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2010 FAA WorldwideAirport Technology Transfer Conference
Light energy– Sunlight
Thermal energy– Hot pavement
– Changing temperature gradient
Mechanical energy– Stress (Strain)
– Vibration
Foundation
Photovoltaic technology– Light energy
– Solar panel
The solar road in Oregon (ODOT) The solar road in Oregon (ODOT) Conceptual model of the Solar
Roadway (Solar Roadway™) Conceptual model of the Solar
Roadway (Solar Roadway™)
Solar panel
Transparent surface
Thermoelectric technology– Efficiency<1%/K
Typicl temperature profile in asphalt pavement in California (UCPRC)
Typicl temperature profile in asphalt pavement in California (UCPRC)Thermoelectric moduleThermoelectric module
Heat source
Heat sink
Δ TN P -- ++
++ ++----
Direct heat transfer– Japan
• Hokkaido University
• M. Hasebel (2006)
– USA• WPI (The Worcester Polytechnic Institute)
• Rajib B. Mallick (2009)
Cool waterCool water Thermoelectric modules
Thermoelectric modules
Heat collection tubeHeat collection tube
PavementPavement
PumpPump
Cool fluidCool fluid
TankTank
Heat collection tubeHeat collection tube
PavementPavementSolar pumpSolar pump
Hot waterHot
waterSolar heating
elementSolar heating
element
Direct heat transfer– Netherland
• Road Energy SystemR (2004)– Ooms Nederland Holding
– WTH Vloerverwarming
– and TipSpit
Cold waterCold water
AquiferAquifer
ACAC
Hot waterHot water
Piezoelectric technology– Israel
• Innowattech (2008)• Potential energy
– 1 lane, 1 km, >600 v/h– Maximum 250 kW
– China• Tongji Univeristy
– Have the concept since 2008– Pilot project
» 2010~2012» Funded by NSFC
Conceptual model of the IPEGTM system (Innowattech)
Conceptual model of the IPEGTM system (Innowattech)
Piezoelectric effects– Stress Electric Charge
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Original statusOriginal status
EE
PolarizingPolarizing After polarizingAfter polarizing
Absorbing free chargeAbsorbing free charge
FF
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Piezoelectric effectsPiezoelectric effects
Piezoelectric effects– Stress Electric Charge
Piezoelectric Material– PZT (one of piezoelectric ceramic)
– PVDF (polyvinylidene fluoride)
– MFC (macro-fiber composite)
– ……
Piezoelectric transducers– Multilayer PZT
– Bimorph
– Cymbal
– THUNDER
– RAINBOW
– Moonie
PZTPZT
PZTPZT
PZTPZT
PZTPZT
PZTPZT
PZTPZT
Mechanical energy of pavement– Stress
– Vibration
Stress caused– Cymbal– Design parameters
• PZT performance• Cymbal size• Cymbal fatigue• Cymbal stiffness• End cap performance
– FEA simulation• p=0.7 MPa, dc=32mm, tp=2mm• Electric potential : 57.44 V• Electric energy: 0.02 mJ• Electric power at f=50Hz: 1.0 mW
h
t c
PZTCap
p
AC
Electrical potentialElectrical potential
Initial lab test– Cymbal array
• d=10 mm
– Maximum voltage• 254 V @ 20HZ 0.7MPa
LEDLED
Vibration caused– Bimorph based cantilever
– Design parameters• PZT performance
• Vibration Frequency
• Cantilever Fatigue Fix endFix end MassMass
BimorphBimorphAC
Pavement vibration– Truck at 60km/h– CHA, Wenhua (2007)
Initial bimorph design– Frequency=65Hz
M =3 gM =3 g
l=50 mml=50 mmB=10 mmB=10 mm
h=0.8 mmh=0.8 mm
Piezoelectric generator– Light the lights
– Cool or heat the pavement
– Contribute to public using
Are those only we can do?
Piezoelectric generators = Sensors– Measure traffic wander
– Monitor pavement crack
– Extend pavement life• Cool temperature in Summer
• Warm temperature in Winter
• Low energy contribute to fatigue
– Self-repairing pavement in future??
What’s the cost? What’s the efficiency? How to storage the harvested energy? How long is the life? ……
2010 FAA WorldwideAirport Technology Transfer Conference