated with highly-skilled, well-trained individuals.

Ex: Computer programmers and Management

Quaternary Activity

Measuring Economic DevelopmentPer capita income- average amount of money earned by each person within a country.

Gross national product (GNP)- total value of all goods and services produced by a country over a year.

Urban GeographyUrbanization- dramatic rise in the number of

cities and the changes of lifestyle that follows

MigrationMoving from place to place, and when it refers to a seasonal movement repeated yearly.

Migration

ImmigrationA permanent move of one’s main place of

residence.

EmigrationIs prompted by a variety of factors, as people

leave their country in order to flee a war, find education or job opportunities, or join their family in another land.

Human Development IndexIndicator of level of development for each country, combining income, literacy, education, and life expectancy.

Human Development Index

Gross Domestic Product (GDP)The total value of goods and services created within a country.

Gross National Product (GNP)The total value of goods and services that a country produces in a year.

Infant Mortality RateThe number of infant deaths per 1000.

Literacy RatePercentage of people who can read and write.

Developed CountriesCountries with high levels of industrialization and high standard of living.

Examples: USA, Japan, France

Developed Countries

Developing CountriesCountries with less productive economic than developed countries and low standards of living.

Examples: Mexico, Brazil, South Africa

Developing Countries