2009 Bechtel lectures

LECTURE TWO

Women Clothed with the Sun:Sophia Facing the Beast

Elaine Enns and Ched Myers

This lecture means to honor the peace and justice work of women, andwewould like tobeginbynaming just two.One is thewomanwhowascleaning our room at the St. Paul’s United College dorm today here inWaterloo.FromElSalvador, shehas livedandworked inOntario for17years.Weaskedherhowshedealswiththecoldweather,andsherepliedthatitwasn’tnearlyasbadasalltheyearssheworkedintherefrigeratedenvironmentofalocalchickenprocessingfactory.Herhusbandstillworksin thebeef slaughterhouse, she said,herpainwellmasked; she’sglad tohave“graduated”tocleaningrooms.Toallthewomenwhoworkinvisiblyinthelowwagesector,maywecometoknowyourstories.

Thesecondwomanisalsocloseathand,intheaudiencetonight:HedySawadsky. The first ethnic Mennonite Ched ever met, thirty years ago, she hasbeenadearfriendandapioneerpeacemaker.Sawadskyhasventuredwell beyond the safe confines of her clan to build bridges of collaboration and common witness with activists across the ecumenical spectrum. SheremainsactivetodaywithChristianPeacemakerTeams,andwehonorherasourbelovedelder,colleague,mentor,andatruepeacewarrior.

To these twowomen,anewfriendandanoldone,weofferasaninvocationafewlinesfromourfavoriteAliceWalkerpoem,“WhileLoveisUnfashionable”1:

WhileloveisdangerousletuswalkbareheadedbesidetheGreatRiver.Letusgatherblossomsunder fire.

Women Clothed with the Sun: Sophia Facing the Beast 29

In the prolegomenon to the peacemaking manifesto of Ephesiansthat we looked at in the first lecture, the author declares: “With all wisdom (sophia)andinsightGodhasmadeknowntousthemysteryoftheDivinewill”(Eph.1:8).HegoesontopraythatGodmightgrantthereader“aspiritofwisdom(sophia)andofrevelation”tounderstandandembracetheabolitionofenmityembodiedinChrist(1:17).Andaswesaw,theauthorconcludeshisargumentbycontendingthatitis“throughthechurchthatthediversewisdom(sophia)ofGodmightnowbemadeknowntothePrincipalitiesandPowersinthehighestplaces”(Eph3:10).ThreetimesEphesiansstressestheintimate relationship between the “mysterious” vocation of peacemakingandthespiritofsophia.

The imageofdivineSophiaasawoman isbeloved in theEasternOrthodoxChurch.ItiscelebratedinthemeditationsofthegreatmedievalCatholic mystic Hildegard of Bingen.And in the last two decades, thistradition, marginalized in the western church, has been recovered byChristianfeminists.ButitsrootsgoallthewaybacktotheHebrewBible,wheretheHebrewwordchokhmah (liketheGreeksophia)isfeminine.

ThemostfamousarticulationisProverbs8-9,whichportraysWisdomasafemaleprophettryingtogettheattentionofthepeopleofhervillage.Sophiaurgently“takesherstand,cryingout–ontheheights,besidetheway,atthecrossroads,infrontofthegates,attheentranceoftheportals”(Prov.8:2).Awomanwouldnottypicallyhavebeenseeninsuchprominentpublicplaces in the patriarchal culture of antiquity, where women were largelysequesteredathome.ButLadyWisdom’smessageofjustice(8:15f)breaksgendertaboosinitsinsistence.Thewriteroffersacosmicrationale:Sophia’struthnotonlypre-existsCreation(8:22-29)butindeedco-createdtheworldwithGod(8:30f).InProverbs9,Sophiasetsatableforafeasttowhicheventhe“simplest”areinvited(9:1-5).Bothimagesareprofoundlymaternal:thewiseoldcronedemandingahearing,andthehouseholderofferingwarm,nurturing hospitality. Later, Jesus (perhaps reflecting the influence of a very strongmother) invoked thisvery tradition,warning skeptics resistinghismessage:“Wisdom(sophia) is justified by her children” (Luke 7:35).

Indeed, women have long held up the world, not only in theirnurturing but also by fiercely protecting their children and making peace in thehome,theneighborhoodandbeyond.InancientGreece,Aristophanes’

The Conrad Grebel Review30

comedy Lysistrata (which loosely translated means “she who disbandsarmies”) describes how the bloody, 20-year Peloponnesian War was finally halted only when the women of Athens refused to have sex with theirhusbands.Hostilitiesceasedinsixdays!Similarly,intheHebrewBiblewefind the extraordinary story of Abigail, who confounded David’s mission of vengeance against her husband by meeting David’s army in the field armed onlywithasumptuousbanquet.Impressedwithhercourageandcreativity,heabandonedhisplansforretribution(1Sam.25:18-20).

In indigenous cultures women have played special roles aspeacemakers, intervening in conflicts and often declaring truces in war. For example, the entire Lenape clan of the DelawareValley in PennsylvaniawasappointedbytheIroquoisConfederacytoplaytheroleasmediators/peacemakers in tribal conflicts, and collectively referred to as ‘women.’ “It is not well that all nations should war; for that will finally bring about the destructionoftheIndians,”goestheLenapesacredstory,theWalam Olum.

Wehavethoughtofameanstopreventthisbeforeitistoolate.LetonenationbeTheWoman.Wewillplaceherinthemiddle,andthewarnationsshallbetheMenanddwellaroundher.NooneshallharmtheWoman….TheWomanshallnotgotowar,butdoherbest tokeepthepeace.WhentheMenaroundherfight one another, and the strife waxes hot, the Woman will have thepowertosay,‘YouMen!Whydoyoustrikeoneanother?Rememberthatyourwivesandchildrenwillperishifyoudonotcease.Willyouperishfromthefaceoftheearth?’ThentheMenshalllistentotheWomanandobeyher.2

InNorthAmericanhistoryalone,thecloudofwitnessesofwomenwarriorsforpeaceandjusticeisvast:from19th-centuryabolitionistHarrietTubmanto 20th-century United Farm Workers co-founder Dolores Huerta; fromfamous Civil Rights heroine Rosa Parks to forgotten movement martyrViolaLiuzzo;andfromNoraBernardofMillbrookFirstNationsReservein Nova Scotia – instrumental in helping to launch Canada’s first Truth and Reconciliation Commission process – to recent Brazilian forest defenderandmartyrSisterDorothyStang.In2005,a thousandwomenfrommorethan150countrieswerejointlynominatedfortheNobelPeacePrize,inanefforttomakevisiblewomen’sworkofcounteringinjustice,discrimination,

Women Clothed with the Sun: Sophia Facing the Beast 31

oppression, and violence in the pursuit of peace.3 Earlier this month wecelebratedInternationalWomen’sDay,whichhasitsrootsinwomen’slaborstrugglesdatingbackto1857.

Unfortunately,women’sstorieshavelongbeenhiddenorsuppressedin the dominant patriarchal culture, forever considered secondary to the“heroic feats” of men. This is definitely a problem among Mennonites. Thus we believe it is important to underline the restorative justice andpeacemakingworkofwomenwhoembodyboth thepropheticSophiaofProverbsandthepeacemakingSophiaofEphesians.

WerightlyrememberwomenmartyrsinourAnabaptisttradition,suchasMariavonMonjou.ButstoriesofMennonitewitnessliemuchclosertohome;forexample,Elaine’sgreat-grandmotherSchultz.DuringtheRussianrevolutionNestorMakhnoandhisbanditswereravagingMennonitevillagesintheUkraine,murdering,raping,stealing,anddemandingtobefed,clothed,andgivenaplacetosleep.DuringChristmasof1918,Makhnoandhismencame to great-grandma Schultz’s home. The men of the house had to flee for their safety.Great-grandma, her daughters, and small children stayedintheirhome;shedirectedMakhnoandhismentosleepinthebestroom,servedthemmeals,andgavethemclothes.Butshealwayskeptawatchfuleyeonherdaughtersandchildren,neverleavingthemalonesotheywouldnotbehurtorviolatedbyMakhno’smen.Shecourageouslyabsorbedtheviolenceofthosemen,trumpingitbythepowerofhospitality.Weimagineher telling them firmly, “There will be noviolenceinmyhouse–Iwillnotallowit!”

I

Tonight, however, we want to focus on Christian women outside ourAnabaptist tradition,mentorsofourswhoseworkwebelievehasa lot toteachthoseofusinthepeacechurchtradition.4

Murphy DavisMurphyDavisworkstoconfrontthedeathpenaltyintheUnitedStatesandthecoldshadowitcastsoverthelifeofthepoor.Forover30years,Davishas been a tireless advocate for the most marginalized people in North

The Conrad Grebel Review32

America: thoseonthestreetsandthoseon “death row.” Davis (right) and herhusbandEduardLoringarePresbyterianministerswhofoundedTheOpenDoorCommunity (ODC) in 1981 in an oldapartment building near downtownAtlanta, Georgia.Their focus is on therelationship between homelessness,prison, poverty, class, and racialsegregation. Some of the communitymembers were once homeless or inprison, while others are ministers,students, or lawyers. Daily, the ODCoffers food, clothing, showers, toilets,telephoneuse,andsheltertothoselivingonthestreets.

In 1976, Davis set up Southern Prison Ministry (SPM) to workspecifically with persons on death row and women in prison. She has made innumerable visits to Death Row, befriending hundreds of inmates andimmersingherselfinthestruggletoabolishthedeathpenalty.Thelossoffriends on death row hits her hard. InAdvent of 1983, 54-year-old JohnEldon Smith was the first man to be executed under the new Death Penalty law.Forfouryears,Davishadvisitedhimandfoughtforhislife.Sherelatesher first journey through that fire:

Thedaysfollowingthekillingfoundourcommunityaboutthetasks of burial and comforting Smitty’s family.… One weeklaterwemadea feebleeffort topickourselvesup toprepareChristmasdinnerforourhomelessfriends.ThetemperaturesinAtlantasuddenlyfelltozeroandbelow.…Evenaswecelebratedthe Nativity of our Lord, twenty of our homeless sisters andbrothersdiedinthestreetsandalleywaysofourcity…frozenstiffindarkcorners,abandonedcars,vacantbuildings.…Dayand night we cooked hot food and fixed hot coffee and tea to take out onto the streets.We squeezed as many extra bodiesinto our dining room as the space would bear.… Nothing inmy background as a white overeducated Christian; nothing

Women Clothed with the Sun: Sophia Facing the Beast 33

in my studies; nothing in my spiritual instruction or pastoralcounseling–nothinghadpreparedmetomeetwithsuchutterfailure,griefandsuffering.5

Davishasdoneextensiveresearchontheexperienceofincarceration,the rapid growth of the “prison-industrial complex,” and the disturbingrelationshipbetweenprisonexpansionandthedeclineofaffordablehousing.Whenshebeganthisworkin1976,fewerthan50peoplewereonGeorgia’sdeath row; now that number is over one hundred. Davis is a powerfulpreacherandteacherwhobringsrigorousanalysistogetherwithcompellingstoriesofheraccompanimentwork.Butforallherpropheticadvocacy,theheartofherworkispastoral:visitingprisonersonDeathRow,listeningtotheirstories,andadvocatingforthem.

Asthecallforvengeancebypoliticalleadersandmanychurcheshasbecomeevenmoreinsistent,andthepoormoremaligned,Davisreliesonherfaithtosustainherinthefaceofinsurmountableloss.Sherelatedtousthat:

The most important piece is to have a community, so thefailuresandthedeepsorrowandgriefarenotbornealone.Noindividualcanbarethecrushing,hatefulpowerofthissystem.We must build community and find a spiritual well to draw on. Our deep spiritual well is the discipleship movement of thevagrantJesus,thedark-skinnedMiddleEasterner,theexecutedconvict Jesus. That is the well that sustains us, that helps us find the resurrection that is hidden amidst so much crucifixion.

Davisisinherfourthroundofbattlingcancer.Recentlyshetoldusofyetanotherfriendshehadaccompaniedondeathrowformanyyears.Beforehisexecutionhewasaskedifhewasreadytodie.Heresponded,“Hell,no.Iwanttolive.Iamnotreadytodie.ButIamprepared.”Thiswasa significant lesson for Davis as she faces her own fight with cancer.

In1995,whenthedoctorsgaveme6-8monthstolive,Ithought,“I don’t want to die. I want to see my daughter finish high school andbecomeanadult.ButifIhavetodie,Ihavehadthebestteachers,peoplewhofacedamuchmorecrueldeath.”Thoughfacing execution, they did not sacrifice their dignity, they did

The Conrad Grebel Review34

nothandover theircapacityfor loveandforgiveness.This iswhatlivesinsideme.

For her tireless work and advocacy Davis was recently selectedinto Robert Shetterly’s “Americans Who Tell The Truth” portrait series,joining such women as Rosa Parks and Dorothy Day (http://www.americanswhotellthetruth.org).

Marietta JaegerMarietta Jaeger’s journey is marked bytragedyandagonizinggrief.Yetwithhermoralauthorityasthemotherofamurdervictim,shechallengesallofustodisarmour hearts and practice forgiveness. OnJune 25, 1973, Jaeger’s seven-year-olddaughter Susie was kidnapped duringa family camping trip in Montana. Forfifteen months the family knew nothing of Susie’swhereabouts.Jaegertoldus:

Iwascatapultedintoaveryintense,spiritualjourney.InitiallyIwaswillingtokillthekidnapperwithmybarehandsfortakingmylittlegirlawayandbecauseoftheterribleeffectithadonmy entire family. I made a year-long commitment to dailywrestlewithGodabout forgiveness, justice,mercy,and love.Manypeoplewereprayingformeanditwasa long,gradualprocess.Butduringthatyear,Icametorealizethreethings:(1)InstayingfullofrageIwasinfacthandingmypowerovertothekidnapper,allowinghisactionstochangemyvaluesystem;(2)inGod’seyesthekidnapperwasjustaspreciousasmylittlegirl;and(3)ifIwantedtolivemyCatholicfaithwithintegrity,Iwascalledtoforgivemyenemies.IeventuallyrealizedthatIneeded to forgive thekidnapper for the sakeofmyself andeveryone who touched my life. And because I believe in aGodwhoneverviolatesourfreedomorfreewill,IgaveGodpermissiontochangemyheart,andbythetimewefoundoutwhathappened toSusie, themiracleof forgivenesshadbeen

Women Clothed with the Sun: Sophia Facing the Beast 3�

accomplishedinmyspirit.Ontheone-yearanniversaryof theabduction, thekidnappercalled

Jaeger,tauntingher.Butshedisarmedhimbyexpressingconcernthathisactionsmusthaveplacedatremendousburdenonhissoul.Hewastakenaback,andbegantocry.Hetalkedwithherforoveranhour,revealingenoughinformation about himself for the FBI to identify and find him. At last Jaeger learnedthepainfuldetailsofwhathadhappenedtoherdaughter.

AfewmonthsafterSusiewasburied,alocalchurchcontactedJaegeraskinghertospeakabouthowherfaithsustainedherthroughtheordeal.Thisopenedthedoortomanyotherinvitations,throughwhichshemetothermurdervictimfamilymembers,aswellaspeopleworkingindifferentareasofsocialjustice.Sheexplainedthat

Through my interactions with various activists, I began tomake theconnectionbetweenmypersonal stance toward themanwhohadtakenSusie’slifeandournation’sstancetowardits enemies. I would never have been complicit in my littlegirl’sdeath;howcouldIthenbesilentabouttheviolenceofthedeathpenaltymygovernmentwaspursuing inmynameandwithmytaxdollars?Now,myprimaryworkistohelppeopleunderstandforgivenessanditsbroaderapplications.Wedegradeand dehumanize ourselves by practicing capital punishment,andweputourselvesinthesamemindsetasthemurderer.Andweinsulttheinestimablevalueofourlovedone’smemorybybecomingthatwhichweabhor–peoplewhokillpeople.

Shepaused,takingadeepbreath.“Iwillnevercondonethekillingofanotherchained,defenselesspersonsuchasmydaughterwas,”shesaidinmeasuredtones.“Letusnotproduceyetanothervictimandanothergrievingfamily.”

Through the years Jaeger has continued to work with victims ofviolence, telling her story and encouraging them to find healing and wholeness.Sheiscriticalofthecriminaljusticesystem’sinabilitytobringclosureorhealing,andcallsonthechurchtoofferanalternative.

ManychurcheshaveprisonministriesbutIdon’tknowofonechurchthathasaministrytovictimsofviolence.Mostoften,victim families become isolated. Victim families need to be

The Conrad Grebel Review3�

held,loved,prayedfor,andlistenedto.Theyneedtocontinuallyprocess their rage, loss,andgrief inorder toget itout ratherthanletitfesterwithin.TheChristiancommunitythatupholdsthe value of life and forgiveness needs to be present so thatwhenthevictimshaveprocessedalloftheirpain,theyhearthatthenext,bestmoveistogiveGodpermissiontochangetheirhearts.

In1997,Jaegerco-foundedJourneyofHope,whichhasbeenontheforefrontofthedeathpenaltyabolitionistmovementandannuallyorganizesaspeakingtourthroughastatethatexecutespeople.Morerecentlysheco-foundedMurderVictimFamiliesforHumanRights,inwhichcapacityshehas testified before the United Nations Human Rights Commission.6Shetravelswidely invitingpeople into the struggle forpersonal andpoliticalforgiveness.

Marietta Jaeger remindsusof oneof the core truthsof restorativejustice:transformativepowerisunleashedwhenthevictimtakesthemoralinitiative. LikeMurphyDavis, she is awomanof justice andofmercy,embodyingtheSophiawisdomandcompassionofGod.

II

Anotherextraordinarybiblicalmetaphor sets thecontext forour last twostories of peacemaking women: John the Revelator’s vision of a womanstrugglingtoprotectlifeinthefaceofaBeastwhothreatensincalculableviolence:

Agreatportentappearedinheaven:awomanclothedwiththesun,withthemoonunderherfeet,andonherheadacrownoftwelvestars.Shewaspregnantandwascryingoutinbirthpangs,intheagonyofgivingbirth.Thenanotherportentappearedinheaven:agreatreddragon.…Thenthedragonstoodbeforethewomanwhowasabouttobearachild,sothathemightdevourherchildassoonasitwasborn.Andshegavebirthtoason.…(Rev.12:1-5)

Thedragonisoneofmanymastersymbolsusedbythisapocalypticwriter,

Women Clothed with the Sun: Sophia Facing the Beast 3�

a political prisoner of the Roman Empire in the late first century of the Common Era. In Revelation the dragon stands for the lethal violence ofempire.Itsintentto“devourthechild”isaclearallusiontothegospeltaleofHerod’sslaughteroftheinnocents,whichinturnispatternedontheoldExodus story of Pharaoh’s war on the Hebrew firstborn, in which it was midwiveswhorescuedthekidsfromtheking.LiketheLevitemotherofMoses,thiswomangivesbirthtoasonintheteethoftheDragon,nurturinglife in defiance of the power of death. Like Abigail, she confronts a war machinearmedonlywiththepoweroflove.

The woman of Revelation 12 is “clothed with the sun,” standingonthemoonandcrownedwiththestars.Suchevocativecelestial imagesareadmittedlystrangetoourmodernsensibilities.ButwebelievethatthismysteriousfemaleembodiesthedictumofthegreatcontemplativeThomasMerton:“ChristianhopebeginswhereeveryotherhopestandsfrozenstiffbeforethefaceoftheUnspeakable.”7OfcourseJohn’smainallusionhereistoMaryofNazareth,thecourageouspeasantgirlwhobirthedJesuswhilefleeing as a political refugee from Herod’s pogroms. This is why Catholic iconographycelebratesMaryasthewomanclothedwiththesun,standingon themoonandcloaked instars, in thebeautiful imageofOurLadyofGuadalupe.AsthepatronessofindigenouspeasantsdisplacedbySpanishcolonization in Mexico, Guadalupe has inspired many to resist injustice,especiallyinChicanomovementsintheU.S.Southwest.8

John’svisioncontinueswiththebiblicallyfamiliartale–reiteratedtwice–ofthewomantakingrefugeinthewilderness(Rev.12:6,14).TheRevelator isclearlydrawingon theExodusmotifof Israel’sescapefromPharaohintothedesert.Asintheoldstory,whereCreationsupportedtheHebrewsbyrisingupagainsttherecalcitrantempireinaseriesofplagues(Ex. 7-11), here “the earth came to the help of the woman,” this timedeflecting the plagues conjured against her by the Dragon (Rev. 12:16).Nature’sembraceofher,offeringprotectionfromimperialviolence,givesnewmeaningtotheterm“MotherNature”!

Thiswomanalsosymbolizesthechurchasacommunityofnonviolentresistance,embodyingadoublecapacity:thecouragetostandinthefaceoftheDragon,andthefortitudetodwellinthewildernesswhenmarginalizedorpersecutedbytheforcesofDomination.Indeed,thisvisionwasJohn’s

The Conrad Grebel Review3�

wayofarticulatingtheEphesiannotionofevangelismasengagementwiththe Domination System, the focus in our first lecture. Such witness often calls us to “noncooperate with and expose the works of darkness” (Eph.5:11) – a dimension of evangelism understood keenly by 16th-centuryAnabaptistsbutoften lostonour timidchurches today. Itdoes,however,describe the work of Myrna Bethke and Liz McAlister, women “clothedwiththesun”whohavetriedtoconfronttheDragonofwarandweaponsofmassdestruction.

Myrna BethkeIf Marietta Jaeger’s journey began as aprivate struggle that evolved into politicalaction, Myrna Bethke’s story began witha spectacularlypublic crime, towhich sheoffered a deeply personal response. Theabduction and tortureof Jaeger’s daughtertook place in secret; the whole worldwitnessedthekillingofthousandsofpeoplein the 9/11 attacks on the World TradeTowers.OneofthosevictimswasBethke’syoungestbrotherBill.Thoughhis remainshavestillnotbeenfound,acomputercardswipe confirmed he was in his office at the timeof the collapse.While that attackwasusedasacalltowarbytheleadersoftheUnitedStates,somefamilymembersofthosekilledmadepoignantpleasthatviolencenotbedoneintheirlovedones’names,andinsteadturnedtheirgriefintoactionsforpeace.Bethkewasamongthem.

Before 9/11, Bethke would not have described herself as a peaceactivist.ShewaspastorofFreeholdUnitedMethodistChurchinNewJersey,justoutsideNewYorkCity.Aftertheattack,herchurchopenedtheirdoorsforallwhowantedtocomepray.Inourinterviewsheexplainedthat:

Once immediate needs were taken care of, I found myselflongingtomakearesponsethatwouldworktowardsredemptionandrestoration.Iwasfairlycertainatthatpointthatwewere

Myrna Bethke with Arifa, who lost her husband and children when a US bomb landed on their home in Kabul.

Women Clothed with the Sun: Sophia Facing the Beast 39

going to bombAfghanistan and I was asking myself, “WhatcanIpersonallydotostopthis?”OnOctober7ththebombingbegan. ItwasmybrotherBill’sbirthdayand thatyear italsohappenedtobeWorldwideCommunionSunday.Therealitythatthebombingwouldleadtociviliandeathswasdeeplytroublingto many of us. We had experienced this trauma first hand, as wesearchedforourlovedonesthroughtherubbleoftheWorldTradeCenter.

Because the war was being waged in their names, some 9/11 familiesorganized themselves into a nonprofit group called “September 11th Families forPeacefulTomorrows.”“Theyunitedinadeterminationthatthedeathoftheirlovedonesshouldnotbeacauseformorekillingandtheycommittedtoseekingalternativestowarandworkingtoendthecycleofviolence.”9The group represents more than 100 family members of September 11thvictims,andhassubsequentlybeennominatedfortheNobelPeaceprize.

InJuneof2002,BethkewasinvitedtogotoAfghanistanaspartofaninterfaithclergygroup.ThedelegationfocusedonidentifyingwaysinwhichthefaithcommunitycouldsupporthumanitarianprojectsinKabul,includingtherebuildingofschools,clinics,andmosquesdestroyedduringthe US-led bombing campaign. “One of the most powerful moments inAfghanistan,”Myrnatoldus,“wasspendingtimewithabeautifullittlegirlnamedAmina”:

Wespentthedaytogetherplayinganddrawingpictures.ThenIlearnedherstory.OnemorningAminahadgottenuptomaketea for her family. She was in the back of the house gettingwaterwhenabombhitthefronthalfofthehouse.Aminalosther entire family in that instant; she was the only survivor.Whenshespoketoourgroupshestoodandlistedthenamesofallofherfamilymemberswhohadbeenkilled.Ifoundmyselfthinking,“Noeight-year-oldchildshouldhavetodothis!”

As I was listening to Amina, a memory came flooding back. About twoweeksafter9/11, Iwas talkingwithmyfatheronthe phone when we were interrupted. “The State Police justarrived,”hesaid,“andtheywantmetogiveaDNAsample.”I

The Conrad Grebel Review40

feltsohorriblethatmyfatherhadtodothatinordertoidentifyhis son. In Afghanistan, these two events powerfully cametogether.Itbecamecleartomethatweareallcalledtobuildaworldinwhichparentsandchildrendonothavetonametheirdeadinthisway.

After Bethke returned from Afghanistan she was invited to speak at aShiitemosqueinhercommunity.“TheShiashavealonghistoryoflamenttradition,”sheexplained.“AfterIspokeawomanofthemosquecameuptomecrying,saying,‘WethoughtonlythepoetryofArabiccouldexpressourlament.TodayyoutaughtusthatyoucouldlamentinEnglishaswell.’Iamverygratefulformyongoingrelationshipwithpeopleatthismosque,andconsideritoneoftheblessingsthatcameoutofthetragedyof9/11.”

After theattacksofSeptember11,Methodist laymanGeorgeBushmodeledtheclassicresponseofretribution:personalizingtheevilinOsamabin Laden and launching massive retaliatory strikes against a countrysimplybecausebinLadenwasresidentthere.Ontheotherhand,Methodistpastor Bethke modeled a creative restorative response, taking personalresponsibilitybychoosingtostandinsolidaritywithvictimsofwaronthe“otherside.”

Elizabeth McAlisterElizabethMcAlister(at far right),aformerRoman Catholic nun, gained notoriety inthe late 1960s because of her nonviolentresistancetotheVietnamWar.ShemarriedactivistpriestPhilipBerrigan,andtogethertheyfoundedJonahHouseintheinnercityof Baltimore, Maryland, which, for morethan 30 years, has been on the forefrontof prophetic Christian witness againstmilitarismandthenucleararmsrace.10

OnThanksgivingDay,November24,1983,McAlistertogetherwithsix others entered Griffiss Air Force Base in Rome, New York. In a symbolic attempttoturnswordsintoplowshares,theyenactedIsaiah’sprophecythat“nationshallnotliftupswordagainstnation,norshalltheylearnwarany

Women Clothed with the Sun: Sophia Facing the Beast 41

more”byhammeringonB-52bomberscarryingcruisemissiles,andpouringtheirownbloodontheplanes.11TheyleftatthesiteoftheirwitnessawrittenindictmentoftheUSgovernmentpointingtothewarcrimesofpreparingfornuclearwar.

While such dramatic and risky “Plowshares Actions” may seemdisturbingtomanyMennoniteswhoareunfamiliarwiththem,weshouldrecallthatMennoSimonsstronglyendorsedtheIsaianicvisionthatinspiredit.“Theregenerateddonotgotowar,norengageinstrife,”hefamouslysaid.“Theyarechildrenofpeacewhohave‘beatentheirswordsintoplowsharesandtheirspears intopruningforks,andknownowar’(Isaiah2:4,Micah4:3).”

InFederalCourtMcAlisterandhercompanionswereconvictedofconspiracyanddestructionofgovernmentproperty.Theyreceivedprisonsentences ranging from two to threeyears,whichsheservedatAldersonWomen’sPenitentiary.InourrecentinterviewMcAlistertoldus,“Icouldnothavedone thisactionunlessI feltundermandateofscripture tobeatswordsintoplowsharesandspearsintopruninghooks.Itwasamomentousthingtodo,andyet,Ihadtodosomethingagainstthisdeathsystem.”

AtthetimeofthisactionMcAlisterhadthreesmallchildrenathome.She is deeply concerned for her children and others around the world,since theyoung aremost adversely affectedbywar.Her commitment tononviolentresistancehasinfusedallthreeofherchildren.Asadults,eachisnowinvolvedinuniqueexpressionsofpeaceandjusticework.

Inadditiontohercivildisobediencework,McAlisterhasmentoredhundredsofyoungactivists,andtheJonahHousecommunityexperimentswith urban homesteading, having transformed an abandoned inner citycemetery intoa farmwithanimals,orchards,andvegetablegardens.Theconsistent gospel message coming from Jonah House has been that ifChristiansdonotexperimentwithnonviolenceasawayof life, then theworldwillbesentencedtounendingwarsofempire.

Plowsharesactionsmightnotbe theway,but theyarea wayofstatingveryclearlythesenuclearweaponshavenorighttoexist.Wedothesenonviolentactionsknowingtherisktoourownfreedomtotrytodisarmasystemofdomination.Becauseourcountryhasweapons,[Americans]invadecountriestohave

The Conrad Grebel Review42

accesstotheiroil,tin,fruit,coffee.Peopleofconsciencecannotacceptthisviolencethatimpoverishesthemajorityandprovideswealthforthefew.Weneedtopracticenonviolentresistance,andalsodisarmourhearts.

McAlister is a gifted teacher of both scripture and the history of socialchange.Wehaveorganizedanumberofwomen’sdiscipleshipretreatswithherinwhichwelookedatstoriesofwomenintheBible.Weworkhardtorescuethesetextsfrompatriarchalinterpreterssothatwecanrealizeafreshourvocations.ShehelpsusrecognizeourselvesinthestoriesofwomenlikeRachelandLeah,ShiprahandPuah,MaryandMartha,andotherwomenofcourageandfaith.

WegivethanksforgrandmotherslikeMcAlister,elderswhocontinuetoopposewarandinjusticeinallitsforms,whoarestrongenoughtostanduptothePowersandgentleenoughto“listenotherwomenintospeech.”

*****

The four women we have introduced briefly here12 insist on justice andmercylikeSophiainthevillagesquare,andfacetheBeastofviolenceinoursocietylikewomenclothedwiththesun.Ourpeacechurchesmustnotneglectthewitnessofsuchwomen,andwemustnurtureandencourageouryoungwomentoembracesuchadiscipleship.

Wewillletonemorenobleelderofferthebenedictionforthislecture.In1870,Mother’sDaybeganasananti-warprotest.EchoingthesentimentsofancientLysistrata,JulieWardHowe’s inauguralproclamationissuedaclarioncalltonon-cooperation:

Arisethen,womenofthisday!Ariseallwomenwhohavehearts,whether your baptism be of water or of tears! Say firmly: Our husbandsshallnotcometousreekingofcarnageforcaressesandapplause.Oursonsshallnotbe takenfromus tounlearnallthatwehavebeenabletoteachthemofcharity,mercy,andpatience.…13

Women Clothed with the Sun: Sophia Facing the Beast 43

Notes1AliceWalker,Her Blue Body Everything We Know: Earthling Poems 1965-90 Complete(NewYork:HarcourtBraceJovanovichPublishers,1991),233.2 Daniel Garrison Brinton and Constantine Samuel Rafinesque, The Lenape and Their Legends: With the Complete Text and Symbols of the Walam Olum, a New Translation, and an Inquiry into its Authenticity(Philadelphia:D.G.Brinton,1885).3www.1000peacewomen.org4 For fuller accounts of these stories see Elaine Enns and Ched Myers, Ambassadors of Reconciliation, Vol. II: Diverse Christian Practices of Restorative Justice and Peacemaking (Maryknoll,NY:OrbisBooks,2009),chapters4,5,and6.5PeterR.Gathje,A Work of Hospitality: The Open Door Reader, 1982-2002(Atlanta:OpenDoorPublications,2002),250.6SeeRachelKing,Don’t Kill in Our Names: Families of Murder Victims Speak Out Against the Death Penalty(Piscataway,NJ:RutgersUniversityPress,2003).7ThomasMerton,Raids on the Unspeakable(NewYork:NewDirectionsPublishing,1966),5.8 On this seeVirgil Elizondo, Guadalupe: Mother of the New Creation (Maryknoll, NY:OrbisBooks,1997).9SeeDavidPortorti,ed.,September 11th Families for Peaceful Tomorrows: Turning Our Grief into Action for Peace(NewYork:ADVBooks/AkashicBooks,2003).10Seewww.jonahhouse.org.11 See Arthur Laffin, ed., Swords into Plowshares: A Chronology of Plowshares Disarmament Actions, 1980-2003.Rev.ed.(NewYork:RoseHillBooks,2003).Editor’s note:Plowsharesdisarmamentactions,whethersymbolicoractual,originatedwiththe“PlowsharesEight,”whotookactionataGeneralElectricplantinPennsylvaniain1980.Thesetypesofactions,theirunderlyingrationale,andtheassociatedmovementalldifferdistinctlyfromthemissionandactivitiesofthesimilarlynamedorganizationProjectPloughshares.ProjectPloughsharesisanecumenicalagencyoftheCanadianCouncilofChurches,andwasestablishedin1976toimplementthechurches’calltobepeacemakersandtoworkforaworldinwhichjusticewill flourish and peace abound. The agency’s mandate is to work with churches and related organizations,governments,andnon-governmentalorganizationsinCanadaandabroadtoidentify,develop,andadvanceapproachesthatbuildpeaceandpreventwar,andtopromotethe peaceful resolution of political conflict. See www.ploughshares.ca.12 For fuller profiles, see Enns and Myers, Ambassadors of Reconciliation, Vol. II.13ForthecompletetextofHowe’scall,seewww.peace.ca/mothersdayproclamation.htm.

For three decades, Ched Myers has worked with various peace and justice organizations and movements. Today, with Bartimaeus Cooperative Ministries, located in Oak View, California, he focuses on biblical literacy, church renewal, and faith-based witness for justice. Elaine Enns has worked in restorative justice and conflict transformation since 1989 as a mediator, consultant, educator, and trainer serving individuals, churches, schools,

The Conrad Grebel Review44

and businesses. She is also part of Bartimaeus Ministries, an ecumenical experiment in discipleship and mutual aid. Myers and Enns lead seminars and retreats, preach, and facilitate gatherings throughout North America and abroad. They are the authors of AmbassadorsofReconciliation(Vol.I: New Testament Reflections on Restorative Justice and Peacemaking; Vol. II: Diverse Christian Practices of Restorative Justice and Peacemaking), published by Orbis Books in 2009.

THE BECHTEL LECTURES

The Bechtel Lectures in Anabaptist-Mennonite Studies were established at Conrad Grebel University College in 2000, through the generosity of Lester Bechtel, a devoted churchman actively interested in Mennonite history. Lester Bechtel’s dream was to make the academic world of research and study accessible to a border constituency, and to build bridges of understanding between the school and the church. The lectures, held annually and open to the public, offer noted scholars and church leaders the opportunity to explore and discuss topics representing the breadth and depth of Mennonite history and identity. Previous lecturers

in the series were Terry Martin, Stanley Hauerwas, Rudy Wiebe, Nancy Heisey, Fernando Enns, James Urry, Sandra Birdsell, and Alfred Neufeld.