380
вڲêî²ÜÆ Ð²Üð²äºîàôÂÚ²Ü ¶ÆîàôÂÚàôÜܺðÆ ²¼¶²ÚÆÜ ²Î²¸ºØƲ ²ðºìºÈ²¶ÆîàôÂÚ²Ü ÆÜêîÆîàôî ÂÚàôðø²¶Æî²Î²Ü ºì úêزܲ¶Æî²Î²Ü кàîàôÂÚàôÜܺð èáõμ»Ý ê³ýñ³ëïÛ³ÝÇ ËÙμ³·ñáõÃÛ³Ùμ VI ºðºì²Ü – 2009 1

20100719 144432 Am Turkic and Ottoman Studies VI-2009

Embed Size (px)

Citation preview

VI

2009

1

VI

2009

2

NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE REPUBLIC OF ARMENIA INSTITUTE OF ORIENTAL STUDIES

TURKIC AND OTTOMAN STUDIES

Editor Ruben Safrastyan

VI

YEREVAN 2009

3

ISSN 1829-1430

(), . (), (), (), (), , , , , ( ) EDITORIAL BOARD: Safrastyan Ruben (editor in chief), Aktsoglu Jakaovos Z. (Greece), Murtuzaliev Sergey (Russia), Svanidze Mikhail (Georgia), Zaytsev Ilya (Russia), Zulalyan Manvel, Kirakosyan Arman, Melkonyan Ashot, Safaryan Aleksandr, Manukyan Tatevik (responsible for the volume)

VI , , , - : , , : :

www.orient.sci.am

4

. .............................................20 - ...................................................................32 () \1554. 27- .......................................................................58 .............68

- . .......................................86

5

........................................105

1945-1946 . ......................................................................124 . ...........142 - 2003-2008. ............................161 () X-XI . ........................................180 - () ....................................196

6

- - ................................................................218 (19- .) ..........................................................229 () . - ................................................................251 19- 20- .............................................262 () .. 1828-1829 . ....................................................278 , .

7

....................................................................................298 . (1918 .) ....305

...................................................................314 .............................323 2009 .

........................................................332 - . ..334 . ..........................................346

8

..........................................................362 - . ................................................................368

.........................376

9

: ..............................................................................20 - - ............................................................................... 32 () I 27 1554 ..............................................................................58 ...............................................................................68

- : .............................................86 .....................................................................105

10

1945-1946 . ......................................................................124 - - : .......................142 2003 - 2008 . ..........161 () X-XI . ..................................180 - () - .........................................196 - -.........218 (XIX .) ................................................................229

11

() : - .........................251 A 19 20 ........................................................262 () .. - 1828 - 1829 ..278 , . ......................298 AKATAMART (1918 .) .....................................................305 .............314 ................................................................323

12

2009.

................ 332 - : C ..............................................................................334 : ? ......................................................346 ...........................................................362 - . : .............................368 .........................376

13

CONTENTOTTOMAN EMPIRE SAFRASTYAN RUBEN THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE: SOME PECULARIETIES OF THE GENESIS ...................................................................20 BAIBURTYAN VAHAN SEIZURE OF CONSTANTINOPLE BY THE TURK-OTTOMANS, THE WORLDWIDE HISTORICAL IMPLICATIONS ..................................................................... 32 SVANIDZE MIKHAIL (GEORGIA) THE THIRD CAMPAIGN OF SULEYMAN THE FIRST TO IRAN AND TURKISH-IRANIAN ARMISTICE FROM SEPTEMBER, 27TH, 1554 ......................................................58 SAHAKYAN LUSINE TREBIZOND AND THE ADJACENT REGION IN THE ADMINISTRATIVE DIVISIONS OF THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE ..................................................68 TURKISH REPUBLICINTERNAL POLICY

TER-MATEVOSYAN VAHRAM KEMALISM AS A SOCIAL MOVEMENT: TRANSFORMING PATTERNS OF COLLECTIVE IDENTITIES IN TURKEY ....... 86 HOVSEPYAN LEVON TURKISH DEFENCE INDUSTRY IN THE SPHERE OF MISSILE TECHNOLOGIES .....................................................105

14

FOREIGN POLICYMELKONYAN KRISTINE POSITION OF THE GREAT POWERS AND TURKEY ON THE PROBLEM OF THE BLACK SEA STRAITS IN 1945-1946 ...........................................................................124 IVANOV VLADIMIR THE MAIN CONTURES OF TURKISH-GEORGIAN MILITARY-POLITICAL COOPERATION: THE DYNAMICS AND PERSPECTIVES OF DEVELOPMENT...........................142 POGOSYAN BENIAMIN MAIN TRENDS IN TURKISH AMERICAN RELATIONS IN 2003-2008 ...........................................................................161 TURKIC PEOPLES GUSAKOV VLADIMIR (UKRAINE) THE CONQUEST BY THE TURKS OF CENTRAL ASIA IN X-XI CENTURIES AND THE EMERGENCE ON ITS TERRITORY THE FIRST TURKIC STATES ..............180 HARUTYUNYAN ARAM THE PROBLEM OF RESETTLEMENT OF TURKS-MESHETS (AHISKA) IN SAMTSHE JAVAKHK... 196 ARMENIAN TURKISH RELATIONS YEGHIAZARYAN ARMAN ON THE PERIOD OF FOUNDATION OF HAMAMASHENHAMSHEN ...............................................................................218

15

STEPANYAN HASMIK ROLE OF ARMENIANS IN THE CULTURAL LIFE OF THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE (XIX CENTURY) ....................229 BERBEROGLU BERCH (USA) NATIONALISM AND ETHNIC CONFLICT IN THE MIDDLE EAST: FOCUS ON TURKISH-ARMENIAN RELATIONS IN THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE....................................................251 PARSAMYAN SEDA PROBLEM OF TURKISH POLICY CONCERNING THE ARMENIAN EDUCATIONAL CENTERS AT THE END OF XIX - BEGINNING OF XX CENTURIES ............................262 HISTORIOGRAPHY MURTUZALIEV SERGEY (RUSSIA) V.A POTT ON THE PLACE AND SIGNIFICANCE OF CAUCASIAN FRONT IN THE RUSSIAN -TURKISH WAR OF 1828 - 1829 ........................................................................278 SAFARYAN ALEXANDER, MELKONYAN RUBEN ACADEMICIAN V. GORDLEVSKY ON FORCED ISLAMIZATIONS IN OTTOMAN EMPIRE ...............................298 HOVSEPYAN MARIAM ARMENIAN GENOCIDE IN THE MATERIALS OF THE CONSTANTINOPLE NEWSPAPER CHAKATAMART (XIX CENTURY )......................................................................305

16

PHILOLOGY MIRZOYAN KNARIK THE STRUCTURAL AND SEMASIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF MODERN TURKISH CONJUNCTIONS ...................................................................314 PETROSYAN TIGRAN THE LANGUAGE AND STYLE OF TEVFIK FIKRETS HAZE POEM..........................................................................323 DISCUSSION2009 LOCAL ELECTIONS IN TURKEY

SAFRASTYAN RUBEN UNEXPECTED RESULTS OF LOCAL ELECTIONS IN TURKEY ..............................................................................332 TER-MATEVOSYAN VAHRAM JUSTICE AND DEVELOPMENT PARTY IN THE LOCAL ELECTIONS: COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF ACHIEVEMENTS AND FAILURES .........................................334 HOVHANNISYAN ANUSH TURKEY: HONEST MEDIATION OR POLITICAL BARGAINING...........................................................................346 REVIEWS HOVHANNISYAN SIRAK DIFFICULTIES OF FAMILIARIZING WITH THE CIVILIZATION OF "THE DAMNED LION" ...............................362

17

TER-MATEVOSYAN VAHRAM ZEITGEIST: GLOBAL POLITICS AND TURKEY BY HSEYIN BACI: A REVIEW ESSAY .....................................................368

FROM THE HISTORY OF TURKISH STUDIESSAFRASTYAN RUBEN JUBILEE OF WELL-DESERVED TURKOLOGIST..................376

18

19

. , , , 1 : , , : , , (Ghazi State), ` ` 2 : 70-80 - , : , . , , . W. Pfaff, The wrath of nations: civilization and the furies of nationalism. New York, 1994, p. 102. 2 P. Wittek, The rise of the Ottoman Empire. London, 1938.1

20

3 : , ` : , 4 : : , , , , , 5 : - , , , , , , , 6 : : , 7 : 8 :

H. Inalcik, The Ottoman Empire: the classical age, 1300 -1600. London New York, 1973, p. 7. 4 H. Inalcik, Land problems in Turkish history. The Muslim world, 1955, 45, p. 222. 5 M. Heper, Trkiyede devlet gelenei. [stanbul], 2006, s. 49. 6 C. Kafadar, Between two worlds: the construction of the Ottoman State. Berkeley, 1995, p. 121. 7 F. Kprl, Osmanl devletinin kuruluu. Ankara, 1959. 8 M. T. Gkbilgin, Rumelide yrkler, Tatarlar ve Evld- Fatihan, stanbul, 1957.

3

21

. ` , : , : , , , : 13-14-. , : , : :

* * * 14-15- , , : ( ) 13- : : . ` , -

22

9 : , , -: 400 10 : , , , , , : , : , , , : , 11 : 12 , 13 , 14 :St. J. Show, History of the Ottoman Empire and modern Turkey. Vol. I: Empire of the Gazis: the rise and decline of the Ottoman Empire, 1280-1808. Cambridge, 1977, p. 13. 10 D. Avcolu. Trklerin tarihi. Birinci kitap. Drdnc basm. stanbul, 1982, s. 162. 11 . H. Uzunarl, Osmanl devleti tekilatndan kapukulu ocaklar. II. Ankara, 1944, s.255. 12 emseddin Sami, Kamus-i Trki. Dersaadet, 1318, s. 45 - 46. 13 Ahmet Rasim, Resimli ve harital osmanl tarihi. 2. cild, 2. tab, stanbul, 1328-1330, s. 149 - 150. 14 M. Z. Pakaln, Osmanl tarih deyimleri ve terimleri szl: I. kinci basl, stanbul, 1971, s. 39.9

23

, , : 15 : (-) 16 , : : , , 17 : ( ) : , , ( ) : :. . , - XI - XII . 1974. ., 1978, . 213-229. 16 . H. Uzunarl, Osmanl devleti tekiltna medhal. stanbul, 1941, s. 143. 17 . . , . : , . ., 1986, . 5.15

24

"" , 18 : , , , , 19 : ( ) 20 : : 21 : , , : : : , , ( - . .) 22 : , 18 P. Wittek, The rise of the Ottoman Empire. London, 1938, p. 41. 19 . . , XIV-XV . : , . ., 1986, . 36 - 37. 20 F. Kprl, Osmanl devletinin kuruluu. Ankara, 1959, s. 95 -102. 21 S. Yerasimos, Azgelimilik srecinde Trkiye. 1. Cilt: Bizanstan Tanzmata. stanbul, 1977, s.194. 22 S. Yerasimos, Azgelimilik srecinde Trkiye. 1. Cilt: Bizanstan Tanzmata. stanbul, 1977, s. 101.

25

: , 23 : , , 24 : ( ): : , , 25 : , 26 : , , 27 : . . , . 1978. ., 1984, . 194. 24 M. Akda, Trkiye'nin iktisadi ve itimai tarihi, C. 1: 1243-1453. stanbul, 1974, s. 153. 25 F. Kprl, Osmanl devletinin kuruluu. Ankara, 1959, s. 97 - 102. 26 F. Kprl, Osmanl devletinin kuruluu. Ankara, 1959, s.99. 27 M. T. Gkgilgin, Rumelide Yrkler, Tatarlar ve Evlad- Fatihan. stanbul, 1957, s.19.23

26

, , : ( ), , , 28 : , , 29 : , , : , ` , 30 : : , , : : 14- : . . , . 1978. ., 1984, . 192. 29 . 30 D. Avcolu, Trklerin tarihi. Birinci kitap. Drdnc basm. stanbul, 1982, s. 163.28

27

: , , 31 : I , ` 2-3 , , 32 : 33 : . , , , ... 34 : 35 : 36 : , : , , 14- () , . . , . : , . ., 1986, . 6. 32 W. Eton, A survey of the Turkish Empire. London, 1798, p. 62. 33 . . , . 1978. ., 1984, . 193 - 196. 34 8: , 42. - . . . . ., 1986, . 157. 35 . . , . ., 1978, . 173179. 36 . . , XIV - XV . ., 1988, . 126.31

28

37 : , , 38 : . , : , 39 : , , , , , 40 : ` : , : : , : , , 14- . . , () . , 1959, 2-3, 247 256: 38 . . , XVI-XVIII . , 1980, 328. 39 E. Werner, Die Geburt einer Grossmacht - Die Osmanen (1300-1481). Berlin, 1966, S. 12-14. 40 R. R. Madden, The Turkish Empire in its relations with Christanithy and civilisation. London, 1862, p. 7.37

29

41 : : 13-14 . : : , , , : , 42 , , . . , 10 -15 43 : , : ( ), , , , : , , : : , :F. Kprl, Osmanl devletinin kuruluu. Ankara, 1959, s. 83. F. Kprl, Osmanl devletinin kuruluu. Ankara, 1959, s. 82. 43 . H. Uzunarl, Osmanl tarihi. I. Cilt: kurulutan stanbulun fethine kadar. Ankara, 1947, s. 267.42 41

30

` : : : 13-14-. , : , : , , , : , : , , :

31

- , , , , , , , 1 1071 . 19-, , - , . , 1074 . VII , 1

, , , , 1967, 692

32

, 1176 . , , 2 , , , , , -, , 1204 . , , 3

. ., , , 2003, . 17. ., 1453 , , 1983, . 13-16.3

2

33

, XIII - (), (1258-1324) (), , . , , , , , , , , , , , , , , . 4 , . , -, 4

, , , 1999, . 32.

34

. , , , . , , . , 5 , (13241360) 6 , 7 , 8 1338 , . , , , . , , , , , , 1359 . . 9 , , . ., 35 : 7 8 9 , 3, , 1967, . 162.6 5

35

I- (1389-1402) 10 . , , , 11 1394 . II- , . () . , ,- ,- , 12 , . , . , , , , 1395. ,

I- () 11 Inalik H., Byzed I, Encyclopaedia of Islam. 2nd Edition, Leyden-London, 1954. 12 Grecu V., Ducas. Istoria turco-bizantina (1341-1462), Bucureti, 1958, p. 77.

10

36

- 13 I . 1400 . . , , , - (1370-1405) 1402 . 25- 14 , I- 15 II- (1421-1444 1446-1451), , , 16 1422 . , 13 14

, . ., 75-76 : 15 , 3, . 172. 16 Vasiliev A. A., History of the Byzantine Empire, Madison, p. 640.

37

, , , , , , , , , 17 . , , VIII , 1438/1439 . IV - ( ) 18 , , , 19 ,

Getz F., Die Eroberung von Konstantinopel, Leipzig, 1920. Gibbon E., Histoire de la dcadence et de la Chute de lEmpire Romain, t. II, Paris, 1843, p. 838-845. 19 Gill J., The Council of Florence, Cambridge, 1959, p. 349-350.18

17

38

, 20 II- II- (1444-1446, 1451-1481) 1446 . . , , 1451 . II- , , 21 . XI (1449-1453) , II- , 22 . Diehl Ch., De quelques croyances byzantines sur la fin de Constantinople, Byzantinische Zeitschrift, XXX, 1930. 21 Babinger F., Mehmed der Eroberer und seine Zeit. Weltenstrmer einer Zeitenwende, Mnchen, 1953. 22 Hasluck F. W., Athos and its Monasteries, London, 1924, p. 50.20

39

. , . , 23 , , 1451-1452 . , , 1451 . 18- , , , , , , II- , 24

Inalik H., Mehmed the Conqueror (1432-1481) and His Time. Speculum, XXXV (3), 1960, p. 408-427. 24 Wittek P., The Rise of the Ottoman Empire, London, 1938

23

40

, , 25 II- , 1396 . I- II- 1452 . , , - . , . ( ), , () , , ,25

Inalik H., Fatih Devri zerinde tetikler ve vesikalar, Ankara, 1954.

41

, . 26 . XI , , , , , , . , , , . , , , , . , ,- 27

26 27

Ostrogorsky G., History of the Byzantine State, Oxford, 1955, p. 482-498. , ., . ., 9

42

1452 . - . , II- , , , , - , , , , , , , , , , , . , , XII , , ,

43

28 , , , 29 . - , - 30 , , , , , , . - 31 Schneider A. M., Die Bevlkerung Konstantinopels im XV Jahrhundert. Nachrichten der Akademie der Wissenscaften in Gttingen, Gttingen, 1949, p. 233-234 29 . ., , , . 3, . 190-193. 30 . ., XV , , II, , 1949. 31 Gill J., . ., 382-38328

44

, 32 , 33 1447 . V , , , , V 1453 . , , , 700 , . , , , , .

Jorga N., Notes et extrait pour servir lhistoire des Croisades au XVe sicle, t. IV, Paris-Bucarest, 1916. 33 Gill J., . ., 187

32

45

1452 . XI , 34 1452 . . . , , . . , 35 . . . , , 36 . 37 , II- , ,

Brhier L., Vieet mort de Byzance, Paris, 1947, p. 456; Dlger F., Regesten der Kaiserurkunden des Ostrmischen Reiches, 5. Teil. Mnchen und Berlin, 1965, n. 3269. 35 , . 1, , 1959, . 213. 36 ., . , VI, . 206-209. 37 . ., , , 1957, 29-35 , , , 1901, N9

34

46

, . 38 , . , , , , , , . , 39 II , . , , , , , , 38 39

, . 3, . 190. ., , , 1984, 493:

47

40 125 , 41 1453 . , , , 1453 . II- , , , . , . , , , , , , , . , , . 40 41

, . 3, . 193-194. Gill J., . ., 377-380:

48

. . , 42 , , II- , 43 - , , 26- ( , ), 700 , . , 44 1453 . 2- , 5- 42 Kritovoulos, History of Mehmed the Conqueror. Princeton, 1954, p. 23-33; Tai, Beyzade. Mahruca-i Fethnamesi, Istanbul, 1331, s. 6-8; Inalik H., Fati Devri zerinde tetikler ve vesikalar, I, Ankara, 1954, s. 125-126. 43 , ., . ., 75 44 , ., . ., 83

49

. , , , , 6- , II- , , , , 45 , 18- , , 20-, , , . 45

Kritovoulos, History..., p. 40-41.

50

, , , , , , , , , , , 46 , , , 70 22- , , , , , , , 46

, ., . ., 95-99

51

, , , , , , , , , , , 1453 . 29- - . ,

52

. , , , , . , Vicarius Christ, . , . , . . , , , ,

53

, 1453 , , . , , , 47 (1461) (1475 .) 48 47

Heyd W., Histoire du commerce du Levant au Moyen ge, t. II, Leipzig, 1936, p. 382-407. 48 ., 17- , , 1996: Baibourtian V., International Trade and the Armenian Merchants in the Seventeenth Century, New Delhi, 2004.

54

, . , . , , 49 , , 50 , . , . , -

., , , , 1959, 432, , . 3, . 214. 50 , ., . ., 165

49

55

, , 51 . , , . : , . 52 , XV 53 , , . , XIII - , , ., . ., 165 . ., - X-XVII . . , IX, -, 1953, . 332-333. 53 . ., , , 1957: , , , , 1971:52 51

56

, . , , , . 54 , , , , II () , , , V , , , , , ,

54

. ., . ., 8

57

I - 27 1554 . 1514 , 1555 . - , . , . . , , , . (1514-1516) - I (1512-1520), , . I, ( 1533-1535 1548-1549 .). , - (- ). , 1538 . , 1541 . . ( ), (1524 1576) ( 1541, 1546, 1551 1554 .). . ,

58

. - - , . . , , . . - , , - -, , 1552 . . . I, , . . 28 1553 . . 8 , . , . , 1 . 9 1554 . , . 1

J. Hammer, Historie de lEmpire Ottoman, Paris, 1845.p,103-104; . , - XVI-XVII . ., 1971 ( . ).

59

I . , , 2 . I /1524-1576/ . , . . 18 , , 28 . , , , . I 3 . , , ( 3 . ) . , , , . . , , , , . , 4 . C . , . Peev Tarihi, Hazrlayan B. S. Baykal, c. I, Ankara, 1999, s298-299; M. Cezar, M. Sertolu, Mufassal Osmanl Tarihi, c. II, Ankara, 1997, s. 291 3 Remzi Kl, XVI-XVII Yzyllarda Osmanl-ran Siyas Antlamalar, stanbul, 2002,s. 61-63; . . , XVI ., ., 1971, . 35-37 4 A Chronicle of the Carmelites in Persia, London, 1939, p. 382

60

, , , , ., , 5 . . . - , . , , 6 . , . , , , , . 30 6 . 6 1554 ., , - , . , , . : , , , . , 5 . J. Hammer, Historie de lEmpire Ottoman, Paris, 1845, p. 64; Remzi Kl, XVI-XVII Yzyllarda Osmanl-ran Siyas Antlamalar, stanbul, 2002, s. 65 6 .. Peev Tarihi, Hazrlayan Baykal B. S, c. I, Ankara, 1999,s. 303-35; F. Krzolu, Osmanllarn Kafkas Ellerini Fethi, Ankara, 1976, s. 229-30; Remzi Kl, XVI-XVII Yzyllarda Osmanl-ran Siyas Antlamalar, stanbul, 2002, s.66-67

61

; , . , , . , . . 7 . . , , , . : . . , , ; . , : , . , , . , . , , 7

, Peev Tarihi, Hazrlayan B. S.Baykal, c. I, Ankara, 1999, s.305; J. Hammer, Historie de lEmpire Ottoman, Paris, 1845, p. 65-66; Remzi Kl, XVI-XVII Yzyllarda Osmanl-ran Siyas Antlamalar, stanbul, 2002, s.68

62

, . , , . , , . , , . , , . , 8 . , , . , . . : , , . ; . : , , . , ; , , , ,

8 Peev Tarihi, Hazrlayan B. S. Baykal, c. I, Ankara, 1999, s. 305-307; F. Krzolu, Osmanllarn Kafkas Ellerini Fethi, Ankara, 1976, s.239; Remzi Kl, XVI-XVII Yzyllarda Osmanl-ran Siyas Antlamalar, stanbul, 2002, s. 68

63

, 9 . . : , . , . , , . . . , . , , , . . 9 , -, , 3 . , , , . . . -, , . : , -, , --, , 9 Peev Tarihi, Hazrlayan B. S. Baykal, c. I, Ankara, 1999,s. 309-311; F. Krzolu, Osmanllarn Kafkas Ellerini Fethi, Ankara, 1976,s. 230; Remzi Kl, XVI-XVII Yzyllarda Osmanl-ran Siyas Antlamalar, stanbul, 2002, s. 69

64

. , , , 10 , . , . 6 . , 4 , , . . 9 , , . 21 11 . . , - . 26 12 .

A Chronicle of the Carmelites in Persia, London, 1939, p. 40 Peev Tarihi (Hazrlayan B. S. Baykal), c. I, Ankara, 1999, s. 312; F. Krzolu, Osmanllarn Kafkas Ellerini Fethi, Ankara, 1976, s. 233-234 12 . , . . , , 1976, . 53; Peev Tarihi, Hazrlayan B. S. Baykal, c. I, Ankara, 1999, s. 312; Remzi Kl, XVI-XVII Yzyllarda Osmanl-ran Siyas Antlamalar, stanbul, 2002, s. 7011

10

65

, . - , , , 13 . : , , 14 . , . , , , , , , , . , , , . . , . , . , . , , , . , , , , -

13 Peev Tarihi, s. 315; A. Ekbar Diyanet, lk Osmanl-ran Antlamas (1555 Amasya Musalahas), stanbul, 1977, s.5; J. Hammer, Historie de lEmpire Ottoman, Paris, 1845, p.68-69; Remzi Kl, XVI-XVII Yzyllarda ..,s. 70 14 F. Krzolu, Osmanllarn Kafkas Ellerini Fethi, Ankara, 1976,s. 239; Remzi Kl, XVI-XVII Yzyllarda ..,s. 70

66

, , , 15 . 27 () , , 40 16 . : , , 1534 . , - , , , , , , - . , : , , , , 17 . , 18 . , , . 1555 . 28 30 .

A Chronicle of the Carmelites in Persia, London, 1939, p. 40 F. Krzolu, Osmanllarn Kafkas Ellerini Fethi, Ankara, 1976, s. 240 17 , . . , ., 1969, ,20 18 F. Krzolu, Osmanllarn Kafkas Ellerini Fethi, Ankara, 1976, s. 240; Remzi Kl, XVI-XVII Yzyllarda Osmanl-ran Siyas Antlamalar, stanbul, 2002, s.7116

15

67

() , - , 1 16- , . 2 16-17- , - , XVI XVII , ., , , , XV-XVIII ., . 3, , , 1992, .480-486. 2 Uzunarl . H., Osmanl Tarihi, stanbulun Fethinden Kanuni Sultan Sleymann lmne Kadar, II Cilt, Trk Tarih Kurumu Basmevi-Ankara, 1998, s. 292, 306.1

68

. 3 1960. . , ` , XVII 4 . XVII XVII . , 5 . XVII 6 XVII - 7 8

Belin M., Journal Asiatique sixieme serie, t. XV, 1870, p. 254-288. ., XVII ( ), , . 1, , ., 1960, 285-301 5 ., XVII , ., , 1961, 15-20 Ricaut P., e Histoire de l etat present de l Empire Ottoman trad. de langlois par Briot, II ed., Paris, chez Sebastien Mabre. 1670, p. 542-544. 6 . ., , . VI, -, 1953, . 240-244. 7 , , , , , , . , .,. , , 1964 7-102 8 , , . 4, , . , , . . , ., . , , 19674

3

69

. 9 : (Tahrir defterleri)` , , , , , , ` ` , 10 , XVI 11 , XIX (Salname) 12 , ` . ., , - , , 1972, . 17-24. 10 . , , , XVI , , 2007 11 Gkbilgin T., XVI. Yzyl Balarnda Trabzon Livas ve Dou Karadeniz Blgesi, Belleten, Ankara, Cilt: XXVI, Say, 1024 Nisan, 1969. Bostan M. H., XV-XVI. Asrlarda Trabzon Sancanda Sosyal ve ktisad Hayat, Trk Tarih Kurumu Basmevi, Ankara, 2002. 12 Trabzon Vilayeti Salnamesi (1869-1904), 1-22 cilt. Hazrlayan K. Emirolu, Ankara, 1993-2009.9

70

, (), 13 XIV () XVII 34- 14 , , ` , ( ), , , , , --, , 15 ,

. ., . . , , - , , 1986, . 13. 15 Gkbilgin T., . ., 29314

13

71

. (-) (1515., . 921.) 1461. , , ` () 16 , ( ), 17 , 18 , (Eyalet- Rumiye- Sugra) XV , - ( -), ( ), -, ( ) (Vilyet-i Rum- Kadm) 28 , 19 ` 8 , ( ) 2 , ( ) 3 , , ( )- 2 XVI - 17 - , , 18 - , , 19 Gkbilgin T., XVI. Yzyl Balarnda Trabzon Livas ve Dou Karadeniz Blgesi, s. 293-294.16

72

(Vilyet-i Rum- Kadm), , (Vilyet-i Rum- Hdis) 20 43 , 42 , 46 21 . XVII 22 () XVII

(), , , , (), () 1535. 23 24 . , -

Gkbilgin T., . ., 294 Gkbilgin T., . ., 295 22 , (` ) () - ` ( , , . , 260) 23 ., XVII ( ), , . 1, 296 24 Kunt M., Sancaktan Eyalete, stanbul, 1978, s. 128. Emecen F. M., Trabzon Eyaletinin Bat Snr, Trabzon Tarihi Sempozyumu (6-8 Kasm 1998), Trabzon, 1999, s. 160-161.21

20

73

158025 . , XVI (Vilyet-i Rum- Hdis) 26 1486. , ( ), ( ), ( ), , ` ( ), , ( ), ( ), , , ( ) ( ) 27 28 , , , , . , , 29 Bostan M. H., . ., 21: Bostan M. H., . ., 27, 31, 34, 35, 36, 39, 41, 42, 44: 27 Gkbilgin T., . ., 293-294 28 Bostan M. H., . ., 26-27 29 , . , , 1940, 75 ., , ., , 1987, 80-81 ., . ., 105, 190 ., 26 25

74

XVI . () , -, () , ( ) -, , , ( ) 30 , ( ) 31 . . , , () 32 , , , , , , , , , , ( ) , , (1556.), , , ,

, , 4-, , 1999, 7-15 ` , ( ), ., , 2009, 9-18: 30 Mirolu , XVI . Yzylda Bayburt Sanca, stanbul, 1975. ( ) 31 Bostan M. H., . ., 48 32 Gkbilgin T., . ., 294

75

XVI , ( ), 33 , () 34

() 1581. XVII , 1609/1610. (. 1018) , 35 1632-1641. , () 36 1650 37 1878. (Bostan M., . ., 35-40, 48-49) 1877-78. 1878. , , , ., (70- XIX ), , , 1981, . 132, 145-148, 154, 156, 213-215, 226, 265. 34 , , , 53 35 Ayn Ali Efendi, Kavnn-I l-i Osman der Hulsa-i Mezamn-i Defter-i Dvn, stanbul, 1979, s. 28-29. Tuncer H., Osmanl mparatorlunda Eylet Taksimat, Ankara, 1964, s. 26, 35. 36 Bostan M., . ., 22-23 37 ahin ., Timar Sistemi Hakknda Bir Risle, Tarih Dergisi, say 32, stanbul, s. 909.33

76

XVII , 38 , ( ) 39 , , , - , , , (