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©2012 Command Spanish®, Inc. 1
Spanish-Speakers and You:
What everyone needs to know
Medical Edition
Who Are the Hispanics / Latinos?
2©2012 Command Spanish®, Inc.
©2012 Command Spanish®, Inc. 3
Components of Hispanic Culture
• Language
• Communication Styles
• Etiquette
• Traditions and Customs
• Food, Dress, and Music
• Religion
• Belief Systems and
World Views
• Values
Where Do Hispanics Come From?
4©2012 Command Spanish®, Inc.
©2012 Command Spanish®, Inc. 5
Spanish-Speaking Countries
1. Argentina
2. Bolivia
3. Chile
4. Colombia
5. Costa Rica
6. Cuba
7. Dominican Republic
8. Ecuador
9. El Salvador
10. Guatemala
11. Honduras
12. Mexico
13. Nicaragua
14. Panama
15. Paraguay
16. Peru
17. Spain
18. Uruguay
19. Venezuela
** Puerto Rico
Source: U.S. Census (2010)
U.S. Hispanic Population by Origen
6©2012 Command Spanish®, Inc.
©2012 Command Spanish®, Inc. 7
THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT CONSIDERS
RACE AND HISPANIC ORIGIN TO BE TWO SEPARATE AND DISTINCT CONCEPTS.
Source: U.S. Census (2010)
• In 2000, the Hispanic population was 35.3 million.
• In 2010, the Hispanic population was 50.5 million
In the last decade, the Hispanic population has grown 43%…
Source: U.S. Census (2010)
8©2012 Command Spanish®, Inc.
©2012 Command Spanish®, Inc. 9
What do Hispanics look like?
• White European• Indian• Mestizo
• Black• Mulatto• Asian
Racial Types in the Hispanic Community
©2012 Command Spanish®, Inc. 10
Stereotypes
List common stereotypes that Americans have about Hispanics:
List common stereotypes that Hispanics have about Americans:
• Positive • Negative
• Positive • Negative
How Do Spanish-Speakers See Themselves?
11©2012 Command Spanish®, Inc.
Hispanics are persons whose speech, customs or cultural
heritage pertain to, or derive from, any of the nineteen Spanish-
speaking countries in the world, and Puerto Rico. Hispanics may
speak Spanish, be bilingual, speak only minimal Spanish, or speak
no Spanish at all. Hispanics may be of any single or mixed racial
origin. The primary Spanish groups in the United States are:
Mexican, Mexican-American, Cuban, Cuban-American, Puerto
Rican, Dominican, and Central American. The civil status of
Hispanics may be: U.S. born citizens, legal residents, legal workers,
students, visitors/tourists, or illegal aliens (undocumented workers).
Who are Hispanics?A working definition…
12©2012 Command Spanish®, Inc.
©2012 Command Spanish®, Inc. 13
Levels of Language Ability of Hispanics
• Spanish-Only, Literate (university graduate, professional, secondary education, or technical specialist)
• Spanish-Only, Illiterate, or Primary School Education (0-6 years of primary education only)
• Spanish Speaker with 100-300 Word English Vocabulary
• LEP (Limited English Proficient)• Bilingual• Bilingual & biliterate• English Speaker with 100-300 Word Spanish
Vocabulary• English-Only
Machismo
Marianismo
Gender Issues
14©2012 Command Spanish®, Inc.
Proxemics and Haptics
• Personal Space• Touching
©2012 Command Spanish®, Inc.15
Chronemics
• Time concepts• Appointments• General day divisions• “on time”
• Workday• Leisure• Overtime, Vacation, and
Time Off
©2012 Command Spanish®, Inc.16
The Hispanic Surname System
17©2012 Command Spanish®, Inc.
• María Elena Guzmán González marries
• Pablo Felipe Durán Rodríguez
Their daughter • FIRST NAMES: María Teresa• LAST NAMES: .
Their son • FIRST NAMES: José Felipe• LAST NAMES: .
What is her married name?
What do I call her?
18©2012 Command Spanish®, Inc.
María Elena Guzmán Gonzálezmarries
Pablo Felipe Durán Rodríguez
The Hispanic Surname System
• Religious Names• Nicknames
Hispanic Names and Nicknames
19©2012 Command Spanish®, Inc.
• Survival English• Workplace English• Social English
LEPs, or How Much English?
20©2012 Command Spanish®, Inc.
• Understanding
• Using native language
• Uneducated
• Bilingual = biliterate
• False affirmation
• Spiraling
Misconceptions Based on Language Issues
21©2012 Command Spanish®, Inc.
Medical Considerations
22©2012 Command Spanish®, Inc.
Respeto / Respect
• Innate right as ser humano• Non-condescending• Eye contact• Use of interpreter• Permission to touch• Indirect vs. direct questioning
23©2012 Command Spanish®, Inc.
Contemporary Belief Systems
• Hispanic– Home remedy / folk
cure– Prayer– Neighbors– Family– Parish Priest– Curandero– Pharmacy– Doctor– Hospital
• “Gringo”– OTC / self-medicate– Doctor or ER– Prescription drugs– Specialist– Hospital– Prayer– Alternative treatments
and medicines
24©2012 Command Spanish®, Inc.
Health Issues—Symptoms
• Pain as reality• Pain assessment and management• Somatization
25©2012 Command Spanish®, Inc.
La Farmacia / The Pharmacy
Pharmacy sign,
Morelia, Mexico
26©2012 Command Spanish®, Inc.
Folk Healers
• Curandero / curandera/ chamán• Santero / santera• Espiritista• Sobador / sobadora• Albolario• Herbolario or Yerbero
27©2012 Command Spanish®, Inc.
©2012 Command Spanish®, Inc.28
La salud en la naturaleza /Health through nature
Sign in market,
Morelia, Mexico
©2012 Command Spanish®, Inc. 29
Common “Folk” Illnesses•Caída de mollera•Empacho•Susto•Mal de ojo
©2012 Command Spanish®, Inc. 30
For the completecross-cultural program entitled
Meeting the Needsof Your Hispanic Patients
please contact Command Spanish®, Inc. at
601-582-8378, or your local Command Spanish® provider.
You can visit our website at:www.commandspanish.com