Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
2008 APWA International Public Works Congress &
ExpositionNew Orleans Convention Center
New Orleans, LA
Tuesday, August 19, 2008
Safety Training for Urban Forestry - Fostering a "Culture of Safety"
Kevin Lilley, Certified ArboristCity of Durham
Safety Training for Urban ForestryFostering a "Culture of Safety"
o Why create a “Culture of Safety”?
o “I already know it. There’s little you can show me I haven’t seen.”
o “Why me? I have twenty years of experience and have never had a serious accident.”
o “It won’t happen to me.”o “Been there, done that.”
Safety Training for Urban ForestryFostering a "Culture of Safety"
Electrocuted tree trimmer identified
A tree trimmer electrocuted Thursday afternoon inPoquoson has been identified as 49-year-old Edward Dix.
Witnesses told police that Dix was taking down a tree at 193 Cedar Road Thursday afternoon when one of
the branches became entangled in a power line. When he tried to free the branch, Dix apparently
came into contact with the power line and was electrocuted.
By dailypress.com
Toms River man dies in stump-grinder accident
A 49-year-old Toms River man was killed this afternoon when his shirt got caught in a stump grinder and
dragged him under the grinding wheel, according to police in the Ocean County township. Frank Sanders, Jr. was doing some yard work at his father's house on
Bellwood Drive around 4 p.m. when he moved too close to the machine operated by Remarkable Tree
Service of Toms River, police said.
By Carly Rothman, Sunday September 09, 2007, 9:15 PM
Tree worker dies after being struck bylimb in Yorktown
A tree worker died today after he was struck by a limb while cutting down a tree at a Wildwood Street
residence, police said. Pablo Tenempaquay, 29, of Mahopac, was pronounced dead at the Hudson Valley
Hospital Center after being taken there after the 10 a.m. accident, police said.
By The Journal News, February 20, 2008
Inglewood worker is pulled into wood chipper, dies
An Inglewood city employee who was part of a tree-trimming crew was killed after being pulled into a wood chipper, authorities said today. The 46-year-
old worker, who was not immediately identified because his family hadn't been notified, somehow got caught and was dragged into the machine, authorities said. The employee with the city's Park, Recreation and Community Services Department, had worked
for the city for eight years.
By Andrew Blankstein, Los Angeles Times, April 9, 2008
Safety Training for Urban ForestryFostering a "Culture of Safety"
o Why create a “Culture of Safety”?
o “I already know it. There’s little you can show me I haven’t seen.”
o “Why me? I have twenty years of experience and have never had a serious accident.”
o “It won’t happen to me.”o “Been there, done that.”o "Nothing like this has ever happened in
the city, obviously, it's a terrible tragedy”.
Safety Training for Urban ForestryFostering a "Culture of Safety"
o What is Risk?
o Risk, a measurement of the potential to deviate from an expected outcome, or the combination of the probability of an event and its consequences (Methaney, 2005).
o The probability of an accident occurring and its consequences (Bridge, 2005).
Safety Training for Urban ForestryFostering a "Culture of Safety"
o Assess where your Urban Forestry program is today, and if it needs to change.
o Identify the training necessary to properly equip employees with the tools necessary to care for and maintain trees along city rights-of-way and within city parks.
o Apply best practices for the recruitment, hiring and retaining of employees able to work safely, productively and efficiently in the care and maintenance of our municipal trees.
Safety Training for Urban ForestryFostering a "Culture of Safety"
o Assess where your Urban Forestry program is today, and if it needs to change.
Safety Training for Urban ForestryFostering a "Culture of Safety"
o Tree worker’s chances of dying on the job is 22 times the national average at 92.4 deaths per 100,000 workers. (Hepker, 2006)
o A conservative estimate of the cost of a fatal accident involving a tree worker is $3.5 million in damages, legal fees, and lost productivity. (Duntemann, 2006)
o Over the decade spanning 1991 and 2000 there were 587 reported on the job deaths; between 2001 and 2002 the number was 176. At this rate 1,000 deaths have been predicted in the arboricultural field by 2010. (Ball, 2003)
o Transportation related – 28%o Falls – 27%o Struck-bys – 23%o Electrocution – 17%
Safety Training for Urban ForestryFostering a "Culture of Safety"
o Evaluate specific challenges within green industry companies, including:
o Work flow,o Management systems,o Job procedures,o Employee skills,o And/or an analysis of an event or
accident that has caused a heightened need for safety awareness.
o Company systems, behaviors and skills to accurately and objectively report on:
o Present productivity and safety commitment, practices, and resulting measures.
o Discerning the desired levels of productivity and safety of the firm/organization.
o Experience/education level of staff.o New and beginning climberso Tree workers who have some experience
but little formal training in climbing or in safety
Safety Training for Urban ForestryFostering a "Culture of Safety"
o ANSI Z-133
o Accredited Standards Committee Z133 was organized on April 4, 1968, in response to the efforts by Mrs. Ethel M. Hugg of Johnstown, NY.
o Mrs. Hugg's son had died while trimming trees, and this tragic incident caused her to write to federal and state authorities, and to various safety organizations, in an attempt to have measures initiated that would make tree trimming safer.
Safety Training for Urban ForestryFostering a "Culture of Safety"
o ANSI Z-133
o Five subcommittees were formed to develop specific portions of the original standard. Each subcommittee prepared and edited material in its area of concern; the material was then combined and submitted to the full committee for review.
o The revised draft was unanimously adopted by the committee on July 14, 1971, and was approved as an American National Standard on December 20, 1972.
Safety Training for Urban ForestryFostering a "Culture of Safety"
o ANSI Z-133
o The Z133 Committee continues to monitor tree-trimming safety performance, providing interpretation and clarification of the intent of the requirements.
o Portions of the safety standard were adopted by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration under the "Telecommunications" Safety and Health Standard 29 CFR Part 1910 -Federal Register, Volume 38, No. 166, August 28, 1973.
Safety Training for Urban ForestryFostering a "Culture of Safety"
o ANSI Z-133 Annex A
(Informative) Glossary of Terms
o arborist (1.2): An individual engaged in the profession of arboriculture.
o qualified arborist (3.1.3): An individual who, by possession of a recognized degree, certification, or professional standing, or through related training and on-the-job experience, is familiar with the equipment and hazards involved in arboricultural operations and who has demonstrated ability in the performance of the special techniques involved.
o qualified arborist trainee (8.4.12): An individual undergoing on-the-job training under the direct supervision of a qualified arborist. In the course of such training, the trainee becomes familiar with the hazards and equipment involved in arboricultural operations and who has demonstrated ability in the performance of the special techniques involved.
Safety Training for Urban ForestryFostering a "Culture of Safety"
o ANSI Z-133 Annex A
(Informative) Glossary of Terms
o shall (1.4): As used in this standard, denotes a mandatory requirement.
o should (3.1.3): As used in this standard, denotes an advisory recommendation.
Safety Training for Urban ForestryFostering a "Culture of Safety"
o ANSI Z-133 Annex B
(Informative) Recommended Guidelines for Standard Performance and Safety
Training
o B.3.2 Emergency Response Procedureso Furnish employees with appropriate
information and training necessary to expedite a response to a worksite emergency, such as first aid, CPR, and aerial rescue.
o B3.3 Prevention of Back and Other Injuries
o Provide education and training in the techniques required to avoid back and other injuries applicable to job assignments.
o B.3.4 Identification and Avoidance of Animals and Poison Plants
o Provide education and training in the identification of and the need to avoid contact with poison plants and instructions for treating insect stings/bites and snake bites.
Safety Training for Urban ForestryFostering a "Culture of Safety"
o ANSI Z-133 Annex B
o (Informative) Recommended Guidelines for Standard Performance and Safety
Training
o B.4.1 Mobile Equipment and Aerial Liftso Provide education and training in the
inspection, operation, and maintenance of all vehicles and equipment, such as aerial lifts, brush chippers, stump grinders, log loaders, tree cranes, mowing equipment, and pesticide application equipment. Such training shall be applicable to employee job assignments.
o B.4.2 Aerial Equipment and Electrical Hazards
o Provide education and training so that affected employees understand the required and recommended procedures for operating aerial devices in proximity to electrical hazards. Such training shall be applicable to employee job assignments.
Safety Training for Urban ForestryFostering a "Culture of Safety"
o ANSI Z-133 Annex B
(Informative) Recommended Guidelines for Standard Performance and Safety
Training
o B.4.4 Chain Saw, Power Tool, and Hand Tool Use and Safety
o Provide education and training in the safe use of chain saws, power tools, and hand tools in accordance with manufacturers’ instructions. Such training shall be applicable to employee job assignments.
o B.4.4 Climbing Equipment Use and Safety
o Provide education and training in the inspection, maintenance, and storage of climbing equipment such as ropes, saddles, personal lanyards, rope snaps, carabiners, and related equipment. Such training shall be applicable to employee job assignments.
o B.5.1 Climbing Techniqueso Provide education and training in
climbing techniques as appropriate to employee job assignments.
Safety Training for Urban ForestryFostering a "Culture of Safety"
o ANSI Z-133 Annex B
(Informative) Recommended Guidelines for Standard Performance and Safety
Training
o B.5.2 Rigging and Tree Removalo B.5.2.1 Provide education and training
appropriate to employee job assignments, such as knots and ropes, rigging techniques, tree strength and weight characteristics, and potential electrical hazards.
o B.5.2.2 Provide education and training in the identification and removal of hazard trees. Such training shall be applicable to employee job assignments.
o B.5.3 Hazard Communicationso Provide education and training necessary
to comply with federal and state regulations appropriate to employee job assignments.
o B.5.4 Pesticide Useo Provide education and training necessary
to comply with federal and state regulations appropriate to employee job assignments.
Safety Training for Urban ForestryFostering a "Culture of Safety"
o OSHA 1910
o On December 29, 1970, President Richard M. Nixon signed The Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970, also known as the Williams-Steiger Act in honor of Senator Harrison A. Williams Jr. and Representative William A. Steiger, the two men who pressed for its passage.
o The Act established three permanent agencies:
o the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)
o the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
o the Occupational Safety and Health Review Commission (OSHRC)
Safety Training for Urban ForestryFostering a "Culture of Safety"
o OSHA 1910
o The OSH Act charged OSHA with assuring safe and healthful conditions for workers. When the agency opened for business in April 1971, OSHA covered 56 million workers at 3.5 million workplaces. Today, it covers 105 million private-sector workers and employers at 6.9 million sites.
o Education and outreach have played important roles in dealing with virtually every safety or health issue.
o There are two basic types of OSHA standards:
o Vertical standards affect just one industry or a small group of closely related industries.
o Horizontal standards, also known as general industry standards, affect a broad swath of industries.
Safety Training for Urban ForestryFostering a "Culture of Safety"
o OSHA 1910
o Many standards published during the 1990s relied on a performance-oriented approach - setting specific goals for worker safety and health - but providing flexibility in how those goals were to be met.
o In 1994-95, OSHA promulgated two electrical safety-related work practices standards, one for general industry and one for the utility line clearance tree trimming industry.
o In 1990, Congress increased maximum penalties for OSHA violations from $1,000 to $7,000 for serious violations and from $10,000 to $70,000 for willful and repeat violations.
o Between October 2004 and September 2005, Federal OSHA conducted 81 inspections of tree care establishments, issued 186 citations and proposed over $220,000 in penalties.
Safety Training for Urban ForestryFostering a "Culture of Safety"
o The following are the standards that were most frequently cited by Federal OSHA for tree service businesses (SIC 0783) during the fiscal year from October ’04 through September ’05.
o In all, Federal OSHA conducted 81 inspections of tree care establishments, issued 186 citations and proposed over $220,000 in penalties for that period.
o These statistics do not include data from the 22 States that administer their own approved OSHA State plan.
Safety Training for Urban ForestryFostering a "Culture of Safety"
o 1910.67 - Vehicle-Mounted Elevating/Rotating Work Platforms
o This standard covers aerial lift operation, inspection and maintenance. It’s one of the oldest OSHA standards on the books, incorporating ANSI A92 by reference. The most frequent violation results from the operator failing to wear fall protection in the bucket.
o 1910.132 - Personal Protective Equipment, General Requirements
o This section says that is the employer’s responsibility to assess the hazards of the workplace, complete a written certification of the assessment, and provide appropriate PPE as well as training in its use and care to employees. The written certification of hazard assessment trips up many employers.
Safety Training for Urban ForestryFostering a "Culture of Safety"
o 1910.269 - Electric Power Generation/Transmission/Distribution
o The Vertical Standard is a comprehensive document addressing line clearance tree trimming operations. A common citation leading to accidents is violation of minimum separation distances.
o 5(A)(1) - General Duty Clause
o The number refers to a section of OSH Act that admonishes the employer to maintain a workplace free of recognized hazards. OSHA typically invokes the General Duty Clause when they cannot find an OSHA standard that applies to an unsafe condition. Frequently this is where the ANSI Z133 Standard - which describes many situations that OSHA standards do not - can be referenced by OSHA.
Safety Training for Urban ForestryFostering a "Culture of Safety"
o 1910.135 - Occupational Head Protection
o This citation stems from the employee who fails to wear his hardhat and gets caught. The burden falls to the employer unless he/she can demonstrate: 1) there is a policy for hardhat use, 2) there is training to teach the policy, and 3) there is enforcement to back up the policy. This applies generally to PPE.
o 1910.133 - Eye & Face Protection
o The likely cause for such a citation is an employee who failed to use, or wasn’t provided with, protective eyewear. See also 1910.135 above.
Safety Training for Urban ForestryFostering a "Culture of Safety"
o 1910.266 – Logging Standard
o In fiscal ’05 there were four inspections, resulting in nine citations that were enforced by OSHA’s use of the Logging Standard. Enacted in 1996 without the tree care industry’s knowledge and input, the Logging Standard contains several requirements that conflict with accepted safe work practices for arboriculture.
o 1910.1200 – Hazard Communications
o The purpose of this rule, as it is applied to the typical tree care company, is to ensure that the hazards of all chemicals used in the workplace are evaluated and that information concerning their hazards is transmitted to employers and employees through a hazard communication program. Gasoline and pesticides used in arborist operations frequently trigger the need to comply with this regulation.
Safety Training for Urban ForestryFostering a "Culture of Safety"
o 1910.157 - Portable Fire Extinguishers
o The employer must provide appropriate fire extinguishers for the shop, the office and work vehicles. This standard specifies the type and size of extinguishers needed, and requires employees to be trained in their use as part of a fire prevention plan.
o 1926.453 - Manually Propelled Mobile Ladder Stands and Scaffolds
o Like 1910.67, this standard is intended to apply to aerial lift operation; however, unlike 1910.67 this standard is intended to apply to construction trades (note the 1926 designation) and it disallows the use of a conventional body belt and lanyard for fall protection.
Safety Training for Urban ForestryFostering a "Culture of Safety"
o Identify the training necessary to properly equip employees with the tools necessary to care for and maintain trees along city rights-of-way and within city parks.
Safety Training for Urban ForestryFostering a "Culture of Safety"
o Training
o Certification Training for OSHA Compliance:
o Line Clearance Arborist o Electrical Hazard Training
o Work Zone Safety:o MUTCD
o Tree Worker:o Safe and new climbing techniques o Ropes and knots o Pruning for the trade standards o Tree removal techniques and rigging o Aerial rescue o Working in proximity to electrical
hazards o Chain saw usage, maintenance and
safety o Tree identification, structure and
function
Safety Training for Urban ForestryFostering a "Culture of Safety"
o Training
o Tailgate Trainingo Best use of available expertise inside a
departmento Self-study/Certification
o A good arborist needs to assure the prospective employer that he or she is knowledgeable and competent.
o Proof of Certification provides tangible evidence to that prospective employer that a certain level of skill and education has been achieved.
o Seminars/Workshopso What are the costs?o How much time will my employee be
away from the job?o What are the long- and short-term
benefits for the company?
Safety Training for Urban ForestryFostering a "Culture of Safety"
o Training
o How Do I Maximize the Benefits of Training?
o Assess the current knowledge level and learning style of the individual student.
o Analyze the student’s work environment.o Formulate an observable plan and
strategy for the individual student, the employer and the training center.
o Provide a clear investment plan for the employer (time and cost).
o How Do I Document the Training?
Safety Training for Urban ForestryFostering a "Culture of Safety"
o Apply best practices for the recruitment, hiring and retaining of employees able to work safely, productively and efficiently in the care and maintenance of our municipal trees.
Safety Training for Urban ForestryFostering a "Culture of Safety"
o As an employer:
o Look for employees that are members of the International Society of Arboriculture, the Tree Care Industry of America or local/regional tree care organizations.
o Look for employees that are Certified Arborists.
o Maintain stringent hiring and retaining processes.
o Random drug testingo Zero tolerance
o Substance abuseo Workplace violence
o As an employee:
o Look for employers that are members of ISA or TCIA.
o Look for employers that specify Certified Arborists in their job postings.
Safety Training for Urban ForestryFostering a "Culture of Safety"
o Ask potential employers to clearly define a career path for you.
o Ask who in the company is responsible for your training.
o Is the training in-house?o Is the training contracted?
o Ask to see a copy of their training program and how they document their employee training and job progression program.
o Ask who in the company is responsible for your career advancement.
o Ask potential employees to clearly define their commitment to safety.
o What training have you received?o Ask to see copies of their training
certificates.o Ask how they documented their training
if the company didn’t.
Safety Training for Urban ForestryFostering a "Culture of Safety"
o Take-home Messages
o The hazards of the tree care industry can be great, and in many cases, they may result in death.
o Contact with overhead power lines, struck-by fallen tree sections, and faulty and/or defective equipment increase the dangers associated with tree care/removal.
o To minimize the potential for accidents resulting in injury or death look for gaps between your safety policies/procedures, the ANSI Z133.1-2006 and the OSHA Standard.
Safety Training for Urban ForestryFostering a "Culture of Safety"
o Resources and References
o International Society of Arboricultureo www.isa-arbor.com
o Society of American Foresterso www.safnet.org
o Tree Care Industryo www.tcia.org
o National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health/Fatality Assessment and Control Evaluation Program
o www.cdc.gov/niosh/face
o Occupational Safety and Health Administration Safety and Health Topics for Tree Care
o www.osha.gov/SLTC/treecare
Safety Training for Urban ForestryFostering a "Culture of Safety"
o Kevin Lilley, Certified Arborist
o Member, International Society of Arboriculture
o Director, North Carolina Vegetation Management Association
o Committee Member, Florida Chapter ISA, Education Committee
o Committee Member, Florida Chapter ISA, Long Range Planning and Goals Committee
o Head Judge, Southern and Florida Chapters, International Tree Climbing Championship
o Competitor, Florida Chapter, International Tree Climbing Championship
o Guest Lecturer, Duke University, “Ecosystem Services”
o Guest Lecturer, Pinellas Technical College, “Climbing and Tree Worker Safety”
o Instructor, International Society of Arboriculture Climbing Programs
o Instructor, Disney’s “Arborist Training” and “Chainsaw Safety” program
o Co-Author, Disney Horticulture’s “Best Practices for Trees”
