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FIG. 380—THE WEST BANK OF THE MIAMI AT HAMILTON, LOOKING UPSTREAM FROM THEMAIN-HIGH BRIDGE, MARCH 1, 1918.
The three-story building and the old stone foundation shown in the left of the picture were in the way of the pro-
posed levee, and obstructed the waterway of the Main-High bridge. The river bank above the foundation contained
piling, old foundations, trash, projecting sewers, and was covered with a heavy growth of willows. The portion of
the city to the west was subject to overflow from high river stages as there was no levee at this point. The river
bank was unsightly, and was insanitary as well.
If-ri^
.^vi^i
-" „_rf!<S?'~
^<SBi»
FIG. 381—THE WEST BANK OF THE MIAMI AT HAMILTON, LOOKING UPSTREAM FROM THEMAIN-HIGH BRIDGE, TAKEN SEPTEMBER 23, 1922.
This view sliows the s.ime territory as Fig. 380. Tlie three-story building and the old foundation have been re-
moved and tlie river widened somewhat. The river channel lias also been deepened and cleared of bars along the
shore. Tlie pding, old foundations, trash and other obstructions have been taken out. A substantial earthen levee
has been built to protect the west side of Hamilton. The wide white band along the base of the levee is the concrete
revetment. At the foot of the revetment is a flexible mat made up of concrete blocks, woven together by galvanized
cables. The portion of the levee above the revetment has been sown to grass, and good growth has resulted. Thewall shown in the lower left hand corner is the beginning of the transition from the river section to the bridge open-
ing. The clean banks and grassy slopes of the new levees have been a great civic improvement for Hamilton.
BOARD OF DIRECTORSEdward A. Deeds. PresidentHenry M. AllenGordon S. RentschlerEzra M. Kuhns, Secretary THE
Chas. H. Paul. Chief EngineerC. H. Locher. Construction ManagerOren Britt Brown. Attorney
MIAMI CONSERVANCY BULLETINPUBLISHED BY THE MIAMI CONSERVANCY DISTRICT
DAYTON, OHIO
Volume 4 December, 1922 Number 4
Index
Editorials 51
The Finishing Touches.
Salvage and Sales.
A Maintenance Engineer Appointed.
Local Improvement in Dayton Finished 52
Everything Ready to Handle Safely a
Forty Percent Greater Flood
Than That of 1913.
Adams Street Bridge at Troy Completed 56
The Success of the Novel Undertaking
Can Now lie Recorded.
The Bulletin is 5 cents per copy. Business
Miami Conservancy District, Dayton, Ohio.
Progress on the Work from June 27, 1922,
to December 5, 1922 _ 59Maintenance Organization 61An .Additional Volume of the Technical Re-
ports Now Ready 61
The Concrete Overflow Dam at Hamilton 62Piarrier to Prevent Gravel Drifting Downinto the Improved Channel. ConstructedAbove Old River.
Unusual Storm Occurs in September 64Conservancy Men Widely Scattered _ .64
Mr. Chas H. Paul to Receive the NormanMedal __.__ 64
letters should be sent to the Office Engineer, The
The Finishing Touches.
The five dams of the flood prevention works werevirtually completed last winter, and the condition
of the work in the cities was such that the valley
was safe against a repetition of the 1913 flood.
Another season's work was necessary before the
cities were fully prepared for the forty percent
greater flood than 1913, for which the works weredesigned. Today the system, save for a few finish-
ing touches, is comjjleted. The finishing touches
take time, but by spring they, too, will be finished,
and the Miami Conservancy will be on a mainte-
nance Ijasis.
Salvage and Sales.
Since the last Bulletin was published, nearly all
of the units of the Conservancy work still under wayat that time have been completed, and the equip-
ment and left-over materials and supplies havebecoine available for sale. The Conservancy shopshave been busy overhauling the equipment and put-
ting it in condition to Ije placed on the market. Ex-cellent progress has been made in the actual selling.
Total sales passed the $800,000 mark early in De-cember. This progress has been made in the face
of the usual fall in activity in the construction field.
The Conservancy District purchased good ma-chinery. The size of the job made it economical to
maintain a first class repair shop manned by a crewof expert repairmen. The equipment received a
repair and overhauling service that was unusuallythorough. Parts that failed under the stress of ser-
vice were reinforced when replaced. As a result the
equipment ottered for sale is sturdy, is in excellentoperating condition, and is none the vi'orse for thehard service given it while building the Flood Pre-vention Works.
For the same reason that the District could main-tain repair shops, it was able to secure the services
of competent men to plan ecjuipment layouts. TheDistrict is giving to prospective buyers an advisoryservice in planning their plants. Customers arebeing encouraged to avail themselves of this service,
and to look over the District's stock before reachinga final decision on what they wish to buy.
A Maintenance Engineer Appointed
Mr. C. H, Eift'ert was appointed MaintenanceEngineer of The Miami Conservancy District onDecember 1, 1922. He has been with the District
for seven years. For the past five years he hasbeen Division Engineer in charge of the river im-
provement work at Hamilton. Before that he wasengaged on the preparation of plans and specifica-
tions for various features of the project. He is a
graduate of Cornell College, Iowa, and a memberof the .American Society of Civil Engineers.
The creation of the office of Maintenance En-gineer marks a definite step in the change of the
Conservanc}^ organization from a construction to
;i maintenance basis. The flood control works are
now practically completed, and have been ready to
handle floods for the last year or more. The upkeepand maintenance of the various features of the proj-
ect are of principal importance from now on, andthe Maintenance Engineer will be directly responsi-
ble to the Chief Engineer's office for that feature of
the District's operations.
-r^Z Til !•: M I \M I ( ( >\s1-:K\ \\( \ T, T 1 .1 .l-'.T I X
Local Improvement in Dayton Finished.
Everything Rcadv to Handle Safely a Forty Percent Greater Flood Than That ot 1*)1 5.
Mil Sr|itciiil ici- JKl. tile I w c i 1)1^ ilrai;! inc-^, niic i;;mirilli\ fcni' ixium- 1 .ai> .'mil i-l;iinl- .-111(1 1 1\ ilf.Mcn
uorkiiii;- ill i\\ iiv( rt'aiii. the ullicr winkint;- u|i--ti-cani. iii^-. whIihmil; "I' >tvalL;lilrinii;^" the chaiiiicl. At
tiii.-t "II till- Irl'l liaiik (if tlic Miami liclwcrii Slcwarl l)a\l"ii. li' iw cn cr, tlic miiiir-.iii- odUTctc 1 .rdLji'^,
Street and Miller'-- l''( dd. and la ,ni] deled lliee\ca\a- and the \ahialde |ir.i|(erl_\ adjaeeiU to the r,\-er,
tidii ((11 llie l)a\t(in |)i\i~~i('n. Wlide iheii^nal rli'aii- |ilaee(| a \'ei \- delniite Innil Ic (lianiud enlarL;ciiient .
iii:^' np ( (peralK (11- ri'inani |(' lie (I'die. tlie tlixnl jir(i-
teetKni \\(irk- tlieni-(d\e- a e la ini| del e(l.
In fiilnre \(_'ai"s. wlieil the liea\ \ spi iii;^ ranis come,
and the -irfams (>\ the \alle\" u;.\e ihe.r .annn.al j.er-
fornianee. the .Miami ihiadi^h I'.aytKii w dl ind lU'l
a- It lia> 111 the pa-t. In-te.ad (d' the .aiii;-, y. tliml'l.ii.<4
waters tli.al lia\e heen -. i idi.ar.aelerwtu- cf hii^h
\vatei"> ill the (dd dax-. the ruer will lil((\"e -\\ift!\'
and MiiodthU cii it- \\.a\'. ( iiil) diirm^" extrenudy
lar.i^a- thiod- will the water approaeh the top- oi the
hwees. ddie hiL.;h -ta^c- will la-t Icni^er tli.aii heloe,
as the water- held lends hy the (kim- will thiw dl
t;radiiall\' alter the ram- eea-e. A- the w.aler in the
ruer rise-. i.;ale- m the -ewer- an(l nther ( i]ieiiiiiL;"-
will he (do-ed, .-( ( tli.al w.ater will iid hack tlir(iiiL;h
the iipeniiiL;"s l<> lldod the hiwer p.art- <<\ town, .^iir-
t'ace w.ater tli.at cdleit- in lew pl:u-e- hack (d the
dhe indldem id' kee]dlli; the ll\ei (diaimel- Iree
I'ridii li.ars i- an iiiip(dlaiit (die. 1 he -and- .and l;" a\'
ids c( im]i( (-mj^- the hed d llie .Xli.ami are ci iii-ta;itl>
-hiftiiyt;"- h'.Ncii iii( ((l(.-iale li'u;h w.aler- carry with
them ;i -iir]in-iiyi; .aiiKumt (d materiah llie cause
111 har.- I'drinniL;' is a decie.a-e in the \eliicil\' (d the
stream. A wide pl.acc. a Iol;, .a cdiaiii^e from ,a steep
-liipe tc .a le-- sleep -Idpe. ,L;r((W"tll (d willcws, will
.in\ id' them cause ,a check m the \id(icit_\ (d the
w.at(d- and caii-e the w.ater Id dro]) it- hnrde'i d'
L;r.i\(d 1(1 fdriii a li.ar. < Mice -t.arted. the h.ar aL;-Ljra-
\-.ate- C( diditii dis, and mcrea-e- ihe \(diiiiie (
d'tilt
dep( isits.
dlieref((re, the purp((-e (
d' the chamiid improve111 el It 111 1 )a\ t( dl ha- heen Id prddiice ,a- l.ar,L;e a idiaii
iiid ,as Cdiild he made within the liniil- ini]id-e(l. mil
levees will he ]dini].e(l ( d't' h\' me.an- .d' electric.all \- I' dan in -i.-e. .and ( di miil'drm -r.ade-. It w.a- iiece-
driveii pumps kept readv ,at all time- t'( .r this eima'- s.ary U< ,actiiall\ iiarniw up the (dd ch.amicl m certain
t,'-encv. Davton is re.ad')- for aii\- ll.idd tli.at ma\' places t.. prexidil decrt-a-e in \eldCit>-. .and ,at (dhers
Cdiiii' al( dl"''
' '
t( I reni( i\ e Ik (Use- .and the ( lid le\ ee- m dialer |( 1 make
The more -l.ect.aciilar features Cdimected with the '"'"dii for the eiilar,L;cd (h.aiimd. A- llie iniprdV(.'
cdii-triict.dii df the dam- li,a\e caii-e(l maii\- pers.di- nuait- m iiid-t ca-e- will re-iill iii increased veloC
td ijverlddk, td sdine extent, the impdrtance of the Hii--- "I '1"^^ .it w.a- nece--ar_\ f. pr(decl the le^ce-
river imprdxement w((rks in the cities, d'hc wa.rk- m certain jdaces hx lawetiiKiil. All (d the man>
df the histricl are like a clia'ii. .and .are depeiKleiil ((peratidii- in I J.aNtdii were mcideiil Id the carryMii,'
tlpdii e.ndi (dlier fer -tren;^lli and -afet\-. The (|am- "lU (d tin- simple ]d.an,
lidid h.ick" the w.iter tli.at c.amidt he taken care ((f lis The lludd i<i I'M.i ]d-d(hice(| a maximum lldw in
the ii\cr ih.aiiiud- tlirdn,L;h ihe citie-. d'd a cerlain the Mi.anii l\i\i-r at ihe Mam Street hrid.i;e iii I >ay
extent, (diaiimd niipi ( i\ emeu I m all (d the t((Wii- w.a- t( di df ah(dit i,^(),llilll cuhic leet per seiaiiid- ahdiii
feasihle .and ecoiudiiical. Much cap.acity could he three and diie-half time- the cap.ac.ty nl the idd
FIG. 382—LOOKING UPSTREAM AT THK JUNCTION OF THE MAD AND MIAMI RIVERS, DAYTON,SEPTEMBER 15, 1922.
Tilt Mad is on the riglit, the M..imi on the left. The bridge in the background is the one at Webster Street. Thewhite streaks on the levees are revetments protecting the base of the levees against scour. Eventually the reclaimed
land between the two rivers, and the open space in the right of the picture, will become city parks.
THE MIAIMI C(3NSERVANCY BULLETIN .S3
1
1
680 -0
Slope 2:1
M \^8'-o"
I IEkvJSIZ
-. 'M/'f^ff^^~wQw,\
/w>~/~v '~'//^^
.g I
RiverWnll-^ "^''"'>-i-
k-5^-^'-y'
K 150'-0- -A
BETWEEN ISLAND PARK DAM AND HERMAN AVENUE
I "-ElevJiy.Z
Crest/Wall
^34-5-0
BETWEEN THIRD STREET AND FIFTH STREET
690'-0-
Slope 24:/
^-Elei/. 709.4-
lEO'-O-—BETWEEN STEWART STREET AND C.C.C. & STL. RY.
IB
Elev.739./—-^
4 i"~^^ii--'>"'.-'^'^^'->^^^_
ACC.no. 4641
FIG. 383—THREE CROSS-SECTIONS OF THE RIVER CHANNEL THROUGH DAYTON.The solid lines represent the improved waterway. The dotted lines show conditions as they were before the Con-
servancy work started.
channel. The new channel is de.signed, in conjunc-tion with the retarding basins, to take care of a
forty percent larger flood than that of 1913. If a
flood that size should occur, the basins will let onlyenough \\ater pass to produce a flow of 75,000 sec-
ond feet in the iNIianii above Mad River, 110,000second feet at jNIain Street, and 120.000 second feet
below the mouth of Wolf Creek, and the water will
only reach the freeboard line, three feet below the
tops of the levees. A flood a great deal larger thanforty percent greater than 1913 would have to occurbefore the levees would be overtopped. Figure 383shows the dimensions of the channel at variouspoints.
The old river channel of the Miami was verycrooked in the first place, and in comparativelyrecent times occupied land now occupied by the
buildings of Dayton. Past attempts at control haveconfined the river \\-ithin definite limits, but the
river lied still is verj- winding through the city. Thenew alignment follows the old channel very nearly,
takes advantage of the old improvements, and is
composed of long, easy, smooth curves, and someshort straight stretches. The levees are parallel to
each other, very nearly. At constricted places,
where the value of the pro])erty adjacent to the river
was very high, and at the bridges, where a changein the shape of the river channel was necessary, con-crete walls were used instead of levees. The distancein elevation between the bottom of the new river
bed and the tops of the levees is about twenty-eightfeet. The bridge openings, with their piers andarches, oif'er some obstruction to the flow of thestream, and some head f)r elevation is necessary to
overcome the resistance. Thus at high stages, thewater on tlie upper side of the bridges will be a footor so higher than on the lower side. In building thelevees, advantage was taken of this and the tops of
the levees below- the bridges are a foot or so lowerthan the levees above. When the river is runningfull, water crowds to the outside of the curves, so
the levees on the outside of the curves are made a
little bit higher than those on the inside. The iowwater channel is on the outside of the curves, also
The natural tendency of a stream is to crowd out-
ward on the curves, and the artificial bed will bemore stalde if the deepest part is placed wherenatm'e would jdace it.
During low water the stream will occupy thelow water channel. .\ moderate stage of water will
])ut the river over the gently sloping l)eaches andagainst the levees. At flood stages the waters will
try to eat into the banks of the levees on the outsideof the curves. To give the water something too hardto cut, the outside of all curves has been protected\)\ concrete revetment. At the most exposed placesthe lower ])ortion of the steep levee slope is covered1)}' a solid reinforced concrete slali similar to a side-
MILE
//// CHANNEL Ef^CAVATION
• bANK IMPROVEMENTS
--.J POWERatlSHT; FORD POWER STATION
fe ACC.N0.4840
FIG. 384—SKETCH SHOWING THE COURSES OFTHE MIAMI, MAD AND STILLWATER
RIVERS AND WOLF CREEKTHROUGH DAYTON.
THE .MlA.Ml C oXSERWWlV J'.ULLET1.\
])} twii siiiallcr ones, a class 9'/'o Bucyrus steam ma-cliiiu' and a class K LidpferwDod electric. Theseiiiachiiu"N iliil the udd jiilw that the liii;' niachiiics did
IK it lia\c tiiiU' f(ir. iir w ^•l-^ tno larj^'c tu dn. Thel-idi;!-! \\M. k1 also did all nf the work Ixdow the Mil-
k'v's I'liril transmis.sii in Inu's and Imislird nearly
twii tlmnsand feet nf le\"ee aluixr that i"init.
l-'riini the Islaiul Park I )ani to the month of W.ill
Creek oidy a small amount of tlu- material that ua-renio\eil from the channel was needeil to enlargethe le\"ees. So xalnalile was the ]irti|iert\ adjacentto the Work that at oid\ a lew ponits eoidd snflicient
waste land he seenred on wh'eh to (himp the surphis
material. This made n necessary [tt transjn.rt the
niatei-ial from the e.\ca\alni^- machmes to the dnmpi"K yronnds. ( »n this particular stretch of rner it
\vas coiisidere(l cheaper to use tloatinjj; e(pn]iment.
and to ]iro\i(le slack water, .1 temporar\' dam washnilt across the Miami at Wolf ('reek. ,L;i\'mL;' a ten
foot depth of water m the iinpro\ eil ruH'r ahoNe('lie of the his;' dragline machaies was momiteil on
a scow. I he e.\ca\att'd mater, al was loadt'd ontoother scows hy this machme, and the loaded scow's
were ]iushed hy the steamer, "horotln jean." to the
spoil hanks where the\' weri.' unloaded h\- .another
maciime. This operation was ,a tamili.ar one to all
I )a\lonians, and was lull\- descrihed m the May.I'd''. I'liilletin and pictori.alK- shown 111 \:iriiius other
I'.ulletins. .\n area on the west h.ink ol the .Miami
jtist helow the llerman ,\\emie hrid,L;e and a trian-
gnlar area at the junction ot the Mad ;nnl the Miami.
FIG. 385—Bt-hUkh. AND AFTER PICTURES OF THE and an area at the mouth of Wolf Creek, were re-
LEFT BANK OF THE MIAMI RIVER BELOW claimed with the excavated material, and 111 limeTHIRD STREET, DAYTON. „.,,, 1,,.,., ,,,,,. ,.,>,. ,,.,.1..
™,, ., , ,. , r ,
wniiHcomeciiNiunKs.1 he views were taken looking downstream trom the - '
Third Street Bridge. The projecting point, covered with The levees were linilt np in yariotis wavs .\
a tangled mass of vegetation, shown in the upper picture...^^ ,,^,.,, ,,, ^,_.„.^. ^^..^^ j,,,^^,„ „, p,,.^,.,,.,. {],,, ,,l,i
IS typical 01 a number 01 similar obstructions to the river . , ' .
flow that existed before the Conservancy work was started. H't-es ,s;r, ,w iu.l; on the levees. I he trees were So large
The lower view shows the completed improvement. The and dense m some cases that the dra,<;lilies Collldhigh value of the real estate involved made it cheaper to „,,( swing their hoonis over the levees, and teamsbuild a wall than to buy enough right-of-way for a levee. T i . 1 i , i .1 ' .1 pi' t^ ^ ^ ,ir cais had to be used to hrm.g m the e.arth. the
,, ,,, , ,,., . ,
, ,le\ees were dressefi with good soil, plante<l to grass,
walk tilled np on ed.ge, h,s does not reach to the.^,,,| ^.„.,.^,|i,. j^.,„,^,,i ,., j,,.,t ,., ^„„„, „.,,,,,„, ,,,• „ „-,
^"I' ;'' ''" '^\''''' •'\*' '^ ^'.' ^""-'^* t'^-''* """''V' has keen pr.Kluced. This growth wiirkee,, the rams
"'!>''.• ^"•">- '';"^^' t'^^'
>V'' "I"'' '"5?"'-t"'^''" "'" '" from washing gullies mto' the fills,
so mlre(pieiit that ;i good sod is surhcient to protect
the upper part of the le\ee. I'he heacli :it the toe i 'h- temporary dam at the mouth of Wolf (.'reek
of the h vee is protected l.\ .1 tle.vihle conerele mat perfonneil the duty expected of it very well. Coii-
m.-ide up of concrete Mocks, twelve inches wide. sider.ahle thought was given to the prohlem of re-
twent\-four inches long, and \\\y inches thick, each ni..\mg it. hut the Miami s,a\cd all th.at tronhle whenone pierced l.\ two holes .and strung together oil "lie stormy night the ri\er washed the dam away.
,g;il\aiii/ed wire cahle. Ihis phase of the wi.rk w;is just a short time after the work ahove it had been
descrihe.l m det.ail in the \o\emher, l'>2(t, I'.nlletin tiiiished.
The work 111 D.iNtoii ii.ainrallv divided itself mto hrom Wolf Creek t(i ITfth .Street scowing was
three p.arts, e.ach <|iiile (hrfereiit m ch.ai.acter. .-iiid continued hy excav.ating a channel siltiicieiUl> deep
re(|niriiig dirf.rent e(|nipnieiit. The first of these m l''"" tloatmg scows. Im-oih h'ifth Street to .a point
import.aiice w.is the ch.annel exc;i\atioii .and le\ec ahout 700 feet helow Washington Street, nearly all
huildim; The e\c;i\;iting machine Used w.is the of the surplus chaiimd exc.ivali.iu had to he hauled
<lr;igline. The gre.ater p.arl of (he work was ,l,,ne "Ht to low ,are;is on the right hank ne.ar Stewart
with the twi. kirgesl dr.aglmes ,,11 the District's Street, Slamkard gauge locomotives h.anlmg air
wiirk. the cl.is, ir.^i r.iuwriis. So well .are they |)rii- dump cars were used, ,as it w ;is not pr.acticahle to
portioned tli.at oiilv h\ gelling them hcside'some tisc the llo.at nig ecpiipment < .11 this stretch of river,
famili.ar object can their 'v/x be .appreciated. The hhoin ludow .su-w;irt ."street to the railro.ad bridgem.achines wei^ii i_'.s tous, the booms .are IJ.s .and lust below ( incmnati Street, the improved chtinnel
1.1.^ feet long, the buckets liohl three and one h.alf runs for sonic SOOO feet through the low hand ordi-
to four .and one h.alf cubic v.irds, .and the reach m a ii.arih subiecl to o\ertliiw from e\ er\- rise in tile
l.'~!0-i|egree 1 urn is J.sO to _',"() ft-et. Tin- inoti\ e pow er 1 i\ ei , ,iiid coiiscipientK not occn]iied b\- main' bn i Id-
is electricit \. The 1 w o big m.achnies were reinforced iiigs. .More tli;in 1,000,000 cubic wards of m.aterial
THE MIAMI CONSERVANCY BULLETIN 55
were taken out of this section of the work. Thegeneral plan that was followed was to start the
dragline down the center of the river, excavate th*
material, and deposit it in a windrow as far over
towards the river bank as the machine would reach.
Then the same machine, or one following right
behind it, would pick up the material again, swingaround in a half circle, and deposit it again in
another windrow still closer to the bank. It wascheaper to make three throws with the machine than
to load and transport the earth, although it wasusually necessary to make only one or two throwsto get the material into final position. The first earth
formed the levee, and the surplus was put back of
the levee, so that in some places the width of the
FIG. 386—CROSS-SECTIONS OF TYPICAL RETAIN-ING WALLS BUILT IN DAYTON.
fill is wider than at others. At some time in the fu-
ture a boulevard will run down on one or both sides
of the river, and this territory, once an eyesore to
the town, will be transformed into a far different
sort of a district than it is now.
In cleaning out the river, more than 2,000,000
cubic yards were excavated, and either placed in
the levees, dropped into deep holes in the river or
placed in the spoilbanks. Of the 2,000,000 cubic
yards, 723,000 cubic yards were used to enlarge the
levees and in addition 129,000 cubic yards were takenfrom liorrow ])its for the same purpose. To accom-plish all this work, the draglmes traveled up anddown and across the river, a total distance of overthirty-three miles. Some special work at cleaning
out under the bridges was necessary. On WolfCreek it was possible to build much of the levee
with the small dragline. At other points sections
of levee were liuilt with teams.
The Miami Ri\'er is crossed by a number of waterand gas mains and sewers. In thirteen cases these
had to l)e lowered to get them below the new river
l)ed and one entirely new main was laid. This lower-ing proved to be an annoying job, but an interesting
one. The Bullelin has described some of the opera-tions in the December, 1918, issue. Subsequent low-erings were carried out in much the same way. Eachone was an adventure in a way, for the river had a
perverse haliit of coming up at critical moments, andthreatening to wash out the work.
The various walls and revetments comprise thegroup of jobs next in importance to the excavationin the channel. Forty-one walls, ranging in size fromthe South Robert Boulevard river wall, 1036 feet
long and 25 feet high, including the foundation, to
the little one at the central fire station, but 44 feet
long and five feet high, were built. Figure 386 is a
good illustration of these. The Bulletin has said agood deal about this phase of the work in the No-vember, 1920, March, 1920, and March, 1921, num-bers, and a detailed account of the work is not nec-essary here. As far as possible old walls wereworked into the new scheme, by extending and rais-
ing them. The proximity of buildings in some casesproved to be a complication that reciuired the mostcareful work to prevent damage to the abutting])roperty. By the use of sliding forms, and l^y care-ful planning of plant, the work which ordinarilyuoidd prove to be exasperatingh" slow and expen-sive, was so standardized that it moved forwardrapidly and economically.
The novel features of the revetment attracted somuch attention that articles about it appeared in
the November, June, and January, 1920, and theAugust, 1919, Bulletins. Little can be added savethat 7765 cubic yards of the slab, and 2954 cubicyards of the flexible revetment were ]daced in Day-ton.
The ndtl job group is the third section of the work.Each item deserves a story in itself. When the exist-
ing state of aft'airs was disturbed in Dayton, all
kinds of things bobbed up. Sewer outlets had to belengthened. Flood gates had to be installed on pipelines through the levees. The new levee changeddrainage conditions in some localities, and the rain
washed gravel into J\Irs. Murphy's cellar, and thatalso had to be taken care of. Street grades had to
be rectified, and sewer manholes changed. Some of
these items could be definitely anticipated, otherscould nut be except in a general way. Taken alto-
gether, the odd jobs form a work of no mean size
and importance.
Construction machinerj' makes considerable noise,
especially during hot, still summer nights, whensleep comes slowl}-. Some families had concrete
plants at their back doors for a time. Mufflers wereused, and other devices emplnyed to reduce annoy-ance from this source, but the work was a nuisancetil many peo])le especially during the night shift.
The patience of the citizens who were within hear-
ing distance of the river was remarkable. Every oneseemed to realize the necessity of the work, andnearly every one helped b)' not complaining. Noisenow is a thing of the past, and when spring comesthe grass will cover the new levees, and cover the
scars made by the work. Dayton is secure against
the flood danger.
56 INK .ML\MI CI '.\>l-:k\ \.\(\ r.Ll.l.E'lMX
Adams Street Bridge at Troy Completed1 he Success of the Novel Undertaking Can Now Be Recorded.
'I"lu' unusual IramiT "f ri mstructiuL;- a ucw .'"ii c()U1|mimm1 ,,\ i\\ chc-l^ .dt |iilni^, liut sninr of the
Crete bridge nu lup >>\ a similar sliucuirt- already I'lliiii;' i)iM\rd tn he uu\y llux'e leet Ihul;. I he
in place, usiui; iIk' nKl hiid^e Im >u|i|iiirt the lovius \\atci\\a\ undei' the bridge was whulK' uiadeipiate
fur tlir new. \\a> present in the reci instruct n m nl h.r the new plan.
the Ailauis .^treel I'.rid-e at d'roy. I'he w.irk has y^^^. ,,,.,( ,,p,., „-,,„i,i ],,. ,,, ^ I'eck such a hrulL;e
just been c 'ni| ileteil. .and the success ,,f the n.i\el ;,iid bu.ld rni..ther. T. > reniove a concrete brids;-e.
undert.akui.L;- can \\i<\\ be recnrded. es].eci.-|]l\ the pn'rs. is ;i Ihl;- jnb and an expensive
The < )|fic .al I'l.au of the I'lsirict or!L;nially pro- , lue. I'he I iistncl calculated I h.al it \\< 'uld be cheaper
\iiled ,al Ti'iix for .a deep w.iter channel for ilie to reinfori'e the old piers and n-e them to carry
.\l:anii l\i\ei". follow uil; the oM ri\er closely, .and the new br'di^e and to use the obi .a-adies to c.irry
usnit;- the bridges as tlie\ then stood. \ ery l.rL;e the falsewoil< for the new, and to add extr.a arches
lloods were t'' ha\e been t.aben ca'X- of be male iii^' ;'. t one end. than to build .an cut ir(d\- new br.di^e. I he
the le\ee on the north snle of the ri\cr low enonL;h obv^uis exped'eiU of buddniL; a new bridi^c on a
so th.at .a larL;-e tl 1 would o\(_-rtop the b.mks. .and d ffe- cut s te and d gi^ini; ;i hole .and b 1 ow a i <,'' tlu-
tlow' over the kiw round t'l the uoith. o'd bri('i;e nito it. w a - b.arcMl because .t w;is neces-
sour/;/ II
ri'^-!-'5-,,./fi/,;7^^I
ABUTMENT PIERA PIER B PIER C
Y
'
\
PIERD PIER ENORTH
PIER F ABUTMENT- —
>t<'. -3— -H
b Ace. No. 4645
lULihl oi - w a\ was necessa,\. is.ijeral lie sa\ni^" in
FIG. 387—ELEVATION OF THE RECONSTRUCTED ADAMS STREET BRIDGE. TROY.The position cf the old arches and the outhne of tlie piers btfcie they were enlarged, is shown by the dotted liries.
The reconstructed bridge is shown by the sold lin.s. The- enlargement of the old piers, end the protective sheet piling
around them, should be especially noted.
I'.iit as the t ine t" buihl the works ibcw ne.ar, s.a.y to u-e the obi site. Idle c^st of seciirine^ the
the .M'i.aini l'ount\- people decnled that a imicli more i,eces^ar\" prope t\" tor tlie .appro.aches to a new site
desirable plan for ihe fntiu'e ln-;iiitil'ic.at :on of ddoy w;is proh'bitive.
\\-ould be to Coll line the llood cli.aiiiiel w it hill deli n it e s, .me \ ei \- .leiinite ,ad\ ,aiU,aL;-es were to be li.ad b\-
Inuits. leii-lhen the bral-es f .accoiiim. .dal e the i,,||,,wni-- this rather iio\a-l plan of uliliziiiL;- the old
eidar-ed ri\ er. and Till ni .and be.aiil.ly tlie la-m.aipde' bnd^^e. I he d.anvc'i of lloods w.ashm.L;- out the tiuilier
of the o\e-|]ow .area. I.e.axniL: out the recoiistmc- faKew , ,. k' w ,as done .aw.ay w ith. .as ,a clear w .aterwaytioii of the two rue- brid-i'-. the cost ol the ni-w ,alw.a\s reui.ained under the bridL;e. Less timberpl.an il il not i;re.atl> exceed the < )rtlcial Plan. .M.aiiii was iiei'es>av\- ui buddiii-- the f.>ini-, .\o .additional
(.(iiuitx ,aL;reed to p,a\ lor Ichl;! lieiiim; the twobridi^es It ihe new pl.an wa- .adopted. When tile
chaii.L>.e w.as ,ap|iro\ed b\ the ( on^er\anc\" ( ourl.
the ('oUiit\- entered intii .an .a.^reement lor the ll^s-
trict t'l <|o the bridL;e reconstruct on work lor the
C c lUlltW
d he .\larkel Street r.ridi.;e had two steel trusses
.and li\ .'i.dil iil; .another s|ian. sullic.eiil wate:\\aywas seciued. Ibis work was ineiit oued in the M.ay.
1''21. isstie of the r.ullelin
ddle .\dams .'^treet I'ndi^e reconstruction w .a-
ilK ire of ,a problem. Ilu' old brid.L;e was Intdl in
l''K\ .and consisted ol liatr reinhirced coiicri'le
arches See 1'" ,L;ure .iS7. I he oulwaiil .appearance ol
the structure w.as L;oiid, but the pier loiitiiiLjs w ere
inade(|uate .and si.ine iil the concrete was m badcondition. Ihe toiitmL;s were -o n.arrow th.at tlie\
Could not t.ake ca'e oi the unbalaiua-d lorces tidin
tin- ne\'> .arches w.tli ,i siilticieiit ni.ar<jin tor s.alet\.
11, , » ,• -.1 , ,,-, o .,llv ,, , 7 r tl, , ,', FIG. 388—SKETCH ILLUSTRATING THE ENLARGE-
IhcN weie also set p. ,u tn ..11> on top ol the i ix , , ^^.^^^ ^^ ^^^ BRIDGE PIERS ON THEbed. and were placed on a louinhalioii supposed to be ADAMS STREET BRIDGE, TROY.
THE AIIA^IT COXSERWVNCY BULLETIN 57
FIG. 389—A PIER OF THE ADAMS STREET BRIDGEA coffer dam had been built, the gravel removed from a
third of the footing. The wooden piling underneath the oldsheet steel piling can be seen stck ng out of the water n t
old footing, and the entire pier was encased in a jacket of
the volume of concrete was secured. The disadvan-tages were principally in the troulile of reinforcing
and underpinning the old piers, and in the adven-turing into the unknown which this novel plan neces-
sitated. Without ])recedent to go by, the greatest of
care and thought was necessary to insure the suc-
cess of each step in the work.The design of the new bridge was sinii)le. The
irregular length of the spans of the okl bridgegoverned the length of the three comparatively short
spans that were added at the north end, as the prin-
ciple was adhered to of having the center span the
longest, and having the spans decrease somewhatuniformly towards the ends. The deep water chan-nel through Tro}' follows the old river channel andriuis under the old bridge. The entire liridge is de-
signed to carry a concentrated Uve load of onetwent_v-ton truck, with fourteen tons on the rear
wheels and six tons on the front Avheels. The side-
walks are designed to carry a live load of 100 pcnuids
per square foot. The materials will receive a maxi-mum stress imder total dead and live loads of 500
pounds per scjuare inch for the concrete, and 14,000
pounds per square inch for the steel. These stresses
are about one-quarter of stresses that would breakthe materials. .V variation of eighty degrees in tem-]>erature was considered a maximum. With the
maximimi temperature stress added to the maxi-mum loading, the concrete would be stressed to 735pounds per square inch, and the steel to 16,000
pounds per square inch, which are well within the
limits of safety.
READY FOR UNDERPINNING, FEBRUARY 6, 1922.
round the pier, and the excavation made underneath the firt.t
footing should be noted. The top of the line of protective
he bottom of the pit. Concrete was packed underneath theconcrete.
The deep water channel was luider the old bridge,
and therefore the building of the extension on the
north end of the old bridge was carried un in the
div. Concrete sills were used to carry the posts for
the falsework. The superstructure and forms com-monly used for the piers, arches, and abutment of
concrete bridges, were used for these three arches.
No vmexpected contingencies came up and no un-
usual construction methods were eniplo}-ed.
The spandrel walls, sidewalks, fill and piaxing
were a considerable part of the dead load on the old
bridge. They were removed before much work wasdone, in order that as little load as possible wouldbe on the piers while they were being enlarged. It
was necessary to remove these carefulh^ and to
unload all arches simultaneously and uniformly.( Otherwise, unbalanced forces might ha\e jnished
over one of the ])iers. Most of the work was doneby hand. .Small shots of dynamite were used in
l:)reaking u]) the concrete wherever possible in order
to lighten the hantl work.The first job in reconstructing the old liridge, was
to enlarge and deepen the footings. The rebuilt foot-
ings are almost twice as wide as the old ones, andextend aliout three feet deeper into the river bed,
.\. coffer dam of earth \\'as thrown up around the
pier, the water was pumped out, and the material
around the footing excavated by hand. Taking one-
third of the length of the old footing at one time,
the excavation was carried three feet below the bot-
tom of the old footing, and then underneath. It wasthen that the condition of some of the old wooden
58 'nil'. MIAMI LOXSERWWC \' BULLETIN
pilt^ was (liscliiscfl. Sheet ^trel |iilint; fifteen feet
Idiit; \\:i> (li-i\-en one fiuit in^l(le nf the Inie of the
new footing- and ]n-ojectin!^ U|i one fool nito the
footing;-. ( oiicrete was packed into tlie space luider-
neatli the ohl footin;;'. and around the old pik-s out
past the hue of the sheet pdui--, Wdien the concrete
was set. the next thiial was (hi.i;' out. and the opera-
liiiU re]ieated. himire .iS' I ill\istrates the procedm-e.
Wlien tlie underpnniniL;- was all completed, holes
were drdled throu,i;h the ohl piers and the lu'-roils
place(l ihiiiUi^h them, d'hen a ja(d<el ol concrete was
placed entirel_\ around the ol.l piers, the network of
siecd m the j.acket Iiciul;- held m pl.ace hy the tie-rods,
fhe reconstruction work on the piers and the
South ahutnienl did imi turn out to he as ditficnlt
as w.as .aiUicipateil. ,altliou.i;-h hii;li water stopped the
woik ,-1 iiumher of limes, ddie difliculty ol drivms.,'
sluel ].iliii- 111 the restricted space under the hridsjje piG. 391—ADAMS STREET BRIDGE. AUGUST 21, '22.
w,is oxercome hv the use of a simall. compact steam Both the old and the new arches are in position. The,
forms were being removed from the new arch when this''•"•""^'-
picture was taken.
1 he ii..rth ahutmeiit had to he replaced hy a new,iiff^.,.^.„t method was uecess.ir\ To have poured
]iier iiiinie(li,-it<d\ north of it. See l-d.^'ure .^<^U. .\s the
(\ca\atiou for the new p:er reiiiox t'd the heariiii.
from helimd the old .ahiitnu'nt. some means nt sup
pi \ 1111:; a tempi irar\- sujiport niilil the old 1 indite wa
each new arch complete would lia\e caused an tin-
halaiiced loadiiii;- on the pieis that could !ia\-e lieeu
daiiL,'erous. So each arch was poureil in three lonjL,M-
tudinal sections, one section heiUL;- poured on all of
taken down, was m-eessary. hi- ure .V H) shows hoW"^|^^. .j,.^.i,,,^^ ;|„,i t],,.,, another, :ind hiiallv the third
tills was accomplished. The hea\ v tiinhers, wed.ijed
;i<;aiiist concrete fooiin,^s, were ]ilaced in line with
the direction of the force against the ahutmeiit and
l''>y proceedin,L; m this manner, the nuhalance(l thrust
on the piers did not exceed a sale li.L;ure.
\\ hen the new .irch ruii^s had set. the most tick-
1. raced to pre\<'iit hncklinc:. ddien the excavatingp^|^ ^^.^^.^ ,,,• f|^,, |,,i, j],,. ,-^.,„,,val .if the old arches,
was done, and when the pier was poured, the con-
crete was hoxed .around the timhers. The holes soremained to he done. L'nderneath the hridge a
trench was dug. dee]) emmgh so that the ohl con-
left were tilled in .after the coin|iletiou of the hridge^^.rete falling into it would "all he helow the grade
I
eiiiitled the reuio\:il of the hr.ace for the old ahut-
meiit.
FIG 390—SKETCH SHOWING CONSTRUCTION OFNEW PIER BEHIND THE OLD ABUTMENT OF
THE ADAMS STREET BRIDGE.
of the improved channel, ddien one-mch holes were
drilled through the ohl .arches se\ en feet apart longi-
tudinallv and three feet a|iart laterally, and corres-
ponding holes were cast into the new arches ahove.
Idle holes were pkaced so that they would he ready
for a certain contingency. Due to the same dillicnlty
ahout lia\ ing too large an niihakanced thrust on the
])iers. the old arches h.id to either all come down at
once, or else he renio\ ed uniformly. l"o have one old
arch all reiiio\ ed w itli the others still standing might
spell disaster. The practical difficulty of so manag-
ing affairs that all of the arches would let go and fall
at the same moment was so great that this method
w,as not seriousK- considered. So the piecemeal
method was the one decided upon, ddie holes men-
tioned ,ilio\e were so arranged that holts could lie
run through them, taken ui> a hit, and the lower
arches sus]ieiided from the up]ier ones, in case that
during llie o|ieratioiis hereafter descrihed, the old
.arches sh.iwed any sign <if failure. If this had hap-
peneil. the suspended weight would ha\'e heeii ver>-W lien all of the np]ier ]i.art of the old hridge save
ihi- .iiches w.as reiiio\ed .ami the piers had heen ne,arl\ <M|n.al . .n e.icli side ol each |ner. I he wreck-
recoiistructed. the forms foi ihe mwv arches were ing of the old .arches w,is nincli easier than had
luiill on top of the old hii.l-e, fhe ,niK difference heeii expected, Scafloldmg w.is suspended from the
from the h.rins ordm.arilv used ou sucli work was ,,]. per .arches l,v means of rods run through the holes
111 the posts. Instead of ihe long l.eiits resting on meiit ione<l al .o\ e. .and workmen using sledges, small
|,,les ,,r silU m the river hed. the posts were sliort. cli.arges of dyn.ainite .and chisels, hegan taking out
;n,.l resi,-d on lop of the .,ld concrete arches, leaving httle hites from all of the arches, working at ahout
,aii niiohstrncted walerw,a\-- the s.aiiie r.ate on all of them.
\s thr po-ts ..arrving the ,irch forms for the new 1 he net-work ol reiiilorciiig steel held the .ihi
sp.ins oil ihe north end resird on the ground, these concrete to.gether ver\ w( 11. and the steady nihhlmg
.irches could he poured in the Usual wav. Ihit oil re<lnced each arch to ,a \erv narrow rih. witliotlt any
Ihe pari of the new hridge that rested on' the ohl, a necessity arising of suspending any o[ the old stv;ic-
THE MIAMI CONSERX'ANCY BULLETIN 59
FIG. 392—ADAMS STREET BRIDGE, OCTOBER 14, 1922.
The old arches have been removed, but some cf the old re'nforcing steel with chunks of concrete clinging to it canbe seen under the 3rd arch from the right. The rods hanging down from the underneath side of the new arches wereused to carry the scaffolding that supported the wrecking crews. If the necess'ty had occurred the old arches wouldhave been carried by these same rods during the wrecking process.
tiire from the new. These last narrow ribs were cut
and dropped without incident.
As soon as the success of the wrecking operations
was assured, the new spandrel walls and sidewalkswere started. The spandrel walls are built withoutbrackets or batter. The sidewalks are cantilevered
out without brackets. No unusual features weredeveloped on either of these two items.
The construction plant was not elaborate. .\ der-
rick dug the gravel needed in addition to that al-
ready piled up on the site by the dragline. A port-
able gravel-washing and screening plant preparedthe material for use. The aggregates were loaded
into the Smith one-yard mixer l)y gravity, and the
concrete was transported to the work in side-dump
concrete cars that ran over a narrow-gauge track,
up over the levee, and across the river on top of the
forms. It was not necessary to hoist any of the
concrete into position. A gasoline locomotive did
the hauling.
The contractor who had the special work of rein-
forcing the old piers used a very simple layout.
Part of the time he had his mixer on top of the old
bridge, and chuted the concrete down. The remain-der of the time he brought in the concrete on a light
trestle with a deck Init a few feet above the watersurface.
The job is now completed with the exception of
backfilling and cleaning up. Within a few weeksthe new bridge will lie open to traffic.
Progress on the Work From June 27, 1922, to December 5, 1922
GERMANTOWNCompleted,
ENGLEWOODThe rip-rap placing, which was in progress at the time
of the last progress report, has been completed. The roadover the top of the dam has been thrown open to traffic.
The construction equipment has all been removed, the rail-
road track has been torn up and the job cleaned up.
Englewood dam is cntircK- completed.
Completed.
Completed.
Completed.
LOCKINGTON
TAYLORSVILLE
HUFFMAN
DAYTONThe Dayton Channel imiirdvrment work has been com-
pleted.
The first of the thrLc big machines to finish was the
Lidgerwood, Class "K". D-16-8, which did its last work onthe left levee, about 1,000 feet upstream from the Miller's
Ford power plant, on -'\ugust 26th. On September 21, the
two Bucj'rus, Class 175 draglines, D-16-1S and D-16-l(i
completed their work. Tluy had been working towardeach other on top of the left levee and met about 1,501)
feet downstream from Stewart Street. After that date
D-16-15 worked until October 28, under a special agree-
ment with the National Cash Register Company, leveling
down a pile of surplus material on their property.There still remained some channel work around the
bridges, for which a contract had been let. The contract
was forfeited and, on August 25, the District took over the
work. The last dragline work was done on November 15th.
At the mouth of Wolf Creek a concrete barrier hasbeen constructed, to maintain the required difference in
grade between the creek and the Miami River and to checkthe drifting of gravel into the river.
A third maintenance gravel plant has been installed. It
is located on the south hank of Mad River west of FindlayStreet.
Total channel excavation. Item 9, amounted to 2,025,000
cu. yds. Levee embankment amounted to 852.500 cu. yds.
The total yardage handled in accomplishing this work wasappro.ximately 4,500.000 cubic yards. The total amount of
concrete placed was .id.000 cu. vds.
C. A. BOCK, Division Engineer.December 5, 1922.
HAMILTONThe electric dragline, D-16-18, made the outside cut on
the cast side of the river, between the Black Street bridge
;'nd the High-Main Street bridge, during the months of July:'nd .-\u,gust. This machine moved south on the High-MainStreet bridge September 1, and removed 146,000 cubic
yards accretion between the High-Main Street bridge and
60 rill': MIAMI I. ( )XSER\-Axcv r.n.i.i'nix
tlu' L'ciluniliia hrid.m' that l,,iil fmnuil in tin- |inviini-l\- I'm- Tin cuiniiic \xalU liaNC all lucii cnm|ik-tcil,
islu'd fhaniul 'llir ilrrtnc niailiinr tluii iiuniil iinilri tin llir r\ca\ali' n x\ n k was ilrla\ rd al>ciin a wrrk l)y the
IliRli-Maiii Mrirl luailtjc and -lartid to wcnknit; north- vi.iini of .^ipt .'mI, and tin- ron-lnution ol llu dam ua^ward on the ra>t >,dc takm^ ont tlu' last cut. nuliidmi; ihr dila\iil two wc.k-railroad lill. ami al prrvriit is o|i|iomi.' the south riid of R. B McWHORTER, Divsion Engineer.
till- I'dack-l law son wall All of iliis matn ial is Ihmiil; December 5, 1922.
idaced 111 thr m.rih s|H,il!Kmk. PIQUAIdir (lass 14 r.m-Nrii- e,,lri|nllar .h.mlinr rMaN.iIrd I l"' ^h.iwn.r lrv,r. start, d with teams, is hemg com-
Ihe material Iron, m front ol ih,. (li.,n,|noii I o.u.d I'.iper P-";' ""1' ' ^''•''" <lraKl:ne and ears 1,.s now so
CoMipanv'.s mlake m the earK |.,nl oi Inlv; ih.n moved ''•""l) eoiii|d,ted that thr hnishnn.; to„elu s should he a!
downstream and hei^aii uradin.; llu- holl<m, ma. llie w,M ''""; ^'> ' Inislm.is1h. <„anl .s,r,el 1, vee has l„en held
side, above the lliuh-Main .sire.t hndur. ,.as,i,m llie iii.i- "I' 1'^ liliL^.il.on .,ml sliM rein.nns lo he dom.
lerial eastward lo he hi.ided on e.irs hv ihe eleeliie dr.i.u-,
H". ';'-' "' ''" "''H^'''V
';"'' " ^^ ",'' ^'"'i'' '"I I
'
line. This niaehim- ih.m moved lo ili'e d.iinsii, norll, of l''-' "1 'I"' r,N;Hmnl are holli so marly eomphPd that
hwo-Mile IrMk, .ind exeaN.iled ih, holl.mi loi Ihe W.St '1"^ I'" "i" I- "" -1 l'" "''-^ I'.v Mir.stnias >ewer
hall ol the dam. ami handhd I. oil, ihe si, , 1 sh, ,a pikn,; onl hi v ,dv ,s ,,rr now m nn. pr.e, d ;^, .im- el._amn.y u,> w ,.i k
ami the w.i,h1 ,,ikn:4 fr,,n, ll, s p,al„m oi (1,,. ,l.,m ll lln-ii -''''l^^/T' ^" "^ '""' ^"''''"''- " '"'^ "" "" ''''•'• '"- n''""^
moved d.iwiisiream, p.issaij.; nmh i lln I'd.iek Sin, I hridt:,, '
'"a - ^ ^ t^
ami excavate, 1 ., ,h,p-wat.r ,h,nin,l ni fr.ml ol ih,- ^ ,
ALBERT SCHROEDER, Assistant Engineer.
Champion pap,i nuil lln- eli.iim, 1 li.is .i h,,li,mi wnlth Decembers, 192|
if 411 liet. with 4 I.. 1 sid,- sh.p.s. .ui,l a ,hplli ..I .d'oiil Ui-PER RIVER WORK.s,'v,-n f,,-,'b,l,.w th.' ha.inan ,,l tin- hnpr,,\',,l iii.im ,liani„l
.^
Troy- Ihe .Ira.yhn, D-li-.M eomphi,,! ik w.ak about
This maehine tluii imw,-d .ib.iv,' ih,' I'd.iek Sir,, I hrid,^,--^•veniher iMli .iml w.,s ,l„-ii i.ik.n P. npuL lln- re-
1 ,1.1 in." ,K .,, .- ,,, ,,, , ll, ,1, ,
inainmt; (.haiiiir rM'ax.ilHiU i- Ui>\\ Ncns^ < Cnr hv . L < ii-aiiii t_\ca\"atr.| ni the iiinlilh ot Ihr ruci, pas-niL; llir nia-
.-^
,. i- i'^ r-
' ': .1
li.rial laslward. main t<i Ui«- laih'Md tiai.k. att<i ini^ ii -
, ,,
, 1.1. 1 \ 1 ^11m,,v,-,l t,, Ih, ,as, ,11,1 ,,l llie ,1.1,11 P,r ., ,l.n ,.r -,,. ,,ml
ni.iP-ri ,1 .,,b,-ns,-,l I, ,r b.„-k 1,11 , m th,,' \,1 aiiis Slr,H^l hrnte
,h,-n ,m,v,,l lo Ih, w.s, ,11,1 ,n Ih, d.ini, w Inr, ,1 ,s pr, - '1:', <-li."i">l xeav.in.ai will be em.ph-p-,1 \n D.eenilurl.sih
111,' l.isl pouiim^ of eomr, I,- I, if ih, -\ilauis Street
hinl.i;,- ,ieeurr,'il on Noxi-inhir .'1-1. .and ih,' w atir-p; nol'iivj;
parint; tin- sloji,- la-low ih, ,l,,,ii
Tin- (kiss 14 I'.iuxrus ,lr.i'..;lm,-. iii.iiinli,l ,iii i,,lhi-
,xeavate,l f,,r tin- n.oMii^s. bnilt tin , ,,11
,,.1., ,,,. .nnl .ha.v,-
jif "Ihe'
brid.^.' 'is 'i„ ,w' wV 11
'
iimbr' w'.n ,"h .i v.ny'
.'idv 'tin
the pihn.t; P.r tin- ,asi hall ,,l tin- ,laiii ll th,-i, ,nov,al,,„-l,tilli,m p, !„ ,l,ai,. lln- M,U-w,ilks ami em bs ,„, the
'l"V'" '" "l"' '"""'I' '"'I "' ''" l'd.i,k-( bws,,n w.ill .111,1^,j„|j ,,|,|„-,,,„.i, I,.,,.,, 1,,,,,,, e-,,,npl,te,l ami tile pa'. , un nt
ma.le the em n,-\t P. lb,- b.iiik up P, ( )hl K'lv.-r. yr.nliipe^^,|| ^ , ,,_. ,,,,,, , ,,, ,,„||,,,„u,,„ ,,, p „- ,i„, ,„„,|i ai,pr,,aeh
the slope a,,, I hotPai U.r ,-, \-. I m, ill. ,iml lo.nnm th, xx.isi,-^^ l,,.,|iy pl.-ie,al b\- ('.,,il,-y
material ,ii eai-. |h.s ma.hm, th,,, im,\.,l P. Ihe
,.ist
i-,,;.,,,,',, tin, , it w,.rk lias b, , n ,, ,mpl,-le,l ami ,,nh JDH
'id "> 'li>' 'l-'i" •i"'l «t..,l,,l ih,- sl,,p,- .111,1 b,, IP, 111 i,,r r, -
,, ,,,- |,.,,.,|,,., „,,]| ,-,mams ,,, h, p,,iir.-,l. 'lliis shouhl be\-, am. Ill b,tw,'en Ih, <-,i,i ,'i th,- ,ms| .ihiiliii,-,,t .,ii,l ( Ihl
,,,nn,h|,.l m tw,, w,,ksk,v,r It IS 11, ,w ,Nea\.itmL; b,l,,w ll,, ,kiiii. ,,,,,r th,- ,as| T'ppecanoe City— \l 1 ipp, e.ui,,,-. th,- s,-w,'r w,,rk hasbank. p,hiiK up tlumat, ri.il p, b, l,i.i,l,-,l on ,-.irs .iml h.iiil, ,1
^^^,^,^^ ^. ,,1, |,,| .x,,,,, p,, ,,,„. ,,verll,,w ehamber. now"tit later, iiml,,- ,-ons| i ii, I ion. .iml ih,- pumpini; sl.itU'ii al the s,,uth
riu- Mo.lel _'l M.naoi, ,l,av;l,m- ,,,ii,phP.l ll.,- 1,\,-,- ,.is|^,,,| ,,, ,|,^. ,^.^,,,,| p,|,|| |.,,,, n,,,], ,^ ,-, nnplel eil ami also
ol the l-,,r,l plant It ill,,, bii.li ll,,' r.nb.i.nl hi. m th,-,1,,, i^,,,,,. m,.,,,, ^-^K.-rt .is w,dl as re\ ,-tnienl w,irk at
ri\,-r fr,im 1 1 ii^h-.M.nn Sli,-el brnU,- P, (oliimbi., hi uli.;,-,||^ sh,,rp em\,s
It was tlu-n niov,-,l .ibov,- ll,,' I'd.iek Sti,-,l brnh.^, wti.r,--pi,', |),,,|,-,el fore, s |,.,v, e, ,mpl,t,-,l the walls ii..rlli
It bmit the P.p p. in ,,l 111,- ri\,r sl,,p, .doiiL; ih, ,a.i,,r,l,',,,,1 ^,„|||, ,^,- y].,,,, s, ,-,.,,, ,,,,,| tin- pa\iiiy of M.iin Str,-,'t
wall on Ih,' ,vsi b.ink;ll...i loll, ,w iiil. I h,- sp .rm oi S, pi ,\ !„|u,,,, |--,|-,| Sir,-. a ,,ml tin- M. ,*x \i (anal wlur,- ihe11 was a.yam ino\ . .1 b,l.,w lliL'l.-M.iiii Stn.l b. nb^,' lo .
'-sir,-, I h.nl p, 1„- rais. ,1. llu- m.im 1, \,,- was cnnplete.l
binbl tlu- tra,k lli.il w,.s wi,-,-k,'.l b> tin- ll.,..,l Mils m.i-,,|„,,|| N,-pp-iiil„-r .'.Mb. ami lln,. (,,nl,-v |,laee,l th,- e,,i-
ehim- w.as lluii ,n.r\.-.l lo llu s.ailli sp,, ill,. ink n\ lu r, it l,;,nknunt Pa- llu- r,,\\,|- lloUs, swileli llu- tus amilb, I some ,t;ra,hn.t;. .iml lluii biiill lb,' ,'.is| .,ml w
,si hv,-,-
|.^,j|^ f,„. ,|,, ,„p,|| ,,, ,- ,ai th,' ur..nii.l r,'ailv P, be laid.
aer,iss th,' spoilb.ink. It is ii,,w ...^r.nlnp.: tin- r,..i,l w ;i>- ap-\, p,-,,^, ,,, ||,,, |),miui p.r.us .ir,' si.irtu,.^ a Umml uiuk-
proaches to 111,- s,,i,th sp,, lib. ink ,|,,. |,,^,,, f, „ ,],, ]4 ,,,,-|| muiiou maim d'liis timiiel is
Fe.nr spin--,l.k,s ha\, b, . n biiill ml,, llu ri\ ,i fr,,ii, planii, ,1 to b,- .ibiuil 4 fl. \ ,, ft. ami ."sll ft. loiii;
the east bank ilo\\ usii , am l.ann tin- 1 .imhn w .ihl pow , i I'ri,-,- I'.iolluis w,-r,- ,i;i\-,n ill,' cmlracts l,,r bn.ldm.!:;
house, as .i pr, ,1, ill, .n P, ih, ,-.i\iiie: b.mk .i1 Ih.il poiiil. ih, suP^i riul in , al llu- Water \- F.leeliic l.pulit I'l.aut
b'nrllur ,l,i\\ iistr.am. th,- \,ili,".il ,a,l!i bank w.is slineid .,ii,| th,' si,,ii,,ii .iml ,bs(-li.ire:,- mams. S,> far about (^bH It
.low 11 to ,1 -' lo 1 si. ,p,-. .,11 w hieli ., b.iiik p. ,,P-,li, .11 of brush ,,| 1_' nub ,lis,-h.ii .4, mam has b, , n laul on l-'irst ."street
ami stoiu- sp.ills was pl.iecl ami llu ,..ii,i,P m lln- pump pil has hiru brouitht aboveI'rie,- I'.ia.llurs (.mipain li.i\,- ,, uiipl, I , ,1 th, i,-\-,tiiuiil th,' ,L;r..iin.| l,-\,!. .iml lln- 1. .uiul.il 1, ,iis f. a th,' I'owar H,,us,-
on th,' w,st b.ink. ami ill, 11 work .,11 th, , .isi h.ink is now w.ilb p. an,. I
lu-.iriu.L; e. .lupKlioii I his w,,rk will 1,,' e. .ni),l. 1 ..1 ,11 A F. GRIFFIN, D-vision Engineer.l),-eeuiber unk ss e..l.l w.'.iih,-.- prix, ills ih,- |,1, 1,11114 "i December 5. 1922.
eonerde. LOWER RIVER WORKTin- siiK-w.ilks ,111,1 ,inbs h.iv,- li,-,-ii e. uiipbi, ,1 .m West CarroUton
—
(.iii,pl,'l,,l (,\e,'].l f,.r lln placing
r.lack Strei-t bri,lK,'. ami llu' bii.li;, .iiul .ippi . ,,u h.s li.:\, oi s,-\-, i-;il |i 1 -.ip-s,
been pave,!. The east .,p],i,,,i,h w,,- i,,i\,,l Willi b, uk b\' Miamisburg—Sm,-,' tlu i,p.,rt ,l.ate,l June Ji,. ]'>22. tlu
111,- I iistrict, and ill,' hi uIl;,' iirop, I .iiul w , s| ,ippi ,,.iili w , 1,- Im,- of propituai .1101111, 1 lb, vill.pm- has hein complet,',l.
p,iv,,l with asphalt b\ ill,- -Nmlrews Aspli.ili T.^iul; ( .mi- lb, hink, k" ipmn, 11 im^ ( ..iiipany coinpU'ti'd llu- 1. \ee
pauv The brnlei- will 1..- .p.iu.l P, li.iMu ll,i,nibir lllli iio,lh ol .s-\e.,moi.' ( .. . k b\ hllim; th,' v^.aps ,.\-i'r llu-
Ihe brick iiaving w.is >jro,,l,-.l \o,.mb.i J"lli Pi.l 1 ,1, , -1.11, lui, ..I llu' (lliu, l'ap,r (_..nip,iiiy ,111, 1 thc
Tlu' ,lain. pr,'\ loUsK r,|..r,'.l 1... w.is I'oinphP.l \..- Mi.i.msbmL' I'ap.i (oinp,iii\-. Ihe I'ru,' I'.rollurs (0111-
\-,-,,ilu-r .1,1. ll i^ .1 ,,,ii,-r,l,- ..x, 11. ill .1.1111. .Sill p.i Ioiil;. p,in\ w.is ,iw.ii.|.,l llu- eoiiliael f..r. .iml lia\,' jiisl .iboul
,,i,,l fr,,m s,'\,-ii P, 11111, P,l li|.,4li .ib.,\, lis foim,l.,li,iii ll ,, anph Pil llu ,, nisi niei 1011 ol 1cl.i ...iii.l; w.alls north ami
raisi-s the ,iriliu,ir\ low w.il.r 1. m 1 .ihoni li\',- f, , I . llu' south ,,f S\ I'.iiiu ,r,' Ci.'.k .iml tlu w .,l,i,in.i; of Mam,1am rests on a poroUs f,.nmkilioii \ ,,,iilmuons i,.w .if Sli,','l I'liuks.;, Mi". I\.,b, .1 R,,w,iii w.is .iw.inlcl the con-
st,el shi-rtpiliny W.IS plac, ,1 .11 tin- .ml ..f llu' u], sir,. 1111 11. 1,1 ,iml l,.,s cm, pi, I,,! lb, pi. u 1111; ol a fill e.ist of re-
apron of th,' d.'ini .111,1 ,1 row ..f 1 .^ I....1 li.irdw 1 pil,-. Piuiiul; w.ill lulwi.n S\ ,-,ini.,r,- Str.-el ami Sy^,,|lore
on thre,- fool ciipis w.is ,lru , 1, n, .11 ih.'.iul ol llu' .l.,\sii ( 1 ,','k, llu' ''IHI .,,1 .,1 111. .11. ,bi hie sh.p,- r,'v,'lnu'm_ has
stream apron. llu .kiiii is loe.iP .1 .11 th,' upp, r . n.l .,f llu- b, iii ,-, ,iiipl,'ii-,l. I'll,' ( 1 uml,'\ .Joins \ ("rtimlcy C'oill-
impro\-,-imnl, .ami ils funclion is p. pi,-\', 111 llu ,1,11111111 p,iii\ .,f ( in, 11111. ill li.i\',- b, ,11 .iw.inle.l til,' cinitraet^ for
lation of .t;r,i\-,l m llu- iinprov,,! ,liaiiii,-l llu ,,.,, si nui 1. .11 ..I lln- liii.;li I.'m 1 sp.riii si-wir m 1 bird
dh,' total .111101,111 of ,'li.iinu-l ,-\e.i\ .ilioii. |P-,,i ''. lo Slnil .iml li.i\, .1 p,,rli..ii of il c.,ni|dele,l Tlu' Districl
\o\-,'ii,lu'r .illlh. l'',.'J. W.IS _',ll(l_'.'i,S.i ,-ubie \ .11 ,|s About f,,r,-,-s lia\',' sPuii-il ,,,, lb,' eousiiuetion of llooil .yat,
l.sO.linil cubic N.inls 1,111,11,1 to be ,'\i-,,val,-,l. of wlml, \2?. idi.iiiilurs . ,u s.wai's crossiui; nmhu' lev,,'. <iml an- niakiu.t;
llllll cubic y.arils will b, ll'iii ''. .i,"<'od progress.
THE .MIAMI COiNSERVANCY RULLETIX 61
Franklin—Since the report dated June 2b tlie line of
protection around the village has been completed, the last
stretch of levee cast of Front Street at south end. andterminating in high ground, having been placed. All re-
vetment work on both sides of river has been completedb}- Price Brothers Company. The District's forces started
and have about completed the construction of flood gatechaml)ers in sewers crossing under levee.
Middletown—The Price Brothers Company have com-pleted the tlood gate structure in the Miami and Erie Canalat Tytus Avenue. The clearing of timber in the overflowarea of river channel has also been completed. The Dis-trict's forces have started on the construction of floodgate chambers on sewers crossing under levee.
F. G. BLACKWELL, Division Engneer.December 12, 1922.
RAILROAD RELOCATION.Big Four and Erie—CompletedBaltimore and Ohio—Completed.Ohio Electric—Completed.
RIVER AND WEATHER CONDITIONS.The most striking feature of the weather conditions
since the date of the hist Bulletin was the unusual periodof dry weather during the late summer and fall. Stagesof the river at Dayton were below the zero of the gaugeall during the months of September. October and Novem-ber, the lowest stage being -1.9 feet. Rainfall for Octoberwas 1.10 inches and for November 1.79 inches, the total
deficiency from normal for the two months being 2.40inches. On September 3 a very heavy local storm occurredover a portion of the valley just northwest of Hamilton,resulting in a rise of the Miami River at Hamilton of 10.8
feet in a few hours. The maximum recorded rainfall dur-ing this storm was 6.3 inches at Oxford.
Temperatures since the last report were mild. Un-usuall}' warm weather prevailed during the fall months ofOctober and November, and the lowest temperature re-
corded to the date of this report was 23 degrees on Novem-ber 26.
C. S. BENNETT, Field Engineer.December 12, 1922.
Maintenance Organization.The completion of the live dams of the Con-
.servancy District, and the near approach of thecompletion of the river improvements has drawnattention to the jjroblem of maintenance. The i:n-
portant thing- now is to keep the system up to onehundred ].)ercent efficiency, ready for the supremetest whenever it ma}- come.
To this end maintenance forces are being organ-ized. A maintenance engineer has recently beenselected, as note elsewhere in this Bulletin, andcaretakers lune been ap|)ointed to take care of thedams and river improvements. The works havebeeii bnilt for all time, and are as endmnng as en-
gineering skill can achie\'e with reasonable expense.But as time goes on an}- structure, however massiveor secure, will show sl'gjht defects or deteriorations,
and must be maintained to keep it up to the highestpoint of efficienc)-.
Careful, systematic maintenance is not an ex-
pensive process. But unsystematic or haphazardmaintenance might prove to he literallv and figura-
tiveh' very costly. Deteriorations often start in
such a small way that they can hardly be recognizedas such in the beginning, and they often grow so
graduall}- that their enlargement is hardly notice-
able until a bad condition is created. The rain
may wash gtdlies m the dams and levees. Floodgates or sewer outlets must be kept oiled and clean.
The river channels must be watched to prevent the
formation of bars and other obstructures. As longas the rivers continue to flow they will persist in
carrying gravel and silt, and bars will form in
certain [jlaces, in spite of the efforts that ha\e beeii
made to build a chaiuiel that will be nearly self
maintaining. Careful study must be made of thebar-forming- tendencies of the river, in order to
devise the best and most economical method of
keeping the channel clean. It is quite difficult, how-ever, even under the most rigid inspection, to ahvaysdetect changes in the channels and levees, unlesscareful records are kept, and measurements taken.
A detailed inspection, done regularly liy competentmen whether changes are suspected or not, backedup with written records, and adec[uately super\-!sed
b}- some one competent to interpret what is found,
is the first requisite. The second is to correct the
defects in a workman-like manner.
Careful organization of the inspection work is
therefore very necessary. The personnel must bemade up of men who will go over the groimd rimeafter time, and who will see every change and everynew development. They must have the most careful
direction, as adequate planning is necessary in orderthat every part of the work may be covered.
C'rganization will l)e of even more importancedtiring times of high water. Floods large enoughti> really test the flood prevention works will be rel-
atively infrequent. When they do come they will
give little warning. Every man connected with the
levee patrol or other maii-itenance work must knowwhat to do, as little opportunity will be given for
instructions when the hour comes. Some men mustsee that the flood gates on the sewers are closed,
others must patrol the levees and dams to observethe action of the water, and to watch for imtowardincidents. Hydrographic measurements must bemade of the streams, and much other informationmust be secured. One of the most in-iportant thingswill be the collecting of information on the behaviorof the sj^stem under stress, as that infortnation will
lie the basis on which the future maintenance policy
will be based. During the construction period a levee
]Kitrol has been maintained, using the engineers
employed on the construction organization. Withthe departure of these men, a new organization for
that purpose must be developed.
An Additional Volume of the Technical Reports
Now Ready.
.\n additional \-olume of the technical reports of
The iNEami Conservancy District is ntnv ready for
distribution. It is entitled Part IX, The .Accounting
and Cost Keeping System of the Department of En-gineering and Construction, liy F. L. Cavis, Chief
.\ccountant of the District. It consists of 112 pages,
6x9 inches, and 31 illustrations, and is bouml in
paper cin-e--s. The price is 75 cents postpaid. Thesize and unique character of the enterprise, and the
fact that it was |)ulilic work, and carried out by the
District's own forces, necessitated the developmentof an unusually complete accounting system. .\
constructioi-i organization, put together to do a big
job, has to have a workable accounting system,
readv made for it, and cannot wait on time andgrowth to rectif}- mistakes. This report presents
an accounting system that has had unworkablefeatures taken out of it under the pressure of actual
operations.
62 Till-: MIAMI (( )^s^:R\•.\\^^ iin.i.RTix
The Concrete Overflow Dam at HamiltonBarrier to Prevent Gravel Drifting Down Into the
A ciiiirrctr (i\erllii\\ dam lulilt across thr Miamil\i\fi- at the u|i]ht end i<\ llic rnrr impnixrmrni at
llamilli'ii lia-- ln'rii a Icaliirr ni tlic ci msl rmtii oi
WMvk this fall. I'lif |iur|)M-,c ,i|' tin- liaiTiiT '^ [n
|in.-\"cnl ,L;ia\('l frum iIi'iI'ihil;- dnwii into the nn-proxrd cliannrl lhroiiL;li llu- ('it\. tlu-rc to I'orm harsthat \\onl<l \>r r\]\vi\^]\ V til rrmo\<\ \v 1(mil; a~.
ri\crs CMntmiu' to lli'W. lln'\ wdl can \ alonL;^ withthem, sdl and i^raxfl. c^]iccian\ at tnncs ol' lii^h
water. Ihc hca\y y-i-a\cls and sands, winch arc
ino>t troidih'vomc of all the materials carried aloiit;-
hy the water. tia\el mi the liottolll of the stream..\ depression in the hcd. pins a slij^ht check in the
\elocity ol the stream, will cause the material- to
drop into the depression and stay there until the
pit is Idled. ddiis dam will check the \elocU\ of
the Miami, ami the h.isin .alio\-e will form the pit
in which tliei;'ra\el ;ind sand will dri.p, .\ >,iiid andi;-ra\el plant will exc;i\ ate the depositeil m.atcrial.
screen it, .and sell it fi >r luiildin^^ materi.-d, ami thusput a had h.ahit f\ the Miami Rixcr to henelicial iise.
Relereiice to l"iL;ure .''''l, which is ;i cross-sectionol the his^lu'st section, will .i^ixe the principal dimen-sions, d he d.ani is hnill ( m ,a perxions foiiiid.at loii
,
d he central |',art is an o^(.-e weir, .and is a ;;"ra\it\'
section, tli.at is. it w ill s|and np .a,L;"aiiist the tenden-cy of the water hack nl it t" oxertnrn it, walk. an re-
enliirciiiL;- steel. ddie lirii,ad apr'His l;i\ e it .added
st.ahility. especially aL;-aiiist the tendencx' of thewater In pns'n u dow nsli\',am, Ihe wide h.ase .iKo
forces the water pt-iaa .l.atm^' lhioip:_;h the peiwaonsf(iundat:on tinder the <laiii .and crccpniL;' .alonj; the
lower side ol ilie concrete to traxcl ,a coiisider.alde
distance hetwei'n the tip]ier ,aml kiwer toes. I lead.
Improved Channel, Constructed Above Old River.
which is nolhiii!.^- more tli.iii poteiiti.al ener<_;\. is
Used lip in lorcint,-- the w;itcr throHL;li the voids in
the .i:;-r;i\ek ddie loiter the dist.ance, the iimre headis used. Much ol the desn lutue cner;;\ of the wateris thus tiseil np ill friction, and the \elocit\' of thepercolatin.i;" w.ater is cut down s,
, much that them.ateri.al tinder the d.am is not displ.aced or wa-lied.'iw.ay. rile cut off w.alls and the sheet pilni,;; at thenipper toe help in this l,y addini;' to the dist.ance thecrcepiiiL;" w.ater has to tr.a\(d, .and In- s^ivam;- >oineri^dit .an.L;le turns to the din-ction of the creep, ddievalso hel]i ,anch(jr the d.am in place. d he wnodeiipiles ,at the lower toe also serve as an .anchor to
the dam .and to the flexihk' mat and in case of aw-.ashont at the toe, will Ird,! up the apron, ddiewide tle.xihle iii.at of concrete Idocks, (see k'i^ure,i').S| at the lower toe, is a protection for the toeof tlu' d.ani <a.i;'aiiist the sconriny .action of the w.ater
as it lalls over the dam. .and shoots with hii^h
velocity over the smooth concrete apron.ddie .aluitnients, Imilt at.;ainst the natnr.al li.inks
ol the stream, vary m thickness from M) iiudies at
the hottoiii to 12 niches at the top. ddie cast .al.nt-
ineiit is on a _' to 1 slo]ie, .and the west one is a
,1 to 1 >lope. I'.otli aliulmeiits are supported hw toe
walls ,1 leet thick, which m turn are supported h\'
a row- ol wooden piles .i feet aptirt. ddie foundationmateri.al is s.aud and i^ravel. smiilar to the materialunder the m.ain il.aiii.
ddie .aproiis are re-iiilorce(l with vi inch iron
liars, laid IX inches a|i,art, .ami runniii.u;" u]i .ami d..\vu
stream, d he upper apron caps the tii;lil wall of sheet
steel pilini:;", the lower .apron caps the waioden pihiit;'.
Idle caldes for the tle.Nilde ni.at are anchored into
FIG. j93—GENERAL VIEW OF THE BARRIER DAM AT HAMILTON, SEPTEMBER 23. 1922.The first section had been completed, and the river turned through the five gaps, when this view was taken. The
coffer dam around the remainder of the dam had been built, and the water pumped out. The dragline n the foregroundwas engaged in driving piling, with the leads and hammer of the pile driver suspended from the end of the boom. Thetrestle carried the narrow gauge track used in the transportation of the concrete from the mixer to the forms.
THE MIAMI CONSERVANCY BULLETIN 63
le
F/exib/e Concrete Block Revetment
^^^ <=.+^^i^h„^* <r-?-6'^' 15-0 Iq.Timber Piles \» c, t'5teel5peet <-^ o-»^ ^ 3'-0"C.fcC.—
Piling
1:
"k-z-'fi
"
2 eo/v. Cable- 30'-o"long--'
/,? kAcc.No.4859
FIG. 394—CROSS-SECTION OF THE BARRIER DAM AT HAMILTON.
the tue of the downstream aprun. The concreteblock mat is composed of the same kind of Ijlocks
that are used to ]jrotect the toes of the levees, andis laid in a similar manner.
Some of the methods used in building the BlackStreet Bridge were employed to advantage. A drag-line excavated one-half of the foundation, threw upan earth dyke around the excavation, and did thepile driving just like similar work was done at BlackStreet. An eight-inch centrifugal pump unwateredthe j)it, and had to run less than one half the timeto keep the water down. A wooden trestle wasbuilt just above and two feet higher than the up-stream crest of the dam. (See Figure 393). Nar-row gauge track was laid, and concrete cars werehandled over it by gasoline locomotives. The con-crete mixing plant was on the bank. The foundationand the aprons were poured ahead of the sjjill way-section, with joints ever}- 30 feet, to provide for
expansion and contraction. Beginning at the east
end 90 feet of the spillway section was run in three
30 foot sections. Then alternate sections 30 feet
long were poured, leaving gaj)s 24 feet long between,until five gaps w-ere formed.
Tlien the coffer dam was cleared away, and the
river was turned through the five gaps. Then the
foundation for the remainder of the dam was dug,
a dyke thrown up around it, the water pumped out,
and the concreting ojjerations repeated, save that nofurther gajjs were left out.
When the last half was completed, the coti'er
dams were cleaned up. The dam was now com-pleted save for the five gaps. These were closed
one at a time. /\ sniall timber coffer dam on the
upstream side shut off the water until the section
could be filled with concrete.
When the last section was reached the waterwas very low in the river, as the Ford Plant was
'^M--^%
FIG. 395—THE FIRST SECTION OF THE BARRIER DAM AT HAMILTON, AUGUST 22, 1922.The coffer dam was still in position. The five gaps in the spillway section were used to carry the river wnile the
remainder of the dam was under construction. The trestle carried the track used in transporting concrete from themixer to the forms.
e
()4 rill-: MIAMI (•( )\si.:r\ AXCY iii'LLi-rriN
using- nearly all nf it. After ilic (i|iriiiiii:; was I'lcscil Conservancy Men Widely Scattered.l)y the tinil.er Imlkliead it lock (>() Imurs Inr the Urcentlv while ni<,tnriiij; thrMU-h a niat;nihcentwater tn rrse tn the ti.|. mI the <la:ii. Thi^ alhiweil p,,,,. |,,rc>t. in -nuthern CalitMrnia. and at an' altitudesuffieient tune l..r cnipletni-' the Inniis. pourui.^- the ,,f gjioo tY^^-t, M,-. ( ;, 11. Matthes. t'..rnierlv Assis-et.ncrete an<l ieniM\ni-- tlie Inrnis.
( )n this last tant ICno-ineer with the Distriet, ran aen.ss A- F.seetii.ii a hand ].uiiii. wa- iimM t<i rein.i\e the water McTarthw f.irinerlv (, htef Stewanl i..r the District,between the Inrnis and the Iniij.er hnlkhead, nnlil .MeCarthv was as heart\- and -.•nial as e\ er. He is
the e..iu-rete lia.l keen |H,ure,l and had set U].. iVedin- _'(" « ) men, k.ea'ted m tnur eani|,s. all Mtu-.\n avera,L;e da\'.s work was lOO euhie >ar,U. ( )ii ;m,,| i,,^-|, ,,, (Ju' Sierra-, and remote fr,.in towns.
the ahutinents and . m the end wall- l..r the tU-xihle Thi., winter. 1,0(10 men. en-atjed in drivintj a tunnelmat a small mixer and w heelharn .ws were n.ed. l,i^, mile- Ion-, will he sn.'iwed in for seven m. .nths.Work was started June 1. 1022 ami was eoinpleted ^vith oiilv a do- -led as eonnnumeation with th.\<.venil.er Otli. I here are ah. ml ,\00() euhie yards ,,i,tMde world. .McCarthy has the j..!. of feed, nool coiurete. and lO.OOO ld.,eks in the structure. these men -o well that thev will remain contented.
llesides the nlilitanan leatnres ot the dam. a rhj, fall he has keen husv getlin-" in the snpidiesline lu.dy ol water ha- heen k.rmed. extendni- ii]. ,u.c,.-arv to -,rx e -ome six hundred thou-and mealsto the railroad l.ndye. Several haiid-onie -roves this winter. If anvthin- is foro«'tten. the men willol tree- are on the hank-. ,aiid raw material exists ,],, .vithout tlie-e articles as nothin- can he hrou-lulor a pleasure oround that will mean mucli to ,,ver the trail dnrin- the winter months. Thewi.rk"'""'''""
is heiii- done hy the Southern t'alifornia ICdiSun
Unusual Storm Occurs in September. ' ompany.
Durim.; the earlv mornm- hours of Sun. lav, s^.,,- ^l''- Alalthes attended the .\merican Society of
temher ,y a very unusual storm occurred over a''^'' I'-'k^nieers meetmo- in lalilorni.i. where he
portion of the va'Uev just iK.rth ami west of 1 lamil-'''"'^'^
''' I'-M"^'''-='""' tli^'" It-' ^l"-'"t >'» month visum-
ton. Tlie recorde.l rainfall at Hamilton was 4.2 cn-meerm- work ..n the coast bet. ire returnm- t.i
inches, at i )xford O.,^ ,at I'.aton 2 inches, at 1 )avton ' hattan,.o-a.1ennessee. where he is en-aged m an
10. and at t mcinii.ati 1 .o. I'racticallv all of the'rain m vesti,t,ration and survey ol the 1 ennessee River for
fell between 1 ;,^0 and 7 ;00 A. M.! and it is theI'le
' ."vernment.
..pma.n ..f most of the observers that a lar-e p..rtion ,
1.leulenaiit A. .\. < 'it of the I
.S.^ Xavv visited
it it tell within a twodiour perioil. ddie sexere the work of the I 'islrict in Xo\ ember. lie was
rainfall was practicallv all on the west side of the '"'"inerlv .\ssistant Engineer with the District. Heriver at and aboxc llamilt.in, and on the east side '-^ ""^^' '" ""f'- ^tru--lin- with admmistrata.n
of the ri\,r apparentlv there w a- no pkace where l"-"''!'''"'^ "i tl'^t ne-ro republic,
the rainfall w.a- ot unusuallv hi-h iiiteiisitv. "• -"^'^ ''"-'"I- I'-'-'nerly .hvision en-meer at 1 ay-
his storm was the cause of a sudden anil de-lors\ ilk-. IS ill Texas, where he is Assistant Chief
structive flood m the small streams m the western I'-'i-meer m, the W ichita halls work.1 .
t.Shuler,
part of r.ntler Countv. and the southern p.art of '"nnerly ,at lluttman. is with him.
I'reble I ountv, and produce.l a sta-e ol 12.0 f^.^tI'.artoii M. Jones, lormer Division h.n-meer at
in the .Miami' River, at Hamilton, .\pproxnnatel v I ' >ckin-to.n. is now resident en-iiieer on the flood
25 Couiitx bnd-es were wa-hed out on the v .ariou'- prevention work at rneblo, (. olorado. With hiin
small streams m the re-mn .allect.Ml. Two .Mile are W . j .
Smith and K.ax Ikih-, lormer ( oii-ervancy
Creek anil Four Mile t rcel^. comin- into the Miami '"cii.
just above Hamilton, were ver\ ba.ilv -wolh-n. l"our -^^ 1- l'-''"'-^. I<"iner Division k'.n-meer at ( ier-
Mile Creek cut into it- b.ank- ^everelx at Coke ( )tto,"'antowii, i- iie.ar Ishpemin-, Michi-an. where he is
undermined a portmn of the tr.actioii line and hi-h- I'li'l'lm,- a concrete <lain.
wav near the hi-hwav brid-e. and overtlowe.l coll- '' "^^ -Mcdmnis. lormerly at Huttinan. is msid'erable land in .and around Coke ( »ttn. .\bout 20 ' alilorni.a lielpin- build a dam m the inonntams.
or ,^0 f.amilie- were driven from their home-. ' ''• ''•'"' '"niierly lield Clerk at lluflman. is
.\t 'kwo .Mde Creek the North •T." Street brid-e \\'"-l^"kL;- on the I Hiio Uiver d.ains.
was wreckeil b\- the underminin- iil ihe south abul-
inent, which had been in b.id sh.apr f,,r some t.me. Mr. Chas. H. Paul to Receive the Norman Medal.
This put the tract II ni l.iie out of bn-iiie-- and nece-- .\l r. (ha-. II. I ';iul, chief en-meer for 1'he Miamisitated the hnrrii-il coii-tructioii ol ,a ti'inporar}' ( on-e:w,aiic\- District, will receive the .Xormanbrid-e by the ( . iX D. rr;ution ( (iiiip.an\. iiieil.al ,at the annual nu'i'tin- of the American Soi'i-
De-pite the nnexpeclediie-s of the rise, but little et\ of (nil IMi-meers on lannarx 17, 102.v d'he
dama-e wa- dmie to the Di-lrict properly. The .Xorman medal w a- instituted and endowed in 1872.
Work was delayed fmir or lixe day- by the w.ashin- It is .awarded .annnallv for a papt'r contributed to
out ol the r.nlroad tr.ack in the ri\er bottom. Ihe the Soc;et\ diiriii- the xe.ar which shall be jud-edconcrete barrier dam .at H.aiiiillon w.as under coii- wortlix" of -peci.al commendation a- a contribution
structioii at the time ol tin- ll 1 .and fear- were to en- iieerm- siieiice. Ihe p.aper for which the
had of it- -afely nmler -uch a he.id of w.iici' while aw.ird ha- been iiiacle to .Mr. I'anl is entitled "Coreit was in an mcmnplete -l.ale. When tin- w ;iters Sttidie- in the ll\<lraulic kill Dam- of The Miamireceded, it was lound th.il tlieonK ilamai^e done was ( 'onstn's ,iiic\ District."
m the di-pkaceineiit ol p.irt of the timbers on tlu- The present.at ion will be made on the first of a
lempor;ir\ trestle. The tre-tle wa- tieil to—dher ihree da\ -es-ioii of tlu' .'~^ociet\. to be lu'lil in Xewwith cable, -o none oi the material wa- washed ^'ork. Distin-uished en-ineeis Iroin all nwv the
awav. I'liited .'-States will attend.
=>f
