Victor Emanuel Nature Tours

SUMMER COSTA RICA

July 7-20, 2010

Leader: David Ascanio

Compiled by: David Ascanio

Victor Emanuel Nature Tours, inc.

2525 Wallington Drive, Suite 1003

Austin, TX 78746

www.ventbird.com

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NarrowandsmallinsizebutbiginbirdlifeisCostaRica.Thisincrediblecountryisblessedwithfourmountainrangesandatwofaces,onetothePacificOceanandanothertotheCaribbeanSea.

OurtourstartedwithadrivetoCararawherepatchesofforestandwetlandsremainevennearurbanareas.ThisisduetothefactthatCostaRicanlegislationrecognizestheimportanceofbiodiversityasnootherlatinAmericancountry.Forexample,lumberingandminningarewellrestrictedtogivenareasthereforethemaineconomicactivityisnaturetourism.

TyhefirstdayfounduswithanearlymorningdrivetoCararawhereviablepopulationsofScarletMacawsremains.Here,weenjoyedLong‐tailedManakin,Streak‐chestedAntpittaandBicoloredAntbird.FoowingCararawedrovetoFondaVelawithvisitstotheFincaEcológica,theMonteverdeReserveandTheHummingbirdCafé,thelastbeingasitewhere8speciesofhummingbirdabound.FromthisincredibleandbirdrichsideofCostaRicawemovedtowardstheCaribbeanside.ThethirdlocationwasVolcánArenal.Here,wewereawakeatnightbytheloudrumblingofthevolcanicactivitywhileatdaytimeweweredelightedwithcoquettes,oropendolas,tanagersandasuperbwalkacrossofatrailwithmorethan15suspendedbridges!TheexcitementcontinuedwithtwofulldaysatthefamousLaSelvabiologicalstation.AnybirdinginCostaRicacannotmissavisittoit!Feedingflocks,armyants,tinamousandcurassowsarepartofthis“birderparadise”.Here,wildlifeaboundandisnotscarcetohumanpresence.ThefifthandlastlocationwasVocánPoás.ThiswasthetimeforseeingZeledonia,Flame‐throatedWarbler,asecondviewofCollaredRedstartandLong‐tailedSilky‐Flycatcher.Idon’twanttofinishtheintroductiontothebirdlistwithoutespressingmygratitudetoourdriverandlocalguide,SantiagoMorales.Also,IappreciatetheassistanceofthestaffinLaSelvaandFondaVelaaswellasthetimethelocalartistCope,spenttous..Everyonewemetinthiscountrywasalwaysniceandhappytoassist.FollowingsomespeciesIhavegiventhelinktoseeanddownloadthevideostakenduringthetour.ShouldyouwishtoseevideosthatIhavetakeninothertourspleaseclickhere.Ihopetoseeyouagaininanotherbirdingdestination.IntheDominicanRepublicyoucanexpecttoseemanyendemicspeciesduetoislandisolationwhileinourRelaxed&EasyCasaMaria‐HatoPinerotouryouwilladdmanyspeciestoyourlifelistandyetbirdwatchinarelaxedpace.

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ShouldyouwishtolearnaboutbirdidentificationandvocalizationthenourTrinidad&Tobagoistheperfectchoice.Lastbutnotleastthereistheadvetorousisland‐hoppingLesserAntillesTour.Thislastonepromisesalotofendemicspeciesmixedwitharichcuisineandculturalcontrast.Hastalavista!

BIRDLISTTinamidae.

GreatTinamou.Tinamusmajor.WeexperiencedaverycloseencounterwithapairinCararaandlatersawamaleapparentlynestinginLaSelva.Idon´trecallanyotherneotropicaldestinationwhereonecanexpecttoseeGreatTinamouwalkingsoclose,andmostimportant,notrunningaway!Forenjoyingthevideotakenduringthetourpleaseclickatthefollowinglinkhttp://ibc.lynxeds.com/video/great‐tinamou‐tinamus‐major/individual‐perched‐ground‐nesting‐shaking‐head‐deal‐mosquitoes

LittleTinamou.Crypturellussoui.Thisspecieswasheardinthreedifferentdays.Anatidae.

Black­belliedWhistling­Duck.Dendrocygnaautumnalis.Weobservedindividualsandsmallgroupsatvariouslocations.Cracidae.

Gray­headedChachalaca.Ortaliscinereiceps.WehadniceviewsofsmallgroupsaroundHotelArenalLodge.

CrestedGuan.Penelopepurpurascens.Thisisanotherhard‐to‐seespeciesintheneotropicalregionandstillfairlyeasyinCostaRica.Wesawabout17individualsthroughoutthetripincludingviewsinCaraca,MonteverdeandArenalLodge.ThemostinterestingexperienceswasoneindividualflyingacrossthegardensofHotelFondaVelaandafamilygroupinLaSelva.

BlackGuan.Chamaepetesunicolor.Wealmostmissedthisspecies.LuckilyweenjoygreatviewsofasingleindividualinVolcánPoás.

GreatCurassow.Craxrubra.Whataview!WeenjoyafemalewithachickwanderingaroundthebuildingsofLaSelvabiologicalstation.WeneedtothankthewathcmanRoy,forfindingittous.Forenjoyingthevideotakenduringthetourpleaseclickatthefollowinglinkhttp://ibc.lynxeds.com/video/great‐curassow‐crax‐rubra/female‐chick‐searching‐fruit‐forest‐floorOdontophoridae.

CrestedBobwhite.Colinuscristatus.HeardnearArenallodge.

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Black­breastedWood­Quail.Odontophorusleucolaemus.WeobservedasingleindividualcallingloudlynearFondaVela.Pelecanidae.

BrownPelican.Pelecanusoccidentalis.Weobservedmorethan60individualswhenreachingthecaribbeancoastonroutetoArenal.Phalacrocoracidae.

NeotropicCormorant.Phalacrocoraxbrasilianus.OnlyoneindividualwasseenattheboattriptoRíoTárcoles.Anhingidae.

Anhinga.Anhingaanhinga.Thisspecieswasseenatvariouswetlandsinthelowlandsofbothsidesofthecountry.Fregatidae.

MagnificentFrigatebird.Fregatamagnificens.ManyindividualswereseenatthecaribbeancoastonthedrivetoArenal.Ardeidae.

PinnatedBittern.Botauruspinnatus.WeenjoyedagreatviewofasingleindividualnearLaSelva.Forseeingthevideotakeninthetripclickonthefollowinglink

http://ibc.lynxeds.com/video/south‐american‐bittern‐botaurus‐pinnatus/single‐individual‐was‐found‐hiding‐inside‐tall‐reed‐o

FasciatedTiger­Heron.Tigrisomafasciatum.ThisonewasfirstseenalongtheroadtoVirgendelSocorroandlaterseennearLaSelva.

Bare­throatedTiger­Heron.Tigrisomamexicanum.AsingleindividualwasobservedattheRíoTárcolesboattrip.UnlikepreviousyearsthistimewedidnotseeanyindividualalongtheriverinfrontofthedinningroominHotelVillaLapas.

GreatBlueHeron.Ardeaherodias.AsingleindividualwasobservedattheRíoTárcolesboattrip.

GreatEgret.Ardeaalba.Severalindividualswereobservedthroughoutthetrip.SnowyEgret.Egrettathula.AsingleindividualwasseennearLaSelvawith

yellowonbackofthelegs.LittleBlueHeron.Egrettacaerulea.ThreeindividualswereobservedattheRío

Tárcolesboattrip.TricoloredHeron.Egrettatricolor.FiveindividualswereobservedattheRío

Tárcolesboattrip.CattleEgret.Bubulcusibis.Severalindividualswerereportedthroughoutthetrip.GreenHeron.Butoridesvirescens.ThisspeiceswasseeninCararaandlaterinLa

Selva.Yellow­crownedNight­Heron.Nyctanassaviolacea.Threeindividualswere

observedattheRíoTárcolesboattrip.Boat­billedHeron.Cochleariuscochlearius.WeenjoyedajuvenileattheRío

TárcolesandlatersawanadultalongtheRíoSanJuanboattrip.Threskiornithidae.

WhiteIbis.Eudocimusalbus.NineindividualswereobservedinthesurroundingsofCarara.

GreenIbis.Mesembrinibiscayennensis.HeardatLaSelva.RoseateSpoonbill.Plataleaajaja.Twelveindividualswerephotographedatthe

RíoTárcolesboattrip.

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Ciconiidae.WoodStork.Mycteriaamericana.ThreeindividualswereobservedattheRío

Tárcolesboattrip.Cathartidae.

BlackVulture.Coragypsatratus.ThisspecieswasseenoneverydaybutinMonteverde.

TurkeyVulture.Cathartesaura.Ditto!Accipitridae.

Swallow­tailedKite.Elanoidesforficatus.ThiselegantkitewasseeninMonteverdeandinArenalaswellasinLaSelva.

PlumbeousKite.Ictiniaplumbea.WeobservedfewindividualssoaringwithTurkeyVulturesfromtheRíoTárcolesboattrip.

WhiteHawk.Leucopternisalbicollis.AcoupleofindividualsweresoaringaboveVirgendelSocorroroad.

SemiplumbeousHawk.Leucopternissemiplumbeus.WeenjoyedgreatviewsofasingleindividualcatchingapreyattheSelvaVerdelodge.

MangroveBlack­Hawk.Buteogallussubtilis.SixindividualswereobservedattheRíoTárcolesboattrip.ThisspecieswasonceconsideredconspecificwithCommonBlack‐HawkButeogallusanthracinus.

RoadsideHawk.Buteomagnirostris.ThefirstindividualwascallingnearCararaandlaterweobservedtwoadditionalindividuals.

GrayHawk.Buteonitidus.ThisspeciesisfairlycommoninCostaRica,waymorecommonthanRoadsideHawk!Itwasseenatvariouslocations.Falconidae.

BarredForest­Falcon.Micrasturmirandollei.AsingleindividualwasheardatMonteverde.

CrestedCaracara.Caracaracheriway.ThisspecieswasseenbothdayswespentinCarara.

Yellow­headedCaracara.Milvagochimachima.ThisspecieswasseeninCararaandaroundArenalLodge.

LaughingFalcon.Herpetotherescachinnans.ThisspeciesiswidespreadinthelowlandsofCostaRica.ItwasheardinCararaandlaterseeninArenalandinLaSelva.

BatFalcon.Falcorufigularis.ApairwasseenalongtheroadfromMonteverdetoArenal.Rallidae.

White­throatedCrake.Laterallusalbigularis.WeenjoyedgreatviewsoftwoadultsandtwochicksnearLaUnión.AbigthankyougoestothelocalartistCopefortakingustothislocation.

Gray­neckedWood­Rail.Aramidescajanea.Thisspecieswasfairlycommoninthelowlandlocations.

PurpleGallinule.Porphyriomartinica.AjuvenilewasobservedalongtheRíoTárcolesboattripandapairwasobservednearLaSelva.Charadriidae.

Black­belliedPlover.Pluvialissquatarola.TwoindividualswereobservedattheRíoTárcoles.Jacanidae.

NorthernJacana.Jacanaspinosa.ApairwasobservednearVirgendelSocorro.

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Scolopacidae.

Willet.Tringasemipalmata.TwoindividualswereobservedattheRíoTárcoles.Whimbrel.Numeniusphaeopus.OneindividualwasobservedattheRíoTárcoles.RuddyTurnstone.Arenariainterpres.ThreeindividualswereobservedattheRío

Tárcolesboattrip.Laridae.

LaughingGull.Leucophaeusatricilla.ThismighthavebeenthegullspeciesflyingalongthemouthoftheRíoTárcoles.Columbidae.

RockPigeon(I).Columbalivia.Seeninurbanareas.Pale­ventedPigeon.Patagioenascayennensis.Thisspecieswasfairlycommonin

Arenal.Red­billedPigeon.Patagioenasflavirostris.Weenjoyedviewsofthisspeciesin

CararaandinArenal.Band­tailedPigeon.Patagioenasfasciata.Thishighlandpigeonwasobservedin

MonteverdeandinVolcánPoás.RuddyPigeon.Patagioenassubvinacea.Apairwasobservedtakingpebbles

alongthemaintrailofMonteverde.Short­billedPigeon.Patagioenasnigrirostris.Thisspecieswasfairlycommonat

bothsidesofthecountry,inthelowlands.Forseeingthevideotakeninthetripclickonthefollowinglinkhttp://ibc.lynxeds.com/video/short‐billed‐pigeon‐columba‐nigrirostris/various‐individuals‐getting‐ready‐roost‐small‐tree‐fa

White­wingedDove.Zenaidaasiatica.CommonaroundtheopenareasinCarara.IncaDove.Columbinainca.CommonaroundtheopenareasinCarara.Plain­breast.Ground­Dove.Columbinaminuta.Asingleindividualwasidentified

alongtheroadtotheRíoTárcoles.RuddyGround­Dove.Columbinatalpacoti.Commoninopenlowlandareas.White­tippedDove.Leptotilaverreauxi.FairlycommoninCarara.Itwasalso

seennearArenalLodge.Gray­chestedDove.Leptotilacassini.ApairwasobservedattheentranceofLa

Selva.RuddyQuail­Dove.Geotrygonmontana.Weenjoyedgreatviewsofthree

individualswhilewalkingthetrailsinCarara.Psittacidae.

Crimson­frontedParakeet.Aratingafinschi.ThisisthecommonestparakeetinthelowlandsofCostaRica.ItmimicstheplumageofScarlet‐frontedParakeetAratingawagleriinSouthAmericaandHispaniolaParakeetAratingachloropteraofHispaniola.

Olive­throatedParakeet.Aratinganana.MorethanadozenindividualswereseenontheroadbetweenArenalesandLaSelva.

Orange­frontedParakeet.Aratingacanicularis.WeenjoyedgreatviewsofasmallgroupforagingatGuavafruits(Myrtaceae)belowMonteverde.

GreatGreenMacaw.Araambiguus.Atotalof16individualswerereportedinourtour.Intheafternoonof17Julyweobservedadozenindividualsflyingtotheroostatdusk.

ScarletMacaw.Aramacao.MorethanadozenindividualswereseenflyingovertheTárcolesriver.AdditionalpairswerereportedinCararaandSelvaVerde.

Orange­chinnedParakeet.Brotogerisjugularis.ThisisprobablyoneofthecommonestandmostwidespreadparakeetsinthelowlandsofCostaRica.Wereporteddailyviews.

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Brown­hoodedParrot.Pyriliahaematotis.WemissedthisspeciesinMonteverdebutwererewardedwithastonishingviewsofalargeflockfeedingonafruitingtreeinArenal.Seethevideotakeninthetripinhttp://ibc.lynxeds.com/video/brown‐hooded‐parrot‐pionopsitta‐haematotis/individual‐foraging‐berries‐tree

White­crownedParrot.Pionussenilis.ThisspecieswasseenatLaSelva.White­frontedParrot.Amazonaalbifrons.ApairwasobservednearArenal

lodge.Red­loredParrot.Amazonaautumnalis.SeveralpairswereobservedatLaSelva.MealyParrot.Amazonafarinosa.Theunmistakablecallofthisspeciesallowedus

toidentifyseveralpairsflyingatvariouslocations.WealsoobservedapairperchedinArenallodge.Cuculidae.

SquirrelCuckoo.Piayacayana.Morethanfiveindividualswerereportedinthetrip.Althoughthisspeciesisusuallyassociatedwithforestisfondtofeedoncaterpillarandotherarthropodsattheforestedge.

LesserGround­Cuckoo.Morococcyxerythropygus.Wecouldnotaskforabetterviewofthistrickyandhard‐to‐seespecies.OneindividualcamealmosttoJeffshoeswhilemovingtowardsusthroughoutthegrassesandscrubbyvegetation.Weenjoyedgreatviewsofit!NoticethattheEnglishnameshouldbereplacedforLesserScrub‐Cuckoo,astheground‐cuckoosareforestspeciesinSouthAmerica.Forseeingthevideotakeninthetourpleasegotohttp://ibc.lynxeds.com/video/lesser‐ground‐cuckoo‐morococcyx‐erythropygus/shy‐individual‐spent‐his‐time‐skulking‐inside‐thi

Groove­billedAni.Crotophagasulcirostris.Wehaddailyviewsofgroupsvaryingfrom3to7individuals.Strigidae.

CrestedOwl.Lophostrixcristata.DespiteoureffortstolocatetheindividualsingingbelowFondaVelainMonteverdewefailedtoseeit.So,itremainedasheard‐only.

SpectacledOwl.Pulsatrixperspicillata.Wehadgreatviewsofasub‐adultindividualnearSelvaVerde.Additionally,anadultwasseenattheriveredgeinSelvaVerde.Seethevideoathttp://ibc.lynxeds.com/video/spectacled‐owl‐pulsatrix‐perspicillata/video‐one‐individual‐sub‐adult‐plumage‐giving‐call‐note

MottledOwl.Ciccabavirgata.Thiswasanotherspeciesseenwell.WeenjoyedapaircallingandhuntingkatydidsandotherartrhopodsinMonteverde.Seethevideoinhttp://ibc.lynxeds.com/video/mottled‐owl‐strix‐virgata/single‐individual‐singing‐after‐eat‐huge‐arthroopod‐about‐0730pm

Black­and­whiteOwl.Ciccabanigrolineata.Weenjoyedthesameindividualseenforthelast5yearsinthemainsquareofOrotina.Theice‐creammanknowsthiscoupleverywellandisusuallytheonetolocateitforus.Heexpresshisconcernssinceheonlyseesoneindividualsincemarchthisyear.Caprimulgidae.

CommonPauraque.Nyctidromusalbicollis.SeveralindividualswereseeninArenallodgeroadandnearLaSelva.Nyctibiidae.

GreatPotoo.Nyctibiusgrandis.ApairwasseenatthegarbagedumpnearSelvaVerde.Whatasitetobenesting!

CommonPotoo.Nyctibiusgriseus.AnindividualwasfoundperchedfromthetraminBraulioCarrillo.

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Apodidae.Chestnut­collaredSwift.Streptoprocnerutila.Thisspeciesisconsideredaspart

oftheCypseloidesbytheAOU,agenusofswifthardtotellapartinflightandbettertoldbysomefieldmarksandtheuniquevoice.WeenjoyedviewsofthreeindividualsflyingabovetheterraceofArenalLodgeinarainyafternoon.

White­collaredSwift.Streptoprocnezonaris.DozensofindividualswereobservedatArenalLodgeapparentlyflyingbacktotheroostingsite.Thisspecieshasapreferenceforwaterfallsandsteepwallstoroost.

Vaux'sSwift.Chaeturavauxi.WeenjoyedgoodstudiesanddailyviewswhileinMonteverde.

Gray­rumpedSwift.Chaeturacinereiventris.ThecommonestswiftintheCaribbeanlowlands.SeveralindividualswereobservedineverymorningfromLaSelva.AlthoughwemanagedtoidentifythisspecieswellIhavemydoubtsaboutsomeshortertailindividualswhichremainedunidentified.Trochilidae.WhennaturalistssentthefirstspecimensofhummingbirdstotheircorrespondingclientsandmuseumsinEuropethefirstsayingwasthatsuchcreatureswereacrossbetweenaninsectandabird.Furthermore,asaconsequenceofhavinganimpressivecontrastofcolorsitisnotsurpirsingthatpressurestartedforsuchfantasticcreaturesandanincresingmarketpushedatradethatshippedhundredsofthousandsofhummingbirdsskinsintoEurope.Bythen,therewerenocommonnamesassociatedwitheachspecies.So,howdidhummingbirdsgotsuchbeautifulnames?TheresponsbiblefornamingmostoftheTrochilidaewasJ.GouldonhismemorablefivevolumeMonographofTrochilidae(1849‐1861).But,didyouknowthatuntilthepublicationofhisrenownedmonographGouldhadneverseenahummingbirdalive?OnlyafterfinishingsuchimpressiveworkGouldvisitedtheAmericasandsawhisfirstlivingTrochilidae,aRuby‐throatedHummingbirdinMay1857.Today,afirseditionofGould´smonographcanbepurchasedattheauctionmarketatUS$260,000((themorethan360plateswereallmadefromstuffedspecimens!).InourSummerCostaRicatourwemanagedtoenjoyandlearnabouttheecologyof30speciesofthesemagicalcreaturessodespitethesmallsize,CostaRicaisbiginhummingbirds!Forenjoyingthevideotakenofthehummingbirdfeeders,pleasegotofile://localhost/<http/::www.youtube.com:watch%3Fv=xHrvy7GjLWM>

Band­tailedBarbthroat.Threnetesruckeri.WehadgreatviewsofapairsingingatthelekinsecondarygrowthinLaSelva.Seethevideotakeninthetripat

file://localhost/<http/::ibc.lynxeds.com:video:band‐tailed‐barbthroat‐threnetes‐ruckeri:one‐individual‐singing‐previous‐dusk‐fairly‐open‐dark>

GreenHermit.Phaethornisguy.WesawthisspeciesmainlyaroundArenallodge.Long­billedHermit.Phaethornislongirostris.Anotherhermitinwhichwesaw

individualsdisplayingatthelek.ThislekwasfoundinsidethickHeliconiagrowthinLaSelva.

Stripe­throatedHermit.Phaethornisstriigularis.WeenjoyedviewsofindividualsinCararaandinthevicinityofArenallodge.ThisspecieswasonceconsideredtobepartofLittleHermit.

Scaly­breastedHummingbird.Phaeochroacuvierii.WeenjoyviewsofasingleindividualinHotelVillaLapasinCarara.

VioletSabrewing.Campylopterushemileucurus.Whatahummingbird!Welovedthisoneandfiguredoutthatsizemattersinhummingbirdswhentheissueisaboutdefendingthefeeder.Mostoftheotherspeciesleftthefeederswhenthishugesabrewingfloatedaroundittoaquiremoreofthe“suitjuice”.Seethevideoathttp://ibc.lynxeds.com/video/violet‐sabrewing‐campylopterus‐hemileucurus/single‐individual‐approaching‐hummingbird‐feeder

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White­neckedJacobin.Florisugamellivora.ThisonewasfirstseenaroundCararaandlateraroundArenallodge.

GreenVioletear.Colibrithalassinus.AcommonvisitortotheHummingbirdCafé,inMonteverde.Weenjoyedseeinghowitliftedtheearpatcheswhendefendingtheperchagainstotherhummingbirdspecies.Toenjoythevideogotohttp://ibc.lynxeds.com/video/green‐thorntail‐discosura‐conversii/male‐was‐found‐perched‐atop‐bare‐limb‐fairly‐exposed‐small

Violet­headedHummingbird.Klaisguimeti.ThisspecieswasacommonvisitortothevervainflowersinArenalLodge.Idon´tknowofanybetterlocationintheneotropicstoenjoyviewsofthisdiminutivebuteleganthummingbird.

Black­crestedCoquette.Lophornishelenae.OneindividualwasseenatthevervaintrailbetweentwobuildingsatArenalLodge.Notacommonspecies!

GreenThorntail.Discosuraconversii.Thisonewasseenintwotimes.First,weenjoyedviewsoffemalesandjuvenilesinArenallodge,andlaterwelovedseeingamaleperchednearBraulioCarrillonationalpark.Forenjoyingthevideoofthisspeciesgoto

Canivet'sEmerald.Chlorostilboncanivetii.ThisspecieswascommoninopenareasandgardensinFondaVelaandinArenalLodge.

Violet­crownedWoodnymph.Thaluraniacolombica.ThiswasanothercommonspeciesinLaSelva.Wehadviewsofadultsandjuvenilesaswell.

Fiery­throatedHummingbird.Panterpeinsignis.ThisspecieswasverycommonaroundVolcánPoás,andveryresponsivetothewhistleofapygmy‐owl!

Blue­throatedGoldentail.Hylochariseliciae.Unfortunatelyonlyheard.ItwastoodarkinthetrailsatCarara,sowedidnotmanagedtoseeit.

Blue­chestedHummingbird.Amaziliaamabilis.Wehadgreatviewsof4malesnearthereceptionofLaSelvabiologicalstation.Seethevideoathttp://ibc.lynxeds.com/video/blue‐chested‐hummingbird‐polyerata‐amabilis/single‐individual‐perched‐inside‐flowering‐shrub‐g

MangroveHummingbird(E).Amaziliaboucardi.WeenjoyedviewsofasingleindividualperchedabitaboveeyelevelintheRioTárcoles.

Steely­ventedHummingbird.Amaziliasaucerrottei.ThisspecieswascommonbutnotnumerousinMonteverde.WehaddailyviewsinFondaVela.

Rufous­tailedHummingbird.Amaziliatzacatl.ManyindividualswereseeninCarara,inArenallodgeandalongtheVirgendelSocorroroad.

CinnamonHummingbird.Amaziliarutila.WehadsuperbviewsofanindividualattheOrotinasquare.Seethevideoathttp://ibc.lynxeds.com/video/cinnamon‐hummingbird‐amazilia‐rutila/orotina‐square‐perched‐bare‐branch‐while‐guarding‐small‐f

Stripe­tailedHummingbird.Eupherusaeximia.SeveralindividualswereobservedattheHummingbirdCaféinMonteverde.

Coppery­headedEmerald(E).Elviracupreiceps.DespitebeingatinycreaturethisspecieswasremarkablynumerousattheHummingbirdCaféinMonteverde.ACostaRicaendemic!Enjoythevideoathttp://ibc.lynxeds.com/video/coppery‐headed‐emerald‐elvira‐cupreiceps/various‐individuals‐attending‐feeders‐cafe‐located‐ne

Snowcap.Microcheraalbocoronata.ThisspeciescanbeeasilyconsideredthemostbeautidulhummingbirdinCostaRica.Whatacolor!Welovedseeingtwoadultmales,afemaleandasubadultmale.Youcanaccessthevideoathttp://ibc.lynxeds.com/video/snowcap‐microchera‐albocoronata/male‐was‐video‐taped‐area‐known‐occur‐species‐near‐entrance‐ae

Bronze­tailedPlumeleteer.Chalyburaurochrysia.Amalewasobservedatthesnowcapsite,nearBraulioCarrillo.WewereabletoseeitsredfeetreferringtotheoldnameRed­footedPlumeleteer.Don’tmissthevideo.Clickinthefollowinglinkhttp://ibc.lynxeds.com/video/bronze‐tailed‐plumeleteer‐chalybura‐urochrysia/one‐individual‐guarding‐flowering‐bush‐house‐co

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Purple­throatedMountain­Gem.Lamporniscastaneoventris.AnotherlittlebeautyseenatthehummingbirdcaféinMonteverde.Wesawmanymalesandfemales.ThisspeciesissometimesnamedVariableMountain‐Gem.Enjoythevideoofafemaleperchedataparticipantfingersclickingatthefollowinglinkhttp://ibc.lynxeds.com/video/variable‐mountain‐gem‐lampornis‐castaneoventris/female‐perched‐fingers‐visitor‐hummingbird‐caf

Green­crownedBrilliant.Heliodoxajacula.Thislargehummingbirdhasadiagnosticconicalskull,probablyanadaptationtoreachnectarinlargecorollas.Wesawseveralmales(about9)andfewerfemales(about4)attheHummingbirdCaféinMonteverde.Thedeepforktailisanadditionalfieldmark.SometimesisnamedGreen‐frontedBrilliantandyoucanenjoythevideoathttp://ibc.lynxeds.com/video/green‐fronted‐brilliant‐heliodoxa‐jacula/male‐perched‐closed‐feeder

MagnificentHummingbird.Eugenesfulgens.Theysayoneisallyouneedandthiswasthecaseforthisspecies!WesawonlyoneindividualinVolcánPoás.

Purple­crownedFairy.Heliothryxbarroti.OnecanarguethatHeliothryxisamongthemosteleganthummingbirds.ThewhiteflashesgivenbytheoutertailfeatherswhenflyingplusthedelicatemaskonthefacewasenjoyedseveraltimesinCaracaandinLaSelva

Long­billedStarthroat.Heliomasterlongirostris.WeenjoyedagreatviewofanindividualcatchingsmallinsectsinoneafternoonnearFondaVela.

VolcanoHummingbird.Selasphorusflammula.ThisspecieswasincrediblycommonbelowtheentranceofVolcánPoás.Itseemslikeawoodstartbutthetailcolourgavethecluesforfieldidentification.Trogonidae.

Black­headedTrogon.Trogonmelanocephalus.ThreeindividualswereseenalongthetrailaboveVillaLapas,inCarara.

Orange­belliedTrogon.Trogonaurantiiventris.WeobservedamalealongthetrailinFincaEcológica.ThisspeciesissometimestreatedasaraceofCollaredTrogon.Seethevideoathttp://ibc.lynxeds.com/video/collared‐trogon‐trogon‐collaris/individual‐posted‐video‐refers‐one‐called‐orange‐bellied‐trogo

Black­throatedTrogon.Trogonrufus.WeenjoyedviewsofafemaleinCararaandlatersawapairinLaSelvaateyelevel!Enjoythevideoofthefemaleathttp://ibc.lynxeds.com/video/black‐throated‐trogon‐trogon‐rufus/close‐female‐perched‐edge‐forest‐notice‐inflated‐breast‐ala

Slaty­tailedTrogon.Trogonmassena.ThisisthelargesttrogonspeciesinLaSelvaandwesawtwopairsinbothmornings.Don’thttp://ibc.lynxeds.com/video/slaty‐tailed‐trogon‐trogon‐massena/pair‐calling‐canopy‐emergent‐treemissthevideoat

ResplendentQuetzal.Pharomachrusmocinno.Whatabird!Quetzalsarealwaysamongthefavoritespeciesfortourparticipants.WefirstenjoyedamaleenteringtoanestinMonteverdeandlaterinthesamedayweobservedthepairforagingattheentranceoftheMonteverdereserve.Thegenuscomesfromthegreekpharosmeaningaloosemantleandmakrosreferstothelongcentralrectrices(tailfeathers).Momotidae.

Blue­crownedMotmot.Momotusmomota.Thisspeciesiscurrentlytreatedasfiveseparatespecies.TheonetooccurinCostaRicaretainstheoriginalname(Blue‐crownedMotmot)andtheonesoccuringinSouthAmericahavebeengivennewenglishnames.ForfurtherinformationseetheSACCwebsiteinhttp://www.museum.lsu.edu/~Remsen/SACCBaseline05.html

RufousMotmot.Baryphthengusmartii.ApairwasobservednestinginLaSelva.Noticetheserratedbillathttp://ibc.lynxeds.com/video/rufous‐motmot‐baryphthengus‐martii/individual‐perched‐next‐nest‐entrance

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Keel­billedMotmot.Electroncarinatum.Thisistheleastcommonspeciesofmotmotforourtrip.WehadgreatviewsofapairnearArenalLodge.TheresemblanceofthevoiceofthisspecieswiththevoiceofBroad‐billedMotmotElectronplatyrhynchumisremarkable.Infact,whencallingonespeciesoneusuallylistenresponsesofbothspecies!Don’tmissthefirstvideoeverpostedofthisspeciesathttp://ibc.lynxeds.com/video/keel‐billed‐motmot‐electron‐carinatum/single‐individual‐calling‐playback‐song‐was‐perched‐vine

Broad­billedMotmot.Electronplatyrhynchum.SeveralpairswereobservedinArenalandinLaSelva.Bothpairswereobservedbringingpreytothenest.Don’tmissthisimpressivevideoathttp://ibc.lynxeds.com/video/broad‐billed‐motmot‐electron‐platyrhynchum/individual‐killing‐moth‐while‐perched‐exposed‐vine‐

Turquoise­browedMotmot.Eumomotasuperciliosa.ThiswasJefffavoritebirdinCostaRica.WeenjoyedviewsofitinOrotinaandonthedrivetoMonteverde.Alcedinidae.

RingedKingfisher.Megaceryletorquatus.Wehadsporadicviewsofthisspeciesinvariousriversatbothsidesofthecountry.

AmazonKingfisher.Chloroceryleamazona.AcoupleofindividualswereseenalongtheRioSanJuan,nearLaSelva.

GreenKingfisher.Chloroceryleamericana.WeenjoyedviewsofthissmallkingfisheratCararaandinLaSelva.Bucconidae.

White­neckedPuffbird.Notharchushyperrhynchus.AperchedindividualwasobservedinLaSelva.

White­frontedNunbird.Monasamorphoeus.WeoweabigthankyoutoCopefortakingustoanestingsitenearLaUnión.Weenjoyedthreeindividualscallinganddisplayingfromabranchhighinthecanopy.SeethevideoofthisrarespeciesinCostaRicaathttp://ibc.lynxeds.com/video/white‐fronted‐nunbird‐monasa‐morphoeus/three‐individuals‐were‐video‐taped‐mountain‐some‐20‐minGalbulidae.

Rufous­tailedJacamar.Galbularuficauda.ThisspecieswasheardseveraltimesandobservednearArenalLodge.AsecondsightwasofapairinLaSelva.Ramphastidae.

Red­headedBarbet.Eubuccobourcierii.WeobservedapairinaloosefeedingflockattheremnantsofcloudforestalongtheroadtoVirgendelSocorro.

Prong­billedBarbet.Semnornisfrantzii.Weenjoyedviewsofapairnestingandassistedbythenesthelpers.Enjoyseeingthenestathttp://ibc.lynxeds.com/video/prong‐billed‐barbet‐semnornis‐frantzii/pair‐nesting‐tree‐hole

Emerald(Blue­throated)Toucanet.Aulacorhynchusprasinus.WehadgreatviewsofthisactivespecieswhileinMonteverdeandvicinity.

CollaredAracari.Pteroglossustorquatus.SeveralgroupswereobservedattheCaribbeansideofCostaRicafromArenaltoLaSelva.ThegenusPteroglossusreferstothelongfeather‐liketongueofthesespeciesandnottothesizeofthebill(Commonbelieve).Seethevideoathttp://ibc.lynxeds.com/video/collared‐araçari‐pteroglossus‐torquatus/small‐group‐was‐moving‐across‐canopy‐making‐short‐sall

Keel­billed(Rainbow­billed)Toucan.Ramphastossulfuratus.LargeRamphastidaeareatrademarkofthetropicsandthisspeciesmatchesanyonedreamaboutseeingabeautifultoucan.Weenjoyedviewsofthisspeciesalmostdaily.Simply

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enjoythisawsometoucanathttp://ibc.lynxeds.com/video/rainbow‐billed‐toucan‐ramphastos‐sulfuratus/single‐individual‐looking‐berries‐canopy‐tree

Chestnut­mandibledToucan.Ramphastosswainsonii.WeenjoyedseeingthisyelperatmanylocationsintheCaribbeansideofthecountry.Picidae.

Black­cheekedWoodpecker.Melanerpespucherani.Weenjoyeddailyviewsatthecaribbeansideofthecountry.Enjoyavideoofanindividualinsidethenestathttp://ibc.lynxeds.com/video/black‐cheeked‐woodpecker‐melanerpes‐pucherani/one‐individual‐showing‐head‐nest

Hoffmann'sWoodpecker.Melanerpeshoffmannii.ThisspecieswasseenregularlyfromCararatoArenalandMonteverde.ItwassympatricwithBlack‐cheekedWoodpeckerinArenal.

HairyWoodpecker.Picoidesvillosus.ThisspecieswasseenwhilewesearchedforRed‐facedSpinetailatthebridgebelowVolcanPoás.Enjoyashortclipinhttp://ibc.lynxeds.com/video/hairy‐woodpecker‐picoides‐villosus/one‐individual‐foraging

Rufous­wingedWoodpecker.Piculussimplex.ApairwasobservedtwiceatLaSelvabiologicalstation.

Golden­oliveWoodpecker.Colaptesrubiginosus.WeobservedthisspecieswhilebirdingatFondaVela,nearMonteverde.

Chestnut­colororedWoodpecker.Celeuscastaneus.ApairwasseenneartheentranceofLaSelvaBiologicalStation.

LineatedWoodpecker.Dryocopuslineatus.WesawthisspeciesonlyonceinArenal.

Pale­billedWoodpecker.Campephilusguatemalensis.ThisonewasseenacoupleoftimesandheardinthelastdayatLaSelva.Furnariidae.What is known today as the Furnariidae involved two families: The Ovenbirds (Furnariidae) and the woodcreepers (Dendrocolaptidae). Although there have been a historic controversy (For almost 100 years!) wheter if they should be treated as one or two separate groups, DNA sequence published in 2002 have revealed that both families had to be lumped as one family thus reverting all the species into the Furnariidae. The proposal was accepted in September 2004 (SACC committee).

SlatySpinetail.Synallaxisbrachyura.AsingleindividualwasobservedinapasturecontiguoustotheentranceofLaSelva.

Red­facedSpinetail.Cranioleucaerythrops.Whataview!WeenjoyedapairofthisspeciesnestinginMonteverde.

SpottedBarbtail.Premnoplexbrunnescens.ApairwasobservedsearchingforarthropodsateyelevelinMonteverde.

Buff­frontedFoliage­gleaner.Philydorrufum.AsingleindividualwasseenwithafeedingflocknearMonteverde.

Buff­throatedFoliage­gleaner.Automolusochrolaemus.AsingleindividualwasobservedintheunderstoryattheterrafirmeforestinCarara.

PlainXenops.Xenopsminutus.ThisspecieswasseentwiceinCarara.Plain­brownWoodcreeper.Dendrocinclafuliginosa.Threeindividualswere

observedwitharmyantsinLaSelva.RuddyWoodcreeper.Dendrocinclahomochroa.Thisisanotherspeciesfound

witharmyants.Wesawapairfeedingonarthropodsthatwereescapingfromtheants(FincaEcológica).

OlivaceousWoodcreeper.Sittasomusgriseicapillus.AsingleindividualwasseenatmidstoryinFincaEcológica.

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Wedge­billedWoodcreeper.Glyphorynchusspirurus.SeveralindividualswereobservedinlowlandhumidforestinCararaandLaSelva.

NorthernBarred­Woodcreeper.Dendrocolaptessanctithomae.Thisisbydefaultthemostcommonlargewoodcreeperinthetrip.Wesawmorethan12individualsinourjourney.Somewerefollowingarmyantswhileotherwerebytheirown.

CocoaWoodcreeper.Xiphorhynchussusurrans.Commonvoiceatdawnanddusk.Wesawabout5individualsinCararaandLaSelva.

Black­stripedWoodcreeper.Xiphorhynchuslachrymosus.HeardinCarara.Unfortunatelynotseen.

SpottedWoodcreeper.Xiphorhynchuserythropygius.AsingleindividualwasobservedinMonteverde.ThisspeciesisreplacedbyOlive‐backedWoodcreeperinnorthernSouthAmerica.

Streak­headedWoodcreeper.Lepidocolaptessouleyetii.ThisspeciesiswidespreadinCostaRicaanditsvoiceiscommonlyheard.Weenjoyedviewsofatleast4individuals.Thamnophilidae.Thamnophilidae,alongwithFormicariidaeandGrallaridaecomprisedonceasinglefamily.NowadaysThamnophilidaecomprisesonlythesmallantbirdswhiletheothertwofamiliescomprisestheantthrushesandtheantpittas.

FasciatedAntshrike.Cymbilaimuslineatus.AmalewasenjoyedattheentranceofLaSelvaandanothermalewasseenlaterwithafeedingflockinLaSelva.

GreatAntshrike.Tarabamajor.Onlyheard.UnfortunatelythisonewasacrosstheSarapiquíriversowecouldnotseeit!

BarredAntshrike.Thamnophilusdoliatus.ApairwasobservedinCarara.Black­hoodedAntshrike.Thamnophilusbridgesi.Variouspairswereseenin

Carara.AcommonvoiceinthePacificsideofCostaRica.WesternSlaty­Antshrike.Thamnophilusatrinucha.Wegotgreatviewsofamale

singingwhileshakingthetailatmidstoryinLaSelva.Seethemaleshakingthetailwhilesingingathttp://ibc.lynxeds.com/video/western‐slaty‐antshrike‐thamnophilus‐atrinucha/male‐was‐singing‐some‐15‐meters‐ground‐fairly‐o

RussetAntshrike.Thamnistesanabatinus.AsingleindividualwasobservedfollowingafeedingflockinVirgendelSocorro.

SlatyAntwren.Myrmotherulaschisticolor.WehadgreatviewsofapairinCarara.Dot­wingedAntwren.Microrhopiasquixensis.Thisisoneofthespecieswitha

weirddistributionpatternintheneotropicalregion.ItisfoundinCentralAmericaandintheGuianas,butnotintheCaribbeanfaceofSouthAmerica.WeobservedtwopairsforragingatmidstratainCarara.

DuskyAntbird.Cercomacratyrannina.AcommonspeciesinCarara.AlsoseeninLaSelva.

Chestnut­backedAntbird.Myrmecizaexsul.ThisisthecommonestantbirdinthelowlandsofCostaRica.ItwasobservedeverydayinCararaandLaSelva.

SpottedAntbird.Hylophylaxnaevioides.Onlyheard.DespiteoureffortsweneversawtheindividualsinginginArenal.

BicoloredAntbird.Gymnopithysleucaspis.Whatabird!WehadtoputabitofextraefforttoseethisoneinCarara.Greatviews!Formicariidae.

Black­facedAntthrush.Formicariusanalis.AsingleindividualwasseenwalkingwhileinspectingtheforestfloorinCarara.

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Grallariidae.Streak­chestedAntpitta.Hylopezusperspicillatus.Wehadamazingviewsofthis

speciesatduskinCarara.ThicketAntpitta.Hylopezusdives.Thisspeciesisalwaystrickytoseeand

althoughwewereveryclosetoitwefailedtoseeit.So,itgoesasonlyheard.Tyrannidae.

Yellow­belliedElaenia.Elaeniaflavogaster.FewindividualswereseeninArenal.MountainElaenia.Elaeniafrantzii.ThisspecieswasverycommoninMonteverde

andinVolcánPoás.TorrentTyrannulet.Serpophagacinerea.Greatviewsofasingleindividualclose

tothewarterfallinVirgendelSocorro.Olive­stripedFlycatcher.Mionectesolivaceus.HeardinMonteverde.Ochre­belliedFlycatcher.Mionectesoleagineus.Thisonewasseenorheardat

variouslocations.ThesongofthisspeciesinCentralAmericaissignificantlydifferenttothepopulationsinSouthAmerica.

Slaty­cappedFlycatcher.Leptopogonsuperciliaris.AsingleindividualwasobservedinVirgendelSocorroroad.

PaltryTyrannulet.Zimmeriusvilissimus.ThiscommonspeciesofthecloudforestwasonceconsideredtobefoundinnorthernSouthAmerica.Today,PaltryTyrannuletremainsforCentralAmericawhileVenezuelanTyrannulet(asplitfromPaltryTyrannulet)occursinNorthernSouthAmerica.Wesawthisspeciesinmostlocations.

Black­cappedPygmy­Tyrant.Myiornisatricapillus.WehadgreatviewsofthisspecieswhilealongthetrailinLaSelvabiologicalstation.Noticethatthisgenusinvolvethesmallestpasserineintheworld!Enjoythevideoathttp://ibc.lynxeds.com/video/black‐capped‐pygmy‐tyrant‐myiornis‐atricapillus/one‐individual‐was‐video‐taped‐while‐perched‐b

NorthernBentbill.Oncostomacinereigulare.ThisonewasheardregularlyinCararaandseenlaterwhilevisitingthesuspendingbridgesnearthehotel.Thisspeciesprefersareasrichinvinetangle.

Slate­headedTody­Flycatcher.Poecilotriccussylvia.WeenjoyedapairbuildinganestinCararareserve.Seethevideooftheindividualcarryingnestingmaterialathttp://ibc.lynxeds.com/video/slate‐headed‐tody‐flycatcher‐poecilotriccus‐sylvia/individual‐carrying‐nesting‐material‐0

CommonTody­Flycatcher.Todirostrumcinereum.Thisspecieswasseenalmostdaily.

Black­headedTody­Flycatcher.Todirostrumnigriceps.ThiscanopyspecieswasfoundononeofthetrailsinLaSelva.Wefounditafterlookingforthe”bumblebee”flyingacrossthecanopyofthetrees!

Eye­ringedFlatbill.Rhynchocyclusbrevirostris.AmidstoryspeciesseentwiceinMonteverde.ThegenusTolmomyiascomprisesagroupofsimilarTyrannidaethatcanbehardtoidentifyinthefield.Mostspeciesarebettertoldbyvoiceandbythepresenceofaflatandwidebill.ThisgroupofbirdswereoncecalledFlatbillsandalthoughattemptsweremadetoresurrectthiscommonname(Hilty,S.BirdsofVenezuela,2003)ithasremainedasflycatchers.

Yellow­oliveFlycatcher.Tolmomyiassulphurescens.WehadgreatviewsinCarara.Noticethatthisspeciesmaycomprisesmorethan5species.Keepaneyeonit!

Yellow­marginedFlycatcher.Tolmomyiasassimilis.AsingleindividualwasseeninLaSelvabiologicalstation.ThevoiceoftheCentralAmericapopulationsdiffersfromtheonesinSouthAmerica,soexpectasplitinthefuture.

White­throatedSpadebill.Platyrinchusmystaceus.TwoindividualswereseencallingattheunderstoryinMonteverde.

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Golden­crownedSpadebill.Platyrinchuscoronatus.Asingleindividualwasobservedperchedonabarelimbatlowermidstoryinasemi‐openareaintheCararareserve.

RoyalFlycatcher.Onychorhynchuscoronatus.WeenjoyedgreatviewsofafemaleinLaSelvabiologicalstation.Althoughitcanbefoundwithunderstoreyfeedingflockswesawitveryclosetotheground,callingfromadarkareaoftheforest.

Ruddy­tailedFlycatcher.Terenotriccuserythrurus.OneindividualwasobservedatmidstoryinCarara.

Sulphur­rumpedFlycatcher.Myiobiussulphureipygius.ApairwasobservedmovingalongwithafeedingflockinCarara.Seethevideoofthisactivepasserineinhttp://ibc.lynxeds.com/video/sulphur‐rumped‐flycatcher‐myiobius‐sulphureipygius/single‐individual‐foraging‐dark‐midstory‐al

TuftedFlycatcher.Mitrephanesphaeocercus.ApairwasobservednestingnearLaCascadainlaVirgendelSocorroroad.Thenesthadtwochicks.

DarkPewee.Contopuslugubris.ThiswasanotherspeciesseeninLaCascadaalongtheroadinVirgendelSocorro.

TropicalPewee.Contopuscinereus.ThisspecieswasfirstseeninFondaVelaandlaterobservedinArenalandnearBraulioCarrillonationalpark.

YellowishFlycatcher.Empidonaxflavescens.AnindividualwasobservedfromthebridgeofLaSelvabiologicalstation.

Long­tailedTyrant.Coloniacolonus.WeenjoyedviewsofthreeindividualsperchedatopbarebranchesofadeadtreeinLaSelva.

Bright­rumpedAttila.Attilaspadiceus.ThispolimorphicspecieswasseeninvariouslocationsincludingArenalandLaSelva.

RufousMourner.Rhytipternaholerythra.ThisuniformspecieswasseenfirstinCararaandlaterinFondaVelaandArenal.

ThegenusMyiarchuscomprisesspecieshardtotellapartinthefield.Onemostpayattentiontothesong,habitat,colorattheedgeoftheprimariesandtailfeathers.ThiswordMyiarchusmeansthelordofflying.

Dusky­cappedFlycatcher.Myiarchustuberculifer.Pairswereseenorheardfrequentlyduringourtour.ThisisthemostwidespreadMyiarchusinCostaRica.Besttoldbythedarkcapandtheparakeet‐likechatteringvocalization.

PanamaFlycatcher.Myiarchuspanamensis.ApairwasseeninCarara.Besttoldbysizeandvoice.

GreatKiskadee.Pitangussulphuratus.ThisisoneofthetrademarksofthetropicsofAmerica.TheGreatKiskadeewasseenalmosteverydayinourtour!

Boat­billedFlycatcher.Megarynchuspitangua.ThisspeciescanbemisidentifiedasGreatKiskadeeexceptforthesizeofthebill(verybroad!)andthelackofrufousintheflightfeathers.Also,thevoiceisrough,likeacomplaint.

SocialFlycatcher.Myiozetetessimilis.ThisspeciesisalsowidespreadinCostaRica.Itwasseenatvariouslocationsofthetour.BearinmindthatwhatistodayknownasSocialFlycatchermightinvolvemorethanthreespeciesinthefuture.

Gray­cappedFlycatcher.Myiozetetesgranadensis.ThisoneisfairlycommoninCostaRica,becominguncommoninnorthernSouthAmerica.Weobservedscatteredpairsalongthetour.Thecoloroftheeyes,voiceandhabitsarethebestwaytotellapartfromTropicalKingbird.Seethevideoathttp://ibc.lynxeds.com/video/grey‐capped‐flycatcher‐myiozetetes‐granadensis/single‐individual‐perched‐wire‐hotel‐villa‐lapa

White­ringedFlycatcher.Conopiasalbovittatus.Thisspeciesisalmostinvariablyfoundinthecanopy.WeobservedapairinLaSelva.Thelackofwhiteonthethroatandthevoicearethebestfieldmarks.

Golden­belliedFlycatcher.Myiodynasteshemichrysus.TwopairswereseeninMonteverde.

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StreakedFlycatcher.Myiodynastesmaculatus.AsingleindividualwasobservedinCarara.

Sulphur­belliedFlycatcher.Myiodynastesluteiventris.FewindividualswereseeninArenalandinLaSelva.Itissimilartothepreviousspeciesdifferinginhavingadistinctivemalarstripeandmoreyellowishbelly.

PiraticFlycatcher.Legatusleucophaius.Wesawthreeindividualsinourtrip.ThisisamigratoryspeciesinCostaRicaandshouldbegoneduringthetimeofourvisit.

TropicalKingbird.Tyrannusmelancholicus.Thisspecieswasseenliterallyeverydaywithseveralindividualsperday.GeneraIncertaeSedis.Specieswithanuncertaintaxonomicpositionandsharingahistoriccontroversytoaboutwhichfamilytheybelongto.

RufousPiha.Lipaugusunirufus.WeenjoyedgreatviewsofthisspecieswhilelookingfortheWhite‐frontedNunbird.

CinnamonBecard.Pachyramphuscinnamomeus.TwopairswereseeninArenalandLaSelva.ThelatterwasbuildinganestthatIdescribedinmynotebookasan“oddlookingstripoffibers”.Don’tmisthevideoathttp://ibc.lynxeds.com/video/cinnamon‐becard‐pachyramphus‐cinnamomeus/single‐individual‐was‐video‐taped‐perched‐bare‐branch

White­wingedBecard.Pachyramphuspolychopterus.ApairwasobservedinCarara.

Rose­throatedBecard.Pachyramphusaglaiae.WehadseveralencounterswiththisspecieswhilebirdinginCararaanditssurroundings.

MaskedTityra.Tityrasemifasciata.Thereisabroadoverlappingbetweenthisspeciesandthenextone.Intotalweobservedmorethan16individualsofthisspecies.Usuallyfoundinpairs.

Black­crownedTityra.Tityrainquisitor.ScatteredpairswereseeninCararaandArenal.

Cotingidae.

LovelyCotinga.Cotingaamabilis.AfemalewasobservedattheHotelFondaVela.Unfortunatelyflewawaybeforewecouldseeitwiththescope.

SnowyCotinga.Carpodectesnitidus.AfemalewasobservedperchedatopadeadbranchfromthebridgeofLaSelva.Later,amalewasenjoyedinthesamearea.

Bare­neckedUmbrellabird.Cephalopterusglabricollis.WehadgreatviewsofafemaleperchedatcanopylevelinthecloudforestofBraulioCarrillonationalpark.Wehadgreatviewsfromthetram!

Three­wattledBellbird.Procniastricarunculatus.Thiswasoneofthefavoritespeciesofthetripasitwasenjoyedlenghtly.InourfirstmorninginFondaVelawesawajuvenilemale,asub‐adultmaleandafemale.Onlytwodaysafterourfirstsightwesawuptofiveindividualsincludingtwoadultmalesinging!Don’tmissthevideotakenfromtheterraceofHotelFondaVelaathttp://ibc.lynxeds.com/video/three‐wattled‐bellbird‐procnias‐tricarunculatus/male‐singing‐side‐femalePipridae.Manakinsarethequintessenceofneotropicalbirds.Arrangedwithwonderfulplumages,severalmalesofthisfamilydisplayinselectedarenas(technicallynamedlek)toattractthefemales,whichusuallyhavedullerplumage.

White­collaredManakin.Manacuscandei.WeenjoyedvariousmalesatalekinLaSelva.

Orange­collaredManakin.Manacusaurantiacus.WehadgreatviewsofamaleandtwofemalesinCarara.

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White­ruffedManakin.Corapipoaltera.WesawafemalenearArenalandlatersawamaleinVirgendelSocorro.

Long­tailedManakin.Chiroxiphialinearis.Whatagreatspecies!InCararawewereluckytoobservedtwomalesdisplaying.

Red­cappedManakin.Pipramentalis.ThiswasthemostwidespreadPirpidaeinourtrip.Wesawaboutsevenindividuals.Vireonidae.

MangroveVireo.Vireopallens.WeenjoyedgreatviewsofasingleindividualintheMangrovesoftheRíoTarcoles.

Yellow­wingedVireo.Vireocarmioli.ApairwasobservedattheentranceoftheVolcanPoás.

Brown­cappedVireo.Vireoleucophrys.ThisspecieswasseenforagingwithafedingflockinVirgendelSocorroroad.

Yellow­greenVireo.Vireoflavoviridis.ThisspecieswascommoninCarara.LesserGreenlet.Hylophilusdecurtatus.Thisisthemostwidespreadgreenletin

CostaRica.Wereporteditalmostdaily.GreenShrike­Vireo.Vireolaniuspulchellus.HeardinCarara.Rufous­browedPeppershrike.Cyclarhisgujanensis.ApairwasseeninCarara.

Corvidae.

White­throatedMagpie­Jay.Calocittaformosa.ApairwasobservedalongtheroadfromCararatoMonteverde.

BrownJay.Cyanocoraxmorio.Dailyviews.Hirundinidae.

Gray­breastedMartin.Prognechalybea.AsingleindividualwasseennearLaSelva.

MangroveSwallow.Tachycinetaalbilinea.ThisspecieswasseenfirstinRioTracolesandlaterclosetoLaSelva.

Blue­and­whiteSwallow.Pygochelidoncyanoleuca.Thisspecieswasfairlycommoninmountainsandslopes.

NorthernRough­wing.Swallow.Stelgidopteryxserripennis.FewindividualswereseeninCararaandinLaSelva.

Troglodytidae.Wrensareusuallynoticedbecauseoftheirwonderfulanddistinctivevocalization.Asinotherpasserinefamiliesseveralgeneraofthefamilyhavebeensubjecttogeneticstudiesdrivingtosometaxonomicchanges.Oneofthemostrelevantcasestookplacein2006whenMannetal.indicatedthatThryothorusispolyphyleticandannouncedthattrueThryothoruswrensarenotfoundinSouthAmerica.Furthermore,heresurrectedtwooldgenera(PheugopediusandThryophilus)anddescribedCantorchiuls.HerewefollowthetraditionaltaxonomykeepingThryothorussincesuchchangeshavenotbeenacceptedbytheAOUasyet.

Band­backedWren.Campylorhynchuszonatus.ThisspecieswasfairlycommoninLaSelva.Wesawthreeindividuals.

Rufous­napedWren.Campylorhynchusrufinucha.ThisonewascommoninCarara.

Black­throatedWren.Thryothorusatrogularis.Wehadgreatviewsofthisloud‐callingwrenwhileinArenal.

Black­belliedWren.Thryothorusfasciatoventris.HeardinCarara.BayWren.Thryothorusnigricapillus.WeobservedthisoneinFincaEcológica,

belowMonteverde.Itmighthavebeennestingasweonlysawoneindividual.

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RiversideWren.Thryothorussemibadius.ApairwasobservedinCarara.Stripe­breastedWren.Thryothorusthoracicus.CommonaroundArenalarea.Rufous­breastedWren.Thryothorusrutilus.CommonaroundCarara.Rufous­and­whiteWren.Thryothorusrufalbus.ThisspecieswasseeninCaraca.

Itwasalwaysobservedforaginginpairs.PlainWren.Thryothorusmodestus.WeobservedthisoneinLaSelva.Itmight

havebeennestingasweonlysawoneindividual.HouseWren.Troglodytesaedon.Thisonewasseeninmostlocations.OchraceousWren.Troglodytesochraceus.Thiscanopyspecieswasfoundnear

Monteverde.White­breastedWood­Wren.Henicorhinaleucosticta.CommoninLaSelva.

Severalpairswereseen.Gray­breastedWood­Wren.Henicorhinaleucophrys.Twopairswereobservedin

Monteverde.NightingaleWren.Microcerculusphilomela.Weenjoyedgreatviewsofthis

speciesinArenal.Scaly­breastedWren.Microcerculusmarginatus.WehadsuperbviewsinCarara

oftwoindividualscomingtouswhilecallingsporadically.Sylviidae.

Long­billedGnatwren.Ramphocaenusmelanurus.PairswereseeninCararaandlaterheardinLaSelva.

TropicalGnatcatcher.Polioptilaplumbea.ApairwasobservedinLaSelva.Turdidae.

Black­facedSolitaire.Myadestesmelanops.Whatabird!WeenjoyedseeingthisspeciessingingfrominsidetheforestinMonteverde.

Black­billedNightingale­Thrush.Catharusgracilirostris.AsingleindividualwasenjoyedwhileinthetrailofVolcánPoás.

Orange­billedNightingale­Thrush.Catharusaurantiirostris.WesawthisonearoundFondaVela,nearMonteverde.Inonemorningwesawthreeindividuals.

Slaty­backedNightingale­Thrush.Catharusfuscater.HeardonlyinMonteverde.SootyThrush.Turdusnigrescens.ThisspecieswasseennearMonteverdeand

seenagaininVolcánPoás.MountainThrush.Turdusplebejus.CommonaroundMonteverde.Pale­ventedThrush.Turdusobsoletus.Wehadgreatviewsofthisthrushnearthe

waterfallintheVirgendelSocorroroad.Clay­coloredThrush.Turdusgrayi.Thisspecieswasseenateverydayofthe

tour.ThisisthenationalbirdofCostaRica.White­throatedThrush.Turdusassimilis.Thebestlocationtoenjoythisspecies

wasFincaEcológicawithseveralindividualsattendinganantswarm.Ptilogonatidae.Thesilky‐flycatchersarenotrelatedwiththetyrantflycatchersbutarecalledthiswaybecauseoftheirsilky‐lookingplumageandoftheforagingtechniques,verymuchliketheoneusedbytrueflycatchers.MostspeciesarefoundinCentralAmericaandsouthernNorthAmerica.ThisfamilyofbirdsisrelatedwiththeWaxwings.

Black&yellowSilky­flycatcher.Phainoptilamelanoxantha.WeobservedapairinMonteverdebutenjoyedbetterviewsofanotherpairinVolcánPoás.ThisspeciesissorobustthatseemslikeafruiteaterofSouthAmerica.

Long­tailedSilky­flycatcher.Ptilogonyscaudatus.Whataview!Welovedseeingabout5individualsonroutetoVolcanPoás.Seethevideoat

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http://ibc.lynxeds.com/video/long‐tailed‐silky‐flycatcher‐ptilogonys‐caudatus/pair‐responding‐playback‐voiceParulidae.

Flame­throatedWarbler.Parulagutturalis.FiveindividualswereseennearVolcánPoás.Whatabeautifulbird!NoticethatisplacedinthesamegenusastheNorthernParula.

TropicalParula.Parulapitiayumi.ApairwasobservedwhilewalkingacrossthehangingbridgesnearArenal.

YellowWarbler.Dendroicapetechia.WeobservedtheresidentraceofthisspecieswhileontheboattripattheRíoTárcoles.ThisraceissometimesnamedGoldenWarbler.

Gray­crownedYellowthroat.Geothlypispoliocephala.OneindividualwasobservedalongtheRíoTárcoles.

Slate­throatedRedstart.Myioborusminiatus.ThisspecieswascommoninMonteverde.

CollaredRedstart(Whitestart).Myioborustorquatus.WhatagreatviewofapairinMonteverde!AnotherpairwasobservedonroutetoVolcánPoás.Seetheamazingvideotakeninourtourathttp://ibc.lynxeds.com/video/collared‐redstart‐myioborus‐torquatus/individual‐preening‐fairly‐open‐branch‐some‐6‐meters‐gro

Golden­crownedWarbler.Basileuterusculicivorus.ThisspecieswasfairlycommonbelowMonteverde.

Rufous­cappedWarbler.Basileuterusrufifrons.ThisonewasseeninMonteverdeandinFincaEcológica.

Black­cheekedWarbler.Basileuterusmelanogenys.ApairwasobservedintheZeledoniatrail,inVolcánPoás.

Three­stripedWarbler.Basileuterustristriatus.SeveralindividualswereobservednearMonteverde.

Buff­rumpedWarbler.Phaeothlypisfulvicauda.Thisspeciesoccursclosetowatercoursesandwasseenatseverallocations.Wesawmorethan23individualsinourtrip.

Wrenthrush.Zeledoniacoronata.Thiswasanotherhighlightofthetour.WehadamazingviewsofasingleindividualcomingveryclosetoourfeetinVolcánPoás.

GenusIncertaeSedis.

Bananaquit.Coerebaflaveola.Dailyviewsofvariousindividualsinfairlyopenhabitats.Thraupidae.

CommonBush­Tanager.Chlorospingusophthalmicus.WesawseveralindividualsinMonteverdeandothermountainareas.

Sooty­cappedBush­Tanager.Chlorospinguspileatus.MorethanadozenwereseeninVolcánPoás.

Black­and­yellowTanager.Chrysothlypischrysomelas.Asmallflockof5individualswasseenattheSnowcapsite.

Dusky­facedTanager.Mitrospinguscassinii.AsingleindividualwasseennearLaSelva.

Gray­headedTanager.Eucometispenicillata.ThisarmyantspecialistwasobservedinCarara.

White­shoulderedTanager.Tachyphonusluctuosus.ThisspeciesismainlyamazonianandradiatestoCentralandSouthAmerica.WesawapairinCarara.

Tawny­crestedTanager.Tachyphonusdelatrii.ApairwasobservednearSelvaVerdelodge.

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Crimson­collaredTanager.Ramphocelussanguinolentus.WeenjoyedgreatviewsofthreepairswhilebirdingatthecaribbeancoastofCostaRica.

Passerini'sTanager.Ramphoceluspasserinii.DailyviewsatthecaribbeansideofCostaRica.

Cherrie'sTanager.Ramphoceluscostaricensis.ApairwasobservedinCarara.OliveTanager.Chlorothraupiscarmioli.Aflockofabout16individualsflew

acrosstheroadattheentranceoftheaerialtramtoBraulioCarrillo.Blue­grayTanager.Thraupisepiscopus.Dailyviews.PalmTanager.Thraupispalmarum.Thisspecieswasfairlycommonatthe

caribbeanside.Plain­coloredTanager.Tangarainornata.Asingleindividualwasobservedat

theaerialtram.EmeraldTanager.Tangaraflorida.AsingleindividualwasfoundbyGeoffin

Arenal.Silver­throatedTanager.Tangaraicterocephala.Wesawthisoneinaboutfour

times.Usuallyfoundinloosepairsorwithfeedingflocks.SpeckledTanager.Tangaraguttata.Apairwasobservedattheaerialtram.Bay­headedTanager.Tangaragyrola.ThisonewasseenfirstinCararaandlater

inArenal.Rufous­wingedTanager.Tangaralavinia.ApairwasobservedonlyinArenal.Golden­hoodedTanager.Tangaralarvata.Thisspeciesturnedouttobecommon

atbothsidesofthecountry.Severalindividualswereseen.Spangle­cheekedTanager.Tangaradowii.ApairwasobservedinMonteverde

andlaterthreepairswereseeninVolcánPoás.Scarlet­thighedDacnis.Dacnisvenusta.Weenjoyedoutstandingviewsofseveral

individualsnexttothereceptionofHotelFondaVelawhereatreepackedwithsmallberriesworkedasamagnetoforseveralsmallpasserine.

BlueDacnis.Dacniscayana.ApairwasseentwiceinMonteverde.GreenHoneycreeper.Chlorophanesspiza.DailyviewsinLaSelva.ShiningHoneycreeper.Cyanerpeslucidus.ThisonewasalsoseenwellinLa

Selva.ThisspeciesisreplacedbyPurpleHoneycreeperinSouthAmerica.Red­leggedHoneycreeper.Cyanerpescyaneus.Dailyviews.WidespreadinCosta

Rica.GenusIncertaeSedis.

GrayishSaltator.Saltatorcoerulescens.WefoundthisspeciesattheCaribbeansideofCostaRicaincludingasingleoneattheentranceofLaSelva.

Buff­throatedSaltator.Saltatormaximus.Weenjoyeddailyviews.Wemanagedtopilemorethan16viewsinthewholetrip.Emberizidae.

Blue­blackGrassquit.Volatiniajacarina.MaleswereseenwhileinCarara.VariableSeedeater.Sporophilaamericana(corvina).Weenjoyeddailyviews

mainlyinthelowlands.White­collaredSeedeater.Sporophilatorqueola.ApairwasseennearArenal

lodge.NicaraguanSeed­Finch.Oryzoborusnuttingi.Asingleindividualwasheardina

grasslandnearSelvaVerdelodge.Unfortunatelyitremainedhiddenfarawayinascrubacrossafence.

Thick­billedSeed­Finch.Oryzoborusfunereus.AfemalewasscopednearSelvaVerdelodge.

Yellow­facedGrassquit.Tiarisolivaceus.WesawthisspecieswhilebirdingthePacificsideofCostaRica.AlsoseennearLaSelva.

2010SummerCostaRica.D.Ascanio

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Peg­billedFinch.Acanthidopsbairdii.ThislargefinchwasobservedinthetrailofVolcánPoás.

SlatyFlowerpiercer.Diglossaplumbea.ThiswasanotherspeciesseenonlyinVolcánPoás.Weenjoyedviewsofmorethan20individuals.

Yellow­thighedFinch.Pselliophorustibialis.AconspicuousfinchsingingmuchlikesaltatorsduetinginSouthAmerica.ApairwasseeninVolcánPoás.

Large­footedFinch.Pezopetescapitalis.AbouteightindividualswereobservedinVolcánPoás.

White­napedBrush­Finch.Atlapetesalbinucha.WeenjoyedgreatviewsofthisspecieswhileinFondaVela,nearMonteverde.Enjoythevideoofanindividualsingingathttp://ibc.lynxeds.com/video/white‐naped‐brush‐finch‐atlapetes‐albinucha/single‐individual‐singing‐dawn‐gardens‐hotel‐fonda

Sooty­facedFinch.Arremoncrassirostris.AsingleindividualwasobservedinVolcánPoás.

Orange­billedSparrow.Arremonaurantiirostris.ThisbeautifulsparrowwasseenwellinCararaandlaterinSelvaVerdelodgeandLaSelvabiologicalstation.

Black­stripedSparrow.Arremonopsconirostris.VariousindividualswereobservednearArenal.

White­earedGround­Sparrow.Melozoneleucotis.WeenjoyedthisonewhileinFondaVela,nearMonteverde.Thecontrastingwhiteearswerediagnostic.

Stripe­headedSparrow.Aimophilaruficauda.Averyinterestingsparrowoccuringinopenhabitat(secondarygrowthandfarmland)thusperchingintheopen.WeenjoyviewsofitinCarara.Seethevideoathttp://ibc.lynxeds.com/video/stripe‐headed‐sparrow‐aimophila‐ruficauda/single‐individual‐perched‐fairly‐open‐area‐secondary

Rufous­collaredSparrow.Zonotrichiacapensis.AwidespreadspeciesinCentralandSouthAmerica.Itwasseeninmountainareas.Cardinalidae.Thisfamilywasdescribedin1901(Ridgway)andhavebeenrecentlyinthescopeofnorthamericanbirdersduetotherecentplaceofsomespeciespreviouslythoughttobelongtotheThraupidae(Tanagers).InCostaRicathisaffectsthe“tanagers”inthegenusPirangaaswellasthe“ant‐tanagers”.

Red­throatedAnt­Tanager.Habiafuscicauda.WeobservedthisspecieswhileinthetrailofLaSelvalodge.Itwasseeninasmallfamilygroup.

Black­facedGrosbeak.Caryothraustespoliogaster.Agroupofabout5individualswasobservedattheedgeoftheforestinLaSelva.UntilfewyearsagothepopulationsofCentralAmericaandSouthAmericawereconsideredthesamespeciesbutnowadaystheonefoundsouthofVenezuelaisnamedYellow‐greenGrosbeakCaryothraustescanadensis.DidyounoticedthatthespecificepithetmakesreferencetoCanada?JoinmeinSouthEasternVenezuelatofindoutmoreaboutthismistake!

Blue­blackGrosbeak.Cyanocompsacyanoides.ApairwasobservedindarkunderstoryinCarara.Icteridae.

Red­wingedBlackbird.Agelaiusphoeniceus.WesawthisspecieswhilewedroveacrossfarmlandsandpartiallyopenedareasnearLaSelva.

EasternMeadowlark.Sturnellamagna.OneindividualwasobservedbetweenFondaVelaandArenallodge.

MelodiousBlackbird.Divesdives.WeonlyheardthisspecieswhileinlaSelva.Great­tailedGrackle.Quiscalusmexicanus.Thisspecieswasseenalmostevery

dayofthetour.

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BronzedCowbird.Molothrusaeneus.AlargenumberwasfoundnearthepigfarmdowntheroadfromFondaVela.

Black­cowledOriole.Icterusprosthemelas.WefoundthisspeciesinvarioustimesfromArenallodgetoLaSelva,eitherinpairsoralone.

Yellow­billedCacique.Amblycercusholosericeus.ApairwasobservedalongthedirtroadheadingfromArenallodgeouttothemainroad.Itwasheardfirstcallingfrominsideascrubbyvegetationandlaterseenwhenflyingacrosstheroadgivingitsdiagnosticfastcockingofthetailinflight.

Scarlet­rumpedCacique.Cacicusuropygialis.MorethaneightindividualswereseeninLaSelva.

Chestnut­headedOropendola.Psarocoliuswagleri.ThisinterestingoropendolawasseeninFondaVelawherewemanagedtoseeapair.Later,inArenallodgewesawagroupof6individualsinspectingthebarkofbarebranches.Don’tmissthevideoofthisuncommonoropendolainhttp://ibc.lynxeds.com/video/chestnut‐headed‐oropendola‐psarocolius‐wagleri/small‐flock‐foraging‐canopy‐quite‐active‐inspec

MontezumaOropendola.Psarocoliusmontezuma.ThisoropendolawasverycommonintheCaribbeansideofCostaRica.WesawitseveraltimesinLaSelvaandinArenallodge.Fringillidae.

ScrubEuphonia.Euphoniaaffinis.SeveralpairswereobservedinCarara.Yellow­crownedEuphonia.Euphonialuteicapilla.ApairwasseeninLaSelva.Yellow­throatedEuphonia.Euphoniahirundinacea.Thiswasthemostcommon

euphoniaatthePacificsideofthecountry.Wecountedupto16individualsinsixdays.Spot­crownedEuphonia.Euphoniaimitans.Afemalewasglimpsedintheterra

firmetrailinCarara.Olive­backedEuphonia.Euphoniagouldi.ThisspecieswasseenattheCaribbean

sideofthecountrywith22individualsseeninfourdays.Tawny­cappedEuphonia.Euphoniaanneae.Thisonewasobservedforaging

alongwithfeedingflocks.8individualswereseen.ElegantEuphonia.Euphoniaelegantissima.Apairwasseenfromtheterraceof

FondaVela.Golden­browedChlorophonia.Chlorophoniacallophrys.Thiswonderfulspecies

wasseeninMonteverde(morethan10individualsinoneday!)andnearVolcánPoás.

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OTHERSPECIESLISTMammals.CommonOpossum.Didelphismassupialis.Brown­throatedThree­toedSloth.Bradypusvariegatus.Hoffmann´sTwo­toedSloth.Choloepushoffmanni.White­facedCapuchinMonkey.Cebuscapuchinus.MantledHowlerMonkey.Alouattapalliata.Deppe´sSquirrel.Sciurusdeppei.MontaneorPoasSquirrel.Syntheosciurusbrochus.

VariegatedSquirrel.Sciurusvariegatoides.UnidentifiedRatSpecies.MexicanHairyPocupine.Coendoumexicanus.CentralAmericaAgouti.Dasyproctapunctata.Paca.Agoutipaca.White­nosedCoati.Nasuanasua.Olingo.Bassaricyongabbii.CollaredPeccary.Tayassupecari.

Amphibians&Reptiles.MarineToad.Bufomarinus.Green&blackPoisonDartFrog.Dendrobatesauratus.SstrawberryPoisonDartFrog.Dendrobatespumilio.Red­eyedLeafFrog.Agalychniscallidryas.CommonTinkFrog.Eleutherodactylusdiastema.SpectacledCaiman.Caimancrocodilus.BlackWoodTurtle.Rhinoclemmysfunerea.

HouseGecko.Hemidactylusfrenatus.JesusChristLizard.Basiliscusbasiliscus.GreenBasilisk.Basiliscusplumifrons.BlackSpiny­tailedIguana.Ctenosaurasimilis.GreenIguana.Iguanaiguana.StreamAnole.Anolisoxylophus.CentralAmericaWhip­tailedLizard.Ameivaameiva.FalseCoralSnake.Colubridae.

Invertebrades.GoldenOrb­Weaver.Nephilaclavipes.Spiderspecies.Leaf­cuttingAnts.Attacephalotes.ArmyAnts.Acitonburcheli.BulletAnts.Paraponeraclavata.SundownCicadas.Fidicinamannifera.AntLion.Mermeleonsp.PaperWasp.Vespidae.Grasshopperspecies.Katydidspecies.Mothspecies.CaligoButterfly.Caligomemmon.Morpho.Morphopeleides.Caterpillarspecies.

HelicopterDamselfly.Megaloprepuscaerulatus.Dragonflyspecies.ArborealTermite.Nasutitermessp.MangroveCrabs.Cockroachspecies.Beetlespecies.ParasiticPhoridFlies.Diptera.Mosquitosp.Fireflysp.Sandflysp.HummingbirdHawk­Moth.Macroglossumstellatarum.