2012 Final Exam Review

Vocabulary Terms• Definitive, speculation, cavernous, concise,

proposition, inclusive, exclusive, broad, recourse, sympathy, repetition, confidence, dismay, awe, bittnerness, observe, suspicious, meek, mischievous, intelligent, imp, convey, characterize, benign, compel, internal, authentic, restrict, detect “good samaritan”

Reading Vocabulary

• setting, plot, conflict, climax, author’s purpose/perspective, context clues, irony, tone, inference, etymology, idiom,

• use your reading notes to define these!!!

Socratic Seminars

• The goal is to create a dialogue of ideas• You are NOT trying to prove you’re right!• The opening question is open-ended• The questioning in a Socratic Seminar evolves

naturally• The leader fills the role of Socrates

Persuasive Writing / Speaking Techniques

Prediction = More cars and more roads will mean more congestion.

Statistics = Our high school has room for 1,702 students, but last year 1,860 registered.

Observation = In Garfield Park, young men play soccer around the clock.

Expert Testimony = According to Scott Magruder, the Transportation Department Spokesman, “We must find a way to pay for our roads and do away with our fuel tax.”

Comparison = In the past, fishing was a way of putting food on the table, almost a matter of survival. Today, for most individuals who fish, it is a sport, a hobby, or a form of relaxation.

Persuasive Writing / Speaking Techniques Continued

• Call to action: involves making a direct request of the audience to act according to their acceptance of the message

• To determine if a writer’s points are valid, evaluate the evidence

• Opinion statements use words like: think, most, maybe, should, etc.

• Fact statements use: statistics (numbers), experts, etc.

Persuasive Writing / Speaking Techniques Continued

• Anecdote: short story to help prove a point• Concession: identifying opposing

viewpoints/opinions• Concession expressions: even though, I agree

that, I cannot argue with, while it’s true that, admittedly

• Qualifiers: words/phrases that make an opinion more flexible and easier to support

• Qualifiers: almost, usually, maybe, often, always, most, in most cases

Persuasive Writing / Speaking Techniques Continued

• Repetition: Make your point in several different ways, such as stating directly, using an example, in a story, via a quote from a famous person, and once more in your summary.

• Daring the reader to disagree: you should be thinking about the reader’s counterargument/opposing argument.

• Technical language: statistics and facts• Emotive langue: causes an emotional reaction• Consistency: getting the reader to agree with one

thing so it’s easier to agree with another.

Figurative Language

• Alliteration: two or more words written back to back that start with the same letter.

• Metaphor: directly stating something is something else.

• Hyperbole: extreme exaggeration • Personification: giving human qualities to

something non-human. • Onomatopoeia: words that sound like they are

spelled

Point of View

• First person and third person: use your reading notes to define these!!!