2008.0617.Bio-Based Energy in Georgia Harding

8/14/2019 2008.0617.Bio-Based Energy in Georgia Harding

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Water and Renewable Fuels

Ross HardingAlbany Water Summit XIV Tuesday 17th

June 2008

Copyright 2007 Herty Advanced Materials Development Center


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Outline

Renewable Flues an overview

Renewable Fuel Drivers

Growth of Biomass Energy and potential Water Consumption Impacts

Issues and Opportunities


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Founded in 1938 to honor CharlesHerty, father of the Southern pulp andpaper industry

Charter broadened in 2005 to

cover all Materials Manufacturing

Industries

Georgia State Agency. Confidentiality assured.

Independent

Non-profit organization

Commercialization CenterStaff: 40 people in Lab and Pilot Plant

HERTY accelerates a good idea to a great commercial success

HERTY - reduces the risk of product innovation


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Renewable Fuels Overview


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Renewable Fuels 101

A (Ross) definition fuels made from natural sources which can regenerate in less than alife time. For example:

Solar, Wind, Wave, Hydro, BiomassBiomass (another Ross) definition any organic material that once was green.trees,grasses, sugar cane, corn.

Biomass Uses as fuel

Combustion for heat and electricity production Gasification for syn gas production

Burn the gas as a fossil fuel replacement

Convert the gas into liquid transportation fuels

Fermentation

Break the biomass down into sugar and ferment the sugar into liquidfuels


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No Single Solution

There is plenty of renewable energy sources. Our challenge is toconvert to so that it can be in the right place, in the right form at theright time and at the right price.

Oil has been a ubiquitous solution to our energy and manufacturingneeds

Renewable Energy will come from many sources

Each geographic location, based on its natural resources, has aprimary potential renewable energy source and a number of

secondary sources.


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Wind

http://nationalatlas.gov/articles/people/a_energy.html#two


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Geothermal



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Corn Ethanol

http://www.card.iastate.edu/research/bio/tools/ethanol.aspx


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Total PotentialBiomass


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Forest Biomass


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Georgia has a strong position inforest based biomass

Georgia not only has large areas of forest land but over 24 millionacres (2/3 of total Georgia land area) are privately owned, forestedand accessible for logging

7-10 million acres are cultivated as plantationsThe largest regional impact will be from Biomass based cellulosicethanol, electricity, heat and power production


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DriversEconomic

EnvironmentalNational Security

&Quality of Life


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Some Useful Comparisons and Trigger Points

Biomass At $75/barrel oil $10/Million BTU Natural Gas and $0.06kwh

economics of Forest based Biomass at $35 per dry ton as a feedstock start to make sense.

It takes VAST amounts of biomass and VAST acreage to replaceeven small quantities of fossil fuels consumed

Good plantations can produce 10 Green Tons/Acer/Year

Ethanol yields of 50 gallons per green ton are possible

Electricity can be produced at 10,000 tons biomass per MW


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Get Specific What is the impact on the US?A growing imbalance

Energy use and quality

of life are inexorablylinked

Cheap Oil made theUS competitive butinefficient we need to

get efficient to competein an energy starvedworld.

As 3rd world countriesadvance

energyconsumptionwill boom

Per Capita1.7kW/Person
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/7/70/Gdp-energy-efficiency.jpghttp://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/0/0b/Energy_consumption_versus_GDP.png


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The message is - The US runs out first!

Proven Oil Reserve life

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160

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Years

We need short term efficiencyAND

We need long term self sufficiency
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:US_Oil_Production_and_Imports_1920_to_2005.png


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The Federal Government understands the impact - The Energy Independence

and Security Act 2007 targets 16 Billion Gallons of Ethanol from Cellulose by2022

Georgia canproduce 1.6 BillionGallons from wasteand surplus forestmaterials alone.We need to target10% minimum as

our share.



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The FARM BILL 2008 further supports the rapid development of renewable fuels

Energy:

PROMOTES BIOMASS CROP PRODUCTION, HARVESTING, PROCESSING:The bill creates and fully funds a program to encourage farmers to establish andgrow biomass crops in areas around biomass facilities such as biorefineries. It also provides matching payments to producers for harvest, transport and storage of

biomass delivered to such a facility.

PROVIDES BIOMASS LOAN GUARANTEES: The bill provides $320 million in mandatory funding for loan guarantees for commercial scale biorefineries for

advanced biofuels. The maximum guaranteed loan amount is $250 million and 80 percent of total project costs, with up to 90 percent of that guaranteed.

SUPPORTS RURAL RENEWABLE ENERGY AND ENERGY EFFICIENCY:The energy title provides $250 million in mandatory funding to provide grants and loan

guarantees for renewable energy and energy efficiency systems for farmers, ranchers and rural small businesses. This program leverages on average ten times the

federal funding it receives. The mandatory funding in the bill will more than double the amount previously spent on these projects.

ASSISTS CONVERSTION TO BIOMASS ENERGY: The bill provides $35 million in mandatory funding for grants to support repowering of existing biorefineries with

biomass energy systems.

ENCOURAGES PRODUCTION OF ADVANCED BIOFUELS:Included in the energy title is $300 million in mandatory funding for payments to support theproduction of advanced biofuels, including biodiesel and cellulosic biofuels.

EXPANDS BIOMASS RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT: The Biomass Research and Development program is the premier biomass energy research program; it

is administered jointly with the Department of Energy. The bill continues this program and provides $118 million in mandatory funding, which more than doubles

current funding.

CONTINUES BIODIESEL FUEL EDUCATION INITIATIVE: Competitive grants to educate the public about effective biodiesel use and the benefits of biodiesel are

continued with funding of $1 million per year.

STRENGTHENS THE FEDERAL PROCUREMENT AND LABELING PROGRAM FOR BIOBASED PRODUCTS: The energy title amends the current biobased

products federal purchase preference and labeling programs to include intermediate ingredients and feedstocks and provide for automatic designation for items

composed of high levels of these feedstocks. Also sets a deadline for implementation of the biobased product labeling program and increases funding for this

program to $2 million per year. Decreases production tax credit on corn ethanol from $0.51 to $0.45 and increases provides $1.01 for cellulosic ethanol


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When Will it happen in Georgia

It is happening already

Davis Oil Fermenting millions of gallons of waste soda and juice into

6 Million Gallons of Ethanol In Perry and selling it as E85 intheir gas stations

FRAM Renewable Fuels Converting saw dust into 300,000 tons/year wood pellets

for co firing to replace coal

Range Fuels Broken ground on Phase 1 of 100 Million gallons per

year (3000/ton/day pine) Gasification to ethanol plant inSoperton

Yellow Pine 50MW wood fired power plant Fort Gaines

Weyerhaeuser 1000 ton/day waste fuel boilers Port Wentworth


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The Impact on WaterConsumption of Biomass

Based Fuels


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Disclaimer each and every process is different and unique, each track of land hasdifferent production rates, different harvest needs..I hate when people

approximate, generalize and then draw conclusion around renewable fuelsthat

being said let me approximate, generalize and draw conclusions..


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Targets for Georgia by 2020 GEFA estimates in the Meeting Future

Electricity Demand briefing paper to theGovernors Energy Policy Council that

approximately 1000 MW ofelectricity/heat/powerwill be required fromrenewable biomass

Meeting a target of 20% of gasoline demand will

require 1.6 Billion Gallons of cellulosicethanol


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A new regional model think in circles

Availability of Sustainable Biomass and Transport Costs are driving the solution to a smaller

regional model inside a 25-50 mile collection and distribution circle

Locally Grown Locally Converted Locally Consumed

Transportation of Biomass One of the largest costs of biomass is transportation Current costs $0.14 per ton per mile min 50 miles

50% of trees are water but in a form that is costly to deal with and most often a negative costConsumption of Biomass

10,000 tons per MW 50 gallons of ethanol per green ton

A 50 Million gallon ethanol plant or 100 MW power facility will consume 1 Million green tons ofbiomass annually

Availability of Biomass At forest production rates of 7 tons/acre/year and a 16 year rotation you need 150,000 acres

year to sustain production of 1 Million tons per year Assumes no irrigation A 25 mile radius circle contains approx 1.3 Million acres


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Total and net water consumption estimates vary on technology:

Electricity production from combustion and steam same asfor coal based generation

0.5 gallons per kWh end consumption

13 Million Gallons per MW per year

Gasification will use a fraction of this amount Cellulosic Ethanol

2 gallons per gallons produced by thermal path

6 gallons per gallons produced by fermentation path

FYI

Oil Refining to produce gasoline uses 2.5 gallons of water per gallonof gasoline

Corn ethanol 3-4 gallons water per gallon ethanol produced


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Illustration only:

Georgia at 10% USproduction

35 cellulose ethanolplants producing 50Million gallons with $100Million capital investmenteach at 25 mile radius

1.6 Billion Gallons5 Million acres

50 Million Tons Biomass

Replace 20% of Georgias

gasoline needs by 2022

Bio based fuels could change the face of rural US


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Georgia Economic Value Added by Accellerated Commercilization

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

4500

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

Year

Millions$EconomicImp

act

Economic Impact Value Added by Investment in

Georgia Biofuels Commercialization Center and

associated marketing, distribution and incentiveprograms

Economic Impact W ith Biofuel Commercialization

Center and package of marketing, communication

and incentives

Economic Impact Without Biofuel

Commercialization Center and package of

marketing, communication and incentives

10%Renewable

20%

Renewable

Georgia can accelerate the speed, scale and value of a new set ofbio fuels industries by investments designed to accelerate theimplementation of decisions to build new plants and operate them atpeak production


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Herty and Renewable Fuels

Feedstock Optimization cost effective,abundant and reliable fuel. Each energyconversion process requires different andunique feedstock for optimum cost effectiveenergy production

Supply Chain Optimization

Process IntegrationCommercialization and Scale Up - Herty is anindustry trusted independent third partycommercialization center.Herty provides a hub location to develop at pilotscale, the processes and equipment required to

develop this new and growing industry.


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Associations GA Forestry Assoc. P2E

GA Conservancy Peanut Growers Assoc.

Partners and Customers

Universities and Agencies Georgia Institute of Technology University of Georgia GEFA and Dept Eco Dev


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Documents

2008.0617.Bio-Based Energy in Georgia Harding