2006 AMMA Cruise Summary · G. Jenkins HU/NCAS AIRS Data and Retrievals NOAA/NESDIS/STAR QSS Group, Inc. M. Goldberg C. Barnet J. Wei E. Maddy W. Wolf ARM CART AERI – Niger; RS-92

AIRS Science Team MeetingAIRS Science Team MeetingBeltsville, MDBeltsville, MD

28 September 200628 September 2006

2006 AMMA Cruise Summary2006 AMMA Cruise SummaryAEROSE-II Piggyback MissionAEROSE-II Piggyback MissionTrans-Atlantic Aerosol and Ocean Science ExpeditionTrans-Atlantic Aerosol and Ocean Science Expedition

Nicholas R. NalliNicholas R. Nalli1,21,2

and and V. MorrisV. Morris33, E. Joseph, E. Joseph33, , P. J. MinnettP. J. Minnett44,,M. D. GoldbergM. D. Goldberg22

11QSS Group, Inc., Lanham, MarylandQSS Group, Inc., Lanham, Maryland22NOAA/NESDIS/STARNOAA/NESDIS/STAR33Howard University/NCASHoward University/NCAS44University of Miami/RSMASUniversity of Miami/RSMAS

28-Sep-06 N. R. Nalli - AMMA-AEROSE-II Cruise Summary 2

With special thanks toWith special thanks to……

•• B. B. MolinariMolinari, R. Lumpkin and C. , R. Lumpkin and C. SchmidSchmid (NOAA/AOML) (NOAA/AOML)

•• R. R. KnutesonKnuteson and W. and W. FeltzFeltz (UW/CIMSS) (UW/CIMSS)

•• G. Jenkins, M. Hawkins, L. G. Jenkins, M. Hawkins, L. RoldRoldáánn, A. Flores, and T. , A. Flores, and T. CreekmoreCreekmore(HU/NCAS)(HU/NCAS)

•• M. SzczodrakM. Szczodrak, M. , M. IzaguirreIzaguirre, K. Voss and E. Key (UM/RSMAS), K. Voss and E. Key (UM/RSMAS)

•• P. Clemente-Colón and C. Barnet, (NESDIS/STAR)P. Clemente-Colón and C. Barnet, (NESDIS/STAR)

•• W. Wolf and C. Dean (QSS Group, Inc.)W. Wolf and C. Dean (QSS Group, Inc.)


AEROSE OverviewAEROSE Overview

•• The The Aerosol and Ocean Science ExpeditionsAerosol and Ocean Science Expeditions (AEROSE)(AEROSE) are area series of trans-Atlantic intensive field campaigns conducteda series of trans-Atlantic intensive field campaigns conductedaboard the NOAA Ship aboard the NOAA Ship Ronald H. Brown (RHB).Ronald H. Brown (RHB).–– AEROSE-I (NH Spring 2004)AEROSE-I (NH Spring 2004)–– AMMA-AEROSE-II (NH Summer 2006)AMMA-AEROSE-II (NH Summer 2006)

•• The ongoing AEROSE mission focuses on providing a set ofThe ongoing AEROSE mission focuses on providing a set ofcomplementary measurements that characterize the impacts andcomplementary measurements that characterize the impacts andmicrophysical evolution of aerosols from the African continentmicrophysical evolution of aerosols from the African continentduring their transport across the Atlantic Ocean.during their transport across the Atlantic Ocean.

•• A comprehensive suite of aerosol measurements and size-A comprehensive suite of aerosol measurements and size-segregated sampling is performed during each cruise tosegregated sampling is performed during each cruise tocharacterize the evolution of aerosol mass distributions.characterize the evolution of aerosol mass distributions.


AEROSE GoalsAEROSE Goals

The three central scientific questions being addressed by AEROSEThe three central scientific questions being addressed by AEROSEareare

1.1. What is the extent of change in the mineral dust and smokeWhat is the extent of change in the mineral dust and smokeaerosol distributions as they evolve physically and chemicallyaerosol distributions as they evolve physically and chemicallyduring trans-Atlantic transport?during trans-Atlantic transport?

2.2. How do Saharan and sub-Saharan aerosols affect the regionalHow do Saharan and sub-Saharan aerosols affect the regionalatmosphere and ocean during trans-Atlantic transport?atmosphere and ocean during trans-Atlantic transport?

3.3. What is the capability of satellite remote sensing and numericalWhat is the capability of satellite remote sensing and numericalmodels for resolving and studying the above processes?models for resolving and studying the above processes?


AMMA-AEROSE-II CruiseAMMA-AEROSE-II CruiseSnapshotSnapshot

•• Piggyback sub-mission on a PIRATA (PilotPiggyback sub-mission on a PIRATA (PilotResearch Array Tropical Atlantic) buoyResearch Array Tropical Atlantic) buoydeployment cruise conducted as part of thedeployment cruise conducted as part of theinternational international African MultidisciplinaryAfrican MultidisciplinaryMonsoon Analyses (AMMA)Monsoon Analyses (AMMA)

•• NOAA/AOML allocated ship time for 54 daysNOAA/AOML allocated ship time for 54 daysduring Jun-Jul 2006. The primary objective ofduring Jun-Jul 2006. The primary objective ofthe main mission was to drop 2 TAO moorings tothe main mission was to drop 2 TAO moorings toexpand the Atlantic PIRATA moored array.expand the Atlantic PIRATA moored array.

•• The AMMA Cruise consisted of 2 nearly identicalThe AMMA Cruise consisted of 2 nearly identicallegs over an 8-week period:legs over an 8-week period:

–– Leg 1:Leg 1: Departed San Juan, Puerto Rico on 27-May. Departed San Juan, Puerto Rico on 27-May.Proceeded across the Atlantic to a waypoint atProceeded across the Atlantic to a waypoint at2020°°N, 23N, 23°°W. The 2 TAO moorings were droppedW. The 2 TAO moorings were droppedalong 23along 23°°W longitude while proceedingW longitude while proceedingsouthbound. After reaching a 2southbound. After reaching a 2ndnd waypoint at 5 waypoint at 5°°S,S,then made way for the South American coast for athen made way for the South American coast for aport call in port call in RacifeRacife, Brazil on 18-Jun., Brazil on 18-Jun.

–– Leg 2:Leg 2: Departed Departed RecifeRecife on 22-Jun proceeding on 22-Jun proceedingalong a similar route, with the exception that thealong a similar route, with the exception that theship returned to her home port in Charleston, SCship returned to her home port in Charleston, SCon 16-Jul.on 16-Jul.



Participating InstitutionsParticipating Institutions

•• Howard University NOAA Center for AtmosphericHoward University NOAA Center for AtmosphericSciences (HU/NCAS)Sciences (HU/NCAS)

•• NOAA/NESDIS/STAR; QSS Group, Inc.NOAA/NESDIS/STAR; QSS Group, Inc.•• University of Miami/RSMASUniversity of Miami/RSMAS•• University of Wisconsin-Madison/CIMSSUniversity of Wisconsin-Madison/CIMSS•• NOAA/OAR Atlantic Oceanographic andNOAA/OAR Atlantic Oceanographic and

Meteorological Laboratory (AOML)Meteorological Laboratory (AOML)•• NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental LaboratoryNOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory

(PMEL)(PMEL)•• NOAA/OAR/ESRL/PSD (formerly NOAA/ETL)NOAA/OAR/ESRL/PSD (formerly NOAA/ETL)•• NOAA/NWS/NCEPNOAA/NWS/NCEP


Key Onboard CollaboratorsKey Onboard Collaborators

M-AERI Observations;M-AERI Observations;Micropulse Lidar; MWMicropulse Lidar; MWRadiometer; All-sky cameraRadiometer; All-sky camera

UM/RSMASUM/RSMASM. M. SzczodrakSzczodrakM. M. IzaguirreIzaguirre

Sondes; AIRS Validation; IRSondes; AIRS Validation; IRRemote SensingRemote Sensing

QSS Group, Inc.QSS Group, Inc.NOAA/NESDIS/STARNOAA/NESDIS/STAR

N. NalliN. Nalli

Aerosols; Chemistry;Aerosols; Chemistry;Radiation Budget;Radiation Budget;Ozonesondes; Chief ScientistOzonesondes; Chief Scientist–– Leg 2b Leg 2b

HU/NCASHU/NCASV. MorrisV. MorrisE. JosephE. Joseph

Grad StudentsGrad Students

Co-Chief Scientists;Co-Chief Scientists;TAO Moorings; CTD, XBTsTAO Moorings; CTD, XBTsNOAA/AOMLNOAA/AOML

R. LumpkinR. LumpkinC. C. SchmidSchmid

RESPONSIBILITYRESPONSIBILITYINSTITUTIONINSTITUTIONNAMENAME


Key Key ShoresideShoreside Collaborators Collaborators

Chief Scientist, AMMA Team PIChief Scientist, AMMA Team PINOAA/AOMLNOAA/AOMLB. B. MolinariMolinari

Vaisala sounding system; Surface Flux Measurements;Vaisala sounding system; Surface Flux Measurements;C-Band Radar; Wind Profiler; Sea Space SatelliteC-Band Radar; Wind Profiler; Sea Space SatelliteUplinkUplink

NOAA/OAR/ESRL/PSDNOAA/OAR/ESRL/PSD(formerly NOAA/ETL)(formerly NOAA/ETL)

C. C. FairallFairallD. WolfeD. Wolfe

M-AERI Data; All-sky cameraM-AERI Data; All-sky cameraMicropulse LidarMicropulse Lidar

UM/RSMASUM/RSMASP. P. MinnettMinnettK. VossK. Voss

Forecast support, N-AMMA Team Member,Forecast support, N-AMMA Team Member,ozonesondesozonesondesHU/NCASHU/NCASG. JenkinsG. Jenkins

AIRS Data and RetrievalsAIRS Data and RetrievalsNOAA/NESDIS/STARNOAA/NESDIS/STAR

QSS Group, Inc.QSS Group, Inc.

M. GoldbergM. GoldbergC. BarnetC. Barnet

J. J. WeiWeiE. E. MaddyMaddyW. WolfW. Wolf

ARM CART AERI ARM CART AERI –– Niger; Niger;RS-92 sonde fundingRS-92 sonde funding

UW-Madison/CIMSSUW-Madison/CIMSSR. R. KnutesonKnuteson

W. W. FeltzFeltz

AIRS/M-AERI Radiative Transfer AIRS/M-AERI Radiative Transfer ModellingModellingUMBCUMBCS. S. DeSouzaDeSouza-Machado-Machado

L. L. StrowStrow

COLLABORATIONCOLLABORATIONINSTITUTIONINSTITUTIONNAMENAME


Instrumentation/MeasurementsInstrumentation/Measurements

•• Micropulse Lidar (MPL)Micropulse Lidar (MPL)•• Microtops sun photometerMicrotops sun photometer•• Vaisala RS92 RadiosondesVaisala RS92 Radiosondes•• SciPumpSciPump ECC-6A ECC-6A

OzonesondesOzonesondes•• M-AERIM-AERI•• Cascade impactorsCascade impactors•• PM10 high volume samplerPM10 high volume sampler•• Laser particle counterLaser particle counter

•• CTDsCTDs, XBTs, XBTs•• MFRSR (shadowbandMFRSR (shadowband

radiometer)radiometer)•• Microwave radiometerMicrowave radiometer

(integrated water)(integrated water)•• Broadband Broadband pyronometerpyronometer•• In situIn situ trace gases: O trace gases: O33, CO,, CO,

SOSO22, NO, NOxx

•• Surface meteorological &Surface meteorological &oceanographicoceanographicmeasurementsmeasurements


Satellite Aerosol Climatology Satellite Aerosol Climatology –– June June


Satellite Aerosol Climatology Satellite Aerosol Climatology –– July July


AEROSE Cruise Tracks to DateAEROSE Cruise Tracks to Date


AEROSE Cruise Tracks to DateAEROSE Cruise Tracks to Date


Satellite, NAAPS, and Microtops Aerosols During AEROSE-II Leg 1Satellite, NAAPS, and Microtops Aerosols During AEROSE-II Leg 15 5 June 2006 12:00 UTCJune 2006 12:00 UTC

DustDust

060506

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

1

1.1

1.2

1.3

13:38:52

13:43:50

13:45:43

13:46:14

13:46:49

13:47:21

13:47:55

13:48:28

13:49:03

13:49:38

13:50:11

16:16:03

16:16:38

16:17:17

16:17:53

16:18:27

16:19:03

16:44:13

16:44:48

16:45:23

16:46:08

16:46:46

16:47:19

16:47:53

16:48:32

Hours (UT)

AO

T

AOT340

AOT440

AOT675

AOT870

AOT936


Satellite, NAAPS, and Microtops Aerosols During AEROSE-II Leg 2Satellite, NAAPS, and Microtops Aerosols During AEROSE-II Leg 227 27 June 2006 12:00 UTCJune 2006 12:00 UTC

SmokeSmoke

062706

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

14:10:30

14:11:56

14:13:23

14:14:51

15:05:56

15:07:33

15:09:04

15:02:14

15:35:23

15:38:26

15:39:46

16:04:47

16:06:09

16:07:30

16:08:51

16:45:08

16:46:32

16:47:54

17:04:14

17:05:37

17:06:58

17:08:22

18:05:04

18:06:31

18:08:00

18:34:01

18:35:33

18:36:05

18:38:22

Hours (UT)

AO

T

AOT340

AOT440

AOT675

AOT870

AOT936


Leg 1 North-South TransectLeg 1 North-South TransectHourly Averaged Number ConcentrationHourly Averaged Number Concentration

48:00 96:00 144:00 192:00 240:00 288:00 336:00

1.50x1053.00x1054.50x1056.00x1057.50x1059.00x1051.05x1061.20x1061.35x1061.50x106

0.3-0.5

Time

0.05.0x10

41.0x10

51.5x10

52.0x10

52.5x10

53.0x10

5

0.5-1.0

0.02.0x10

44.0x1046.0x1048.0x1041.0x1051.2x1051.4x1051.6x105

1.0-5.0

0500

1000150020002500300035004000

5.0-10

048

1216202428

6-166-14

6-12

Num

ber C

once

ntra

tion

(cou

nt/ft

3

)

6-106-8

North-South Transect Hourly Averaged Number Concentration

6-66-4

>10

Smoke-Smoke-impactedimpacted

Dust-Dust-impactedimpacted


SondesSondes

•• Vaisala RS92 GPS rawinsondesVaisala RS92 GPS rawinsondeswere launched during both legswere launched during both legscoinciding with AIRS overpasscoinciding with AIRS overpasstimestimes

•• Ozonesondes were launchedOzonesondes were launchedwithin dust and smoke plumeswithin dust and smoke plumes

•• An Intensive Observing PeriodAn Intensive Observing Period(IOP) during the Leg 2 S-N(IOP) during the Leg 2 S-Ntransect consisted oftransect consisted of–– Sondes 4/day at ~01:30, 07:30,Sondes 4/day at ~01:30, 07:30,

13:30, 19:3013:30, 19:30–– Ozonesondes ~1/day at ~01:30Ozonesondes ~1/day at ~01:30

or 13:30 LSTor 13:30 LST•• Totals of ~90 sondes and 20Totals of ~90 sondes and 20

ozonesondes were launchedozonesondes were launchedover entire cruiseover entire cruise


Leg 1 Sonde LaunchesLeg 1 Sonde Launches


Ozonesonde LaunchesOzonesonde Launches

Up, up and away!Up, up and away!


Leg 1 Relative Humidity Cross SectionsLeg 1 Relative Humidity Cross Sections

SaharanSaharanAir LayerAir Layer

(SAL)(SAL)

MarineMarineBoundaryBoundary

LayerLayer

ITCZITCZ


Leg 1 Ozone Cross-SectionLeg 1 Ozone Cross-Section


Leg 2 Ozone Cross-SectionLeg 2 Ozone Cross-Section


Potential Satellite ValidationPotential Satellite Validation

•• AIRSAIRS (humidity, ozone, trace gas, temperature (humidity, ozone, trace gas, temperaturesoundings; skin SST)soundings; skin SST)

•• RTM w/scattering (e.g., surface emissivity/reflection,RTM w/scattering (e.g., surface emissivity/reflection,aerosols)aerosols)

•• AVHRR (SST, clouds, AOD)AVHRR (SST, clouds, AOD)•• MODIS (aerosol, clouds, MODIS (aerosol, clouds, ChlChl-a, SST)-a, SST)•• SAR (winds, ocean features)SAR (winds, ocean features)•• AURA/OMI (ozone profiles)AURA/OMI (ozone profiles)•• TRMM (vertical precipitation profiles)TRMM (vertical precipitation profiles)


SummarySummary

•• The AEROSE-II piggyback combined atmospheric andThe AEROSE-II piggyback combined atmospheric andoceanographic measurements acquired with a wide number ofoceanographic measurements acquired with a wide number ofship-based ship-based in situin situ and remote sensing sensors in an and remote sensing sensors in aninterdisciplinary fashion.interdisciplinary fashion.

•• The cruise domain spanned the north and south tropical AtlanticThe cruise domain spanned the north and south tropical AtlanticOcean, a region of great interest in terms of the SAL, tropicalOcean, a region of great interest in terms of the SAL, tropicalstorm formation, and tropospheric ozone/carbon/aerosolstorm formation, and tropospheric ozone/carbon/aerosolchemistry and transport.chemistry and transport.

•• AEROSE intensive campaign data will used for AIRS validationAEROSE intensive campaign data will used for AIRS validationactivities in this otherwise challenging region.activities in this otherwise challenging region.


Imminent WorkImminent Work

•• Ozonesonde and surface ozone comparisons (w/ HU/NCAS)Ozonesonde and surface ozone comparisons (w/ HU/NCAS)

•• AIRS OAIRS O3 3 retrieval marine validation downwind of Saharan dustretrieval marine validation downwind of Saharan dustand biomass burning (w/ J. and biomass burning (w/ J. WeiWei, E. , E. MaddyMaddy))

•• Emissivity/reflection model validation (w/ P. Emissivity/reflection model validation (w/ P. MinnettMinnett))

•• AIRS temperature/HAIRS temperature/H22O profile validation (w/ UW/CIMSS,O profile validation (w/ UW/CIMSS,UM/RSMAS)UM/RSMAS)

•• Aerosol retrievals/kCARTA modeling (w/ S. Aerosol retrievals/kCARTA modeling (w/ S. DeSouzaDeSouza-Machado-Machadoand L. and L. StrowStrow))


AcknowledgementsAcknowledgements

•• The The NOAA Minority Serving Institutions Educational Partnership ProgramNOAA Minority Serving Institutions Educational Partnership Program

•• National Science Foundation Career GrantNational Science Foundation Career Grant (ATM-9703167) (ATM-9703167)

•• NASA Grant at Howard UniversityNASA Grant at Howard University (NG-1224) (NG-1224)

•• NASA AQUA TeamNASA AQUA Team (NAG511104) (NAG511104)

•• Joint Center for Satellite Data Assimilation (JCSDA)Joint Center for Satellite Data Assimilation (JCSDA) FY06 Science Development and FY06 Science Development andImplementation Task (JSDI)Implementation Task (JSDI)

•• NASANASA’’s Tropical Center for Earth and Space Studiess Tropical Center for Earth and Space Studies of the University of Puerto Rico at of the University of Puerto Rico atMayagüezMayagüez (NCC5-518) (NCC5-518)

•• We acknowledge the participation and support of all the We acknowledge the participation and support of all the AEROSE Science Team membersAEROSE Science Team membersand the many students who participated in the cruises.and the many students who participated in the cruises.

•• We also thank the We also thank the officers and crew of the officers and crew of the Ronald H. BrownRonald H. Brown for their support during 8 for their support during 8weeks at sea.weeks at sea.

Documents

2006 AMMA Cruise Summary · G. Jenkins HU/NCAS AIRS Data and Retrievals NOAA/NESDIS/STAR QSS Group, Inc. M. Goldberg C. Barnet J. Wei E. Maddy W. Wolf ARM CART AERI – Niger; RS-92